EP1440779A1 - Verfahren zum Imprägnieren von gasdurchlässigen Feststoffen mit einem Imprägniermittel - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Imprägnieren von gasdurchlässigen Feststoffen mit einem Imprägniermittel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1440779A1 EP1440779A1 EP04001501A EP04001501A EP1440779A1 EP 1440779 A1 EP1440779 A1 EP 1440779A1 EP 04001501 A EP04001501 A EP 04001501A EP 04001501 A EP04001501 A EP 04001501A EP 1440779 A1 EP1440779 A1 EP 1440779A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- solid
- bar
- wood
- impregnation medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
- B27K3/0285—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving the penetration of the impregnating fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/007—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process employing compositions comprising nanoparticles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for impregnating solids with a liquid Impregnating agent.
- the process focuses on the impregnation of wood and Wood-based materials, but is feasible for all solids compressed by a Are permeable to gas, including ceramic, mineral, natural or synthetic solids.
- the aim of the process is to improve the technical or aesthetic properties of the solid.
- the invention is focused the impregnation of wood and wood-based materials, because these are complex Construction and poor mobility for an impregnation medium in particular make high demands on process management.
- Impregnating wood with impregnating agents to increase durability, for Improvement of mechanical properties, for coloring or for digestion the wood structure has been carried out for a long time.
- Wood is usually soaked with liquid soaking agents. Accordingly, there are many on this topic Studies that deal with the influence of the wood properties, the soaking agents, of the impregnation pressure and the impregnation time on the impregnation of the wood.
- Impregnation media of classic pressure impregnation e.g. Copper-, Chromium or arsenic salts, but also not available for many color or aroma substances is.
- the pressure is continuously raised up to the supercritical range and varied there if necessary. Processes of this type often lead to damage to the material to be impregnated, because typical strength properties are not taken into account, or only a few materials can be processed with these processes without damage.
- the object of the invention is to use a pressure impregnation method even with heavy impregnable solids, such as. B. spruce wood, an impregnation medium for change of the property spectrum (biological, chemical, physical or other Properties) into the interior of the solid or impregnated material without the Structure, e.g. due to previous perforation or cell collapse and / or crack formation, to harm.
- heavy impregnable solids such as. B. spruce wood
- this method can be used with any gases and various liquids be performed.
- gases whose critical condition points are moderate Pressure-temperature range, that is preferably between 20-150 bar and 20-150 ° C
- gases whose critical condition points are moderate Pressure-temperature range, that is preferably between 20-150 bar and 20-150 ° C
- gases whose critical condition points are moderate Pressure-temperature range, that is preferably between 20-150 bar and 20-150 ° C
- gases whose critical condition points are moderate Pressure-temperature range, that is preferably between 20-150 bar and 20-150 ° C
- ethane, ethene, propane, propene, carbon dioxide or some halogenated Alkanes can be obtained by dissolving part of the compressed gas in the liquid Impregnation medium can also achieve a reduction in viscosity and thus an improved penetration into the solid.
- the loading i.e. the share of the Impregnation medium that remains in the solid after impregnation is with the inventive method particularly high.
- alternating pressure phases favor as well as circulation of the impregnation medium, an accelerated and homogeneous distribution of the impregnation medium in the solid.
- alternating pressure phases there is a pressure change preferably by lowering the pressure in the autoclave and then raising it pressure to the previous maximum pressure.
- the new process differs significantly from the state of the art in several points Technology. On the one hand, it allows at high pressures, especially in the range of 15 bar up to 300 bar, the use of common solvents (water, organic substances such as. Alcohols, ketones, esters, synthetic, mineral, vegetable or animal Oils) as the basis for the liquid impregnation medium.
- solvents water, organic substances such as. Alcohols, ketones, esters, synthetic, mineral, vegetable or animal Oils
- Nanosilicates can be dispersed in alcohols, preferably in ethanol become. This mixture is then an impregnation medium which, after application of the Protection pressure can be introduced in wood. After impregnation the alcohol evaporates and a nanosilicate solidified and hydrophobic remains Wood.
- a protective pressure of approx. 15 to approx. 100 bar is set without the physical To change or damage properties or the structure of the solid. Likewise, the pressure increases when or after the impregnation medium has been introduced, without causing damage to the solid, since this solid after building up the Protective pressure is only exposed to a relatively small pressure difference.
