EP1452667B1 - System of elements of supporting structure of a three-dimensional framework - Google Patents

Abstract

The spatial support structure is formed using stems (21) and at least one connection head which exhibits the torsion-proof rod shaped connecting element (35). The arrangement has malleable cast iron connection head which is configured with a connection part (50) and attachment part (80). The connection part is firmly connected with a rod element. The attachment part has contact surfaces which exhibits attachment wall sections for attachment at the stem. The connection head has upper head part (44) and lower head part which are connected with one another as one-piece. A perforated disk is formed between them which reaches upto the connection part, attachment side and slot which opens in the vertical outer surface for inserting over the stem, which is fitted on it. An upper cotter opening (152) is formed in the upper head part and a lower cotter opening in the lower head part. The brace serves as cotter (41) for connecting the scaffolding element. The sidewall parts (46.1,46.2) are formed with the outer vertical surfaces (76.1,76.2), which encloses a wedge angle that takes in, preferably, an eighth part of a full circle.

Description

The invention relates to a support structure element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is formed torsionally rigid with the aid of stems and at least one connection head having rod-shaped connecting elements.

For connection to vertical scaffolding posts, horizontal slides with through holes for wedges are known on them. About the discs are connected with rod elements connected connection heads. Taking into consideration the purpose and production malleable heads are used suitably, which are suitable for welding with steel pipes. There are various embodiments of such connection heads, for example according to DE-OS 39 34 857. Although such connection heads have proven extremely effective in practice, they seem to be improved in many respects.

The connection head is the element in a framework that occurs most frequently or almost most often in rod scaffolds equipped with connection nodes. Because of this connection head all forces of the respective connecting element into the vertical bar and the other bars, it also has the utmost importance for the safety of the users. Production optimization and application optimization are demands on every technical component. To a connection head of a scaffold they are provided in particular.

Because of the entangled conditions with respect to the introduction and transfer of force and the voltage conditions within the connection head depending on the applied forces, which can also be dynamic and change frequently, knowledge and knowledge about this element can only with great effort, in the practical application of Scaffolding gained expertise and skill to create new detailed solutions.

From FR 27 23 153 a connector has become known, which consists of two profiled thin-walled half-shells. Each half-shell has an insertion tab with a semicircular cross-section for insertion into a tubular element. The half shells inserted into the tube element are each welded to the tube element over its circumference. This two-part connector is completely unsuitable for the construction of high static and / or dynamic stresses exposed space structures also in safety aspects.

The invention is based on the object, the connection heads of fasteners under several conditions in terms of material costs, weight, production times, production costs and operating expenses even with different loads and in terms of occurring in space structures stress conditions, Force and torque transmission ratios and supporting functions of fasteners for the vast majority of purposes to make cheaper than previous connection heads of fasteners, in particular the limited outer surfaces material volume of the connection head so in the outer edge regions to arrange that the connecting element formed with the connection head manufacturing technology, load and weight is designed to be more advantageous.

To solve this problem, the following features are provided:

Support structure element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffolding, which is formed torsionally rigid with the aid of stems and at least one connection head rod-shaped connecting elements, wherein the connection head with a connection part and a plant part with contact surfaces having plant -Wand parts to rest on the stems, and in which the existing of malleable cast-iron connection head is limited in the circumferential direction with side wall parts and up and down with wall parts, the forces transmitting material areas Nutzräume are designed to be free and the side wall parts with vertical Outside surfaces are formed, which include an eighth part of a full circle engaging wedge angle, and the connection head has an upper head part and a lower head part, which are integrally connected to each other and between which reaching to the connecting part, the A nlageseite and the vertical outer surfaces open slot for attachment to a on the rod-shaped framework element, in particular a stem mounted perforated disc is formed and formed in the upper head part, an upper wedge opening and the lower head part, a lower wedge opening, for a pluggable through the wedge openings and the perforated disc, the bracing of the scaffolding elements to be connected wedge, and wherein the contact part of the connection head with a it has limited volume to the abutment surfaces of the abutment wall parts, slit surfaces delimiting the slot, and outer wall surfaces formed by the vertical outer surfaces including the wedge angle,
characterized,
in that the specific volume of the connection head formed by the ratio of the volume bounded by the outer wall surfaces and by an inner imaginary surface between connection part and installation part and the mass of the contact part of the connection head is at least 1.2 times, preferably 1 , Is 3 to 2.0 times the specific volume of the solid material plant part of the connection head.

Advantageously, the imaginary surface between the connection part and the abutment part is formed with a vertical plane contacting the slot surfaces. As a result, a lighter, inexpensive to be manufactured and created in scaffolding also high altitude, even changing loads safely transmitting connection head of a connecting element created.

It can be provided that the connection part has a stop surface for abutment of the fixedly connectable to it rod-shaped connecting element and preferably by the ratio of the limited with the outer wall surfaces including the stop surface volume and the mass of the terminal head limited volume and the mass of the connection head is at least 1.2 times, preferably 1.3 to 2.0 times the specific volume of the connection head consisting of solid material. This allows the creation of fasteners of space structures with a connection head is designed to be cheaper in terms of occurring in space structures stress conditions, power and torque ratios and support functions of fasteners.

Furthermore, provision can be made for the connection head to have substantially equal wall thicknesses extending from the vertical outer surfaces to the horizontal and / or the oblique outer surfaces under all surface regions, with the exception of transition regions in the corners extending inwards. This allows the shading of connecting elements with a connection head with further improved structural design with regard to secure transmission of high forces and moments.

Further details, advantages, features and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following with reference to the drawings dealt with part description.

Fig. 1

die schematische Schrägansicht eines Teils eines Gerüstes mit Anschlußköpfe aufweisenden Gerüstelementen, die gemäß der weiteren Figuren nach der Erfindung gestaltet sind;

Fig. 2

einen Teil-Horizontalschnitt im Bereich eines Anschlußknotens mit Draufsicht auf eine Lochscheibe sowie zwei Anschlußköpfe mit Keilen, wobei einer der Anschlußköpfe teilweise mit dem zugehörigen Gerüstrohr geschnitten ist;

Fig. 3

einen Vertikalschnitt im Bereich eines Anschlußknotens, wobei der Anschlußkopf und die ihn umgebenden Bereiche dargestellt sind;

Fig. 4

die Seitenansicht eines Anschlußkopfes;

Fig. 5

die stielseitige Vorderansicht eines Anschlußkopfes;

Fig. 6

die rohrseitige Rückansicht eines Anschlußkopfes;

Fig. 7

die Oberansicht eines Anschlußkopfes gemäß dem Pfeil 7 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 8

einen Horizontalschnitt durch den Anschlußkopf gemäß der Pfeile 8-8 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 9

die Unteransicht eines Anschlußkopfes gemäß dem Pfeil 9 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 10

einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Anschlußkopf gemäß der Pfeile 10-10 in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Anschlußkopfes mit einer für Gerüstrohre günstigen Anschluß-Element-Gestaltung;

Fig. 12

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Anschlußkopfes mit einer für U-Profil-Stäbe, wie Horizontalriegel, günstigen Anschluß-Element-Gestaltung;

Fig. 13

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Anschlußkopfes mit einer für Diagonalverstrebungen günstigen Anschluß-Element-Gestaltung.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It shows

Fig. 1

the schematic oblique view of a portion of a framework with connecting heads having scaffolding elements, which are designed according to the other figures according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a partial horizontal section in the region of a connection node with a plan view of a perforated disc and two connecting heads with wedges, wherein one of the connecting heads is partially cut with the associated scaffolding tube;

Fig. 3

a vertical section in the region of a connection node, wherein the connection head and the surrounding areas are shown;

Fig. 4

the side view of a connection head;

Fig. 5

the handle-side front view of a connection head;

Fig. 6

the tube-side rear view of a connection head;

Fig. 7

the top view of a connection head according to the arrow 7 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 8

a horizontal section through the connection head according to the arrows 8-8 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 9

the bottom view of a connection head according to the arrow 9 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 10

a vertical section through the connection head according to the arrows 10-10 in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11

a three-dimensional representation of a connection head with a cheap for scaffold tubes connection element design;

Fig. 12

a three-dimensional view of a connection head with a U-profile bars, such as horizontal bar, convenient connection element design;

Fig. 13

a three-dimensional representation of a connection head with a favorable for diagonal struts connection element design.

