EP0936327A1 - System of elements of supporting structure of a three-dimensional framework - Google Patents

Abstract

The support structure has a locking unit (35) with the locking head (40.1) with a horizontal slit to be secured to a perforated disk (30) on the pole (21). The locking head (40.1) has wedge openings (152) for an inserted wedge (41). The locking head (40.1), of malleable cast iron, has a laying section (80) and connector (50). The laying section (80) has walls (51) with surfaces to bear against the pole (21). The locking head (40.1) is contained within the surfaces of side walls (46.1,46.2) and upper and lower walls, with the forces transferred between them through working zones. The locking head (40.1) is locked to a rod, and especially a tube (38), or the connection can be through a bolt with a U-profile or a diagonal linkage rod. The sections of the locking head (40.1) have walls of the same thickness.

Description

The invention relates to a support structure element arrangement Space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or Scaffolding that with the help of stems and at least a connecting rod-shaped Connection elements is designed torsionally rigid.

For the connection to vertical scaffold posts are on these Horizontal disks with through holes for wedges known. Rod elements are connected via the disks Connection heads plugged in. Taking into account the intended use and manufacture are expedient malleable cast iron heads used, which are suitable for welding with steel pipes. There are different designs of such connection heads, for example according to DE-OS 39 34 857.

The connection head is the element in a scaffold, which at Most often, rod scaffolds equipped with connection nodes or almost the most common. Because of this connection head all forces of the respective connecting element in the Vertical rod and the other rods are introduced comes to him also of paramount importance to user safety. Manufacturing optimization and usage optimization are Requirements for every technical component. To a connection head of a scaffold, they are put to a special degree.

Because of the complicated situation with regard to the application of force and transfer and the tension within of the connection head depending on the applied forces, which too be dynamic and can change frequently Knowledge and insights into this element only with great Effort in the practical application of scaffolding gained expertise and skill to create new ones Use detailed solutions.

The invention has for its object the connection heads of Fasteners in terms of several conditions on material costs, weight, manufacturing times, Manufacturing expenses and operating expenses also at different loads and in terms of Space structures occurring stress conditions, force and Torque transmission ratios and load functions of Fasteners cheaper for most purposes design than previous connection heads of connecting elements.

• der aus Temperguß-Werkstoff bestehende Anschlußkopf ist mit einem Anschluß-Teil und einem Anlage-Teil gestaltet,
• der Anschluß-Teil ist fest mit einem Stabelement verbunden,
• der Anlage-Teil hat Anlageflächen aufweisende Anlage-Wandteile zur Anlage an den Stielen,
• der Anschlußkopf weist einen oberen Kopfteil und einen unteren Kopfteil auf,
• zwischen diesen ist ein bis zum Anschluß-Teil reichender, zur Anlageseite und den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen offener Schlitz zum Aufstecken auf eine auf dem Stiel angebrachte Lochscheibe ausgebildet,
• im oberen Kopfteil ist eine obere Keilöffung und im unteren Kopfteil ist eine untere Keilöffnung ausgebildet, für einen durch die Keilöffnungen und die Lochscheibe steckbaren, dem Verspannen der zu verbindenden Gerüstelemente dienenden Keil,
• der Anschlußkopf ist in Umfangsrichtung mit Seiten-Wandteilen und nach oben und unten mit Wandteilen begrenzt, deren die Kräfte übertragende Werkstoff-Bereiche Nutzräume freilassend ausgebildet sind,
• die Seitenwandteile sind mit Vertikal-Außen-Flächen gebildet, die einen den achten Teil eines Vollkreises einnehmenden Keilwinkel einschließen,
• der Anschlußkopf weist von den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen, den horizontalen und/oder den schrägen Außen-Flächen ausgehend unter allen Flächenbereichen mit Ausnahme von Übergangsbereichen in Ecken nach innen sich erstreckend im wesentlichen gleiche Wanddicken auf.

In addition to the features listed above, the following features are provided to achieve this object

• the connection head made of malleable cast iron material is designed with a connection part and a system part,
• the connection part is firmly connected to a rod element,
• the system part has system wall parts with system surfaces for contact with the stems,
• the connection head has an upper head part and a lower head part,
• a slot extending to the connection part and open to the contact side and the vertical outer surfaces is formed between these for plugging onto a perforated disc attached to the stem,
• an upper wedge opening is formed in the upper head part and a lower wedge opening is formed in the lower head part, for a wedge which can be inserted through the wedge openings and the perforated disc and serves to tension the scaffolding elements to be connected,
• the connection head is delimited in the circumferential direction with side wall parts and upwards and downwards with wall parts, the force-transmitting material areas of which are designed to leave usable spaces,
• the side wall parts are formed with vertical outer surfaces which enclose a wedge angle taking up the eighth part of a full circle,
• starting from the vertical outer surfaces, the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces, the connection head has essentially the same wall thicknesses extending under all surface regions with the exception of transition regions in corners.

It can be provided that the vertical outer surfaces and the assigned inner wall surfaces of the top and preferably also the lower side wall parts in the vicinity of the slots essentially parallel with a wall thickness are designed. These measures make it easier to deal with a support-surface structure formed connection head. Furthermore, a scaffold element with a particular structurally favorable in terms of production technology and load formed connection head possible.

It can further be provided that the rod element is tubular, in particular with an outer diameter, a Inner diameter and a tube having a wall thickness is trained. This allows for connection heads with designed tubular rod or profile elements Connection elements an improved wall or part-wall design of the connection head having usable spaces.

It can also be provided that the stems are made of steel round tubes are, with a stem outer radius and a wall thickness and where the wall thickness of the side wall parts in the range of about 20 to 30% of the stem outer radius and / or in the range of 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness of the handle is designed. It can also be provided be that the wall thickness in the range of 2.5 to 4 times the Wall thickness of the rod element connected to the connection head and / or in the range of about 10 to 16% of the outside diameter of the tube is designed. By means of such Fasteners is the advantageous structure of an entire Scaffolding with regard to, especially with scaffolding occurring static and dynamic loads as well Power and torque transmission relationships to each other Scaffold parts designed to match.

It can also be provided that the connection part one with the Wedge-receiving space communicating opening whose Opening edges span an opening diameter that at least 60%, preferably 65 to 85% of the inner diameter of the Tube is. This makes it even easier and in terms of on the production and transmission of forces and moments as well as the connection conditions of tubular connecting elements structurally favorable connection head possible.

It can also be provided that the rod element with a profile open to the top, in particular a U-profile is. This enables connection heads with Support profiles designed connecting elements, such as Horizontal support bars, an improved wall or partial wall design of the connection head having usable spaces.

It can also be provided that the connection part one on the Joining and stress conditions as well as the bar element specially designed stop surface for contacting the rod element having.

It can also be provided that the connection part in the area the stop surface has a thickness which is approximately the wall thickness of the bar element and preferably about the average Wall thickness of the connection head corresponds. This enables one simple and safe welding of the two scaffolding elements.

It can also be provided that the connection part is a joint part has, which is pivotable with the rod element, in particular a diagonal bar is connected. This is for Connection heads of articulated connecting elements improved wall or partial wall design of the utility rooms having connection head possible.

It can also be provided that the joint part with a Articulated bracket at an angle of 135 ° to one of the handle axis pointing center line of the connection head is formed. This enables especially if four are perpendicular to each other arranged perforations of the perforated disks with horizontal Bar elements, such as horizontal support bars, longitudinal bars, Crossbars or lattice girders are claimed, the Connection of additional stiffening of the space structure Diagonal struts.

It can also be provided that the distances of the upper end the upper contact surface and the lower end of the lower Contact surface of the the slot at half the height Slot width intersecting horizontal plane are the same size, preferably the upper contact surface and the lower Contact area are the same size. The symmetrical arrangement of the Contact surfaces relative to that in the horizontal slot by means of the Wedge clamped perforated disc enables a uniform Distribution of static and dynamic forces and moments favorable material utilization. Furthermore, this is one for In exceptional cases, possible mounting of the connection head rotated by 180 ° reachable.

Further details, advantages, features and aspects of the Invention result from the following based on the Drawings part of the description.

Fig. 1

die schematische Schrägansicht eines Teils eines Gerüstes mit Anschlußköpfe aufweisenden Gerüstelementen, die gemäß der weiteren Figuren nach der Erfindung gestaltet sind;

Fig. 2

einen Teil-Horizontalschnitt im Bereich eines Anschlußknotens mit Draufsicht auf eine Lochscheibe sowie zwei Anschlußköpfe mit Keilen, wobei einer der Anschlußköpfe teilweise mit dem zugehörigen Gerüstrohr geschnitten ist;

Fig. 3

einen Vertikalschnitt im Bereich eines Anschlußknotens, wobei der Anschlußkopf und die ihn umgebenden Bereiche dargestellt sind;

Fig. 4

die Seitenansicht eines Anschlußkopfes;

Fig. 5

die stielseitige Vorderansicht eines Anschlußkopfes;

Fig. 6

die rohrseitige Rückansicht eines Anschlußkopfes;

Fig. 7

die Oberansicht eines Anschlußkopfes gemäß dem Pfeil 7 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 8

einen Horizontalschnitt durch den Anschlußkopf gemäß der Pfeile 8-8 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 9

die Unteransicht eines Anschlußkopfes gemäß dem Pfeil 9 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 10

einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Anschlußkopf gemäß der Pfeile 10-10 in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Anschlußkopfes mit einer für Gerüstrohre günstigen Anschluß-Element-Gestaltung;

Fig. 12

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Anschlußkopfes mit einer für U-Profil-Stäbe, wie Horizontalriegel, günstigen Anschluß-Element-Gestaltung;

Fig. 13

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Anschlußkopfes mit einer für Diagonalverstrebungen günstigen Anschluß-Element-Gestaltung.

