EP1432743A2 - Hydrophile emulgatoren auf basis von polyisobutylen - Google Patents

Hydrophile emulgatoren auf basis von polyisobutylen

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Publication number
EP1432743A2
EP1432743A2 EP02800121A EP02800121A EP1432743A2 EP 1432743 A2 EP1432743 A2 EP 1432743A2 EP 02800121 A EP02800121 A EP 02800121A EP 02800121 A EP02800121 A EP 02800121A EP 1432743 A2 EP1432743 A2 EP 1432743A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optionally
compounds
general formula
group
compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02800121A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stephan Hüffer
Gregor Schürmann
Ralf NÖRENBERG
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BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Publication of EP1432743A2 publication Critical patent/EP1432743A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F10/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
    • C08F10/08—Butenes
    • C08F10/10—Isobutene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
    • C23F11/173—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/46—Reaction with unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, e.g. maleinisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
    • C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C08G81/024—Block or graft polymers containing sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F and of polymers of C08G
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/22—Amides or hydrazides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/008—Polymeric surface-active agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds based on polyisobutylene and mixtures thereof, which are suitable as emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions, processes for the preparation of such compounds and the emulsions themselves.
  • the invention further relates to preparations containing the compounds according to the invention and their use in corrosion protection and method for treating metal surfaces with the compounds according to the invention or the preparations according to the invention.
  • the older, unpublished DE-A 100 03 105 describes the use of alkoxylated polyisobutylenes as emulsifiers in water-in-fuel emulsions.
  • alkoxylated polyisobutylenes can be described by the general formula R (-CH 2 ) n (-OA) m - OH.
  • R is a polyisobutylene with a weight average molecular weight of 300 to 2300, preferably 500 to 2000.
  • A is an alkylene radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • the number m is a number from 1 to 200, which is chosen such that the alkoxylated polyisobutylene contains 0.2 to 1.5 alkylene oxide units per C unit, preferably 0.5 alkylene oxide units per C 4 unit; n is either 0 or 1.
  • drilling fluids which contain both graft or block copolymers of polycarboxylic acids and polyethylene glycol and also compounds which consist of a succinic anhydride substituted with a polyisobutylenyl group, preferably with a number average molecular weight M n of 400 to 5000, and Po - Lyols, polyamines, hydroxycarboxylic acids or amino alcohols are produced.
  • US 4,708,753 discloses water-in-fuel emulsions which contain, among other things, mono- or diamine salts of succinic acid or monoamine salts of succinic acid half-esters or succinic acid halamides as emulsifiers. These half-esters or half-amides are formed by reacting alkanolamines, polyamines, oligoalcohols or polyols with succinic anhydrides which are combined with C 2 oC 5 oo-K ⁇ Menhydrogenrest such as polyiso- butylenyl groups are substituted. In the examples, only the salts of succinic acids, their half-esters and half-amides are described, which carry a polyisobutylenyl group with a number average molecular weight of 950 and 1700, respectively.
  • WO 00/15740 discloses water-in-fuel emulsions which contain, as emulsifiers, two succinic acid derivatives linked via a linker, such as alkanolamine, polyamine or polyol, which are substituted by hydrocarbon radicals, such as polyisobutylenyl groups, in one embodiment the one succinic acid derivative being a polyisobutylenyl group with 8 up to 25 carbon atoms and the other succinic acid derivative contains a polyisobutylenyl group with 50 to 400 carbon atoms.
  • a linker such as alkanolamine, polyamine or polyol
  • hydrocarbon radicals such as polyisobutylenyl groups
  • EP-A 0 156 572 describes the use of surface-active substances (for the preparation of water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions) based on succinic acid derivatives substituted with polyisobutylenyl groups, preferably with a number average molecular weight M n of 400 to 5000.
  • succinic acid derivatives are reacted, for example, with amino acids, hydroxy acids, polyols, polyamines and alkanolamines and then reacted with phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid in order to introduce anionic groups.
  • phosphoric acid sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid
  • phosphonate and carboxymethyl groups are also mentioned as anionic groups.
  • Acidic anionic groups can be neutralized by reaction with NH 3 , amines or alkanolamines.