The frame 20 of FIG. 1 forms a space frame with vertical stems 21, horizontal bars 22, diagonal bars 23, horizontal support bars 24 and scaffolding floors 25, which are mounted by means of Einhängemitteln, in particular Einhängeklauen 26 to the Horiozontal-Tragriegeln 24. The stems 21 are based on height-adjustable feet 27 on the ground. The stems 21 can also be short-rod elements of consoles, Lattice girders or other space frame elements. In a distance corresponding to the framework basic grid 28 connecting elements in the form of perforated discs 30 on the stems 21 by means of welds 33 are attached. Such perforated disks 30 may be equipped with the illustrated, but also with differently shaped holes and additional auxiliary equipment. In this preferred embodiment, different sized holes 31 are formed.

Scaffolding elements or connecting elements 35, such as e.g. the horizontal bars 22 and the horizontal support bars 24, are to be connected to the smaller holes 31.1. Diagonally connectable connecting elements 35, e.g. the diagonal bars 23, are to be connected to the larger holes 31.2. The connecting elements 35 are mainly horizontal bars 22, horizontal support bar 24 and diagonal bars 23. These may have different lengths depending on their purpose. Horizontal bars 22 may also be used as railing 37 as shown in FIG.

As the further drawings show, the connecting elements 35 are formed with cylindrical tubes 38, also referred to as elongated rod parts or scaffolding tubes, which are welded to the connection heads 40. Instead of the circular cylindrical tubes 38 but also differently shaped support elements can be used. For example, can also be designed with upwardly open U-profiles horizontal support bar 24 or with or without joint parts connected to the connection heads diagonal bars 23 may be provided. The connecting heads 40 are placed over the horizontally arranged perforated discs 30 and fixed there by means of the wedges 41, which are guided by corresponding wedge openings 137, 152 and the holes 31 of the perforated discs 30.

The wedges 41 have in the lower end as a captive piercing pin or rivet 42. A side recess 43 is designed so that you can put the wedge 41 in the raised position parallel to the tube 38.

Each terminal head 40 has a plant portion 80 with an upper head portion 44 and a lower head portion 45 and has a ring-shaped terminal portion 50. The terminal head 40 is symmetrical to the stem axis 53 and the tube axis 54 containing vertical plane of symmetry 55 (FIG. 7). The upper head portion 44 has the height 56 and has - as in FIGS. 4 and 5 most clearly numbered - the upper side wall portions 46.1, 46.2, the upper wall portion 48 and the upper abutment wall portion 51. The lower head portion 45 is formed with the lower side wall portions 47.1, 47.2, the lower wall portion 49 and the lower abutment wall portion 52 and has the height 57, which corresponds to the height 56 here. Each terminal head 40 has a height 58 (FIG. 4) and a depth 59 (FIG. 9). The distances 65 and 75 between the normal to the vertical plane of symmetry 55th and lying in slot center horizontal plane 90 and the upper end 67 of the upper abutment surface 84 and the lower end 88 of the lower abutment surface 85 is due to the symmetry of the terminal head 40 each half of the height 58 of the connecting head 40th

Between the upper side wall portions 46.1, 46.2 and the lower side wall portions 47.1, 47.2, the slot 60 is arranged, which serves to receive the perforated disc 30 through which the connection head 40 is inserted for attachment of the connecting elements 35 connected to it.

The slot 60 formed in a rectangular plane in a plane parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry 55 is delimited by the upper slot surfaces 61.1, 61.2 and the lower slot surfaces 62.1, 62.2. These each run parallel to one another and are formed parallel to the tube axis 54 and normal to the vertical plane of symmetry 55. For connection part 50 out of the slot 60 is limited by the vertical slot surfaces 63.1, 63.2, which are also parallel to each other in a common plane and each perpendicular to the upper and lower slot surfaces 61, 62 are formed. The transitions between the horizontal, upper slot surfaces 61, 62 and the vertical slot surfaces 63 are each rounded with the radius 64, the Here, about 36% of the wall thickness 82 of the upper and the lower side wall portions 46 and 47 in the region of the slot 60 is.

The slot width 68 is slightly larger than the thickness 69 of the perforated disc 30. This measure is particularly true for the tube 38 lying towards the bottom of the slot 60. It can also be provided that the slot width 68 widens towards the insertion point to the insertion and to improve alignment.

The upper and lower side wall portions 46, 47 are designed tapering substantially wedge-like on the stem and pulley center 71. They each have the upper vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, the lower vertical outer surfaces 73.1, 73. 2 and each formed in the outer contour of triangular upper transition surfaces 74.1, 74.2 and lower transition surfaces 76.1, 76.2. The upper and lower vertical outer surfaces 72 and 73 associated with the side wall parts 46 and 47 are each located in a common plane 77.1, 77.2 containing the stem axis 53 and are at the wedge angle 79 about the stem and disk center 71 with respect to one another arranged offset (Fig. 7). The wedge angle 79 is exactly 45 °, so that up to eight connection heads 40 can be mounted on a perforated disc 30. However, for this purpose, the wedge angle 79 may also be less than 45 °.

The upper vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2 and the lower vertical outer surfaces 73.1, 73.2 of the upper side wall parts 46.1, 46.2 and the lower side wall parts 47.1, 47.2 each have the slightly recessed wall surface regions 230.1, 230.2 and 231.1, 231.2. Their transitional contours to the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2 point to the outer contours or the outer boundary surfaces of the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2 each have a distance 232 which corresponds approximately to the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46 or 47 in the region of the slot 60. The wall surface areas 230.1, 230.2; 231.1, 231.2 are parallel to the associated vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2 formed and these opposite sunk by a depth which corresponds to about 14% of the wall thickness 83 of the side wall portions 46 and 47 in the region of the slot 60. The recessed wall surface areas 230.1, 230.2; 231.1, 231.2 form handle grips favorable for handling and facilitate the position fixing and gripping of the connection heads 40 during production.

The upper side wall parts 46.1, 46.2 and the lower side wall parts 47.1, 47.2 are offset in the region of their upper vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2 and lower vertical outer surfaces 73.1, 73.2 with substantially parallel to these inwards extending upper inner wall surfaces 81.1, 81.2 and lower inner wall surfaces 82.1, 82.2 designed and have the wall thickness 83, which here about 20 to 30% of the outer handle radius 87 and / or 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness 32 of the stem 21.

The upper or lower side wall portion 46 and 47, respectively, on the contact side in the upper or lower abutment wall portion 51 and 52 on. The abutment wall parts 51, 52 have the upper and lower, concavely arched upper and lower abutment surfaces 84, 85 arranged in alignment with one another. The outer radius 86 of the contact surfaces 84, 85 corresponds to the handle outer radius 87. As a result, the connection head 40 is in the assembled state positively to the, the outer handle radius 87 and the wall thickness 32 having stem 21 at. The upper and lower bearing surface 84, 85 are each designed rectangular in the outer contour, advantageously both contact surfaces 84, 85 equal or about the same size and symmetrical to the parallel to the slot surfaces 61, 62 at the level of half the slot width 68th extending horizontal plane 90 are designed. The contact surfaces 84, 85 therefore both have the same width 91 and the same height 92.1 or 92.2. By these measures, a low surface pressure with optimal power transmission from the connecting head 40 to the stem 21 is possible both in terms of downward and upward acting static and / or dynamic bending forces or tilting moment forces, as well as static and / or dynamically occurring torsional forces.