An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawings. It shows

Fig. 1

the schematic oblique view of part of a scaffold with scaffolding elements having connection heads, which are designed according to the other figures according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a partial horizontal section in the area of a connection node with a plan view of a perforated disc and two connection heads with wedges, one of the connection heads being partially cut with the associated scaffold tube;

Fig. 3

a vertical section in the area of a connection node, the connection head and the areas surrounding it are shown;

Fig. 4

the side view of a connection head;

Fig. 5

the stem-side front view of a connection head;

Fig. 6

the tube-side rear view of a connection head;

Fig. 7

the top view of a connection head according to arrow 7 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 8

a horizontal section through the connection head according to arrows 8-8 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 9

the bottom view of a connection head according to arrow 9 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 10

a vertical section through the connection head according to arrows 10-10 in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11

a three-dimensional representation of a connection head with a favorable connection element design for scaffolding tubes;

Fig. 12

a three-dimensional representation of a connection head with a U-profile rods, such as horizontal bars, favorable connection element design;

Fig. 13

a three-dimensional representation of a connection head with a favorable connection element design for diagonal struts.

The scaffold 20 according to FIG. 1 forms a space structure with vertical Posts 21, horizontal bars 22, diagonal bars 23, horizontal support bars 24 and scaffolding floors 25, which are made with the help of Suspension means, in particular suspension claws 26 on the Horiozontal support bars 24 are attached. The stems 21 are supported on height-adjustable feet 27 on the floor. The Stems 21 can also be short rod elements of consoles, Lattice girders or other space structure elements. In one are the distance 28 corresponding to the basic framework grid Connection elements in the form of perforated disks 30 on the stems 21 attached by means of weld seams 33. Such perforated disks 30 can with the illustrated, but also with differently shaped Holes and additional auxiliary devices. In this preferred embodiment, are different large holes 31 formed.

Scaffolding elements or connecting elements 35, e.g. the Horizontal bars 22 and the horizontal support bars 24 are on the to connect smaller holes 31.1. To be connected diagonally Connectors 35, e.g. the diagonal bars 23 are on to connect the larger holes 31.2. The fasteners 35 are mainly horizontal bars 22, horizontal support bars 24 and diagonal bars 23. These can be used depending on their purpose have different lengths. Horizontal bars 22 can also 1, can be used as a railing 37.

As the other drawings show, the connecting elements 35 with also as elongated rod parts or Scaffold tubes designated cylindrical tubes 38 formed are welded to the connection heads 40. Instead of circular cylindrical tubes 38 can also be different designed support elements are used. For example also with horizontal support bars designed with open U-profiles 24 or with or without joint parts with the connection heads connected diagonal bars 23 may be provided. The Connection heads 40 are arranged horizontally over the Perforated discs 30 inserted and by means of the wedges 41, which by corresponding wedge openings 137, 152 and the holes 31 of the Perforated disks 30 are guided, fixed there.

The wedges 41 have loss protection in the lower end region a protruding pin or rivet 42. A side one Recess 43 is designed so that the wedge 41 in the pulled up position parallel to the tube 38.

Each connection head 40 has a system part 80 with an upper one Head part 44 and a lower head part 45 and has one ring-shaped connection part 50. The connection head 40 is symmetrical to that of the stem axis 53 and the tube axis 54 containing vertical symmetry plane 55 (FIG. 7). The upper head part 44 has the height 56 and has - as in the 4 and 5 numbered most clearly - the upper side wall parts 46.1, 46.2, the upper wall part 48 and the upper Plant wall part 51. The lower head part 45 is with the lower side wall parts 47.1, 47.2, the lower wall part 49 and the lower contact wall part 52 and has the height 57 on, which corresponds to height 56 here. Each connector head 40 has a height 58 (FIG. 4) and a depth 59 (FIG. 9). The distances 65 and 75 between the normal to the vertical symmetry plane 55 and horizontal plane 90 and the slot center upper end 67 of the upper contact surface 84 and the lower end 88 of the lower contact surface 85 is due to the symmetry of the Connection head 40 each half the height 58 of the Connection head 40.

Between the upper side wall parts 46.1, 46.2 and the lower Side wall parts 47.1, 47.2, the slot 60 is arranged, the serves to receive the perforated disc 30, via which the connection head 40 for fastening the connecting elements connected to it 35 is inserted.

The one in a plane parallel to the vertical symmetry plane 55 running slice 60 of rectangular shape is through the upper slot surfaces 61.1, 61.2 and the lower Slotted areas 62.1, 62.2 limited. These run each time parallel to each other and are parallel to the tube axis 54 as well formed normal to the vertical symmetry plane 55. To the Connection part 50 is the slot 60 through the vertical Slotted surfaces 63.1, 63.2 limited, which are also parallel to each other in a common plane and each perpendicular to the upper and lower slot surfaces 61, 62 are trained. The transitions between the horizontal, upper slot surfaces 61, 62 and the vertical slot surfaces 63 are each rounded with the radius 64, the here about 36% of the wall thickness 82 of the upper or lower Side wall parts 46 and 47 in the area of the slot 60 is.

The slot width 68 is slightly larger than the thickness 69 of the Perforated disc 30. This dimension applies in particular to that for tube 38 lying bottom of the slot 60. But it can also be provided that the slot width 68 to the insertion end extended to improve insertion and alignment.

The upper and lower side wall parts 46, 47 are in essentially wedge-like on the stem and disc center 71 tapered. They each have the upper vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2 the lower vertical outer surfaces 73.1, 73. 2 and each triangular in the outer contour trained upper transition surfaces 74.1, 74.2 and lower Transition areas 76.1, 76.2. The side wall parts 46 or 47 assigned upper and lower vertical outer surfaces 72 and 73 each lie in a common axis of the stem 53 containing plane 77.1, 77.2 and are around the wedge angle 79 offset from each other around the stem and disc center 71 arranged (Fig. 7). The wedge angle 79 is exactly 45 °, so that up to eight connection heads 40 can be mounted on a perforated disk 30 are. However, the wedge angle 79 can also be used for this purpose be less than 45 °.

The upper vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2 and the lower Vertical outer surfaces 73.1, 73.2 of the upper side wall parts 46.1, 46.2 and the lower side wall parts 47.1, 47.2 the slightly recessed wall areas 230.1, 230.2 and 231.1, 231.2. Their transition contours to the Vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2 point to the Outer contours or the outer boundary surfaces of the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2 each have a distance 232 on the approximately the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46 and 47 corresponds in the area of the slot 60. The wall surface areas 230.1, 230.2; 231.1, 231.2 are parallel to the associated ones Vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2 trained and sunk inwards by a depth that is about 14% the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46 and 47 in the area of Slot 60 corresponds. The recessed wall areas 230.1, 230.2; 231.1, 231.2 form convenient to use Recessed grips and facilitate the location fixation and that Gripping the connection heads 40 during manufacture.

The upper side wall parts 46.1, 46.2 and the lower side wall parts 47.1, 47.2 are in the area of their upper vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2 or lower vertical outer surfaces 73.1, 73.2 with essentially parallel to them inwards staggered upper inner wall surfaces 81.1, 81.2 or lower inner wall surfaces 82.1, 82.2 designed and have the Wall thickness 83, which here is about 20 to 30% of the stem outer radius 87 and / or 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness 32 the stem is 21.

The upper and lower side wall part 46 and 47 goes on the System side in the upper or lower system wall part 51 or 52 over. The system wall parts 51, 52 have the upper or lower, concave and aligned with each other upper and lower contact surfaces 84, 85. The outer radius 86 the contact surfaces 84, 85 corresponds to the stem outer radius 87. As a result, the connection head 40 is in the assembled state form-fitting on the stem outer radius 87 and the wall thickness 32 having stem 21. The upper and lower contact surface 84, 85 are each rectangular in the outer contour designed, advantageously both contact surfaces 84, 85th the same size or about the same size and with the same size symmetrical to that parallel to the slot surfaces 61, 62 in height half the slot width 68 of the horizontal plane 90 are designed. The contact surfaces 84, 85 accordingly have both the same width 91 and the same height 92.1 or 92.2. These measures result in a low surface pressure optimal power transmission from the connection head 40 to the handle 21 possible, both with regard to downwards and downwards static and / or dynamic bending forces or Tilt moment forces, as well as static and / or dynamically occurring torsional forces.

