EP1447190A2 - Procédé de fabrication de carreaux - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de carreaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1447190A2
EP1447190A2 EP03018023A EP03018023A EP1447190A2 EP 1447190 A2 EP1447190 A2 EP 1447190A2 EP 03018023 A EP03018023 A EP 03018023A EP 03018023 A EP03018023 A EP 03018023A EP 1447190 A2 EP1447190 A2 EP 1447190A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
compacting
transferring
appended
tile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03018023A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1447190A3 (fr
Inventor
Carlo Antonio Camorani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MIRA di ALGERI Maris
Original Assignee
MIRA di ALGERI Maris
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MIRA di ALGERI Maris filed Critical MIRA di ALGERI Maris
Publication of EP1447190A2 publication Critical patent/EP1447190A2/fr
Publication of EP1447190A3 publication Critical patent/EP1447190A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0205—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles supplied to the moulding device in form of a coherent mass of material, e.g. a lump or an already partially preshaped tablet, pastil or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for preparing and transferring granular material, in particular for feeding pressing moulds in the process for producing ceramic tiles.
  • a known method for feeding a cavity of a mould described for example in US 4306595 and in EP 0860256, provides for:
  • This method has the advantage that different layers can be put one on another into the mould, in subsequent phases, without discomposing the arrangement of the layers. Nevertheless, this method has never been used in the ceramic industry for the fact that the raising of the layer by means of the vacuum is always incomplete and precarious. This causes remarkable and uncontrollable loading differences and unacceptable results, and also, in the case in which many layers are provided, such layers have to be loaded in subsequent phases with consequent considerable slowdown in production.
  • Such version has, furthermore, many operating difficulties in loading the cavities and pressing the powders, also because it is necessary a perfect collimation and synchronization between the cavities and the loading and the pressing means.
  • such version does not enable a controlled insertion of the powder inside the cavities, most of all near the edges, for the fact that the powders have to necessarily fall on the bottom of the cavity and cannot be accompanied without discomposing.
  • the version does not enable to use continuous compacting means, such for example rolling cylinders or belts.
  • EP 0997248 solves the problems said above, providing to feed the mould with all the layers in a single stroke, and providing to position a low permeability layer in the lower open part of the drawer, so as to make the raise and the transfer of the layers complete and very stable.
  • This low permeability layer can be formed by a decal, by plastic material film, a layer of finer powder, by a pre-compacted layer, etc.
  • EP 0997248 offers many advantages also in relation to the others known mould-feeding methods, particularly for speed, constructional easiness, loading uniformity and checkability, for the possibility to arrange any kind of décor also very definite, etc., nevertheless EP 0997248 has in some cases functional limits that are hereinafter analyzed.
  • the glazed stoneware as imitation of natural stones, having veins going through all the thickness of the tile, can be pressed into two different manners.
  • the visible side of the tile faces upward and, because in this case it is necessary a surface leveling of the layer by scratching, the aesthetic surface appearance is somewhat altered. To make the original aesthetic appearance visible, is thus necessary to remove a little surface layer, this is made in the smoothing phase.
  • Some artifice to overcome this inconvenience provide to pre-smooth all the green product before firing, or to remove by blowing and aspirating means the thin surface layer that has been altered by scratching, this in a phase occurring after mould-loading and before pressing. These are, in any case, expensive processes that are not devoid of inconveniences, such, for example, remarkable prolongations of the production cycle.
  • a second case is provided to operate with the visible side of the tile facing downwards, so that the leveling scratching does not alter the visible portion of the tile.
  • this second case has the same problems, because in the visible side of the tile (that faces downwards) a low permeability layer has to be provided (thinner powder o compacted layer) that is independent in relation with the remaining part and that thus determines in the thickness an interruption of the continuity of the aesthetical aspect.
  • EP 0997248 provides to apply decorative layers on a base layer formed by loose granular material, and therefore can happen that these decorative layers do not remain perfectly stable or well defined really for the incoherence and roughness of the base layer. Furthermore the machines that can be used for applying decorations can not express their best for the presence of a base incoherent layer, not perfectly smooth and subjected to move if subjected to even stresses of limited entity.
  • An object of the invention is to improve the system for feeding the cavities of the pressing mould.
  • Another object of the present invention is to enable to feed the mould supporting and transferring the powders by vacuum, without necessary having an interruption in the lower stratifications and without disposable materials have to be used.
  • a further object always in the field of feeding a mould supporting and transferring the powders by vacuum, is to enable a better application of surface decorative layers and an optimal use of decorator means.
  • a still further object is to improve the quality and the rapidity in transferring the powder material, especially in feeding a pressing mould.
  • a still further object is to simplify the machine construction, its functioning, and the format's change operations, in the feeding of a pressing mould with pre-compacted powders supported and transferred by vacuum.