  • the abovementioned compounds known from the prior art are usually not or only poorly suitable as emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions. They also have various disadvantages with regard to manufacture and / or product properties. With some compounds, by-products are obtained in the synthesis in different yields, which - if they are not removed - can make it difficult to establish a constant viscosity of the emulsifier. Disadvantages can also arise in the production of emulsions; the emulsions often have insufficient stability, so that phase separation occurs during storage. The emulsifiers used must therefore be used in high concentrations to enable the formation of a stable emulsion.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide further compounds which can be used as emulsifiers in oil-in-water emulsions.
  • the above object is achieved by compounds of the general formula (I)
  • -L 1 and -L 2 independently of one another stand for -A 1 , -A 2 , -NH 2 or for -OTMT ⁇ , one of the two being -A 1 , or
  • M 1 "stands for ⁇ , an alkali metal cation, 0.5 alkaline earth metal cations, further metal cations or NH 4 + , where in NH + one or more H can be replaced by C 1 -C 4 alkyl radicals,
  • R represents a linear or branched saturated C 3 -C 2 -hydrocarbon radical or a cyclic or heterocyclic saturated C -C 12 -hydrocarbon radical which has at least two components selected from the group in the C 3 -C 2 hydrocarbon chain and optionally one or more -OH, -NH, -NH 3 + and / or -C (H) O in the C 3 -C 2 - hydrocarbon chain and / or one or more does not contains adjacent -O- and / or - N (H) -, where in the -N (H) -, -NH 2 or -NH 3 + one or more H may be replaced by C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals,
  • R 1 and R 2 independently of one another stand for a linear saturated C 2 -C 12 hydrocarbon residue or for a branched saturated C -C 2 hydrocarbon residue, the two hydrocarbon residues together at least two components selected from the group
  • a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i and j in the individual building blocks are the same or different and are integers from 1 to 50.
  • the other metal cations can be, for example, cations of the metals zinc, zirconium, titanium, tungsten and vanadium - in a suitable form. Specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, are Zn + and ZrO 2+ . IR
  • the invention also relates to compounds of the general formula (II)
  • k, 1 and the sum of m and n in the individual units are the same or different and are integers from 4 to 50.
  • the invention also relates to compounds of the general formula (V)
  • -L 5 and -L 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of -O ⁇
  • H 1 " an alkali metal cation, 0.5 alkaline earth metal cations, further metal cations or NH 4 + and one or more H in NH can be replaced by C alkyl radicals, and
  • k, 1 and the sum of m and n in the individual units are the same or different and are integers from 4 to 50.
  • the other metal cations can be, for example, cations of the metals zinc, zirconium, titanium, tungsten and vanadium - in a suitable form. Specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, are Zn 2+ and ZrO 2+ .
  • the compounds of the general formulas (I), (II) and (V) can be used either individually or in a mixture with one another and with one another, wherever an efficient reduction of the surface tension and an adequate chemical resistance are required.
  • the invention therefore relates to their use for the preparation of emulsions for metal processing (as constituents of cutting oils) and for emulsion polymerization, their use as surfactants instead of fluorosurfactants in galvanochemistry, their use for hydrophobizing metal surfaces, their use as Foam damper and as a solubilizer for oils in washing and cleaning formulations or for the solubilization of fragrances (perfumes) and care oils for cosmetic applications (hair care products such as shampoo) etc.
  • the compounds of the general formula (I), (II) and / or ( V) can also be used in the tanning or washing and degreasing of leather instead of alkylphenol ethoxylates, in particular nonylphenol ethoxylates, and as a wetting agent for paints, varnishes and adhesives on an aqueous basis. Further operational
  • the compounds according to the invention offer the treatment of metal surfaces, in particular for corrosion protection (see below).
  • the compounds according to the invention are amphiphilic, the hydrophilic character predominating.
  • the lipopMle part is formed by the polyisobutylene group which is linked to the hydrophilic part via the "linker" succinic acid.
  • This hydrophilic part is characterized in that there is no single linear polyethylene glycol chain, but several (at least two) polyethylene glycol chains. This causes a globular, non-linear structure of the hydrophilic part.
