EP1437691B1 - Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1437691B1 EP1437691B1 EP03028395A EP03028395A EP1437691B1 EP 1437691 B1 EP1437691 B1 EP 1437691B1 EP 03028395 A EP03028395 A EP 03028395A EP 03028395 A EP03028395 A EP 03028395A EP 1437691 B1 EP1437691 B1 EP 1437691B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coin
- image
- images
- determined
- counterfeit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001454 recorded image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
- G07D5/005—Testing the surface pattern, e.g. relief
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting an embossed image a coin in a slot machine.
- Coin machines such as coin validators discriminate a given Set of coins in a very short time. These are a series of procedures a number of which are the coinage material as distinguishing criteria starts. The thickness and diameter of the coin are also used for differentiation. However, it is not excluded for the world monetary system that for different coins the same or almost identical blanks are used. An important distinguishing feature for the coins is therefore the embossed image.
- the present invention is based on the object, a method for detection to provide an embossed image of a coin that is suitable, with simple Means in a slot machine reliably a real or false signal for the Recognize inserted coin.
- the coin to be recognized on a Image receiver and a light source moved past.
- the light source has at least two, preferably three lighting sections that an object field to recognizing coin from different directions, at the same angle opposite the surface normal of the object field, not overlapping with each other Illuminated wavelength ranges.
- Object field of the coin is preferred the entire embossed picture of the coin.
- the illumination of the embossed image is done for the Lighting sections at an equal angle.
- the images thus obtained become a maximum image determines at each pixel each of the maximum intensity value is assigned from the pictures.
- the real or false signal for the recorded Embossed image is determined from the maximum image.
- inventive Method is made up of an image, by separating it into sub-images that are made different directions, but with the same angle of inclination (azimuthal angle), determines a maximum image that the coin surface for recognition of the embossed image sufficiently well reproduces.
- the picture and / or the maximum picture, center and diameter to determine the coin.
- one or more are in the maximum image Circular ring segments cut out with predetermined radii.
- the values of the pixels in the maximum image along circular profile with a predetermined radius in one Frequency representation transformed.
- a Fourier transformation which is preferably designed as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) is proved to be suitable.
- the transformed spectra are using reference spectra compared with the deviation in the determination of the real or False signal is taken into account. Also in this process step has surprisingly pointed out that already the spectral comparison along Circular profile sufficient to reliably an indication of real or falsehood of the embossed picture to win.
- pairs of images are added determines the individual lighting sections differential images.
- the difference pictures allow discrimination of photographic reproductions of the Embossed and on the other hand are particularly suitable to individual cutouts from the difference images with reference patterns to a match to compare, so-called template matching. In this process will be Excerpts from images of an embossed image compared with reference images.
- a false signal is generated when the average gray value of a difference image is below a predetermined threshold.
- the separation of the images from the image is achieved by the use of filters, which are permeable to the individual wavelength ranges reached. Prefers When using a CMOS or CCD camera, mosaic filters are used.
- a first step is followed by a first step Classification of possible types of coins, taking into account the possible coin types First, those are excluded where starting from the maximum picture the mean gray value and / or the deviation outside of a predetermined one Interval lie; for the remaining coin types are transformed Spectra with the characteristic frequencies of the reference spectra compared.
- a real signal for the coin to be tested is always generated when reduces the number of possible coin types to a single possible coin type has been.
- the false signal is always generated when no Coin type is more possible.
- the 3-color SSGM (3-Color Selective Stereo Gradient Method) consists of three Special partial images of the coin are the basis for the evaluation of the topography the embossed pictures. The partial images are extracted from a single image.
- a LED color lighting ring with five LEDs of the colors red, blue and green separated by colors into three 120-degree sectors. While running the coin is triggered by a light barrier, a trigger signal both a LED flash for all three colors simultaneously triggers, as well as the camera caused to take a single picture.
- the used for recording CMOS or CCD camera is with a mosaic filter, such as a Bayer Patter equipped the information from the three sectors in the recording separates. After the separation, there are again three partial images that are too illuminate the recognizable embossed image from different directions.
- the image recordings in method step 10 is shown and is separated into three individual images in method step 12. This is on the Colors red, green and blue used.
- a differential image is calculated in step 14, the use of which ensures the security against counterfeiting of photos.