The arc length 93 of the contact surfaces 84, 85 is just so large in each of the connection heads 40, 40.1, 40.2 chosen so that it corresponds to the product of the stem outer radius 87 and the wedge angle 79 in radians, taking into account the radii 181. As a result, a maximum width 91 of the contact surfaces 84, 85 is given, so that the surface pressure between the connection head 40 and stem 21 is further minimized and also occurring at the connection head 40 side or torsional forces by form-fitting support of the connection head 40 on the stem 21 safely transferred to this become. In addition, juxtaposed on the perforated disc 30 connecting heads 40 are mutually optimally supported on their mutually facing vertical outer surfaces 72, 73, so that the occurring at the connection head 40 sides or torsional forces collected by the forming structure composite in addition to a large area or on the stem 21 are transferred.

The upper and lower abutment wall portions 51, 52 each have a rectangular opening 94, 95, which is bounded by the upper and the lower abutment surface 84, 85 and which have a width 107 and a height 108. The abutment wall parts 51, 52 have the inner vertical wedge abutment surfaces 96.1, 96.2, 96.3, 96.4, which are arranged in a common plane 97 extending parallel to the abutment surfaces 84, 85. At this wedge-stop surfaces 96.1, 96.2, 96.3, 96.4 is when hitting the wedge 41 of the front stop edge 98 evenly and richly, while the rear abutment edge 109 abuts against the inner stop surface 34 of the outer edge of the perforated disc 30, so that the holding and supporting forces uniformly and safely over the upper and lower abutment wall portion 51, 52 and whose contact surfaces 84, 85 are transmitted to the stem 21. In the area of the abutment surfaces 84, 85, the abutment wall parts 51, 52 have the wall thickness 99 (FIG. 9), which is advantageously about 115% of the wall thickness 83 here.

The abutment wall parts 51, 52 are each formed with the insertion wall parts 100, 101, which have the angle 102, 103 to the slot 60 inclined towards the outer flat Schlägflächen 104, 105, wherein in the present embodiment, the angle 102, 103 equal are large and each slightly larger than the eighth part of a full circle. The thus formed recess 106 allows easy insertion of the connection head 40 on the perforated disc 30 and a secure contact of the contact surfaces 84, 85 on the stem 21st

The upper and lower side wall portions 46, 47 merge in the region of the vertical slot surface 63 in the terminal portion 50 and are there to form the parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry 55 (Fig. 5) extending circle segment surface 111 cut. The circular segment 111 delimiting sheet 112 and the vertical slot surface 63 containing vertical extending tendon 113 intersect at the upper intersection 114 and the lower intersection 115. The hypotenuse 117 of the triangular upper transition surface 74 of the upper side wall portion 46 extends obliquely upward from the upper intersection 114 up to the upper abutment side corner 118 of the connection head 40 The shorter catheter 119 of the upper transition surface 74 is formed by the transition edge 121 at the transition to the upper, parallel to the horizontal slit surfaces 61, 62 extending upper horizontal wall portion 122 of the upper wall portion 48, wherein the length 123 of the transition edge 121 about the height the upper contact surface 84 corresponds. The longer catheter 124 of the upper transition surface 74 is formed by the transition edge 126 to the part-spherical upper transition wall portion 127 of the upper wall portion 48.

The lower triangular transition surface 76 (FIG. 4) is limited to the lower abutment surface 85 by its hypotenuse 131. Starting at the lower intersection point 115, this extends obliquely downwards at the front to the lower wall part 49 and intersects it at the intersection 132. It has a distance 133 from the lower abutment surface 85 which corresponds to the distance 136 (FIG. 10) of the abutment-side vertical wedge. Stop surface 96.4 of the lower wedge opening 137 of the lower abutment surface 85 corresponds. The shorter catheter 138 of the lower transition surface 76 extends from the upper point of intersection 115 obliquely downward forward to the intersection 139 or the intersection of the lower wall portion 49 with the part-spherical lower transition wall portion 141. The longer catheter 142 of the lower transition surface 76 is formed with the lower transition edge 143 at the transition to the horizontal, parallel to the slot surfaces 61, 62 extending sub-wall portion 49.

The upper wall portion 48 is on the plant side with the upper horizontal wall portion 122 (Fig. 5 above) and the connection part 50 toward the part-spherical upper transition wall portion 127 formed. The upper horizontal wall portion 122 and the transition wall portion 127 have the outer surfaces 146 and 147 and the inner surfaces 148 and 149 (FIG. 10) extending parallel thereto. The upper horizontal wall portion 122 and the transition wall portion 127 have substantially a thickness 150 which is about half as large as the wall thickness 83 of the side wall portions 46, 47 in the region of the slot 60. In the region of the upper abutment wall portion 51st the wall thickness 151 is slightly larger and is about 65% of the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46, 47th

In the upper wall portion 48, the upper rectangular wedge opening 152 is provided, which is designed symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry 55 (Fig. 7). It is formed with the vertical wedge abutment surface 96.1 and has a distance 153 of the parallel wedge support surfaces 154, 155 corresponding width 156 (FIG. 9). This is slightly larger than the wedge thickness 157, so that the wedge 41 unhindered but supported is feasible. The vertical wedge abutment surface 96.1 of the upper wedge opening 152 is normal to the vertical plane of symmetry 55 and normal to the horizontal plane 90 (FIG. 9) and has a distance 158 (FIG. 10) from the upper abutment surface 84 is equal to the distance 136 of the lower wedge-stop surface 96.4 of the lower abutment surface 85th

The upper transition wall portion 127 and the lower transition wall portion 141 (Figures 4 and 6) are also rearwardly of the tube axis 54 in view of good accessibility of the weld region 159 of the annular bead 160 (Figure 8) of the port portion 50 Beveled and designed partially spherical. The part-spherical design of the upper transition wall portion 127 also means the advantage that granular substances, for example sand, do not remain on the surface 161 of the assembled connection head 40. This avoids the risk of jamming or surface damage of the abutment surfaces 84, 85 and the stem outer surface 162 (FIG. 3). Furthermore, this contamination of freshly painted or directed walls is avoided.

The lower wall part 49 (FIG. 4) is formed with the lower horizontal wall part 171 (FIG. 10) running parallel to the slit surfaces 61, 62 and the lower transition wall part 141. In the lower wall part 49, the lower wedge opening 137 (FIGS. 9 and 10) is provided, which has a substantially rectangular shape. It has the length 173 and the width 174. Their hole edges are on both sides of the lower wedge-abutment surface 96.4 towards, chamfered towards the vertical plane of symmetry 55 with the inclined surfaces 186.1, 186.2 chamfered to support a centering of the wedge 41. The lower wedge opening 137 of the connecting head 40 has a the insertion of the lower, the rivet 42 having the end 36 of the wedge 41 and a plugging in the upper end-turn 70 of the wedge 41 arranged underneath, not shown in the figures terminal head enabling hole edge design. This allows easy handling and secure stacking of the connection heads of fasteners even during transport. Contributes to this, the advantageous design, in particular the upper outer surfaces including the upper horizontal wall portion 122 and the lower horizontal wall portion 171 at.

The lower horizontal wall part 171 and the transition wall part 141 of the lower wall part 49 have the outer surfaces 176, 177 and the inner surfaces 178, 179 parallel thereto. This corresponds to the wall thickness of the upper wall portion 48 and is here also about half as large as the wall thickness 83 of the side wall portions 46, 47. In the region of the lower abutment wall portion 52, the wall thickness 184 (FIG. 10) is slightly larger and is about 65% of the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46, 47.