  • a still further object is to better highlight the aesthetic surface effect of the pressed tile, without loosing productivity.
  • a method for transferring granular material comprising preparing on a surface layer means of said granular material arranged for forming at least a predominant part in the thickness of a tile, compacting said layer means on said surface, transferring said layer means by vacuum means, said preparing comprises preparing said stratification with exceeding dimensions in relation with the perimeter of said tile.
  • the method further comprises selecting a portion of said layer means substantially corresponding to the surface of said tile.
  • an apparatus for transferring granular material comprising distributing means suitable for preparing layer means of said granular material on a surface arranged for forming at least a predominant part of the thickness of a tile, compacting means suitable for compacting said layer means on said surface, transferring means suitable for transferring said layer means by vacuum means, said distributing means being suitable for preparing on said surface said layer means with exceeding dimensions in relation with the perimeter of said tile.
  • selecting means suitable for selecting a portion of said layer means substantially corresponding to the surface of said tile.
  • a method for feeding with granular material a pressing mould for pressing tiles comprising preparing layer means of said granular material on a surface, removing a surface layer of said layer means and transferring said layer means to said pressing mould.
  • an apparatus for feeding with granular material a pressing mould for pressing tiles comprising distributing means suitable for preparing on a surface layer means of said granular material, removing means suitable for removing a surface layer of said layer means and transferring means for transferring said layer means to said pressing mould.
  • the apparatus comprises a belt 1 permeable, wound on moving rollers 2, in the upstream part thereof, not shown, distributing means are provided for distributing granular material that are suitable for forming a stratification 3 arranged for constituting all the thickness S (or in any case a relevant part of the thickness S) of a tile 4.
  • granular material has to be understood a loose material formed by granules that can be atomized or not, and that can have any dimension and shape, powder, chips, granules in different colors, having a surface or complete coloration etc., in any combination end not only for ceramic use.
  • the apparatus comprises a compacting station 5, in which compacting means acts on said stratification 3 so as to significantly reduce its initial thickness S1 to a value S2.
  • the compacting means comprises a body 6 having an active surface, which is flat and is provided with a joined peripheral bevel 6a, slightly wider in relation to the surface of the tile 4, the body 6 acts in direction F during a stop phase of the indexing with a step P, of the belt 1.
  • Any other compacting method can be used, for example a continuous type method using rollers, belts, swinging body with convergent active surface etc.
  • the value of the compacting pressure is advantageously limited, depending on the kind of granular material, in an order of magnitude comprised between about 0,5 and 5 bar, this implying to reduce the thickness from S1 to S2, with a value of the ratio S2/S1 comprised between about 0,75 and 0,9.
  • Such compacting, with a so reduced entity is particularly easy to be obtained, because it does not require expensive machines to be used, and does not necessary implies containing means to be used for laterally containing the granular material 3.
  • a following station T is carried out the removal of that compacted stratification by means of a depressor device 7 provided with a movable drawer 8, that is open underneath laterally delimited by a frame 9 that protrudes downward and that is suitable for penetrating into the stratification 3.
  • This movable drawer 8 is formed by a permeable separator 10 communicating with a chamber 11 into which is activated vacuum during the raising and transferring towards the mould 12 phases, this vacuum being then deactivated for obtaining the gravity transferring into the cavity of the mould 12.
  • This vacuum can be advantageously limited to a value of about 500-2000 Pa (50-200 mm water column) so ad to easily support a thickness S2 of about 15-20 mm of pre-compacted granular material 3.
  • the mould 12 is formed by a lateral matrix 13 and by half-moulds 14 movable that can translatory move in the vertical direction W; any other kind of mould can be in any case used.
  • the limited entity compacting - that has been previously described - enables an easy penetration of the frame 9 into the stratification and at the same time enables the complete and firm removal of the stratification 3 into the movable drawer 8. Owing to compacting said before it is furthermore possible to easy empty the movable drawer 8 simply due to the gravity force.
  • Said coherence obtained by exerting a low entity pressure, enables furthermore an easy recycling of the scraps 15 of granular material because said scraps becomes by a very low solicitation to the loose condition, therefore these scraps 15 can be directly recycled in the same plant.
  • the scraps 15 can, for example be distributed in a thin uniform layer 16 over the stratification 13 already compacted, or can be distributed even more upstream at any level of the not yet compacted stratification 3.
  • the compacting can be carried out only on the parts of the stratification 3 arranged to be transferred, but the compacting can also be extended to all the stratification, thus enabling continuous compacting means to be used, because, moreover the scraps 15, even if compacted, are easily recyclable.
  • the compacting can be obtained by directly acting with the porous separator 10 that has been appropriately dimensioned and loaded, in this case the frame 9 have to project in respect to the porous separator 10 (if it is anchored in a relatively fixed manner to the porous separator 10) for an extension nearly corresponding to the thickness S2 that the stratification 3 will assume at the and of the compacting process.