- the protective pressure is preferred by one after the impregnation medium has been introduced Amount from approx. 30 to approx. 200 bar, i.e. increased to a maximum of approx. 300 bar.
- the Pressure increases with an increase rate of approx. 5 bar / hour to approx. 150 bar / hour.
- the rate of increase will include depending on the permeability of the Solid, the type of protective gas and the liquid impregnation medium selected.
- the process can also be applied to other impregnation goods in addition to wood, such as B. food, feed, seeds and various organic or inorganic carrier materials are used.
- the process according to the invention was tested in a high-pressure autoclave apparatus on various types of wood (fir, spruce, pine, birch and beech).
- the main gases used are carbon dioxide, but also nitrogen and R 134 a (halogenated alkane).
- the impregnation medium is composed of a solvent with the active ingredient dissolved in it.
- a dye was first added to the impregnation medium as an active ingredient.
- the heart of the apparatus is a high-pressure stirring autoclave with a capacity of 1.8 liters. It is for a maximum operating pressure of 350 bar at 300 ° C designed. Depending on the size of the test specimen, a frame can be used, on which different types of samples can be placed on three levels.
- the gas will introduced into the autoclave via a pressure converter driven by compressed air.
- the liquid impregnation medium is set against a previously set one with a high pressure pump Protective pressure pumped into the autoclave.
- the compressed gas passes through it pumped impregnation medium and reduces its viscosity.
- a pneumatic driven propeller stirrer the gas-containing liquid impregnation medium in the Autoclaves are circulated.
- the autoclave is heated electrically from the outside via a heating jacket that is connected to the temperature control.
- phase 4 The longest time interval of the process is typically the impregnation step with increasing pressure (phase 4).
- the dwell time is required if larger Workpieces a complete penetration of the workpiece with the impregnation medium is to be guaranteed.
- Phase 5 can either with constant pressure or with pressure changes with individual reductions below the maximum pressure.
- Neozapon red 335 dissolved in ethanol, was used as the coloring medium. Spruce and beech with the dimensions 2 x 4 x 19 cm were used as woods. The brain surfaces of the woods were sealed with epoxy resin. The pressure was built up over 40 minutes by supplying CO 2 up to 50 bar. After the pressure had built up, the temperature reached about 60 ° C. The woods remained under protective gas pressure for 1 hour under these conditions. The dye solution was metered in within 20 minutes. The pressure in the autoclave rose to 65 bar. By supplying gas, the pressure was increased to 115 bar over a period of 1 hour and 50 minutes. During the duration of the pressure rise, the temperature averaged 58 ° C. At a pressure of 115 bar, the wood stayed in the pressure vessel for 15 minutes. The contents of the autoclave were then drained off and ambient pressure was reached after 80 minutes. The temperature dropped to 50 ° C during the pressure drop.
- a commercial impregnating agent a spray and brush stain type S 9900 from Zweihorn, based on water-alcohol, was used.
- a sample of pine wood with the dimensions 4.5 cm x 4.5 cm (wood cross section) x 20 cm (length in the direction of the fibers) was used in the autoclave.
- the autoclave was then filled for about 15 minutes with CO 2 , which acts as a compressed gas, up to a pressure of 50 bar at a temperature of about 50 ° C.
- the set pressure was maintained for about 15 minutes to ensure that the protective pressure developed inside the wood.
- the liquid impregnation agent was conveyed into the autoclave in about 15 minutes using the high-pressure pump integrated in the system.
- the gas phase was reduced by a valve attached to the top of the autoclave.
- the pressure in the autoclave was increased to 100 bar over a period of 120 minutes.
- the autoclave was depressurized to normal pressure in 50 minutes.
- Isobaric metering of the dye solution was accomplished by repeatedly venting gas through a drain valve attached to the top of the autoclave. The pressure was then increased to 100 bar at a rate of 25 bar / h for 2 hours. After reaching the selected maximum pressure, the pressure was released to ambient pressure within 50 minutes by releasing the liquid and gas.
- the fir wood used was undamaged and almost even after the treatment colored.
- the second sample crystallized out due to vacuum drying of the nanosilicates on the surface of the beech wood.
- Example 4 shows that wood can also be impregnated with solids by means of the method according to the invention via liquid impregnation media, provided that these have appropriate dimensions.
- the introduction of nanosilicates hardens the wood e.g. B. against insect infestation and it hydrophobicizes the wood.