- the difference image is used only for embossing image verification; the classification is subsequently carried out on the clearly structured maximum image 16.
- step 18 is recorded in originally Picture the coin searched, cut out and in a picture format with predefined Image size, for example, 256 x 256 pixels brought. This operation will also the diameter determined.
- the images are independent of the Coin size scales to the same size, which will be discussed below Comparison of the mean gray values is important.
- step 20 a segmentation of the image takes place, starting from the image center, Circular regions are considered. It has turned out that the Disassembly of the image into an outer ring, a middle ring and a coin center is particularly advantageous for 2 euro coins.
- step 24 the average gray value for the three ring regions and the standard deviation of the gray values in the three ring regions certainly.
- the outer ring of the coin is another distinguishing feature compared.
- the outer ring is transformed into a binary image by using appropriate Thresholds converted.
- the binary images are perpendicular to each other on two standing axis projected.
- a characteristic feature of the embossed image The coin is the distance between the center-of-gravity (COG) and the geometric one Center of the picture.
- the center-of-gravity (COG) is considered to be with the Distance of weighted mean of the pixels determined.
- the picture is here scaled image in which the outer ring is considered.
- the COG is about the Axis projection method determined. Instead of a binary image can also be Gray value or color image can be used.
- Process step 24 may take place, but which is also feasible downstream, be on circular rings around the center of the scaled images gray scale profiles sampled.
- the radii of the circular rings are predetermined here.
- the values of the pixels along the circular ring profiles are Fourier transformed (FFT).
- the dominant Frequency of each FFT spectrum is determined.
- the for the five circular rings The dominant frequency determined in its entirety constitutes another characteristic feature Feature for the coin.
- step 26 a pre-comparison is performed, whether the previously obtained Measured values for the recorded coins at predetermined admissibility intervals lie.
- This comparison results in a classification in step 28.
- Step 32 performed a template match for these coin types. As shown in Fig. 3, this is the recorded image of the coin unwound and at the double angle range to avoid cuts in the Reference pattern added.
- the thus supplemented image 34 is provided with a reference pattern 36 compared. As shown in FIG. 3, for the reference pattern 36, the position in FIG Image 34 found.
- the method step 32 is a verification step in which it is checked whether a Coin type in the shortlist actually comes into consideration. It is conceivable here also a modification of the method step such that every possible coin type is folded with the reference images of all possible coin types to the coin type determine the highest match.
- step 34 for the difference image calculated in step 14 checks whether this is a stamping picture or a photo of a stamping picture is. This step can also be at the beginning of the comparison.
- a variety of different approaches can be selected become.
- two approaches have proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the size of the template pattern at the location in the image, in the pattern was found, cut out a picture detail in size of the template.
- This image detail is created by the application of thresholds in a binary image changed. For example, to set the threshold value Sum of mean gray value in the pattern plus the standard deviation of the gray values be set in the pattern.
- Other variable or fixed thresholds are conceivable.
- a difference image (Diff1) is taken from the images for red (R) and green (G).
- a second difference image (Diff2) is taken from the images for red (R) and blue (B) determined.
- Diff12 a difference image as a difference between formed the first and the second difference image.
- Diff12 max [Diff1, Diff2].
- From the finished Difference image (Diff12) becomes an unfolded and double angle range completed picture made. This picture is congruent with the one before Image produced for the pattern comparison. Out of these unfolded images becomes the same place a picture taken in size of the reference pattern.
- the extracted image sections are multiplied together and for the product the mean gray value is calculated. Is the average gray value below one predetermined fixed threshold, it is a photo. It remains in the Case of a photo after multiplication of the original image with the difference images not enough information is left in the gray values of the product image.
- the reference template can also be used be transformed into a binary image at an appropriate threshold.
- an appropriate threshold For example can again be the sum of the average gray value in the pattern plus the Standard deviation of the gray values in the pattern can be used. Others too variable or fixed thresholds are possible. It will, as described above, determines the difference images, again the two image sections, the difference value and the binary reference image, are multiplied together and used for the Product, the average gray value is calculated. Again, a missing three-dimensional Topology recognized that the average gray value below a predetermined source lies.
- step 36 After successful embossing image recognition, the recognized coin in step 36 accepted.