All transitions between the side wall portions 46, 47 and the upper and lower abutment wall portions 51, 52 and between them and the top and bottom wall portion 48, 49 and between the side wall portions 46, 47 and the part-spherical transition wall portions 127, 141 are in each case rounded off with the radius 181, which here amounts to approximately 30% of the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46, 47. The upper and the lower transition wall parts 127 and 141 extend in the regions of the rear tube-side opening edges 182, 183 of the upper and lower wedge opening 152 and 137 and the side wall portions 46, 47 are in the areas of the vertical slot surfaces 63.1, 63.2 in the annular bead 160 of the connection part 50 via.

This has an opening 245 communicating with the wedge receiving space 200, whose opening edges 246, 251 span an opening diameter 247, 252, which here amounts to 70 or 80% of the inner diameter 89 of the tube 38. Here, the straight opening edges 246.1, 246.2, 246.3, 246.4 here are assigned to the inwardly facing surfaces of Zentrierlappen 197.1, 197.2, 197.3, 197.4, while the partially circular segment-shaped opening edges 252.1, 252.2, 252.3, 252.4 each in the circumferential direction between the Zentrierlappen 197.1 , 197.2, 197.3, 197.4 lying areas of the annular bead 160 are assigned.

The connection part 50 has, at its tube-side end 194, the beveled annular surface 195 which is beveled towards the tube axis 54. The inclined annular surface 195 is bounded by the annular vertical abutment surface 196, which is normal to the horizontal plane 90 and normal to the vertical plane of symmetry 55. The annular bead 160 is in the region between the circular segment surface 111, the upper and lower outer surfaces 147 and 144 of the transition wall portions 127 and 141 and the inclined annular surface 195 with the part-circular segment-shaped outer surfaces 134 and 140 of the rear transition wall parts 128th and 129 (Figures 4 and 6). The inclined annular surface 195 has the width 211, the outer diameter 198 and the inner diameter 199 (FIG. 4), which is slightly smaller than the tube outer diameter 39 of the tube 38 and serves to accommodate the V-seam design weld metal.

For centering of the tube 38, the annular bead 160, the four each offset by an angle of 90 ° to each other Zentrierlappen 197.1, 197.2, 197.3, 197.4. Their substantially cylindrically curved outer surfaces 222.1, 222.2, 222.3, 222.4 lie on a circle with the diameter 223. This corresponds to the inner diameter 224 of the tube 38, so that the connecting head 40 inserted with its centering tabs 197 centered in the tube 38 and subsequently with this can be welded.

The connecting head 40 has inside the wedge receiving space 200 (FIG. 6), which is also referred to as the usable space, and which is designed in a sectional plane running parallel to the horizontal plane 90 in the shape of an isosceles trapezium (FIG. The trapezoidal base 201 is formed on the tube side by the normal to the vertical plane of symmetry 55 and normal to the horizontal plane 90 extending inner surfaces 202 of the connection part 50. The two symmetrical to the vertical plane of symmetry 55 extending inner wall surfaces 81, 82 of the side wall portions 46, 47 form the trapezoidal sides 203.1, 203.2 and the vertical wedge-abutment surfaces 96 of the abutment wall portions 51, 52 form the upper trapezoidal baseline 204th The Trapezecken 206, 207, 208, 209 are designed rounded to allow a low-tension power transmission.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 8 and 10, in the area of the tube-side end 213 of the upper wedge opening 152, the inwardly projecting support web 214, which projects through the wedge receiving space 200 parallel to the slot surfaces 61, 62, is formed. Its cross-section 216 is also shown in FIG. 10. The projecting into the wedge receiving space 200 support web part 217 is formed wing-shaped with an upper inclination angle 218. This corresponds to the wedge angle 110 between the front stop edge 98 and the lower abutment edge 109 of the wedge 41, which limits the recess 43 to the impact end 70 back. As a result, the wedge 41 in the pulled-out state be placed on the interior boundary surface 226 of the support bar 214 to save space and transport. The tip 219 located in the wedge receiving space 200 has a distance 221 from the upper vertical wedge stop face 96.1. The support bar 214 serves on the one hand as a support for the wedge 41 when the connection head 40 is disassembled, and on the other hand for integral structural reinforcement with structurally favorable design of the connection head 40th

The connection heads 40, 340, 440 are designed in such a way that they have an increased specific volume compared to the previously known connection heads. This characteristic value is used in particular in the lightweight construction technique and is determined by the ratio of the volume and the mass of a shaped body. The larger the specific volume, the lower the mass for the same volume or the larger the volume for the same mass. In the above-mentioned connection heads 40, 340, 440 an increase in the specific volume is achieved in that the mass of the connection heads 40, 340, 440 is concentrated substantially in the edge regions of the connection heads, so that with respect to the transmission, in particular of bending and torsional forces structurally low designed connection head with simple production and low weight is possible.

The volume of the connecting heads 40, 340, 440 is thereby essentially by the outer wall surfaces, in particular the abutment surfaces 84, 85 of the abutment wall portions 51, 52, the slot 60, 360, 460 limiting slot surfaces 61, 62, 63 and the Wedge angle 79 enclosing vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 of the plant part 80, 380, 480 limited.

If one initially assumes an increase in the specific volume of the installation part 80, 380, 480 of the connection head 40, 340, 440, the volume of the installation part 80, 380, 480 is further limited by an imaginary transition area or an inner area imaginary surface between the abutment portion 80, 380, 480 and the terminal portion 50 of the connecting head 40. This transition region is expediently an imaginary vertical plane 240 touching the vertical slit surfaces 63.1, 63.2 (FIG. 10).

In the connection heads 40, 340, in addition to the specific volume of the contact part 80, 30 and the specific volume of the connection part 50, 350 are increased, so that the specific volume of the entire connection head 40, 340 by the ratio of the outer Wall surfaces including the stop surface of limited volume and the mass of the connection head is formed and at least 1.2 times the specific volume of the solid material connection head.

Fig. 12 shows the connection head 340, which is connectable with the cross-sectionally U-shaped profile horizontal support bar 24. It is formed with the terminal part 350 and the abutment part 380, which has the upper head part 344 and the lower head part 345 and the horizontal slot 360. The plant part 380 is the same as the connecting head 40 for connecting the pipe 38 with the exception of transition areas at the transition to the advantageous in terms of the U-shaped support bar connection part 350.

The connection part 350 is formed with the U-profile 353 open at the top with the legs 354.1, 354.2, 354.3 extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the horizontal support bar 24, also referred to as a U-shaped connecting element. The upwardly open U-profile 353 of the connection part 350 allows good accessibility of the weld at low weight of the connection head 40. At the points away from the connection part 350 ends of the legs 354.1, 354.2, 354.3 of the circumferential centering collar 390 is arranged. Whose outer surfaces are formed such that the horizontal support bar 24 can come with its wall parts at a small distance fitting to the outer surfaces to the plant.

The two lateral limbs 354.1 and 354.2 then point to the centering collar 390, which likewise extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the horizontal support bar 24 and its longitudinal wall parts extending centering tabs 397.1 and 397.2. Their outer surfaces 398.1 and 398.2 have a distance corresponding to the distance of the side wall portions or the side legs of the horizontal support bar 24, so that an easy assembly in the production is possible.

In Fig. 13 designed with a hinge part connecting head 440 is shown for pivotally connecting a diagonal bar 23. The terminal head 440 has the terminal part 450 and the abutment part 480 formed with the upper head part 444, the lower head part 445 and the horizontal slot 460. The installation part 480, with the exception of transition areas at the transition to the part of the joint advantageously designed with respect to the part 450 designed to be the same as the connection head 40 for connecting the pipe 38th

The terminal part 450 is formed with the vertical wall part 485 and the hinge tab 490. In this case, the joint flap 490, with respect to the axis of the shaft 453 facing center line 455 of the connecting head 440 forms the angle 475, which is 135 ° here. The hinge flap 490 has in its disk-shaped vertical end portions of the parallel outer surfaces 491 and 492. At its end facing away from the connection part 450 end 496, the joint pocket 490 is designed with the radius 497. Concentric with the radius 497, the bore 495 is provided. Its longitudinal axis is normal to the outer surfaces 491, 492 and serves to receive a connectable to the diagonal bar 27 cylindrical bearing and coupling element. The distance between the bore 495 of the vertical wall portion 485 and its outer contour are designed coordinated so that the diagonal bar 23 is pivotable starting from a central position to both sides by exactly 90 ° to the slot plane.