  • the frame 9 have to project in respect to the porous separator 10 for the same extension, plus an entity corresponding to the thickness of the further layers arranged after compacting.
  • the frame 9 can moreover be axially movable, in the operating phase, so as to take in relation with the plane of the porous separator 10 any suitable projection level.
  • the portion of the stratification 3 corresponding to the area of the tile 4 can be selected before compacting phase: i.e. at first the frame 9 can be lowered towards the surface 1, so selecting and isolating a portion of stratification 3 substantially corresponding to the peripheral dimension of the tile 4, after will be lowered the porous separator 10 so as to compact, and by means of application of vacuum through the porous separator 10, the same compacting means 7, 9, 10 will execute the transferring towards the pressing station.
  • the compacting means 5 is formed by a device provided with frame 22, substantially like that before described, whose pressing surface is formed by a surface 23 not necessary porous, and whose function is to select, compact and to leave on the surface 1 the compacted portion 24 of stratification 3 substantially corresponding to the peripheral dimension of the tile 4.
  • Such pressing device is described, for example in EP 0793565.
  • the transferring towards the pressing station 12 of the compacted portion of stratification 3 is later on carried out by vacuum means 7. Therefore, as in the previous case, happens that the portion of stratification 3 corresponding to the area of the tile 4 is selected before the compacting phase.
  • a functional or decorative stratification 17 can be arranged, in station D arranged between the stations 5 and T, on the already compacted layer 3. This case could be useful, for example, for obtaining a double-face product, as shown in Figure 4, provided with a part 3 with prevailing thickness having uniform characteristics or in any case decorator elements 18 extending without interruption from one of the face 19 towards a zone 20 close to the other face 21.
  • the other face 21 is instead formed by decorator materials 17 arranged in a relatively thinner stratification.
  • This procedure is not necessary limited to a double-face product, but it can be used also for obtaining having as visible side only the upper face 21 as shown in Figure 5. This would be useful in the case in which arranging the decorative layer 17 is easier or, in any case, more functional is effected on an already pre-compacted base, for example in order to obtain clearer decorations, or to use different applying techniques, even contact techniques, that otherwise be used or could be used with less efficiency.
  • the preparation surface can also be of type different from the belt 1, for example it could be formed by a sequence of permeable trays provided with chassis or not (walls for laterally containing the powders) integrated or movable, that are moved along a path like a loop with different stations for the various operations like distributing the powders, decorating, compacting, removing by vacuum, etc.
  • the belt 1 can be completely free as shown into the drawings, or it can be provided with frames (walls for laterally containing the powders).
  • Such chassis can be integrated to the same belt 1 and be advantageously flexible and woundable with the belt.
  • Such chassis can be simply leaned on the upper branch of the belt 1, so as to be removed after emptying and be arranged again on the upper branch of the belt 1 kin the initial tract.
  • chassis leaned on the belt 1 and/or on the trays could be transferred, in the transferring phase of the stratification 3 towards the mould 12, over the cavity of the mould 12 together with the vacuum device 7, to which the frames will be temporarily anchored, in this case the frame 9 of the vacuum device 7 can be omitted. Practically the chassis will become from time to time the frame 9 of the vacuum device 7.
  • the surface 1 can be indexed or it can be continuously moved, also in the drawing phase, because the drawer 8 during the drawing phase can be advantageously synchronously follow the motion of the surface 1.
  • the invention can be applied not only in the fabrication of decorated tiles in the pressing phase, but also in the fabrication of non-decorated tiles or in the fabrication of tiles that are decorated in a subsequent glazing. This can result advantageous in order to speed up the mould's loading, to obtain a high loading uniformity, to reduce wears of the mould due to friction with a traditional grid-trolley etc.
  • the stratification 3 can be transferred to the mould 12 by a vacuum means 7 without the frame 9, as shown in the Figures 6 and 7, because said stratification is per se sufficiently coherent; the stratification 3 to be transferred has a measure corresponding to the dimension of the tile 4 to be obtained, or it can have also a wider extension so as to be, for example, cut to length in the initial pressing phase of the mould 12 according to known methods as described for example in IT 01287505.
  • the vacuum device 7 can also be constituted by elements cooperating only with one or more portions of the surface of said compacted stratification 3, i.e. the porous separator 10 could be substituted by a plurality of suckers distributed in a plane.
  • the stratification 3, before the compacting phase is subjected to a removing operation for removing a thin surface layer S3 by aspirator means 25.
  • This operation is useful for better highlighting the surface aspect of the stratification, because such aspect can have been altered by the friction against leveling means 26.
  • Such removing can affect a thickness S3 higher or thinner, comprised for example between 0,2 and 4 mm.
  • Such removing can affect a surface layer having a substantial uniform thickness S3 and extending at least as the portion of the stratification 3 arranged to be transferred to the mould 12.