- FIG. 2 shows a structured diagram of the sequence of the invention Method on the example of a detection of coins of different countries.
- step 48 On the basis of the abovementioned measured values or a subgroup of these measured values a comparison is now made in step 48. If the comparison shows that the Measured values lie in a predetermined admissibility interval, so comes the corresponding Coin type shortlisted 50. Only in the frequency comparison If no uniform admissibility interval is specified, but for the Frequency three possible measured values allowed. Each of the three measured values is with one Admittance interval linked. A dominant frequency is detected when the measured frequency within one of the three before certain admissibility intervals lies.
- step 54 it is checked whether at least one type is shortlisted.
- step 56 two unfolded images are calculated, one of which first from the image scaled in step 42, and the second from the reference image is.
- step 60 for the type of coin to be checked the corresponding reference template (reference pattern) is loaded.
- step 62 the pattern is compared with one of the unfolded images generated in step 56. If the template is found in the unfolded image and exceeds the match a minimum value (step 64), then in step 66 the location of the template into the unfolded image. For the cutouts, the above described comparison producing the product image in step 68 carried out. Subsequently, the stamp image verification is performed. Is the Value for the embossing image verification bad, so in step 72 the tested one Coin also off. Should after the completion of the loop 58 more than one coin If left over, these can be the coins with the best comparative values (for example, from step 48).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Coins (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein Flußdiagramm für einen Münzprüfer,
- Fig. 2
- Nassie-Schneidermann-Diagramm für eine beispielhafte Anwendung, bei der Euromünzen aus unterschiedlichen Ländern diskriminiert werden, und
- Fig. 3
- ein Beispiel für ein in einem Unwarp-Bild erfolgreich gefundenes Referenztemplate.
Claims (16)
- Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:die zu erkennende Münze wird an einem Bildempfänger und einer Lichtquelle vorbei bewegt,die Lichtquelle besitzt mindestens zwei Beleuchtungsabschnitte, die ein Objektfeld der zu erkennenden Münze aus unterschiedlichen Richtungen, unter dem gleichen Winkel gegenüber der Flächennormalen des Objektfeldes, mit einander sich nicht überlappenden Wellenlängenbereichen beleuchtet,der Bildempfänger zeichnet eine Aufnahme des Objektfeldes auf, aus der Bilder zu den einzelnen Beleuchtungsabschnitten der einzelnen Wellenlängenbereiche gewonnen werden,ein Maximumbild wird aus den Bildern bestimmt, bei dem jedem Bildpunkt der maximale Intensitätswert aus den Bildern der einzelnen Wellenlängenbereiche zugeordnet ist,ein Echt- oder Falschsignal wird aus dem Maximumbild bestimmt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Aufnahme und/oder das Maximumbild, Mittelpunkt und Durchmesser der Münze bestimmt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Maximumbild ein oder mehrere Kreisringsegmente mit vorbestimmten Radien ausgeschnitten werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erzeugung des Echt- oder Falschsignals unter Verwendung des mittleren Grauwerts der Kreisringsegmente und/oder einer Abweichung der Grauwerte von dem mittleren Grauwert erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werte der Bildpunkte im Maximumbild entlang von Kreisringprofilen mit einem vorbestimmten Radius in eine Frequenzdarstellung transformiert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Transformation der Werte der Bildpunkte eine Fouriertransformation, insbesondere eine Schnellfouriertransformation (FFT) ausgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die transformierten Spektren mit Referenzspektren verglichen werden und die Abweichungen bei der Bestimmung der Echt- oder Falschsignale berücksichtigt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus Paaren von Bildern zu den einzelnen Beleuchtungsabschnitten Differenzbilder bestimmt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein oder mehrere Ausschnitte aus den Differenzbildern mit Referenzmustern auf ihre Übereinstimmung hin verglichen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennung der Aufnahme in Bilder zu den einzelnen Beleuchtungsabschnitten über Filter erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Trennung der Aufnahme in Bilder ein Mosaik-Filter für eine CMOS- oder CCD-Kamera eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Falschsignal generiert wird, wenn der mittlere Grauwert eines Differenzbildes unter einem vorbestimmten Schwellwert liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßin einem ersten Schritt zunächst eine Klassifikation von möglichen Münztypen erfolgt, wobei von den möglichen Münztypen zunächst diejenigen ausgeschlossen werden, bei denen ausgehend von dem Maximumbild der mittlere Grauwert und/oder die Abweichung außerhalb von einem vorbestimmten Intervall liegen und/oder die transformierten Spektren mit ihren charakteristischen Frequenzen von vorbestimmten Referenzspektren der Münztypen abweichen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für nach einem Vergleich noch verbleibende Münztypen ein oder mehrere Differenzbilder aus den Bildern zu den Wellenlängenbereichen bestimmen und ausschnittsweise mit Referenzmustern des noch zu vergleichenden Münztyps verglichen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Echtsignal immer dann erzeugt wird, wenn die Anzahl der möglichen Münztypen auf einen einzigen Münztyp reduziert wurde.