The advantageous design of the outer surfaces of the connection heads 40, 340, 440 with the part-spherical, beveled and rounded wall parts avoids undesirable tilting of the stacked in a transport box connection heads 40, 340, 440. This allows an increased position and transport safety by separation of the connection heads 40, 340th , 440 and easy removal of the stacked connection heads 40, 340, 440.

Support structure-element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is torsionally rigid with the aid of stems 21 and at least one connecting head 40 having rod-shaped connecting elements 35, wherein the connection head 40 with a connection part 50 and an investment Part 80 with abutment surfaces 84, 85 bearing system wall parts 51, 52 is designed to rest on the stems 21, and in which the malleable material existing connection head 40 in the circumferential direction with side wall portions 46, 47 and up and down with wall parts 122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129 is limited, the material-transferring material areas Nutzräume are designed to be free and the side wall portions 46, 47 are formed with vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2, the one eighth part of a full circle engaging wedge angle 79 include, and the connecting head 40 has an upper head portion 44 and a lower en head part 45, between which a up to the connecting part 52 reaching, to the contact side and the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 open slot 60 is formed for attachment to a mounted on the handle 21 perforated disc 30, and in the upper head part 44, an upper wedge opening 152 and lower head part 45, a lower wedge opening 137 are formed, for a plug-in by the wedge openings 152, 137 and the perforated disc 30, serving to brace the scaffolding elements to be connected wedge 41, and wherein the contact part 80 of the connection head 40 with the contact surfaces 84, 85 of the abutment wall portions 51, 52, with the slot 60 delimiting slot surfaces 61, 62, 63 and with the wedge angle 79 enclosing vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 formed outer wall surfaces limited volume,
and that
the connection head 40 from the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2, the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces 146, 147; 176, 177 starting from below all surface areas except for transition areas in corners extending inwardly has substantially the same wall thicknesses. As a result, the connection head is formed with a support surface structure. Furthermore, a scaffold element with a particular manufacturing technology and load moderately structurally formed connection head is possible.

It can be provided that the stems 21 a stem outer radius 87 and a wall thickness 32 having round tubes Steel are. By means of connecting members designed in this way, the advantageous construction of an entire framework is possible.

Advantageously, it may be provided that the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 and the associated inner wall surfaces 81, 82 of the upper and preferably also the lower side wall portions 46,47 in the vicinity of the slots 60 substantially parallel to a wall thickness 83rd in the range of about 20 to 30% of the outer handle radius 87 and / or in the range of 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness 32 of the handle 21 are designed.

In addition, it can be provided that the distances 65 and 75 of the upper end 67 of the upper abutment surface 84 and the lower end 88 of the lower abutment surface 85 of the slot 60 in height of half the slot width 68 intersecting horizontal plane 90 are equal, wherein preferably the upper abutment surface 84 and the lower abutment surface 85 are equal. The symmetrical arrangement of the contact surfaces relative to the perforated disk clamped in the horizontal slot by means of the wedge allows a uniform distribution of the static and dynamic forces and moments with favorable material utilization. Furthermore, this is possible for exceptional cases mounting the connection head rotated by 180 ° reached.

In addition, the contact surfaces 84, 85 each have an arc length 93, the product of the stem outer radius 87 and the Wedge angle 79 in radians corresponds. As a result, a minimum surface pressure between the contact surfaces of the connection head and the framework stem is achieved.

It is further provided that the contact surfaces 84, 85 are designed in relation to the handle outer diameter 87 and the wall thickness 32 of the handle 21 adapted. As a result, the bending capacity of the handle tube is optimally exploitable, so that an undesirable denting of the tube or damage to the connection head is prevented.

It is further provided that between the upper side wall portions 46.1, 46.2 at least one above the slot 60 lying support web 214 is preferably formed over the entire width of the wedge receiving space 200 between the upper side wall portions 46.1 and 46.2. By these measures, a connection head of a scaffold element is possible, which with optimum material utilization with minimal weight safely withstand the loads occurring and the effective forces and moments with security on the scaffold post. It is further provided that the support web 214 has a substantially planar, at an angle 218 inclined interior boundary surface 226, wherein the angle 218 preferably corresponds to the wedge angle 110 between the front stop edge 98 and the rear abutment edge 109 of the wedge 41. This allows the space-saving storage of the wedge on the wedge head for convenient storage and transport of fasteners.

It is also provided that the oblique upper and lower wall portions adjacent to the wedge openings at about the same wall thickness in the upper and lower head portion 44, 45 bearing the fact that the width of the upper wedge opening 152 only the wedge thickness 157 plus movement and the width of the lower wedge opening 137 corresponds to at least the thickness of a mounted in the region of the lower end 36 of the wedge 41 captive, are designed differently.

In addition, it is provided that the vertical side wall portions 46, 47 relative to the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 have slightly recessed wall surface portions 230, 231, which preferably have transitional contours to the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73, to the outer contours the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 have a distance 232 which corresponds approximately to the wall thickness 83 of the vertical side wall portions 46, 47. As a result, an improved fixation of the connection head during manufacture, a better manual handling and a further weight saving is possible.

It is further provided that the connection head 40 symmetrical to a the stem and pulley center 71 and the bisector of the wedge angle 79 containing vertical plane of symmetry 55 is formed. As a result, a tilting or rotary or torsional stresses is created safely and uniformly transmitting connection head of a connecting element with favorable material utilization.

It is further provided that the essential part of the upper outer surfaces 74.1, 74.2, 147.1, 147.2, 134.1, 134.2 are designed bevelled in the direction of outer edges of the connection head 40. This avoids the formation of interfering deposits on the surface of the connection head.

It is further provided that at least one of the abutment wall portions 51, 52 is formed with an inclined surface 104, 105 having insertion wall portion 100, 101, wherein the inclined surface 104, 105 to the horizontal slot surfaces 61, 62 and the slot 106 around a Angle 102, 103 is formed inclined. Advantageously, each of the abutment wall parts 51, 52 is formed with inclined inclined surfaces 104, 105 having insertion wall parts 100, 101, wherein at least one of the angles 102, 103 is greater than the eighth part of a full circle. Conveniently, the two angles 102, 103 are the same size. By these measures, in the assembly of the connecting head having connecting elements to the provided with the perforated discs stems easier sliding of the connection head on the perforated discs and thus easy installation is possible in the scaffolding structure.

In another illustration, the following features may be provided for achieving the above object:

• der aus Temperguß-Werkstoff bestehende Anschlusskopf (40, 340, 440) ist mit einem Anschluss-Teil (50, 350, 450) und einem Anlage-Teil (80, 380, 480) gestaltet,
• der Anschluss-Teil (50, 350, 450) ist fest mit einem Stabelement verbunden,
• der Anlage-Teil (80, 380, 480) hat Anlageflächen (84, 85) aufweisende Anlage-Wandteile (51, 52) zur Anlage an den Stielen (21),
• der Anschlusskopf (40, 340, 440) weist einen oberen Kopfteil (44, 344, 444) und einen unteren Kopfteil (45, 345, 445) auf,
• zwischen diesen ist ein bis zum Anschluss-Teil (50, 350, 450) reichender, zur Anlageseite und den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen (72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2) offener Schlitz (60, 360, 460) zum Aufstecken auf eine auf dem Stiel (21) angebrachte Lochscheibe (30) ausgebildet,
• im oberen Kopfteil (44, 344, 444) ist eine obere Keilöffnung (152) und im unteren Kopfteil (45, 345, 445) ist eine untere Keilöffnung (137) ausgebildet, für einen durch die Keilöffnungen (152, 137) und die Lochscheibe (30) steckbaren, dem Verspannen der zu verbindenden Gerüstelemente dienenden Keil (41),
• der Anschlusskopf (40, 340, 440) ist in Umfangsrichtung mit Seiten-Wandteilen (46, 47) und nach oben und unten mit Wandteilen (122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129) begrenzt, deren die Kräfte übertragende Werkstoff-Bereich Nutzräume freilassend ausgebildet sind,
• die Seitenwandteile (46, 47) sind mit Vertikal-Außen-Flächen (72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2) gebildet, die einen Keilwinkel (79) einschließen,
• der Anschlusskopf (40, 340, 440) weist von den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen (72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2), den horizontalen und/oder den schrägen Außen-Flächen (146, 147; 176, 177) ausgehend unter allen Flächenbereichen mit Ausnahme von Übergangsbereichen in Ecken nach innen sich erstreckend im wesentlichen gleiche Wanddicken auf.