The arc length 93 of the contact surfaces 84, 85 is in each of the Connection heads 40, 40.1, 40.2 chosen just so large that they taking into account the radii 181 the product of the stem outer radius 87 and the wedge angle 79 in radians. This results in a maximum width 91 of the contact surfaces 84, 85 given so that the surface pressure between connection head 40 and Handle 21 is further minimized and also on the connection head 40th lateral or torsional forces that occur due to positive locking Support of the connection head 40 on the stem 21 securely in this be transferred. In addition, they are supported side by side on the Perforated disk 30 arranged connection heads 40 mutually optimal on their mutually facing vertical outer surfaces 72, 73, so that the occurring at the connection head 40 side or Torsional forces due to the structure structure that forms additionally collected over a large area or on the stem 21 be transferred.

The upper and lower contact wall parts 51, 52 each have a rectangular opening 94, 95 on that of the upper and lower contact surface 84, 85 is delimited and which have a width 107 and a height 108. The plant wall parts 51, 52 have the inner vertical wedge stop surfaces 96.1, 96.2, 96.3, 96.4, which in a common, parallel to the contact surfaces 84, 85 Level 97 are arranged. At these wedge stop surfaces 96.1, 96.2, 96.3, 96.4 lies when the wedge 41 is driven in front stop edge 98 even and full, while the rear contact edge 109 on the inside stop surface 34 the outer edge of the perforated disc 30 abuts so that the holding and Support forces evenly and safely across the top and the lower contact wall part 51, 52 and its contact surfaces 84, 85 be transferred to the stem 21. In the area of the contact surfaces 84, 85, the system wall parts 51, 52 have the wall thickness 99 (Fig.9), which here advantageously about 115% of the wall thickness Is 83.

The system wall parts 51, 52 are each with the insertion wall parts 100, 101 formed, which by the angle 102, 103 outer flat inclined surfaces 104 inclined towards slot 60, 105, wherein in the present embodiment Angles 102, 103 are the same size and each slightly larger are as the eighth part of a full circle. The result formed recess 106 enables easy attachment of the connection head 40 on the perforated disc 30 and a safe Installation of the contact surfaces 84, 85 on the stick 21.

The upper and lower side wall parts 46, 47 go in the area the vertical slot surface 63 in the connection part 50 over and are there forming the parallel to the vertical symmetry plane 55 (FIG. 5) extending circle segment surface 111 cut. The arc delimiting the circular segment surface 111 112 and the vertical one containing the vertical slot surface 63 running chord 113 intersect at the upper intersection 114 and the lower intersection 115. Hypotenuse 117 der triangular upper transition surface 74 of the upper side wall part 46 extends from the upper intersection 114 diagonally upwards up to the upper corner on the system side 118 of the connection head 40. The shorter cathete 119 of the upper Transition surface 74 is at the transition through transition edge 121 to the top, parallel to the horizontal slot surfaces 61, 62 extending upper horizontal wall part 122 of the upper wall part 48 formed, the length 123 of the transition edge 121 approximately the Height of the upper contact surface 84 corresponds. The longer cathete 124 of the upper transition surface 74 is through the transition edge 126 to the part-spherical upper transition wall part 127 of the Upper wall portion 48 formed.

The lower triangular transition surface 76 (Fig. 4) is for lower contact surface 85 bounded by their hypotenuse 131. Starting from the lower intersection 115, this runs obliquely down to the front to the lower wall part 49 and cuts it at intersection 132. It points from the lower contact surface 85 a distance 133 which corresponds to the distance 136 (FIG. 10) vertical wedge abutment surface 96.4 of the lower Wedge opening 137 corresponds to the lower contact surface 85. The shorter cathete 138 of the lower transition surface 76 runs starting from the upper intersection 115 diagonally down to the front to intersection 139 or the intersection of the lower wall part 49 with the part-spherical lower transition wall part 141. Die longer catheter 142 of the lower transition surface 76 is with the lower transition edge 143 at the transition to the horizontal, parallel to the slot surfaces 61, 62 extending lower wall part 49 formed.

The upper wall part 48 is on the system side with the upper horizontal wall part 122 (Fig. 5 above) and to the connection part 50 with the Partially spherical upper transition wall part 127 is formed. Of the upper horizontal wall portion 122 and transition wall portion 127 have the outer surfaces 146 and 147 as well as and each parallel to these inner surfaces 148 and 149 (Fig. 10). The upper horizontal wall part 122 and the Transition wall part 127 essentially have a thickness 150 which is approximately half the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46, 47 in the area of the slot 60. In the area of the upper system wall part 51, the wall thickness 151 is slight larger and is about 65% of the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46, 47.

In the upper wall part 48 is the upper rectangular wedge opening 152 is provided, which is symmetrical to the vertical symmetry plane 55 (Fig. 7) is designed. It is with the vertical wedge stop surface 96.1 formed and has a distance 153 of parallel wedge support surfaces 154, 155 corresponding width 156 on (Fig. 9). This is slightly larger than the wedge thickness 157, so that the wedge 41 can be guided without hindrance is. The vertical wedge stop surface 96.1 of the upper one Wedge opening 152 is normal to vertical symmetry plane 55 and formed normal to the horizontal plane 90 (Fig. 9) and has a distance 158 (FIG. 10) from the upper contact surface 84, which is the same as the distance 136 of the lower wedge stop surface 96.4 from the lower contact surface 85.

The upper transition wall portion 127 and the lower transition wall portion 141 (Figs. 4 and 6) are also good in terms of Accessibility of the weld seam region 159 of the annular bead 160 (Fig. 8) of the connecting part 50 to the rear accordingly Pipe axis 54 beveled and designed partially spherical. The Partially spherical design of the upper transition wall part 127 means at the same time the advantage that granular substances for Example sand, not on the surface 161 of the assembled Terminal head 40 remain. This avoids the risk of Clamping or damage to the surface of the contact surfaces 84, 85 and stem outer surface 162 (Fig. 3). Furthermore, thereby contamination of freshly painted or directed walls avoided.

The lower wall part 49 (Fig. 4) is parallel to the Slotted surfaces 61, 62 extending, lower horizontal wall part 171 (FIG. 10) and the lower transition wall part 141. The lower wedge opening 137 (FIGS. 9 and 10) provided which is essentially a rectangular shape Has. It has a length of 173 and a width of 174. Your Hole edges are on both sides of the lower wedge stop surface 96.4 towards the vertical symmetry plane 55 with the Sloping surfaces 186.1, 186.2 bevelled to a Support centering of the wedge 41. The lower wedge opening 137 of the connection head 40 has a pushing through the lower, the rivet 42 having end 36 of the wedge 41 and one inserting the upper drive end 70 of the wedge 41 one arranged below, not shown in the figures Connection head enabling hole edge design. This enables easy handling and safe stacking of the Connection heads of connecting elements also during transport. To also bears the advantageous design, especially the upper one Outer surfaces including the upper horizontal wall portion 122 and the lower horizontal wall part 171 at.

The lower horizontal wall part 171 and the transition wall part 141 of the lower wall part 49 have the outer surfaces 176, 177 and the inner surfaces 178, 179 parallel to this. As a result, the Under-wall part 49 essentially the wall thickness 180. This corresponds to the wall thickness 150 of the upper wall part 48 and is here also about half the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46, 47. In the area of the lower contact wall part 52 the wall thickness 184 (FIG. 10) is slightly larger and is approximately 65% of the wall thickness 83 of the side wall parts 46, 47.

All transitions between the side wall parts 46, 47 and upper and lower system wall parts 51, 52 and between this and the upper and lower wall part 48, 49 and between the side wall parts 46, 47 and the part-spherical Transition wall parts 127, 141 are each with the radius 181 rounded design, which here about 30% of the wall thickness 83 of Side wall parts 46, 47. The upper and the lower Transitional wall part 127 and 141 go in the areas of rear pipe-side opening edges 182, 183 of the upper or lower wedge opening 152 or 137 and the side wall parts 46, 47 go in the areas of the vertical slot surfaces 63.1, 63.2 in the annular bead 160 of the connecting part 50 via.

This has one in connection with the wedge receiving space 200 standing opening 245, the opening edges 246, 251 one Open 247, 252, which is 70 or 80% of the inner diameter 89 of the tube 38. Here are the here straight opening edges 246.1, 246.2, 246.3, 246.4 to the inner facing surfaces of the centering tabs 197.1, 197.2, 197.3, Assigned to 197.4, while the segmental segment Opening edges 252.1, 252.2, 252.3, 252.4 each in Circumferential direction between the centering tabs 197.1, 197.2, 197.3, 197.4 lying areas of the annular bead 160 are assigned.

The connection part 50 has at its tubular end 194 inclined annular surface 195 towards the tube axis 54. The Oblique ring surface 195 is limited by the annular vertical stop surface 196 which is normal to the horizontal plane 90 and runs normal to the vertical symmetry plane 55. The Ring bead 160 is in the area between the circular segment surface 111, the upper and lower outer surfaces 147 and 144 of the Transition wall parts 127 and 141 and the oblique ring surface 195 with the partial circular segment-shaped outer surfaces 134 and 140 of the rear transition wall parts 128 and 129 designed (Fig. 4 and 6). The oblique ring surface 195 has the width 211, the Outside diameter 198 and inside diameter 199 (FIG. 4), which is slightly smaller than the tube outer diameter 39 of Tube 38 and is used in the manner of a V-seam design Picking up the weld metal.