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Falschsignal immer dann erzeugt wird, wenn die Anzahl der möglichen Münztypen auf Null reduziert wurde.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10300608 | 2003-01-10 | ||
DE10300608A DE10300608B4 (de) | 2003-01-10 | 2003-01-10 | Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1437691A1 EP1437691A1 (de) | 2004-07-14 |
EP1437691B1 true EP1437691B1 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
Family
ID=32478189
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03028395A Expired - Lifetime EP1437691B1 (de) | 2003-01-10 | 2003-12-11 | Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebildes einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7004299B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1437691B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10300608B4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2246035T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060032726A1 (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-16 | Vook Dietrich W | Optical inspection system for reconstructing three-dimensional images of coins and for sorting coins |
DE102005028669A1 (de) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-28 | Walter Hanke Mechanische Werkstätten GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung einer in einen Münzprüfer eingegebenen Münze unter Verwendung ihres Prägebildes |
AT507222B1 (de) * | 2008-10-07 | 2010-03-15 | Novotech Elektronik Gmbh | Automatische durchmesserermittlung von münzen |
US8661889B2 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2014-03-04 | Duane C. Blake | AURA devices and methods for increasing rare coin value |
DE102012014958A1 (de) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-13 | Crane Payment Solutions Gmbh | Münze und Verfahren zum Prüfen der Münze |
CA3029069A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 | 2017-12-28 | Ultra Electronics Forensic Technology Inc. | Detection of surface irregularities in coins |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD296769A5 (de) * | 1990-07-18 | 1991-12-12 | Act Gesellschaft Fuer Soft- Und Hardwaresysteme Mbh,De | Anordnung zur pruefung der physikalischen eigenschaften von muenzen |
US5220614A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1993-06-15 | Professional Coin Grading Service, Inc. | Automated coin grading system |
DE4227613A1 (de) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-02-24 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Druckbildern auf Dokumenten |
JPH09305768A (ja) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-11-28 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 画像パターン識別装置 |
EP0898163B1 (de) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-11-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Prüfung bewegter Oberflächen |
SE523567C2 (sv) * | 1999-01-08 | 2004-04-27 | Scan Coin Ind Ab | Myntsärskiljande anordning och metod |
DE19909851C2 (de) * | 1999-03-08 | 2003-09-04 | Zimmermann Gmbh & Co Kg F | Vorrichtung zur Unterscheidung falscher von echten Münzen |
JP2001175912A (ja) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-29 | Laurel Bank Mach Co Ltd | 硬貨判別装置 |
US6685000B2 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2004-02-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Nippon Conlux | Coin discrimination method and device |
DE10051009A1 (de) * | 2000-10-14 | 2002-05-02 | Nat Rejectors Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Prägebilds einer Münze in einem Münzautomaten |
US20020186878A1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-12 | Hoon Tan Seow | System and method for multiple image analysis |
-
2003
- 2003-01-10 DE DE10300608A patent/DE10300608B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-11 DE DE50300950T patent/DE50300950D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-11 EP EP03028395A patent/EP1437691B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-11 ES ES03028395T patent/ES2246035T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-01-10 US US10/754,884 patent/US7004299B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2246035T3 (es) | 2006-02-01 |
DE50300950D1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
DE10300608A1 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
DE10300608B4 (de) | 2004-09-30 |
US7004299B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
US20040168881A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
EP1437691A1 (de) | 2004-07-14 |
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