  • This surface removing can be executed also with other means, for example, with the aid of a light blowing, as provided in WO 02/09917, or by a vacuum acting through permeable screen means, as provided in EP 0927687.
  • the surface drawing so highlighted, will not be subjected to substantial alterations in the following phases, and will appear almost unchanged on the surface of the pressed tile 4.
  • this surface removing of the stratification 3, that occurs in a station R arranged upstream the pressing station 12, is not limited to the example shown in the Figures 1 and 2, but can be applied in all the systems that provides to transfer a stratification from a preparation surface 1 to a pressing mould 12, without discomposing said stratification 3.
  • This surface removing is not limited to the presence of the compacting on the preparing surface 1. So, for example, this surface removing of the stratification 3 can be used in a transferring system with a vacuum cavity open underneath that advantageously cooperates with a low permeability base layer, as provided in EP 0997248.
  • compacting in agreement with one of the objects of the invention, enables to accelerate the production cycle, even for the fact that the transferring can be executed with high accelerations, and also for the fact that in the subsequent pressing less de-aerating time is requested.
  • the compacted stratification 3, arranged for constituting the main part of the thickness S of the tile 4, can constitute a percentage of the thickness S comprised between 50% and 100%, advantageously between 80% and 100%.
  • the invention can be applied in many fields of the industry, for example in the fabrication of cement slab, and not necessary only for loading a cavity of a mould.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
EP03018023A 2002-08-12 2003-08-07 Procédé de fabrication de carreaux Withdrawn EP1447190A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMO20020234 ITMO20020234A1 (it) 2002-08-12 2002-08-12 Dispositivo e metodo per trasferire materiale granulare.
ITMO20020234 2002-08-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1447190A2 true EP1447190A2 (fr) 2004-08-18
EP1447190A3 EP1447190A3 (fr) 2005-03-09

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EP03018023A Withdrawn EP1447190A3 (fr) 2002-08-12 2003-08-07 Procédé de fabrication de carreaux

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EP (1) EP1447190A3 (fr)
IT (1) ITMO20020234A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006095249A2 (fr) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Mira Di Algeri Maris Déplacement de matière granulée
EP1731330A2 (fr) 2005-06-06 2006-12-13 TUBITAK-Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik ve Arastima Kurumu La méthode pour le matériel de fabrication aiment les tuiles antiques
EP1900491A2 (fr) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-19 LAEIS GmbH Procédé et presse pour produire des corps moulés
WO2020168684A1 (fr) * 2019-02-21 2020-08-27 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 Moule de pressage de briques de grande taille et procédé de pressage de briques
CN112405779A (zh) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-26 广东清远蒙娜丽莎建陶有限公司 一种通体颗粒花岗石瓷砖及其布料系统、布料方法和制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998023424A2 (fr) * 1996-11-22 1998-06-04 Carlo Antonio Camorani Fabrication de matieres pulverulentes
EP0927687A2 (fr) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-07 Maris Algeri Procédé et dispositif pour transférer un matériau granuleux
EP0997248A2 (fr) * 1998-09-28 2000-05-03 Carlo Antonio Camorani Procédé et dispositif pour transférer un matériau granuleux

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998023424A2 (fr) * 1996-11-22 1998-06-04 Carlo Antonio Camorani Fabrication de matieres pulverulentes
EP0927687A2 (fr) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-07 Maris Algeri Procédé et dispositif pour transférer un matériau granuleux
EP0997248A2 (fr) * 1998-09-28 2000-05-03 Carlo Antonio Camorani Procédé et dispositif pour transférer un matériau granuleux

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006095249A2 (fr) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Mira Di Algeri Maris Déplacement de matière granulée
WO2006095249A3 (fr) * 2005-03-09 2006-11-30 Mira Di Algeri Maris Déplacement de matière granulée
EP1731330A2 (fr) 2005-06-06 2006-12-13 TUBITAK-Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik ve Arastima Kurumu La méthode pour le matériel de fabrication aiment les tuiles antiques
EP1900491A2 (fr) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-19 LAEIS GmbH Procédé et presse pour produire des corps moulés
DE102006043270A1 (de) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-27 Laeis Gmbh Verfahren und Presse zum Herstellen von Formkörpern
EP1900491A3 (fr) * 2006-09-14 2010-10-06 LAEIS GmbH Procédé et presse pour produire des corps moulés
WO2020168684A1 (fr) * 2019-02-21 2020-08-27 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 Moule de pressage de briques de grande taille et procédé de pressage de briques
CN112405779A (zh) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-26 广东清远蒙娜丽莎建陶有限公司 一种通体颗粒花岗石瓷砖及其布料系统、布料方法和制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMO20020234A1 (it) 2004-02-13
EP1447190A3 (fr) 2005-03-09

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