To center the tube 38, the annular bead 160 has the four offset each other by an angle of 90 ° Centering tabs 197.1, 197.2, 197.3, 197.4. Their in essentially cylindrically curved outer surfaces 222.1, 222.2, 222.3, 222.4 lie on a circle with a diameter of 223. This corresponds to the inner diameter 224 of the tube 38, so that the connection head 40 with its centering tab 197 in the tube 38 inserted in the center and then welded to it can be.

The connection head 40 also has the inside as a useful space designated wedge receiving space 200 (Fig.6), which in a cutting plane parallel to the horizontal plane 90 in is shaped like an isosceles trapezoid (Fig. 8). The trapezoidal base 201 is on the tube side through the normal Vertical symmetry plane 55 and normal to the horizontal plane 90 extending inner surfaces 202 of the connecting part 50 are formed. The two symmetrical to the vertical symmetry plane 55 inner wall surfaces 81, 82 of the side wall parts 46, 47 form the trapezoidal sides 203.1, 203.2 and the vertical wedge stop surfaces 96 of the system wall parts 51, 52 form the upper one Trapezoid baseline 204. The trapezoid corners are 206, 207, 208, 209 well-designed to ensure low-tension power transmission enable.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 8 and 10, is in the range the pipe-side end 213 of the upper wedge opening 152 of the protruding inside, the wedge receiving space 200 parallel to the Support web 214 passing through slot surfaces 61, 62 is formed. Its cross section 216 can also be seen in FIG. 10. Of the is in the wedge receiving space 200 projecting support web part 217 wing-shaped with an upper angle of inclination 218 educated. This corresponds to the wedge angle 110 between the front stop edge 98 and the lower contact edge 109 of the Wedge 41, the recess 43 to the end 70 impact limited. As a result, the wedge 41 can be pulled out on the interior boundary surface 226 of the support web 214 space-saving and easy to transport. The in Wedge receiving space 200 lying tip 219 points from the upper vertical wedge stop surface 96.1 a distance 221. Of the Support web 214 serves on the one hand as a support for the wedge 41, if the connection head 40 is disassembled, and on the other hand for integral structural stiffening with structurally more favorable Design of the connection head 40.

The connection heads 40, 340, 440 are designed in such a way that an increased compared to the previously known connection heads have specific volume. This characteristic is used and determined especially in lightweight construction technology by the ratio of the volume and mass of a Molded body. The larger the specific volume, the more the mass is less with the same volume or the larger is the volume with the same mass. In the above Terminal heads 40, 340, 440 will increase the specific Volume achieved in that the mass of the connection heads 40, 340, 440 essentially in the edge areas of the connection heads is concentrated so that one in terms of transmission, structurally favorable, in particular of bending and torsional forces designed connection head with simple manufacture and low Weight is allowed.

The volume of the connection heads 40, 340, 440 is in essentially by the outer wall surfaces, especially the Contact surfaces 84, 85 of the system wall parts 51, 52 that the Slot 60, 360, 460 delimiting slot surfaces 61, 62, 63 and the vertical outer surfaces 72 enclosing the wedge angle 79, 73 of the system part 80, 380, 480 limited.

If you start with an increase in the specific volume of the system part 80, 380, 480 of the connection head 40, 340, 440 off, the volume of the system part 80, 380, 480 becomes further limited by an imaginary transition area or an inner one imaginary area between the plant part 80, 380, 480 and the Connection part 50 of the connection head 40. This transition area is expediently one of the vertical slot surfaces 63.1, 63.2 Touching imaginary vertical plane 240 (Fig. 10).

In the connection heads 40, 340, in addition to the specific Volume of the plant part 80, 30 also the specific volume of the Connection part 50, 350 are enlarged so that the specific Volume of the entire connection head 40, 340 by the ratio the with the outer wall surfaces including the Of limited volume and the mass of the Connection head is formed and at least 1.2 times the specific volume of the solid material Connection head is.

Fig. 12 shows the connection head 340, which with the in cross section U-shaped horizontal support bar 24 can be connected is. It is with the connection part 350 and the system part 380 formed of the upper head part 344 and the lower head part 345 and the horizontal slot 360. Of the Plant part 380 is on with the exception of transition areas Transition to the U-shaped support bar advantageously designed connector part 350 formed the same as the connection head 40 for connecting the pipe 38.

The connection part 350 is with the upwardly open U-profile 353 with the U-shaped in the direction of the longitudinal axis Connection element designated horizontal support bar 24 extending legs 354.1, 354.2, 354.3 educated. The open U-profile 353 of the connection part 350 enables easy access to the weld light weight of the connection head 40. At the of the connection part 350 pioneering ends of the legs 354.1, 354.2, 354.3 is the circumferential centering collar 390 arranged. Its outer surfaces are designed such that the horizontal support bar 24 with its wall parts at a short distance to match the External surfaces can come to the plant.

The two side legs 354.1 and 354.2 point then the centering collar 390 each also in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the horizontal support bar 24 or its longitudinal wall parts extending centering tabs 397.1 and 397.2. Their outer surfaces 398.1 and 398.2 point a distance that is the distance between the side wall parts or the Side legs of the horizontal support bar 24 corresponds, so that easy assembly during production is possible.

In Fig. 13 is the connection head designed with a joint part 440 for the pivotable connection of a diagonal bar 23 shown. The connection head 440 has the connection part 450 and the plant part 480, which with the upper head part 444, the lower head 445 and horizontal slot 460 is trained. The attachment part 480 is with the exception of Transitional areas at the transition to that with regard to the joint part advantageously designed connection part 450 the same formed as the connection head 40 for connecting the tube 38th

The connection part 450 is with the vertical wall part 485 and Articulated bracket 490 formed. The hinge bracket 490, with the center line in relation to the axis 453 of the stem 455 of the connecting head 440, the angle 475, which here is 135 ° is. The joint plate 490 has a disk-shaped shape trained vertical end sections the parallel Outer surfaces 491 and 492. At her from the connector part 450 pioneering end 496 is the hinge bracket 490 with the radius 497 designed. The bore is concentric to the radius 497 495 provided. Its longitudinal axis is normal to the outer surfaces 491, 492 and is used to hold one with the Diagonal bar 27 connectable cylindrical bearings and Articulation element. The distance of bore 495 from the vertical wall portion 485 and its outer contour are thus one on top of the other designed so that the diagonal rod 23 starting from a center position on both sides by exactly 90 ° to the Slot plane is pivotable.

The advantageous design of the outer surfaces of the connection heads 40, 340, 440 with the spherical, beveled and rounded wall parts prevents undesired tilting of the connection heads 40, 340, 440 stacked in a transport box. This enables increased position and transport security Separation of the connection heads 40, 340, 440 and a slight Removal of the stacked connection heads 40, 340, 440.

According to a further or alternative representation of the invention the patent application (the patent) deals with a group of Inventions that are interconnected in such a way that they realize a single general inventive idea which consists of the connection heads of connecting elements under several conditions with regard to material expenditure, Weight, manufacturing times, manufacturing expenses and Operating expenses even with different loads and with regard to those occurring in space structures Stress ratios, force and torque transmission ratios as well as supporting functions of connecting elements for to make most of the purposes cheaper than previous ones Terminal heads of connecting elements. The first part of the invention group is essentially the Task based on an improved wall or part-wall design to find the connection head having usable spaces. According to a first, to solve this problem Alternative solution proposed the following features:

Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is designed with the help of stems 21 and at least one connecting head 40 having rod-shaped connecting elements 35 torsionally rigid, the connecting head 40 with a connecting part 50 and a contact Part 80 with bearing surfaces 84, 85 having plant wall parts 51, 52 is designed for bearing against the stems 21, and in which the connecting head 40 made of malleable cast iron material in the circumferential direction with side wall parts 46, 47 and up and down with wall parts 122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129 is limited, the force-transmitting material areas are designed to leave usable spaces and the side wall parts 46, 47 are formed with vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2, which one Include eighth part of a full circle wedge angle 79, and the connection head 40 an upper head part 44 and a lower has head part 45, between which a slot 60 extending to the contact side and the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 open slot 60 is formed for plugging onto a perforated disk 30 attached to the handle 21, and in the upper Head part 44 an upper wedge opening 152 and a lower wedge opening 137 are formed in the lower head part 45, for a wedge 41 which can be inserted through the wedge openings 152, 137 and the perforated disk 30 and serves to brace the scaffolding elements to be connected, and wherein the contact part 80 of the The connection head 40 has a limited volume with the contact surfaces 84, 85 of the contact wall parts 51, 52, with the slot surfaces 61, 62, 63 and the outer wall surfaces 72, 73 including the wedge angle 79,
characterized in that
the connection head 40 from the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2, the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces 146, 147; 176, 177 starting under all surface areas with the exception of transition areas in corners extending inward essentially the same wall thicknesses. As a result, the connection head is formed with a supporting surface structure. Furthermore, a scaffold element with a connection head that is structurally favorable in terms of production technology and load is possible.