- Impregnation with CO 2 leads to the precipitation of nanosilicates. Surprisingly, the impregnation works well when nitrogen is used.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- dem Schutz des zu imprägnierenden Feststoffs vor biologischer Besiedelung oder Abbau dienen, wie z. B. Biozide, speziell Insektizide oder Fungizide auf organischer Basis (zunächst Lindan und Pentachlorphenol, heute Triazole oder Biozide auf anorganischer Basis, wie z. B. Borsalze).
- dem Schutz vor Schädigung durch UV-Licht dienen, wie z. B. organische UV-Schutzmittel z. B. auf Epoxidbasis oder anorganische UV-Schutzmittel, wie z. B. Zinkoxid oder Titandioxid
- der Hydrophobierung dienen, wie z. B. auf organischer Basis, wie z. B. natürliche, synthetische oder mineralische Wachse wie Bienenwachs, Parafin, Montanwachs und Ölen, wie z. B. Lein- und Rapsöl als Vertreter pflanzlicher Öle, Mineralöle oder synthetische Öle z. B. auf Silikonbasis. Die Hydrophobierungsmittel können auch anorganischer Natur sein und z. B. aus Silikaten, insbesondere Nanosilikaten, Siliciumdioxiden, Bentoniten oder Alumiumoxiden bestehen.
- der Verfestigung dienen, wie natürliche und/oder synthetische Polymere, wie z. B. Balsamharze oder Polyolefine oder vernetzbare Monomere, wie z. B. Harnstoff, Phenol, Melamin oder Isocyanate oder die vorgenannten Silikate, insbesondere in der Form von Nanosilikaten
- der Farbgebung dienen, wie z. B. anionische, kationische oder Säurefarbstoffe, Reaktivfarbstoffe, Metallkomplexfarbstoffe oder Fluoreszensfarbstoffe, wie z. B. Fluoreszein
- der Geruchsgebung dienen, wie z. B. verschiedene aromatisch riechende natürliche Öle, wie z. B. Zedernöl, Sandelholzöl, Lavendelöl oder auch Limonen.
- dem Flammschutz dienen, wie z. B. Phosphate, insbesondere Ammoniumphosphat oder Borverbindungen.
- Phase 1:
- Druckaufbau mit Schutzgas (ggf. nach Evakuierung)
- Phase 2:
- Verweilzeit bei Schutzgas-Druck
- Phase 3:
- Zudosierung des Imprägniermediums (ggf. mit leichtem Druckanstieg verbunden)
- Phase 4:
- Drucksteigerung durch weitere Zudosierung von Gas
- Phase 5:
- Verweilzeit bei höchstem Druck oder bei Druckwechselstufen
- Phase 6:
- Druckabsenkung (ggf. noch Evakuierung)
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zum Imprägnieren eines Feststoffs mit einem flüssigen Imprägniermedium mit den SchrittenEinbringen des Feststoffs in einen Autoklaven,Einleiten eines Gases bis zu einem vorgegebenen Druck,Einstellen des Druckausgleichs im Feststoff auf einen vorgegebenen SchutzdruckZuführen eines flüssigen Imprägniermediums,Steigern des Drucks im Autoklaven über den vorgegebenen Schutzdruck hinaus zum Einbringen des Imprägniermediums in den Feststoff undVerringern des Drucks im Autoklaven bis zum Umgebungsdruck.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck im Autoklaven beim Zuführen des flüssigen Imprägniermediums steigt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Einbringen des Imprägniermediums eine Verweilphase anschließt, in der der zu imprägnierende Feststoff entweder unter unveränderten Bedingungen im Autoklaven verbleibt oder in der der zu imprägnierende Feststoff Phasen wechselnden Drucks unterzogen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Gas verwendet wird, dessen kritischer Punkt bei einem Druck zwischen 20 bar und 150 bar sowie einer Temperatur zwischen 20 °C und 150 °C liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Gas verwendet wird, dass die Viskosität des Imprägniermediums herabsetzt, vorzugsweise Kohlendioxid oder Stickstoff.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vorgegebene Druck im Autoklaven vor dem Zuführen des flüssigen Imprägniermediums zwischen 15 und 100 bar liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim oder nach dem Zuführen des Imprägniermediums der Druck über den vorgegebenen Schutzdruck hinaus gesteigert wird um einem Betrag von 30 bar bis zu 200 bar.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck zum Einbringen des Imprägniermediums mit einer Steigerungsrate von 5 bar/Stunde bis zu 150 bar/Stunde über den vorgegebenen Schutzdruck hinaus gesteigert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass flüssige oder feste Feststoffe imprägniert werden, die von einem komprimierten Gas durchdringbar sind, insbesondere Holz und Holzwerkstoffe, keramische, mineralische, natürliche oder synthetische Feststoffe.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das flüssige Imprägniermedium mindestens eine Substanz enthält, die die biologischen, chemischen oder physikalischen oder sonstige Eigenschaften des Feststoffs verbessert.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lösemittel, in welchem das Imprägniermittel gelöst ist, eine höhere Lösekraft gegenüber dem Imprägniermittel besitzt als das Gas in seinem gasförmigen oder super fluiden Zustand das zum Aufbau des Schutzdruckes eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das flüssige Imprägniermedium Feststoffe enthält, insbesondere Nanosilikate.