  • the proportion of A 1 + A 2 in the compound of the general formula (I) is at least 15% by weight, preferably 30% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 60% by weight, and / or
  • R represents a linear or branched saturated C 4 -C 2 hydrocarbon radical which has 3 to 10 substituents selected from the group -O [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] f H and -
  • R and R independently of one another represent two linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon radicals with a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, the total of 3 to 10 substituents selected from the group -O [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] f H and -N (H) [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] h H and optionally one or more -OH , -NH 2 and or -C (H) O carry and / or contain one or more -O- and / or -N (H) -, and f and h in the individual substituents are identical or different and are integers from 1 to Are 10, or
  • R represents a linear or branched saturated C -C 2 -hydrocarbon radical which has 3 to 10 substituents selected from the group -O [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] f H and -N (H) [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] h H and optionally one or more -OH, -NH 2 and / or -C (H) O and / or one or more -O- and / or -N (H) -, and f and h are the same or different in the individual substituents and are integers from 1 to 10.
  • R represents a linear or branched saturated C -Ci2 hydrocarbon radical which has 3 to 10, in particular 3 to 6, -O [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] fH substituents and optionally one or more -OH and / or - C (H) O bears, where f in the individual -O [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] fH substituents is the same or different and is an integer from 1 to 10, or
  • R represents a linear or branched saturated C -C 2 -hydrocarbon radical which has 3 to 10, in particular 3 to 6, -O [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] fH substituents and optionally one or more -OH and / or -C (H) O bears, where f in the individual -O [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] fH substituents is the same or different and is an integer from 1 to 10.
  • the compounds of the general formulas (II) and (V) are preferred - in particular for use in corrosion protection
  • the proportion of L 3 + L 4 in the compound of the general formula (II) or the proportion L 5 + L 6 in the compound of the general formula (V) at least 15% by weight, preferably 30% by weight, is particularly preferably 40 to 60% by weight, and / or
  • a polyisobutylenyl group with a number average molecular weight M n from 300 to 1200 (low molecular weight compounds), in particular from 300 to 1000, particularly preferably from 350 to 950, very particularly preferably from 350 to 750, or for a polyisobutylenyl group with a number average molecular weight M n is from 2000 to 10000 (high molecular weight compounds), in particular from 2000 to 5500, particularly preferably from 2200 to 4500.
  • half esters and half amides ie the compounds of the general formula (N), where M is " in particular H 1" or ⁇ Hj + , where one or more H in NH 4 + is replaced by C 1 -C 4 alkyl radicals could be.
  • the present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of the compounds of the general formula (I) which contain the following process steps: a) reaction of polyisobutylene with fumaric acid dichloride, fumaric acid, maleic acid dichloride, maleic acid or maleic anhydride to give compounds of the general formula (purple), (Illb) or (IIIc),
  • step b) reaction of the compounds of general formula (purple), (Illb) or (IIIc) obtained by step a) with a polar reaction partner selected from the group R * OH, R * NH 2 and R 1 * R 2 * NH and
  • R * stands for a linear or branched saturated Cs-C ⁇ hydrocarbon radical or for a cyclic or heterocyclic saturated C 4 -C 2 -hydrocarbon radical which has at least two components selected from the group -OH, -N (H) - and -NH 2 and optionally carries one or more -NH 3 + and / or -C (H) O and / or contains one or more non-adjacent -O-,
  • R 1 * and R 2 * independently of one another represent a linear saturated C 2 -C 2 hydrocarbon radical or a branched saturated C 3 -C 2 hydrocarbon radical, the two hydrocarbon radicals together at least two components selected from the group -OH , -N (H) - and -NH 2 and optionally carry one or more -NH 3 + and / or -C (H) O and / or contain one or more non-adjacent -O-, where in the -N (H) -, -NH 2 and / or -NH 3 + one or more H may be replaced by C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, but still at least two building blocks selected from the group -OH, - N (H) - and -NH 2 must be present as such.
  • reaction of polyisobutylene with fumaric acid, maleic acid or their derivatives mentioned above is carried out according to methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the reaction is carried out analogously to the processes described in DE-A 195 19 042, DE-A 43 19 671 and DE-A 43 19 672 for the reaction of polyisobutylenes with maleic anhydride.
  • the reaction with maleic anhydride is preferred.
  • the succinic anhydrides thus substituted with a polyisobutylene group generally have a ratio of 0.9 to 1.5, preferably 0.9 to 1.1, Succinic anhydride group per polyisobutylene chain.
  • Each polyisobutylene chain particularly preferably carries only one succinic anhydride group.
  • succinic acid semiesters are opened, if appropriate with the opening of the lactone ring (compound (purple)) receive or half amides.