It can be provided that the stems 21 have a stem outer radius 87 and a wall thickness 32 having round tubes Are steel. By means of connecting elements designed in this way the advantageous construction of an entire scaffold is possible.

Advantageously, it can be provided that the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 and the associated inner wall surfaces 81, 82 of the upper and preferably also the lower side wall parts 46,47 in the vicinity of the slots 60 substantially parallel running with a wall thickness 83 in the range of about 20 to 30 % of the stem outer radius 87 and / or in the range of 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness 32 of the stem 21 are designed.

It can also be provided that the distances 65 and 75 of the upper end 67 of the upper contact surface 84 and the lower end 88 of the lower contact surface 85 of the slot 60 in height half of the slot width 68 intersecting horizontal plane 90 are of the same size, preferably the upper contact surface 84 and the lower contact surface 85 are the same size. The symmetrical arrangement of the contact surfaces relative to that in Horizontal slot by means of the perforated disc clamped in the wedge allows an even distribution of the static and dynamic forces and moments with favorable material utilization. Furthermore, this makes assembly possible in exceptional cases of the connection head can be reached rotated by 180 °.

In addition, the contact surfaces 84, 85 can each have an arc length 93 which have the product of the stem outer radius 87 and the Wedge angle 79 corresponds to radians. This will be a minimal Surface pressure between the contact surfaces of the connection head and reached the scaffold stem.

It is also provided that the contact surfaces 84, 85 in Relation to the outer diameter of the stem 87 and the wall thickness 32 of the stem 21 are designed adapted. This is the Flexibility of the stem tube can be optimally used, so that an undesirable denting of the pipe or damage to the Connection head is prevented.

It is also provided that between the upper side wall parts 46.1, 46.2 at least one lying above the slot 60 Support web 214 preferably over the entire width of the Wedge receiving space 200 between the upper side wall parts 46.1 and 46.2 is formed. Through these measures is a Connection head of a scaffold element possible, the under optimal Material utilization with minimal weight the occurring Withstands loads safely and the effective forces and Moments transferred with certainty to the scaffold arm. Farther it is provided that the support web 214 is essentially a flat, inclined at an angle 218 Has interior boundary surface 226, the angle 218 preferably the wedge angle 110 between the front Stop edge 98 and the rear contact edge 109 of the wedge 41 corresponds. This enables the wedge to be stored in a space-saving manner on the wedge head for convenient storage and transportation of the Fasteners.

It is also provided that the oblique upper and lower Wall parts next to the wedge openings with approximately the same wall thickness in the upper and lower head part 44, 45 the fact bearing that the width of the upper wedge opening 152 is only that Wedge thickness 157 plus movement and the width of the lower wedge opening 137 at least the thickness of one in the area the lower end 36 of the wedge 41 attached captive corresponds, are formed differently.

It is also provided that the vertical side wall parts 46, 47 slightly compared to the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 have recessed wall surface areas 230, 231 which preferably transition contours to the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 have that to the outer contours of the vertical-outer surfaces 72, 73 have a distance 232 which is approximately the Wall thickness 83 of the vertical side wall parts 46, 47 corresponds. This will improve the fixation of the connection head manufacturing, better manual handling as well as a further weight savings possible.

It is also provided that the connection head 40 is symmetrical one the stem and disc center 71 and the Bisector of the vertical symmetry plane containing the wedge angle 79 55 is formed. This will make it cheaper Material utilization including tilting or turning or Torsional stresses transfer safely and evenly Connection head of a connecting element created.

It is also contemplated that the major part of the upper Outer surfaces 74.1, 74.2, 147.1, 147.2, 134.1, 134.2 in the direction bevelled on the outer edges of the connection head 40 are. This avoids the formation of annoying deposits the surface of the connection head.

It is also provided that at least one of the system wall parts 51, 52 with an inclined surface 104, 105 Insertion wall part 100, 101 is designed, the inclined surface 104, 105 to the horizontal slot surfaces 61, 62 and Slot 106 is formed inclined at an angle 102, 103. Each of the system wall parts 51, 52 is advantageously provided with inclined inclined surfaces 104, 105 insertion wall parts 100, 101 designed, at least one of the angles 102, 103 is larger than the eighth part of a full circle. The two angles 102, 103 are expediently of the same size. Through these measures, when assembling the scaffolding the connection head having connecting elements to the Punched stems make it easier to slide the Connection head on the perforated discs and therefore a simple one Assembly possible.

The second part of the invention group is essentially the The task is based on the limited volume of material with external surfaces of the connection head in the outer edge areas to arrange that the formed with the connection head Connection element manufacturing technology, load and is designed more advantageous in terms of weight.

To solve this problem, according to another preferred Embodiment of the invention provided the following features:

Support structure element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is formed with the aid of stems 21 and at least one connecting head 40, 340, 440 having rod-shaped connecting elements 35 torsionally rigid, the connecting head 40, 340, 440 with a Connection part 50, 350, 450 and a system part 80, 380, 480 with system surfaces 84, 85 having system wall parts 51, 52 designed for contact with the stems 21, and in which the connection head 40 made of malleable cast iron material , 340, 440 is limited in the circumferential direction with side wall parts 46, 47 and up and down with wall parts 122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129, the force-transmitting material areas of which are designed to leave usable spaces and the side wall parts 46, 47 are formed with vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2, which enclose a wedge angle 79 which takes up the eighth part of a full circle, and the connection ßkopf 40, 340, 440 has an upper head part 44, 344, 444 and a lower head part 45, 345, 445, between which a reaching up to the connecting part 50, 350, 450, to the contact side and the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2 , 73.1, 73.2 open slot 60, 360, 460 is designed to be plugged onto a perforated disk 30 attached to the rod-shaped framework element, in particular a handle 21, and an upper wedge opening 152 in the upper head part 44, 344, 444 and a lower wedge opening in the lower head part 45 137 are formed for a wedge 41 which can be inserted through the wedge openings 152, 137 and the perforated disk 30 and which serves to brace the scaffolding elements to be connected, and the system part 80, 380, 480 of the connection head 40, 340, 440 with the contact surfaces 84, 85 of the system wall parts 51, 52, with the slot surfaces 61, 62, 63 delimiting the slots 60, 360, 460 and with the outer wall surfaces 72, 73 forming the wedge angle 79 including the outer wall surfaces has limited volume,
characterized in that
by the ratio of the volume limited with the outer wall surfaces and with an inner imaginary surface between the connection part 50, 350, 450 and the installation part 80, 380, 480 and the mass of the installation part 80, 380, 480 of the connection head 40 , 340, 440 formed specific volume of the connection head 40, 340, 440 is at least 1.2 times, preferably 1.3 to 2.0 times the specific volume of the system part of the connection head consisting of solid material. The imaginary surface between the connection part 50, 350, 450 and the contact part 80, 280, 480 is advantageously formed with a vertical plane 240 touching the slot surfaces 63.1, 63.2. This creates a connection head of a connecting element which is easier, less expensive to manufacture and which also safely transmits loads which occur in the case of scaffolding and also at high heights.

It can be provided that the connection part 50, 350 a Stop surface 196, 396 for engaging the firmly connectable with it Has rod-shaped connecting element 35 and preferably that by the ratio of that with the outer wall surfaces including the stop surface 196, 396 of limited volume and the mass of the terminal head 40, 340 specific Volume of the connection head 40, 340 at least 1.2 times, preferably 1.3 to 2.0 times the specific volume of the connection head consisting of solid material. This enables the creation of fasteners from Space structures with a connection head in terms of Space structures occurring stress conditions, force and Torque relationships and load-bearing functions of connecting elements is more affordable.

It can further be provided that the connection head 40, 340, 440 of the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73. 2, the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces 146, 147; 176. 177 starting from all surface areas with the exception of Transition areas in corners extending inwards has substantially the same wall thickness. This enables the Creation of fasteners with a connection head further improved structure design with regard to more secure Transfer of high forces and moments.

The task lies with another part of the invention group for connecting heads with tubular rod or Profile elements designed a connecting elements improved wall or partial wall design of the utility rooms to have connecting head.