- Feststoff, imprägniert nach dem Verfahren gemäß mindestens einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche 1 bis 11.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10302937 | 2003-01-24 | ||
DE10302937A DE10302937A1 (de) | 2003-01-24 | 2003-01-24 | Verfahren zum Imprägnieren von Feststoffen mit einem flüssigen Imprägniermittel |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1440779A1 true EP1440779A1 (de) | 2004-07-28 |
EP1440779B1 EP1440779B1 (de) | 2006-06-28 |
EP1440779B9 EP1440779B9 (de) | 2007-02-28 |
Family
ID=32520103
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04001501A Expired - Lifetime EP1440779B9 (de) | 2003-01-24 | 2004-01-23 | Verfahren zum Imprägnieren von gasdurchlässigen Feststoffen mit einem Imprägniermittel |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1440779B9 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE331593T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10302937A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015067275A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-14 | Superwood A/S | A method for liquid treatment of a wood species |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010001424A1 (de) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | Fränkische Holzveredelungs-GmbH, 97353 | Verfahren zum Färben von Holzstücken |
CN107931058A (zh) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-20 | 安徽国电能源设备工程有限公司 | 一种电热锅炉工件的喷漆处理方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH514411A (de) * | 1967-07-03 | 1971-10-31 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Verfahren zur Tränkung dicker Gegenstände aus Cellulosematerial durch Druckimprägnierung |
DE4202320A1 (de) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-05 | Dierk Dr Knittel | Verfahren zum impraegnieren von substraten |
US20020168473A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Degussa Ag | Antimicrobial treatment of porous materials |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5996782A (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 1999-12-07 | Sealed Air Corporation | Foam in bag packaging system for manual use |
FR2770171B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-11-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et installation de traitement d'un materiau poreux par un produit d'impregnation |
DK199801455A (da) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-11 | Fls Miljoe A S | Fremgangsmåde til imprægnering eller ekstrahering af et harpiksholdigt træsubstrat |
DK199801456A (da) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-11 | Fls Miljoe A S | Fremgangsmåde til imprægnering eller ekstrahering af et harpiksholdigt træsubstrat |
DE10041003A1 (de) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-03-28 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Verfahren zum Imprägnieren einer Trägermatrix mit festen und/oder flüssigen Verbindungen mit Hilfe komprimierter Gase und so imprägnierte Stoffe |
-
2003
- 2003-01-24 DE DE10302937A patent/DE10302937A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-01-23 AT AT04001501T patent/ATE331593T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-23 EP EP04001501A patent/EP1440779B9/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-23 DE DE502004000852T patent/DE502004000852D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH514411A (de) * | 1967-07-03 | 1971-10-31 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Verfahren zur Tränkung dicker Gegenstände aus Cellulosematerial durch Druckimprägnierung |
DE4202320A1 (de) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-05 | Dierk Dr Knittel | Verfahren zum impraegnieren von substraten |
US20020168473A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Degussa Ag | Antimicrobial treatment of porous materials |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015067275A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-14 | Superwood A/S | A method for liquid treatment of a wood species |
US11052567B2 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2021-07-06 | Superwood A/S | Method for liquid treatment of a wood species |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1440779B1 (de) | 2006-06-28 |
DE10302937A1 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
ATE331593T1 (de) | 2006-07-15 |
DE502004000852D1 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
EP1440779B9 (de) | 2007-02-28 |
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