  • Suitable polar reactants R * OH, R * NH 2 and R 1 * R 2 * NH are alkanolamines, oligoamines, polyamines, oligoalcohols, polyols and monosaccharides, disaccharides and hydroxycarboxylic acids which contain at least 3, preferably 4 to 11, particularly preferably 4 to 7 , Components selected from the group -OH, -N (H) - and -NH 2 , and optionally carry one or more -NH 3 + and / or -C (H) O and / or contain non-adjacent -O-.
  • one or more H in the -N (H) -, -NH 2 and / or -NH + can be replaced by C 1 -C 4 - alkyl radicals.
  • the conversion ratio of the substituted succinic acid derivatives (purple), (Ulb) or (IIIc) to the polar reactants R * OH, R * NH 2 and R X * R 2 * NH is generally 1: (0.75 to 2), preferably 1: (0.8 to 1.2), particularly preferably 1: 1.
  • the reaction products are then reacted with ethylene oxide (step c)), as a result of which polyethylene glycol chains are built up.
  • the -OH, -N (H) - and / or -NH 2 present become
  • f, g, h, i and j are the same or different in the individual building blocks and are integers from 1 to 50, preferably from 1 to 10.
  • the existing CO 2 H groups and / or the optionally present amide nitrogen of the substituted succinic acid derivatives can react with ethylene oxide - to give compounds of the general formula (I) with -A 2 in the meaning of
  • b, c, d and e are the same or different and are integers from 1 to 50, preferably from 1 to 10.
  • the amount of ethylene oxide is chosen according to the desired length of the polyethylene glycol chains, and is generally in a range from 5 to 50 mol ethylene oxide / kg succinic acid derivative. In general, mixtures of compounds of the general formula (I) are obtained which are distinguished by polyethylene glycol chains of different lengths.
  • the amount of ethylene oxide is preferably selected so that the proportion of the hydrophilic radical A + A in the compound of the general formula (I) is at least 15% by weight, preferably 30% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 60% by weight , is.
  • the -COC1 which is still present after the reaction steps a) to c) mentioned is optionally hydrolyzed to give -CO 2 H (step d)).
  • the existing -COC1 can also be reacted directly, as can the existing -CO 2 H with NH 3 , amines, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or other metal salts to give the corresponding salts (step e)).
  • step a) of the process for the preparation of the compounds of the general formula (I) polyisobutylenes with a number average molecular weight M n from 300 to 10,000, preferably from 300 to 1200 or from 2000 to 10,000, particularly preferably from 300 to 1000 or from 2000 to 5500, very particularly preferably from 350 to 950 or from 2200 to 4500.
  • polyisobutylenes with a number-average molecular weight M n in the ranges mentioned preference is given to those which have a high content of vinylidene groups.
  • Polyisobutylenes which have a number-average molecular weight M n in the abovementioned ranges, a high content of vinylidene groups and a uniform polymer skeleton structure are particularly preferably used.
  • polyisobutylenes with a number-average molecular weight M n in the ranges mentioned, a high content of vinylidene groups and a uniform framework structure which have a polydispersity 3,0 3.0, preferably from 1.1 to 2.5, particularly preferably from 1, 1 to 2.0.
  • Polydispersity means the quotient M w / M n from the weight-average molecular weight M w and the number-average molecular weight M n .
  • Polyisobutylenes with a number-average molecular weight M n in the ranges mentioned, which are essentially composed of isobutylene units and have a high content of vinylidene groups, are available, for example, under the trade name Glisopal® from BASF AG Ludwigshafen, such as GHssopal® 2300 with an M n of 2300, Glissopal® 1000 with an M "of 1000 and GHssopal® V 33 with an M" of 550.
  • Suitable alkanolamines, oligoamines, polyamines, oligoalcohols and polyols which can be used to prepare the compounds of the general formula (I) according to the invention are described, for example, in WO 00/15740.
  • alkanolamines are diethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, N- (2-hydoxypropyl) -N '- (2-aminoethyl) piperazine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, glucamine, glucosamine, N- (3-aminopropyl) -4- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperidine, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) - 1, 3 -diaminopropane, 1, 3 - Diamino-2-hydroxypropane, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N- (2-hydroxyethoxyethyl) ethylenediamine, l- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, monohydroxypropyl-substituted diethylene
  • the salts of the alkanolamines mentioned can also be used.
  • one or more of the H atoms bound to N atoms can optionally be replaced by Ci-C4-alkyl groups.
  • Suitable oligoamines are linear or branched C 3 -C 12 alkanes which carry at least three building blocks selected from the group -N (H) - and -NH 2 .