To solve this problem, according to an alternative Embodiment of the invention provided the following features:

• der aus Temperguß-Werkstoff bestehende Anschlußkopf 40 ist mit einem Anschluß-Teil 50 und einem Anlage-Teil 80 gestaltet,
• der Anlage-Teil 80 hat Anlageflächen 84, 85 aufweisende Anlage-Wandteile 51, 52 zur Anlage an den Stielen 21,
• der Anschluß-Teil 50 ist fest mit einem Stabelement, insbesondere einem Rohr 38 verbunden,
• der Anschluß-Teil 50 weist eine auf die Füge- und Beanspruchungsverhältnisse sowie das Stabelement angepaßt gestaltete Anschlagfläche 196 zur Anlage des Stabelementes auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 40 weist einen oberen Kopfteil 44 und einen unteren Kopfteil 45 auf,
• zwischen diesen ist ein bis zum Anschluß-Teil 50 reichender, zur Anlageseite und den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 offener Schlitz 60 zum Aufstecken auf eine auf dem Stiel 21 angebrachte Lochscheibe 30 ausgebildet,
• im oberen Kopfteil 44 ist eine obere Keilöffung 152 und im unteren Kopfteil 45 ist eine untere Keilöffnung 137 ausgebildet, für einen durch die Keilöffnungen 152, 137 und die Lochscheibe 30 steckbaren, dem Verspannen der zu verbindenden Gerüstelemente dienenden Keil 41,
• der Anschlußkopf 40 ist in Umfangsrichtung mit Seiten-Wandteilen 46, 47 und nach oben und unten mit Wandteilen 122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129 begrenzt, deren die Kräfte übertragende Werkstoff-Bereiche Nutzräume freilassend ausgebildet sind,
• die Seitenwandteile 46, 47 sind mit Vertikal-Außen-Flächen 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 gebildet, die einen den achten Teil eines Vollkreises einnehmenden Keilwinkel 79 einschließen,
• der Anlage-Teil 80 des Anschlußkopfes 40 weist ein mit den Anlageflächen 84, 85 der Anlage-Wandteile 51, 52, mit den Schlitz 60 begrenzenden Schlitzflächen 61, 62, 63 und mit den den Keilwinkel 79 einschließenden Vertikal-Außenflächen 72, 73 gebildeten äußeren Wandflächen begrenztes Volumen auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 40 weist von den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73. 2, den horizontalen und/oder den schrägen Außen-Flächen 146, 147; 176, 177 ausgehend unter allen Flächenbereichen mit Ausnahme von Übergangsbereichen in Ecken nach innen sich erstreckend im wesentlichen gleiche Wanddicken auf.

Support structure element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is designed with the aid of stems 21 and at least one connecting head 40 having rod-shaped connecting elements 35 with torsion-resistant, with the following features:

• the connection head 40 made of malleable cast iron material is designed with a connection part 50 and a system part 80,
• the system part 80 has system surfaces 84, 85 having system wall parts 51, 52 for contacting the stems 21,
• the connection part 50 is firmly connected to a rod element, in particular a tube 38,
• the connection part 50 has a stop surface 196, adapted to the joining and stress conditions as well as the rod element, for contacting the rod element,
• the connection head 40 has an upper head part 44 and a lower head part 45,
• a slot 60 extending to the connection part 50, to the contact side and to the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 is formed for plugging onto a perforated disk 30 attached to the handle 21,
• An upper wedge opening 152 is formed in the upper head part 44 and a lower wedge opening 137 is formed in the lower head part 45, for a wedge 41 which can be inserted through the wedge openings 152, 137 and the perforated disk 30 and serves to tension the scaffolding elements to be connected.
• the connection head 40 is bounded in the circumferential direction with side wall parts 46, 47 and upwards and downwards with wall parts 122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129, the force-transmitting material areas of which are designed to leave usable spaces,
• the side wall parts 46, 47 are formed with vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2 which enclose a wedge angle 79 which takes up the eighth part of a full circle,
• the contact part 80 of the connection head 40 has an outer surface formed with the contact surfaces 84, 85 of the contact wall parts 51, 52, with the slot 60 delimiting slot surfaces 61, 62, 63 and with the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 including the wedge angle 79 Wall space limited volume,
• the connection head 40 points from the vertical outer surfaces 72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73. 2, the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces 146, 147; 176, 177 starting from all surface areas with the exception of transition areas in corners extending inwards to essentially the same wall thicknesses.

It is provided that the vertical outer surfaces 72, 73 and the associated inner wall surfaces 81, 82 of the upper and preferably also the lower side wall portions 46,47 in Neighborhood of the slots 60 substantially parallel running with a wall thickness 83 in the range of about 10 to 16% of the outer diameter 39 of the tube 38 and / or in the area of 2.5 to 4 times the wall thickness 29 of the tube 38 are designed. As a result, the connecting element with scaffolding element parts formed with regard to scaffolding in particular occurring static and dynamic loads in are advantageously coordinated.

It is also provided that the connection part 50 in the area the stop surface 196 has a thickness 193 which is approximately the Wall thickness 29 of the tube 38 corresponds, preferably the Thickness 193 approximately the average wall thickness of the Terminal head 40 corresponds. It is also contemplated that Ratio of the average wall thickness of the connection head 40 and the wall thickness 29 of the tube 38 or the one with the connecting part 50 of the connection head 40 firmly connected rod elements in Regarding a good and safe welding of the two Scaffolding elements is designed to be adapted.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the connection part 50 with it the stop surface 196 outwardly extending centering tabs 197.1, 197.2, 197.3, 197.4 is designed, the outer surfaces 222.1, 222.2, 222.3, 222.4 span a diameter 223 which is slightly smaller than the inner diameter 89 of the tube 38, preferably four each at a circumferential angle of Centering lobes 197.1, 197.2 arranged at 90 ° to each other 197.3, 197.4 are provided. This enables easy and Precise fitting of the to be firmly connected to the connection head Bar elements.

It is also provided that the connection part 50 one with the Wedge receiving space 200 communicating opening 245 has whose opening edges 246, 251 a Span opening diameter 247, 252, which is at least 60% preferably 65 to 85% of the inner diameter 89 of the tube 38 is. This makes it even easier and in terms of Manufacturing and the transfer of forces and moments as well as the Connection conditions of tubular connecting elements structurally favorable connection head possible.

The task lies with another part of the invention group as the basis for connection heads with with hanging or support profiles designed connecting elements, such as horizontal support bars, an improved wall or part-wall design of the To find usable connection head.

To solve this problem, according to an alternative Embodiment of the invention provided the following features:

• der aus Temperguß-Werkstoff bestehende Anschlußkopf 340 ist mit einem Anschluß-Teil 350 und einem Anlage-Teil 380 gestaltet,
• der Anlage-Teil 380 hat Anlageflächen aufweisende Anlage-Wandteile zur Anlage an den Stielen 21,
• der Anschluß-Teil 350 ist fest mit einem, ein nach oben offenes Profil aufweisenden Stabelement verbunden,
• der Anschluß-Teil 350 weist eine auf die Füge- und Beanspruchungsverhältnisse sowie das Stabelement angepaßt gestaltete Anschlagfläche 396 zur Anlage des Stabelementes auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 340 weist einen oberen Kopfteil 344 und einen unteren Kopfteil 345 auf,
• zwischen diesen ist ein bis zum Anschluß-Teil 350 reichender, zur Anlageseite und den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen offener Schlitz 360 zum Aufstecken auf eine auf dem Stiel 21 angebrachte Lochscheibe 30 ausgebildet,
• im oberen Kopfteil 344 ist eine obere Keilöffung und im unteren Kopfteil 345 ist eine untere Keilöffnung ausgebildet, für einen durch die Keilöffnungen und die Lochscheibe 30 steckbaren, dem Verspannen der zu verbindenden Gerüstelemente dienenden Keil,
• der Anschlußkopf 340 ist in Umfangsrichtung mit Seiten-Wandteilen und nach oben und unten mit Wandteilen begrenzt, deren die Kräfte übertragende Werkstoff-Bereiche Nutzräume freilassend ausgebildet sind,
• die Seitenwandteile sind mit Vertikal-Außen-Flächen gebildet, die einen den achten Teil eines Vollkreises einnehmenden Keilwinkel einschließen,
• der Anlage-Teil 380 des Anschlußkopfes 340 weist ein mit den Anlageflächen der Anlage-Wandteile, mit den Schlitz 360 begrenzenden Schlitzflächen und mit den den Keilwinkel einschließenden Vertikal-Außenflächen gebildeten äußeren Wandflächen begrenztes Volumen auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 340 weist von den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen, den horizontalen und/oder den schrägen Außen-Flächen ausgehend unter allen Flächenbereichen mit Ausnahme von Übergangsbereichen in Ecken nach innen sich erstreckend im wesentlichen gleiche Wanddicken auf.

Support structure element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is formed with the aid of stems 21 and at least one connecting head 340 having rod-shaped connecting elements 35 with torsion-resistant, with the following features:

• the connection head 340 made of malleable cast iron material is designed with a connection part 350 and a system part 380,
• the system part 380 has system wall parts with system surfaces for contact with the stems 21,
• the connection part 350 is firmly connected to a rod element which has an upwardly open profile,
• the connection part 350 has a stop surface 396, designed to match the joining and stress conditions and the rod element, for the bearing of the rod element,
• the connection head 340 has an upper head part 344 and a lower head part 345,
• a slot 360 extending to the connection part 350 and open to the abutment side and the vertical outer surfaces is formed between these for plugging onto a perforated disk 30 attached to the stem 21,
• an upper wedge opening is formed in the upper head part 344 and a lower wedge opening is formed in the lower head part 345, for a wedge which can be inserted through the wedge openings and the perforated disk 30 and serves to brace the scaffolding elements to be connected,
• the connection head 340 is delimited in the circumferential direction with side wall parts and upwards and downwards with wall parts, the force-transmitting material areas of which are designed to leave usable spaces,
• the side wall parts are formed with vertical outer surfaces which enclose a wedge angle taking up the eighth part of a full circle,
• the contact part 380 of the connection head 340 has a volume limited by the contact surfaces of the contact wall parts, the slot surfaces delimiting the slot 360 and the outer wall surfaces formed by the vertical outer surfaces including the wedge angle,
• starting from the vertical outer surfaces, the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces, the connection head 340 has essentially the same wall thicknesses extending under all surface regions with the exception of transition regions in corners.