Support structure-element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is formed torsionally rigid with the aid of stems (21) and at least one connection head (40, 340, 440) having rod-shaped connecting elements (35), having the following features:

• the connection head (40, 340, 440) consisting of malleable cast iron material is designed with a connection part (50, 350, 450) and a contact part (80, 380, 480),
• the connection part (50, 350, 450) is firmly connected to a rod element,
• the plant part (80, 380, 480) has abutment surfaces (84, 85) having abutment wall parts (51, 52) for abutment with the stems (21),
• the connection head (40, 340, 440) has an upper head part (44, 344, 444) and a lower head part (45, 345, 445),
• between them is a to the connection part (50, 350, 450) reaching, to the system side and the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2) open slot (60, 360, 460) for attachment to a on formed the handle (21) attached perforated disc (30),
• in the upper head part (44, 344, 444) is an upper wedge opening (152) and in the lower head part (45, 345, 445) is formed a lower wedge opening (137), for one through the wedge openings (152, 137) and the perforated disc (30) plug-in wedge (41) serving to clamp the scaffolding elements to be connected,
• the terminal head (40, 340, 440) is circumferentially bounded by side wall portions (46, 47) and upwardly and downwardly by wall portions (122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129) having their material transferring forces Utility rooms are designed to be released,
• the side wall parts (46, 47) are formed with vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2) which enclose a wedge angle (79),
• the connection head (40, 340, 440) points from the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2), the horizontal and / or the oblique outer surfaces (146, 147; 176, 177) starting from all surface areas with the exception of transition areas in corners extending inwardly substantially equal wall thicknesses.

It can be provided that the vertical outer surfaces (72, 73) and the associated inner wall surfaces (81, 82) of the upper and preferably also the lower side wall portions (46, 47) in the vicinity of the slots (60, 360, 460) are designed substantially parallel to a wall thickness (83). By these measures, a light, formed with a support surface structure connection head is formed. Furthermore, a scaffolding element with a particular manufacturing technology and load moderately structurally formed connection head is possible.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the rod element is tubular, in particular with an outer diameter, an inner diameter and a wall thickness having tube is formed. This makes it possible for connection heads of connecting elements designed with tubular rod or profile elements to have an improved wall or partial wall configuration of the connection head having utility spaces.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the stems (21) are round tubes made of steel, with a stem outer radius (87) and a wall thickness (32) and wherein the wall thickness (83) of the side wall parts (46, 47) in the range of about 20 to 30% of the outer handle radius (87) and / or in the range of 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness (32) of the stem (21) is designed. In addition, it can be provided that the wall thickness (83) in the range of 2.5 to 4 times the wall thickness of the connected to the connection head (40, 340) bar element and / or in the range of about 10 to 16% of the outer diameter (39 ) of the tube (38) is designed. By means of such shaped connecting elements of the advantageous structure of a whole scaffold with respect to the static and dynamic stresses occurring in particular in scaffolding and Kraft- and Momentenübertragungsverhälthissen coordinated scaffolding parts possible.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the rod element is tubular, in particular with an outer diameter (39), an inner diameter (89) and a wall thickness (29) having tube (38) is formed.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the connection part (50) has an opening (245) which is connected to the wedge accommodation space (200) and whose opening edges (246, 251) span an opening diameter (247, 252) which is at least 60 % is preferably 65 to 85% of the inner diameter (89) of the tube (38). This makes it even easier and in terms of manufacturing and transmission of forces and moments as well as the connection conditions Of tubular connecting elements structurally low designed connection head possible.

In addition, it can be provided that the rod element is formed with an upwardly open profile, in particular a U-profile. This allows for connection heads of connecting elements designed with suspension or support profiles, such as horizontal support bars, an improved wall or partial wall design of the utility rooms having connection head.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the connection part (50, 350) has a stop surface (196, 396) configured to fit the rod element, adapted to the joining and stress conditions and the rod element.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the connection part (50, 350) in the region of the abutment surface (196, 396) has a thickness (193) which is approximately the wall thickness (29) of the rod element and preferably approximately the average wall thickness of the connection head (40 ) corresponds. This allows a simple and secure welding of the two scaffolding elements.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the connection part (450) has a joint part, which is pivotally connected to the rod element, in particular a diagonal rod (23). As a result, an improved wall or partial wall design of the utility rooms having connection head is possible for connection heads of articulated connection elements.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the joint part is formed with a hinge lug (490) at an angle (475) of 135 ° to a shaft (353) facing center line (455) of the connection head (440). This makes it possible, in particular, if four apertures of the perforated disks arranged at right angles to one another with horizontal bar elements, such as horizontal support bars, longitudinal bars, cross bars or lattice girders, make the connection of diagonal struts additionally stiffening the space support.

In addition, it may be provided that the distances (65 and 75) of the upper end (67) of the upper bearing surface (84) and the lower end (88) of the lower abutment surface (85) of the slot (60) in the amount of Half of the slot width (68) intersecting horizontal plane (90) are equal, preferably the upper abutment surface (84) and the lower abutment surface (85) are the same size The symmetrical arrangement of the abutment surfaces relative to the clamped in the horizontal slot by means of the wedge Perforated disk allows a uniform distribution of static and dynamic forces and moments with favorable material utilization, as well as a possible assembly of the connection head in exceptional cases, rotated by 180 °.

It can be provided that the connection part 50, 350 has a stop surface 196, 396 for conditioning the firmly connectable to it rod-shaped connecting element 35 and by the ratio of the outer wall surfaces including the stop surface 196, 396 limited volume and mass of the connecting head 40, 340 formed specific volume of the connecting head 40, 340 is at least 1.2 times, preferably 1.3 to 2.0 times the specific volume of the connecting head consisting of solid material. This allows the creation of fasteners of space structures with a connection head is designed cheaper in terms of occurring in space structures stress conditions, power and torque ratios and supporting functions of fasteners.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the connection head 40, 340, 440 of the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73. 2, the horizontal and / or the oblique outer surfaces 146, 147; 176, 177 starting from below all surface areas except for transition areas in corners extending inwardly has substantially the same wall thicknesses. This allows the creation of connecting elements with a connection head with further improved structural design with regard to secure transmission of high forces and moments.

Another part of the invention group is based on the task of finding an improved wall or partial wall design of the utility rooms having connection head for connection heads of designed with tubular rod or profile elements connecting elements.