  • Examples are triethylene tetramine, tripropylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine and hexaethylene heptamine.
  • polyalkylene polyamines such as polymethylene polyamines, polyethylene polyamines, polypropylene polyamines, polybutylene polyamines and polypentylene polyamines; see also “Ethylene Amines” in Kirk Othmer's “Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 2nd edition, volume 7, pp. 22-37, Interscience Publishers, New York 1965, which contains at least three components selected from the group -N (H) - and Have -NH 2 .
  • Suitable oligoalcohols and polyols are (mono-, di-) pentaerythritol, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, 1,2,5- and 2,3,4-hexanetriol, 1,2,3 - and 1,2,4-butanetriol, 2,2,6,6-tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexanol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-l, 3-propanediol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-ethyl-l, 3-propanediol, sorbitol, mannitol and inositol.
  • alkanolamines such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
  • oligoalcohols such as sorbitol and pentaerythritol or monosaccharides such as pentoses and hexoses is preferred.
  • Suitable amines for salt formation in step e) of the process according to the invention are primary, secondary and tertiary amines which carry linear C 1 -C 4 or branched C 3 -C 6 alkyl groups. These alkyl groups can also be substituted with one or more -OH. Examples are diethylamine, diisopropylamine, trimethylamine, mono-, di- and triethanolamine and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane.
  • Suitable alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts are the hydroxides and oxides of Li, Na, K, Mg and Ca, as well as (complex) salts of Zn, Zr, Ti, W and V.
  • hydroxides one works with stoichiometric amounts, otherwise one Hydrolysis of the succinic acid ester occurs.
  • the present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of the compounds of the general formulas (II) and (V) which contain the following process steps:
  • -L 5 and -L 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of -O
  • k, 1 and the sum of m and n in the individual units are the same or different and are integers from 4 to 50.
  • Steps ⁇ ) and ⁇ ) are carried out analogously to steps a) and c) of the process described for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (I).
  • the reaction with polyethylene glycol takes place according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a compound of formula (II) or (V) is included.
  • the oligo- or polyethylene glycol has 4 to 50 ethylene glycol units.
  • the compounds of the invention and their mixtures can be used in a variety of ways, e.g. B. as a solubilizer for oils, as a foam damper, as a hydrophobizing agent (metals) and generally for the production of oil-in-water emulsions.
  • the compounds according to the invention and their mixtures can moreover be used as chemically inert surfactants in galvanochemistry.
  • the compounds according to the invention and their mixtures are suitable as emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions in which the oil phase is formed from paraffins, mineral oils, vegetable oils, animal oils and fats and / or silicone oils.
  • the compounds according to the invention and their mixtures are particularly advantageously used as emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions in which the oil phase is formed from paraffins, mineral oils and vegetable oils.
  • Oil-in-water emulsions according to the invention generally contain 60 up to 95% by weight of water, 3 to 35% by weight of oil and 0.2 to 10% by weight of at least one compound according to the invention.
  • the oil-in-water emulsions according to the present invention can have further components in addition to the components mentioned above.
  • further emulsifiers such as sodium lauryl sulfate, (quaternary) ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate, alkyl glycosides, lecithins, polyethylene glycol ethers and esters, sorbitan oleates, stearates and ricinolates, C 3 -oxoalcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates, as well as block copolymers from ethylene and block copolymers the Pluronic® types from BASF AG Ludwigshafen.
  • further emulsifiers such as sodium lauryl sulfate, (quaternary) ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate, alkyl glycosides, lecithins, polyethylene glycol ethers and esters, sorbitan oleates, stearates and
  • Sorbitan monooleate, C 13 oxo alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates, for example octyl and nonylphenol ethoxylates, are preferably used as further emulsifiers.
  • a combination of one or more of the above-mentioned further emulsifiers together with the compounds according to the invention is preferably used for the oil-in-water emulsions according to the invention.
  • these further emulsifiers are used, this is done in amounts of 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight, based on the overall composition.
  • the amount of this further emulsifier is chosen such that the total amount of emulsifier does not exceed the amount of 0.2 to 10% by weight stated for the compounds according to the invention alone.
  • the compounds according to the invention are mixed with the water, the oil and the further, optionally usable components and emulsified in a manner known per se.
  • the emulsification can be carried out in a rotor mixer, by means of a mixing nozzle or by an ultrasound probe. Particularly good results have been achieved if a mixing nozzle of the type described in DE-A 198 56 604 has been used.