It can be provided that the vertical outer surfaces and the assigned inner wall surfaces of the top and preferably also the lower side wall parts in the vicinity of the slots 360 essentially parallel with a wall thickness in Range of about 2.5 to 4 times the wall thickness of the with the Connection head 340 rigidly connected rod elements are designed. As a result, the connecting element with scaffolding element parts formed with regard to scaffolding in particular occurring static and dynamic loads in are advantageously coordinated.

It can also be provided that the rod element has a U-shaped profile is trained. This makes it suitable for connection heads provided connecting element in particular as a horizontal support bar for supporting scaffold floors provided with claws.

It can further be provided that the connection part 350 of the Connection head 340 with an upwardly open U-profile 353 is formed. This facilitates assembly and enables one better accessibility when welding the connection head with the profile bar element.

It can also be provided that the connection part 350 with it extending outward over the stop surface 396 Centering tab 397.1, 397.2 is designed, preferably two horizontally spaced centering tabs 397.1, 397.2 are provided, the outer surfaces 398.1, 398.2 a distance from each other that is slightly smaller than that Distance between the opposite inner surfaces the side leg of the U-shaped bar element. Alternatively, or together with the above measures can be provided that the connection part 350 with a revolving slightly above the stop surface 396 Centering collar 390 is designed. Allow these measures an easy and precise installation of the with the connection head firmly to connect profile bar elements.

The task lies with another part of the invention group the basis for connection heads of articulated Connecting elements, such as diagonal bars, an improved wall or Partial wall design of the usable rooms To find the connection head.

To solve this problem, according to an alternative Embodiment of the invention provided the following features:

• der aus Temperguß-Werkstoff bestehende Anschlußkopf 440 ist mit einem Anschluß-Teil 450 und einem Anlage-Teil 480 gestaltet,
• der Anlage-Teil 480 hat Anlageflächen aufweisende Anlage-Wandteile zur Anlage an den Stielen 21,
• der Anschluß-Teil 450 weist einen Gelenk-Teil auf,
• der Gelenk-Teil ist verschwenkbar mit einem Stabelement, insbesondere einem Diagonalstab 23 verbunden,
• der Anschlußkopf 440 weist einen oberen Kopfteil 444 und einen unteren Kopfteil 445 auf,
• zwischen diesen ist ein bis zum Anschluß-Teil 450 reichender, zur Anlageseite und den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen offener Schlitz 460 zum Aufstecken auf eine auf dem Stiel 21 angebrachte Lochscheibe 30 ausgebildet,
• im oberen Kopfteil 444 ist eine obere Keilöffung und im unteren Kopfteil 445 ist eine untere Keilöffnung ausgebildet, für einen durch die Keilöffnungen und die Lochscheibe 30 steckbaren, dem Verspannen der zu verbindenden Gerüstelemente dienenden Keil,
• der Anschlußkopf 440 ist in Umfangsrichtung mit Seiten-Wandteilen und nach oben und unten mit Wandteilen begrenzt, deren die Kräfte übertragende Werkstoff-Bereiche Nutzräume freilassend ausgebildet sind,
• die Seitenwandteile sind mit Vertikal-Außen-Flächen gebildet, die einen den achten Teil eines Vollkreises einnehmenden Keilwinkel einschließen,
• der Anlage-Teil 480 des Anschlußkopfes 440 weist ein mit den Anlageflächen der Anlage-Wandteile, mit den Schlitz 460 begrenzenden Schlitzflächen und mit den den Keilwinkel einschließenden Vertikal-Außenflächen gebildeten äußeren Wandflächen begrenztes Volumen auf,
• der Anschlußkopf 440 weist von den Vertikal-Außen-Flächen, den horizontalen und/oder den schrägen Außen-Flächen ausgehend unter allen Flächenbereichen mit Ausnahme von Übergangsbereichen in Ecken nach innen sich erstreckend im wesentlichen gleiche Wanddicken auf.

Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is designed with the aid of stems 21 and at least one connecting head 440 having rod-shaped connecting elements 35 with torsion-resistant, with the following features:

• the connecting head 440 made of malleable cast iron material is designed with a connecting part 450 and a system part 480,
• the system part 480 has system wall parts with system surfaces for contact with the stems 21,
• the connection part 450 has a joint part,
• the joint part is pivotally connected to a rod element, in particular a diagonal rod 23,
• the connection head 440 has an upper head part 444 and a lower head part 445,
• a slot 460 extending to the connection part 450 and open to the abutment side and the vertical outer surfaces is formed between these for plugging onto a perforated disk 30 attached to the stem 21,
• an upper wedge opening is formed in the upper head part 444 and a lower wedge opening is formed in the lower head part 445, for a wedge which can be inserted through the wedge openings and the perforated disk 30 and serves to tension the scaffolding elements to be connected,
• the connection head 440 is delimited in the circumferential direction with side wall parts and upwards and downwards with wall parts, the force-transmitting material areas of which are designed to leave usable spaces,
• the side wall parts are formed with vertical outer surfaces which enclose a wedge angle taking up the eighth part of a full circle,
• the contact part 480 of the connection head 440 has a volume limited by the contact surfaces of the contact wall parts, the slot surfaces delimiting the slot 460 and the outer wall surfaces formed by the vertical outer surfaces including the wedge angle,
• starting from the vertical outer surfaces, the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces, the connection head 440 has essentially the same wall thicknesses extending under all surface regions with the exception of transition regions in corners.

It can be provided that the joint part under one Angle 475 of 135 ° to one pointing to the arm axis 353 To arrange center line 455 of the connection head 440. This enables especially if four are perpendicular to each other arranged perforations of the perforated disks with horizontal Bar elements, such as horizontal support bars, longitudinal bars, Crossbars or lattice girders are claimed, the Connection of additional stiffening of the space structure Diagonal struts.

It can also be provided that the joint part with a Hinge bracket 490 is formed, which is preferably in Subareas parallel outer surfaces 491, 492 and preferably a bore 495 for receiving one with the rod element connectable cylindrical bearing and articulation element having. This enables simple, secure and space-saving fastening of the diagonal bar to the Connection head and allows unimpeded pivoting of the two components.

It can also be provided that the hinge bracket 490 on her end 496 with a radius 497 pointing from the connecting part 450 is rounded. This avoids annoying, if necessary Corner areas and enables further weight reduction.

An important part of the description is given below:
The support structure element arrangement is formed with the connecting element (35), which has the wedge-shaped connection head (40.1, 40.2) with a horizontal slot for plugging onto a perforated disc (30) attached to the stem (21). The connection head (40.1, 40.2) has wedge openings (152) for the wedge (41) which can be inserted through this and the perforated disc (30). The connection head (40.1, 40.2) made of malleable cast iron material has the system part (80) and the connection part (50). The system part (80) has the system surfaces (84) with system wall parts (51) for contacting the handle (21). The connection head (40.1, 40.2) is bounded in the circumferential direction by the side wall parts (46.1, 46.2) having the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2) and upwards and downwards by further wall parts having outer wall surfaces, the forces of which transferring material areas are formed with the release of useful rooms. The connection part (50) is firmly connected to a rod element. This is, in particular, a tube (38), but a U-profile bolt or a diagonal rod articulated to the connection head (40.1, 40.2) can also be provided. The connection head (40) has essentially the same wall thicknesses extending from the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2), the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces under all surface areas with the exception of transition areas in corners.