To achieve this object, the following features are provided according to an alternative embodiment of the invention:

• der aus Temperguß-Werkstoff bestehende Anschlußkopf 40 ist mit einem Anschluß-Teil 50 und einem Anlage-Teil 80 gestaltet,
• der Anlage-Teil 80 hat Anlageflächen 84, 85 aufweisende Anlage-Wandteile 51, 52 zur Anlage an den Stielen 21,
• der Anschluß-Teil 50 ist fest mit einem Stabelement, insbesondere einem Rohr 38 verbunden,
• der Anschluß-Teil 50 weist eine auf die Füge- und Beanspruchungsverhältnisse sowie das Stabelement angepaßt gestaltete Anschlagfläche 196 zur Anlage des Stabelementes auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 40 weist einen oberen Kopfteil 44 und einen unteren Kopfteil 45 auf,
• zwischen diesen ist ein bis zum Anschluß-Teil 50 reichender, zur Anlageseite und den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 offener Schlitz 60 zum Aufstecken auf eine auf dem Stiel 21 angebrachte Lochscheibe 30 ausgebildet,
• im oberen Kopf teil 44 ist eine obere Keilöffung 152 und im unteren Kopf teil 45 ist eine untere Keilöffnung 137 ausgebildet, für einen durch die Keilöffnungen 152, 137 und die Lochscheibe 30 steckbaren, dem Verspannen der zu verbindenden Gerüstelemente dienenden Keil 41,
• der Anschlußkopf 40 ist in Umfangsrichtung mit Seiten-Wandteilen 46, 47 und nach oben und unten mit Wandteilen 122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129 begrenzt, deren die Kräfte übertragende Werkstoff-Bereiche Nutzräume freilassend ausgebildet sind,
• die Seitenwandteile 46, 47 sind mit Vertikal-Außen-Flächen 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 gebildet, die einen den achten Teil eines Vollkreises einnehmenden Keilwinkel 79 einschließen,
• der Anlage-Teil 80 des Anschlußkopfes 40 weist ein mit den Anlageflächen 84, 85 der Anlage-Wandteile 51, 52, mit den Schlitz 60 begrenzenden Schlitzflächen 61, 62, 63 und mit den den Keilwinkel 79 einschließenden Vertikal-Außenflächen 72, 73 gebildeten äußeren wandflächen begrenztes Volumen auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 40 weist von den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73. 2, den horizontalen und/oder den schrägen Aüßen-Flächen 146, 147, 176, 177 ausgehend unter allen Flächenbereichen mit Ausnahme von Übergangsbereichen in Ecken nach innen sich erstreckend im wesentlichen gleiche Wanddicken auf.

Support structure element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is formed torsionally rigid with the aid of stems 21 and at least one connecting head 40 having rod-shaped connecting elements 35, with the following features:

• the connecting head 40 made of malleable cast iron material is designed with a connection part 50 and a contact part 80,
• the installation part 80 has abutment surfaces 84, 85 having abutment wall parts 51, 52 for abutment with the stems 21,
• the connection part 50 is fixedly connected to a rod element, in particular a tube 38,
• the connection part 50 has a stop surface 196 adapted to the conditions of joining and stress as well as the rod element, for abutment of the rod element,
• the connection head 40 has an upper head part 44 and a lower head part 45,
• between these a reaching to the connection part 50, the system side and the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 open slot 60 for attachment to a mounted on the stem 21 perforated disc 30 is formed,
• in the upper head part 44 is an upper wedge opening 152 and the lower head part 45 is a lower wedge opening 137 is formed, for a plug-in by the wedge openings 152, 137 and the perforated disk 30, the bracing of the scaffolding elements to be connected wedge 41,
• the connection head 40 is limited in the circumferential direction with side wall parts 46, 47 and up and down with wall parts 122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129, whose forces transferring material areas utility rooms are designed to be free-standing,
• the side wall parts 46, 47 are formed with vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 which enclose a wedge angle 79 occupying the eighth part of a full circle,
• the plant part 80 of the connecting head 40 has a with the contact surfaces 84, 85 of the plant wall parts 51, 52, with the slot 60 delimiting slot surfaces 61, 62, 63 and with the wedge angle 79 enclosing vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 formed outer wall surfaces limited volume,
• the connection head 40 has from the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73. 2, the horizontal and / or sloping apex surfaces 146, 147, 176, 177 starting from below all surface areas except for transitional areas in corners extending inwardly substantially equal wall thicknesses.

It is provided that the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 and the associated inner wall surfaces 81, 82 of the upper and preferably also the lower side wall portions 46,47 in the vicinity of the slots 60 substantially parallel to a wall thickness 83 in the range of about 10 to 16% of the outer diameter 39 of the tube 38 and / or in the range of 2.5 to 4 times the wall thickness 29 of the tube 38 are designed. As a result, the connecting element is formed with scaffolding element parts which, in particular in scaffolding occurring static and dynamic stresses are designed to match each other in an advantageous manner.

It is further provided that that the connection part 50 in the region of the stop surface 196 has a thickness 193 which corresponds approximately to the wall thickness 29 of the tube 38, wherein preferably the thickness 193 corresponds approximately to the average wall thickness of the connection head 40. It is further provided that the ratio of the average wall thickness of the connecting head 40 and the wall thickness 29 of the tube 38 and the fixed to the terminal part 50 of the connecting head 40 rod member is designed adapted in terms of a good and secure welding of the two scaffolding elements.

It can further be provided that the connection part 50 is designed with centering lugs 197.1, 197.2, 197.3, 197.4 which extend outward beyond the abutment surface 196, whose outer surfaces 222.1, 222.2, 222.3, 222.4 span a diameter 223 which is slightly smaller than the one Inner diameter 89 of the tube 38, wherein preferably four each offset in a circumferential angle of 90 ° to each other arranged Zentrierlappen 197.1, 197.2, 197.3, 197.4 are provided. This allows for easy and precise fitting of the rod to be firmly connected to the connection head.

It is further provided that the connection part 50 has an opening 245 communicating with the wedge-receiving space 200, whose opening edges 246, 251 span an opening diameter 247, 252 of at least 60%, preferably 65 to 85% of the inner diameter 89 of the tube 38 is. As a result, an even easier and in terms of the production and the transmission of forces and moments and the connection conditions of tubular connecting elements structurally low-designed connection head is possible.

• der aus Temperguß-Werkstoff bestehende Anschlußkopf 340 ist mit einem Anschluß-Teil 350 und einem Anlage-Teil 380 gestaltet,
• der Anlage-Teil 380 hat Anlageflächen aufweisende Anlage-Wandteile zur Anlage an den Stielen 21,
• der Anschluß-Teil 350 ist fest mit einem, ein nach oben offenes Profil aufweisenden Stabelement verbunden,
• der Anschluß-Teil 350 weist eine auf die Füge- und Beanspruchungsverhältnisse sowie das Stabelement angepaßt gestaltete Anschlagfläche 396 zur Anlage des Stabelementes auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 340 weist einen oberen Kopfteil 344 und einen unteren Kopfteil 345 auf,
• zwischen diesen ist ein bis zum Anschluß-Teil 350 reichender, zur Anlageseite und den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen offener Schlitz 360 zum Aufstecken auf eine auf dem Stiel 21 angebrachte Lochscheibe 30 ausgebildet,
• im oberen Kopfteil 344 ist eine obere Keilöffung und im unteren Kopfteil 345 ist eine untere Keilöffnung ausgebildet, für einen durch die Keilöffnungen und die Lochscheibe 30 steckbaren, dem Verspannen der zu verbindenden Gerüstelemente dienenden Keil,
• der Anschlußkopf 340 ist in Umfangsrichtung mit Seiten-Wandteilen und nach oben und unten mit Wandteilen begrenzt, deren die Kräfte übertragende Werkstoff-Bereiche Nutzräume freilassend ausgebildet sind,
• die Seitenwandteile sind mit Vertikal-Außen-Flächen gebildet, die einen den achten Teil eines Vollkreises einnehmenden Keilwinkel einschließen,
• der Anlage-Teil 380 des Anschlußkopfes 340 weist ein mit den Anlageflächen der Anlage-Wandteile, mit den Schlitz 360 begrenzenden Schlitzflächen und mit den den Keilwinkel einschließenden Vertikal-Außenflächen gebildeten äußeren Wandflächen begrenztes Volumen auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 340 weist von den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen, den horizontalen und/oder den schrägen Außen-Flächen ausgehend unter allen Flächenbereichen mit Ausnahme von Übergangsbereichen in Ecken nach innen sich erstreckend im wesentlichen gleiche Wanddicken auf.