  • Oil-in-water emulsions for emulsion polymerization can also be produced, as can oil-in-water emulsions for the cosmetics sector, since the fragrances and care oils can be solubilized.
  • the compounds according to the invention also have corrosion-inhibiting and wear-reducing properties.
  • oil-in-water emulsions are, for example, antioxidants, stabilizers, wear protection additives, dyes and biocides such as glutardialdehyde or glyoxal.
  • stabilizers are those based on amines such as p-phenylenediamine, dicyclohexylamine or derivatives thereof or on phenols such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid.
  • the compounds of the general formulas (I), (II) and (N) can also be used as anti-corrosion agents.
  • Corrosion of metals is a problem in the manufacture, processing and use of articles containing metals.
  • Protective films and / or corrosion inhibitors are therefore used to slow down or prevent corrosion. puts. While a protective film is permanently applied to the metal, a corrosion inhibitor is usually added to substances - such as liquid mixtures - that would cause or accelerate corrosion if they come into contact with the metal.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to preparations for treating metal surfaces, in particular for corrosion protection
  • Metal surfaces suitable for using the preparation according to the invention generally comprise technically customary materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum and magnesium alloys, iron, steel, copper, zinc, tin, nickel, chromium and technically customary alloys of these metals.
  • Other suitable metal surfaces are precious metals, especially gold and silver and their alloys.
  • metal coatings that can be produced chemically or electrochemically, selected from the group consisting of zinc and its alloys, preferably metallic zinc, zinc / iron, zinc / nickel, zinc / manganese or zinc / cobalt Alloys, tin and its alloys, preferably metallic tin, tin alloys containing Cu, Sb, Pb, Ag, Bi and Zn, particularly preferably those used as solders, for example in the manufacture and processing of printed circuit boards, and Copper is preferred in the form in which it is used on printed circuit boards and metallized plastic parts.
  • zinc and its alloys preferably metallic zinc, zinc / iron, zinc / nickel, zinc / manganese or zinc / cobalt Alloys, tin and its alloys, preferably metallic tin, tin alloys containing Cu, Sb, Pb, Ag, Bi and Zn, particularly preferably those used as solders, for example in the manufacture and processing of printed circuit boards, and Copper is preferred in the form in which it is used on printed circuit
  • Component A is preferably a compound of the general formula (II) and (V). Of the compounds of the general formula (II) and (V), the compounds in which
  • At least one of the two radicals L 3 and L 4 or L 5 and L 6 ⁇ OTVT 1 " ie the half esters and half amides or the diesters and diamides, and / or
  • the proportion of L 3 + L 4 in the compound of the general formula (II) or the proportion L 5 + L 6 in the compound of the general formula (V) at least 15% by weight, preferably 30% by weight, is particularly preferably 40 to 60% by weight, and / or
  • a polyisobutylenyl group with a number average molecular weight M n from 300 to 1200 (low molecular weight compounds), in particular from 300 to 1000, particularly preferably from 350 to 950, very particularly preferably from 350 to 750, or for a polyisobutylenyl group with a number average molecular weight M n is from 2000 to 10000 (high molecular weight compounds), in particular from 2000 to 5500, particularly preferably from 2200 to 4500.
  • the half esters and half amides are particularly preferred, where M 4 is " in particular H 4" or NH 4 4 " , where in NH t + one or more H are denoted by C 1 -C - Alkyl residues can be replaced.
  • solvent B Both individual solvents and solvent mixtures of two or more solvents can be used as solvent B).
  • Suitable solvents / mixtures are those which are capable of dissolving, dispersing, the selected compound (s) of the general formula (I), (II) and / or (V) (component (s) A) suspend or emulsify.
  • organic solvents can be organic solvents or mixtures thereof or water.
  • organic solvents include hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene or mixtures, e.g. obtained from the refining of crude oil and e.g. are commercially available as petroleum spirit, kerosene, Solvesso® (from ExxonMobil Chemical based in Houston) or Risella® (from Shell in Hamburg).
  • Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, ether alcohols such as butyl glycol, ether glycol acetates such as butyl glycol acetate, ketones such as acetone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or propanol.