Reference list

20th

framework

21

stalk

22

Horizontal bar

23

Diagonal bar

24th

Horizontal support bar

25th

Scaffolding floor

26

Hanging claw

27

foot

28

distance

29

Wall thickness of 38

30th

Perforated disc

31

hole

31.1

hole

31.2

hole

32

Wall thickness of 21

33

Weld

34

Stop area of 30

35

Fastener

36

lower end of 41

37

railing

38

pipe

39

Outside diameter of 38

40

Connection head

40.1

Connection head

40.2

Connection head

41

wedge

42

rivet

43

Recess

44

upper headboard

45

lower headboard

46

upper side wall part

46.1

upper side wall part

46.2

"

47

lower side wall part

47.1

lower side wall part

47.2

"

48

Upper wall part

49

Under-wall part

50

Connection part of 40

51

upper part of the wall

52

lower part of the wall

53

Stick axis

54

Pipe axis

55

Vertical plane of symmetry

56

Height of 44

57

Height of 45

58

Height of 40

59

Depth of 40

60

slot

61

upper slot surface

61.1

upper slot surface

61.2

"

62

lower slot surface

62.1

lower slot surface

62.2

"

63

vertical Slot area

63.1

vertical Slot area

63.2

"

64

radius

65

distance

66

Investment side

67

upper end of 84

68

Slot width

69

Thickness of 30

70

top impact end from 41

71

Stalk and Disc center

72

upper vertical outer surface

72.1

upper vertical outer surface

72.2

"

73

lower vertical outer surface

73.1

lower vertical outer surface

73.2

"

74

upper transition surface

74.1

upper transition surface

74.2

"

75

distance

76

lower transition surface

76.1

lower transition surface

76.2

"

77.1

level

77.2

level

78

Connection end of 52

79

Wedge angle

80

Plant part of 40

81

upper inner wall surface

81.1

upper inner wall surface

81.2

"

82

lower inner wall surface

82.1

lower inner wall surface

82.2

"

83

Wall thickness

84

upper contact surface

85

lower contact surface

86

Outside radius of 84 or 85

87

Handle outer radius

88

lower end of 85

89

Inside diameter of 38

90

Horizontal level

91

Width of 84, 85

92

Height of 84, 85

93

Arc length of 84, 85

94

Breakthrough

95

Breakthrough

96

vertical wedge stop surface

96.1

vertical wedge stop surface

96.2

"

96.3

"

96.4

"

97

level

98

front stop edge from 41

99

Wall thickness of 50, 51

100

Insertion wall part

101

Insertion wall part

102

angle

103

angle

104

Sloping surface of 100

105

Sloping surface of 101

106

Recess

107

Width of 94.95

108

Height of 94, 95

109

rear contact edge from 41

110

Wedge angle

111

Circle segment area

112

Bow of 111

113

Tendon from 111

114

upper intersection

115

lower intersection

117

Hypotenuse from 74

118

corner

119

Cathete

121

Transition edge

122

upper horizontal wall part v.48

123

Length of 121

124

Cathete

126

Transition edge

127

upper transition wall part

127.1

upper transition wall part "

127.2

"

128

rear upper Transitional wall part

128.1

rear upper Transitional wall part

128.2

"

129

rear lower Transitional wall part

131

Hypotenuse from 74

132

Intersection

133

distance

134.1

Outside area of 128

134.2

"

136

distance

137

lower wedge opening

138

Cathete

139

Intersection

140

Outside area of 129

141

lower transition wall part

142

Cathete

143

lower transition edge

144

Outside area of 141

144.1

Outside area of 141

144.2

"

146

Outside area of 122

147

Outside area of 127

147.1

Outside area of 127

147.2

"

148

Inner surface of 122

149

Inner surface of 127

150

Wall thickness of 48

151

Wall thickness

152

upper wedge opening

153

distance

154

Wedge support surface

155

Wedge support surface

156

Width of 96.1

157

Wedge thickness

158

distance

159

Weld area

160

Ring bead

161

surface

162

Stem outer surface

171

lower horizontal wall part from 49

173

Length of 137

174

Width of 137

176

Outside area of 171

177

Outside area of 141

178

Inner surface of 171

179

Inner surface of 141

180

Wall thickness of 49

181

radius

182

upper opening edge

183

lower opening edge

184

Wall thickness

186.1

Sloping surface

186.2

Sloping surface

193

thickness

194

End of 160

195

Sloping ring surface

196

Abutment surface

197

Centering rag

197.1

Centering rag

197.2

"

197.3

"

197.4

"

198

Outside diameter of 195

199

Inside diameter of 195

200

Wedge receiving room

201

Trapezoidal base

202

Inner surface

203.1

Trapezoidal side

203.2

"

204

Trapezoid baseline

206

Trapezoid corner

207

Trapezoid corner

208

Trapezoid corner

209

Trapezoid corner

211

Width of 195

213

The End

214

Landing stage

216

Cross section of 214

217

Support bridge part

218

Angle of inclination

219

Peak of 217

221

distance

222.1

Outside area from 197.1

222.2

Outside area from 197.2

222.3

Outside area from 197.3

222.4

Outside area from 197.4

223

diameter

224

Inside diameter of 38

226

Interior area

230

deeper Wall area

230.1

deeper Wall area from 72.1

230.2

deeper Wall area from 72.2

231

deeper Wall area

231.1

deeper Wall area from 73.1

231.2

deeper Wall area from 73.2

232

distance

240

Vertical plane

245

opening

246

Opening edge of 245

246.1

Opening edge of 245

246.2

"

246.3

"

246.3

"

247

Opening diameter

251

Opening edge of 245

251.1

Opening edge of 245

251.2

"

251.3

"

251.4

"

252

Opening diameter

340

Connection head

344

upper headboard

345

lower headboard

350

Connection part

353

U profile

354.1

Thigh of 353

354.2

"

354.3

"

360

slot

380

Plant part

390

Centering collar

396

Abutment surface

397

Centering rag

397.1

Centering rag

397.2

"

398.1

Outside area of 397.1

398.2

Outside area of 397.2

440

Connection head

444

upper headboard

445

lower headboard

450

Connection part

453

Stick axis

455

Center line

460

slot

475

angle

480

Plant part

485

Vertical wall part

490

Hinge strap

491

Outside area of 490

492

Outside area of 490

495

drilling

496

The End

497

radius

Claims (14)

Support structure element arrangement of a space structure, in particular a grandstand, a podium or scaffold, which is designed with the aid of stems (21) and at least one connecting head (40, 340, 440) having rod-shaped connecting elements (35) with the following features: the connection head (40, 340, 440) made of malleable cast iron material is designed with a connection part (50, 350, 450) and a system part (80, 380, 480), the connection part (50, 350, 450) is firmly connected to a rod element, the system part (80, 380, 480) has system wall parts (51, 52) with system surfaces (84, 85) for contact with the stems (21), the connection head (40, 340, 440) has an upper head part (44, 344, 444) and a lower head part (45, 345, 445), between these is a slot (60, 360, 460) which extends to the connection part (50, 350, 450) and to the contact side and the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2) to be plugged onto one perforated disc (30) attached to the handle (21), an upper wedge opening (152) is formed in the upper head part (44, 344, 444) and a lower wedge opening (137) is formed in the lower head part (45, 345, 445), for one through the wedge openings (152, 137) and the perforated disk (30) plug-in wedge (41) serving to brace the scaffolding elements to be connected, the connection head (40, 340, 440) is bounded in the circumferential direction with side wall parts (46, 47) and up and down with wall parts (122, 127, 128, 171, 141, 129), the material areas of which transmit the forces Free spaces are designed, the side wall parts (46, 47) are formed with vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2, 73.1, 73.2) which enclose a wedge angle (79), the connection head (40, 340, 440) points from the vertical outer surfaces (72.1, 72.2; 73.1, 73.2), the horizontal and / or the inclined outer surfaces (146, 147; 176, 177) All surface areas with the exception of transition areas in corners extending inward substantially the same wall thicknesses. Support structure element arrangement of a space structure according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the vertical outer surfaces (72, 73) and the associated inner wall surfaces (81, 82) of the upper and preferably also the lower side wall parts (46, 47) in the vicinity of the slots (60, 360, 460) are substantially parallel are designed with a wall thickness (83). Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure according to at least one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the stems (21) are round tubes made of steel, with an outer radius (87) and a wall thickness (32), and the wall thickness (83) of the side wall parts (46, 47) in the range from about 20 to 30% of the stem outer radius (87) and / or in the range of 1.5 to 3 times the wall thickness (32) of the stem (21). Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure, according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the wall thickness (83) is designed in the range of 2.5 to 4 times the wall thickness of the rod element connected to the connection head (40, 340). Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the rod element is tubular, in particular with a tube (38) having an outside diameter (39), an inside diameter (89) and a wall thickness (29). Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure, according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the wall thickness (83) in the range of about 10 to 16% of the outer diameter (39) of the tube (38) is designed. Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure according to at least one of claims 5 or 6,
characterized,
that the connecting part (50) has an opening (245) which is connected to the wedge receiving space (200) and whose opening edges (246, 251) span an opening diameter (247, 252) which is at least 60% preferably 65 to 85 % of the inner diameter (89) of the tube (38). Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the rod element is formed with an upwardly open profile, in particular a U-profile. Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure according to at least one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the connecting part (50, 350) has a stop surface (196, 396) adapted to the joining and stress conditions and the rod element for contacting the rod element. Support structure element arrangement of a space structure according to claim 9,
characterized,
that the connection part (50, 350) in the area of the stop surface (196, 396) has a thickness (193) which corresponds approximately to the wall thickness (29) of the rod element and preferably approximately to the average wall thickness of the connection head (40). Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure according to at least one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the connection part (450) has an articulated part which is pivotally connected to the rod element, in particular a diagonal rod (23). Support structure element arrangement of a space structure according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the hinge part is formed with a hinge bracket (490) at an angle (475) of 135 ° to a center line (455) of the connection head (440) pointing to the handle axis (353). Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure according to at least one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized,
that the distances (65 and 75) of the upper end (67) of the upper contact surface (84) and the lower end (88) of the lower contact surface (85) from the slot (60) in the amount of half the slot width (68) intersecting horizontal plane (90) are the same size. Support structure element arrangement of a spatial structure according to at least one of claims 1 to 13,
characterized,
that the upper contact surface (84) and the lower contact surface (85) are the same size.

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