FIG. 12 shows a support structure-element arrangement of a space support structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or a scaffold, which is torsionally rigid with the aid of stems 21 and at least one connection head 340 having rod-shaped connecting elements 35, with the following features:

• the connecting head 340 made of malleable cast iron material is designed with a connection part 350 and a plant part 380,
• the plant part 380 has abutment surfaces having plant wall parts to rest on the stems 21,
• the connection part 350 is firmly connected to a rod element having an upwardly open profile,
• connecting part 350 has an abutment surface 396 adapted to the conditions of joining and stress as well as the rod element for abutment of the rod element,
• the connection head 340 has an upper head part 344 and a lower head part 345,
• between these a reaching to the terminal part 350, open to the plant side and the vertical outer surfaces of slot 360 for mounting on a mounted on the stem 21 perforated disc 30,
• an upper wedge opening is formed in the upper head part 344 and a lower wedge opening is formed in the lower head part 345, for a wedge which can be inserted through the wedge openings and the perforated disk 30 and serves to clamp the framework elements to be connected,
• the connection head 340 is bounded in the circumferential direction with side wall parts and upwards and downwards with wall parts whose material areas which transmit the forces are designed to be free space for utility spaces,
• the side wall parts are formed with vertical outer surfaces enclosing a wedge angle engaging the eighth part of a full circle,
• the plant part 380 of the connection head 340 has a volume bounded by the abutment surfaces of the abutment wall parts, with the slot 360 and slot surfaces formed with the outer walls enclosing the wedge angle outer wall surfaces limited volume,
• the connection head 340 has essentially the same wall thickness extending from the vertical outer surfaces, the horizontal and / or the oblique outer surfaces under all surface regions, with the exception of transitional regions in corners extending inwards.

It can be provided that the vertical outer surfaces and the associated inner wall surfaces of the upper and preferably also the lower side wall portions in the vicinity of the slots 360 substantially parallel to a wall thickness in the range of about 2.5 to 4 times the Wall thickness of the terminal head 340 fixedly connected rod element are designed. As a result, the connecting element is formed with scaffolding element parts, which are designed to be coordinated with one another in an advantageous manner with regard to the static and dynamic stresses occurring, in particular, in scaffolding.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the rod element is U-shaped profile. As a result, the connecting element provided with connection heads is suitable, in particular, as a horizontal support bar for supporting scaffolding floors provided with claws.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the connection part 350 of the connection head 340 is formed with an upwardly open U-profile 353. This facilitates assembly and allows better accessibility when welding the connection head with the profile rod element.

It can further be provided that the connection part 350 is designed with centering lugs 397.1, 397.2 extending outwardly beyond the abutment surface 396, wherein preferably two horizontally spaced centering lugs 397.1, 397.2 are provided whose outer surfaces 398.1, 398.2 are at a distance from one another is slightly smaller than the distance between the opposite inner surfaces of the side legs of the U-shaped rod element. Alternatively, or together with the above measures can be provided that the connection part 350 is designed with a slightly over the abutment surface 396 rising circumferential centering collar 390. These measures allow easy and accurate installation of firmly connected to the connection head profiled rod element.

The following is an important part of the description:
The support structure element arrangement is formed with the connecting element (35), which has the wedge-shaped connection head (40.1, 40.2) with horizontal slot for attachment to a, on the stem (21) mounted perforated disc (30). The connection head (40.1, 40.2) has wedge openings (152) for the wedge (41) which can be inserted through the latter and through the perforated disc (30). The existing of malleable cast iron connection head (40.1, 40.2) has the plant part (80) and the connection part (50). The plant part (80) has the plant surfaces (84) having plant-wall parts (51) for engagement with the stem (21). The connection head (40.1, 40.2) is limited in the circumferential direction with the, the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2) having side wall parts (46.1, 46.2) and up and down with other outer wall surfaces having wall portions whose forces transmitting material areas are formed with the release of utility rooms. The connection part (50) is firmly connected to a rod element. This is in particular a tube (38), but it can also be provided a U-shaped bar or a hinged to the connection head (40.1, 40.2) connected diagonal bar. Starting from the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2), starting from the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2), the horizontal and / or oblique outer surfaces extend essentially in all wall thicknesses under all surface regions, with the exception of transitional regions in the corners.

Claims (4)

1. Support structure element arrangement of a three-dimensional framework, particularly of a rostrum, platform or stand, which is constructed in torsionally stiff manner with the help of posts (21) and rod-shaped connecting elements (35) having at least one connecting head (40, 340, 440), wherein the connecting head (40, 340, 440) is formed with a connecting part (50, 350, 450) and a bearing part (80, 380, 480) with bearing wall parts (51, 52), which have bearing surfaces (84, 85), for bearing against the posts (21), and in which the connecting head (40, 340, 444), which consists of annealed cast-iron material, is bounded in circumferential direction by side wall parts (46, 47) and upwardly and downwardly by wall parts (122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129), the force-transmitting material regions of which are formed to leave free useful spaces, and the side wall parts (46, 47) are formed with vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2), which include a wedge angle (79) occupying the eighth part of a complete circle, and the connecting head (40, 340, 440) has an upper head part (44, 344, 444) and a lower head part (45, 345, 445), which are integrally connected together and formed between these is a slot (60, 360, 460), which reaches to the connecting part (50, 350, 450) and is open towards the bearing side and the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2), for plugging onto an apertured disc (30) mounted on the rod-shaped stand element, particularly a post (21), and formed in the upper head part (44, 344, 444) is an upper wedge opening (152) and in the lower head part (45, 345, 445) a lower wedge opening (137) for a wedge (41) which is insertable through the wedge openings (152, 137) and the apertured disc (30) and which serves for tightening the stand elements to be connected, and wherein the bearing part (80, 380, 480) of the connecting head (40, 340, 440) has a volume bounded by the bearing surfaces (84, 85) of the bearing wall parts (51, 52), by slot surfaces (61, 62, 63) bounding the slot (60, 360, 460) and by outer wall surfaces formed by vertical outer surfaces (72, 73) including the wedge angle (79), characterised in that the specific volume - which is formed by the ratio of the volume, which is bounded by the outer wall surfaces and by an inner notional surface between connecting part (50, 350, 450) and bearing part (80, 380, 480), and the mass of the bearing part (80, 380, 480) of the connecting head (40, 340, 440) - of the connecting head (40, 340, 440) is at least 1.2 times, preferably 1.3 to 2.0 times, the specific volume of the bearing part, which consists of solid material, of the connecting head (40, 340, 440).
2. Support structure element arrangement of a three-dimensional framework according to claim 1, characterised in that the notional surface between the connecting part (50, 350, 450) and the bearing part (80, 280, 480) is formed by a vertical plane (240) contacting the slot surfaces (63.1, 63.2).
3. Support structure element arrangement of a three-dimensional framework according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the connecting part (50, 350) has an abutment surface (196, 396) for contact of the rod-shaped connecting element (35) fixedly connectible therewith and preferably the specific volume - which is formed by the ratio of the volume, which is bounded by the outer wall surfaces inclusive of the abutment surface (196, 396), and the mass of the connecting head (40, 340) - of the connecting head (40, 340) is at least 1.2 times, preferably 1.3 to 2.0 times, the specific volume of the connecting head consisting of solid material.
4. Support structure element arrangement of a three-dimensional framework according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the connecting head (40, 340, 440) has, going out from the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2) and the horizontal and/or inclined outer surfaces (146, 147; 176, 177), substantially the same wall thicknesses extending inwardly at all surface regions with the exception of transition regions in the corners.

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