  • Preparations which comprise a predominantly aqueous solvent mixture are preferred. These are to be understood as meaning mixtures which contain at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 65% by weight and particularly preferably at least 80% by weight of water. Other components in these mixtures are water-miscible solvents. Examples include monoalcohols such as methanol, ethanol or propanol, higher alcohols such as ethylene glycol or polyether polyols and ether alcohols such as butyl glycol or methoxypropanol. Preparations which comprise water as a solvent are particularly preferred.
  • the amount of component / n A) dissolved, dispersed, suspended or emulsified in the solvent is determined by the person skilled in the art depending on the type of component / n A) and on the desired application. As a rule, the amount is from 0.1 to 500 g / 1, preferably from 0.5 to 100 g / 1 and particularly preferably from 1 to 50 g / 1, without the invention being intended to be restricted thereto. This information refers to a ready-to-use preparation. Of course, concentrates can also be manufactured that are only diluted to the desired concentration on site before they are actually used.
  • the preparations according to the invention can also comprise further components.
  • These can be, for example, dispersing aids, emulsifying agents or surface-active compounds.
  • examples include cationic, anionic, zwitterionic or non-ionic surfactants, such as alkyl alkoxylates with ethylene and / or propylene oxide units.
  • the preparations can also contain further corrosion inhibitors, such as, for example, butynediol, benzotriazole, aldehydes, amine carboxylates or suitable phosphoric acid esters.
  • further corrosion inhibitors such as, for example, butynediol, benzotriazole, aldehydes, amine carboxylates or suitable phosphoric acid esters.
  • Pigments for example conductivity pigments such as carbon black, graphite or iron phosphide or corrosion protection pigments such as zinc or calcium phosphates can also be used, for example.
  • These auxiliaries and additives are generally in finely divided form, i.e. their average particle diameters are generally 0.005 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • polystyrene (meth) acrylate copolymers examples include (meth) acrylates, styrene (meth) acrylate copolymers or epoxies.
  • the invention also relates to a method for treating metal surfaces, in which the metal surface is brought into contact with a preparation according to the invention.
  • Untreated metal surfaces can be used.
  • the metal surfaces are preferably cleaned before the treatment. Cleaning preferably includes degreasing the metal surface. Suitable cleaning or degreasing processes are known to the person skilled in the art. It is also possible to use the preparation according to the invention in a process step following pickling or passivation of the metal surface, for example in a painting step.
  • the preparations according to the invention can also be used as cleaning, pickling and polishing formulations which contain additives known to the person skilled in the art and can be used in corresponding processes.
  • the method according to the invention can include the following steps, for example:
  • washing with water takes place between the process steps in order to avoid contamination of the solution used for the next process step with the previous solution.
  • a metal surface is brought into contact with it, for example by spraying, dipping or painting. This can include rust removal, paint stripping, metal pickling, electropolishing or corrosion protection.
  • the preparations according to the invention are preferably used in methods for corrosion protection.
  • it can be a method for corrosion protection, in which a metallic surface is coated with the preparation according to the invention.
  • the solvent contained in the preparation according to the invention is largely removed, for example by simple evaporation, preferably by a drying step, and a dense film protecting the metal surface from the component (s) (A) (polymer film) and any other components present remain on the metal surface ,
  • the polymer film can of course still contain residues of solvents.
  • Step V5) can also involve passivation, in particular phosphating - according to methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the preparation according to the invention comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ce, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Zr, Ca, Mn, Cr, Mo, W, Si or B Cr (III) salts, chromates, molybdates and tungstates and fluorometalates of Ti (IV), Zr (IV), Hf (IV) and Si (IV) are preferred in acidic formulations.
  • the metal surface can be provided with further coatings, for example lacquers or coatings.
  • the coatings are applied by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • Corrosion protection layers applied with the preparation according to the invention have very good adhesion to metallic surfaces and with subsequent coating layers and impart permanent corrosion protection. They are also weather and washable. The metal surfaces coated in this way are also the subject of the present invention.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the compounds of the general formula (I), (II) and (V) according to the invention for treating metals.
  • the compounds of the general formula (I), (II) and (V) according to the invention can be used as such in bulk. For example, they can be sprayed or poured onto a metallic surface, if necessary after slight heating.
  • composition of the compounds produced can be found in Table 1.
  • GHssopal® from BASF AG Ludwigshafen with a number average molecular weight M n of 550 to 1000, a proportion of vinylidene end groups of> 70 mol%, a polydispersity M w / M n in the range from 1.1 to 1.4 and a polymer framework with more than 85 wt .-% isobutylene units used.
  • Mihagol a mixture of from Wintershall AG, based in Kassel, or Solvesso® 150, a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons, from ExxonMobil Chemical, based in Houston.
  • Clariant GmbH - Sulzbach commercially available under the name Ambossol®, was used as the ion exchanger.
  • polyisobutylenes were maleinated to the corresponding succinic anhydrides by methods known per se and are described, for example, in DE-A 195 19 042, DE-A 43 19 671 and DE-A 43 19 672.
  • the compounds obtained were characterized by the acid number, the OH number, the number average molecular weight M n , which was determined by gel permeation chromatography, and the polydispersity M w / M n .
  • M w was also determined by gel permeation chromatography.
  • the OH number was determined solvent-adjusted, ie the OH number of the compounds in the respective solvent was measured and then extrapolated to the pure substance.
  • a 21 four-necked flask with stirrer, distillation bridge and thermocouple is filled with 525 g PIBSA 550, 650 g Mihagol and 175 g trihydroxymethylaminomethane (TRIS).
  • the mixture is gradually heated to 130 ° C or 170 ° C. Released water is removed using a stream of nitrogen; the reaction time is 3 hours. (The OH number was determined to be 250 when adjusted for solvent.)
  • a 50% by weight solution in Mihagol is prepared.
  • the reaction is then carried out using ethylene oxide and potassium tert-butoxide as a catalyst.
  • Two degrees of ethoxylation are set with 7 mol and 11 mol ethylene oxide / kg solution (products AI and A2).
  • the orange-brown product is stirred for 60 minutes at 60 ° C. with the addition of 5 g of water and 10 g of the ion exchanger Ambossol® per 100 g of product solution and then filtered.
  • PIB stands for a polyisobutylene group.
  • x, y and z are integers, the sum of which is 7 and 11, respectively.
  • a 21 four-necked flask with stirrer, distillation bridge and thermocouple is filled with 690 g PIBSA 1000, 650 g Solvesso® 150 and 150 g trihydroxymethylaminomethane (TRIS).
  • the mixture is gradually heated to 130 ° C or 170 ° C. Released water is removed using a stream of nitrogen; the reaction time is 3 hours. (The OH number was determined to be 158 when adjusted for solvent.)
  • Example 2 Examples of use of the compounds of the general formula (I)
  • connection A2 excellent foam damping is achieved in the temperature range up to 50 ° C, while D and E show good to very good foam damping in the entire temperature range.
  • VA steel test sheets are first cleaned in dichloromethane. Then an aqueous 0.01% by weight solution of a compound of the general formula (I), optionally with the addition of a neutral solubilizer, such as e.g. Lutensol FA 10K, a fatty amine ethoxylate from BASF AG Ludwigshafen, is manufactured and the sheets are stored in this solution for 1-2 days. After removal and rinsing with demineralized water, the sheets are dried. A drop of water is carefully applied with a syringe. The contact angle is measured using a goniometer (type G2) from Krüss, based in Hamburg, in comparison to the untreated sample. The larger the contact angle, the smaller the contact area between water drops and metal surface.
  • a neutral solubilizer such as e.g. Lutensol FA 10K, a fatty amine ethoxylate from BASF AG Ludwigshafen
  • the sample using compound D shows a contact angle of 90 °; the sample using the compound AI shows a contact angle of 97 °.
  • an untreated, cleaned sheet has a value of approx. 70 °. Accordingly, treatment with solutions containing compounds of the general formula (I) results in the hydrophobization of metal surfaces.
  • a compound of the general formula (I) is mixed with a mineral oil (for example Mihagol) in a ratio of 1: 1 w / w (% by weight). If this mixture is added dropwise to water with stirring, a clear to opaque solution is obtained. With the compounds AI, A2 and B2, a clear solution is obtained in this test. If you run this test with the Mineral oil without adding a compound of general formula (I), the oil drops float on the surface of the liquid. This means that only the addition of compounds of the general formula (I) results in the solubilization of oils in water.
  • a mineral oil for example Mihagol
  • the CMC was determined according to DIN 53914.
  • the CMC gives the concentration of surfactants in aqueous solution at which the micelle formation begins or at which the surface tension is not further reduced by increasing the concentration.
  • aqueous solution of the compound of the general formula (I) to be investigated is prepared and this is filled into the crystallization dish which has been carefully rinsed and burned out with ethanol.
  • the platinum / iridium ring is rinsed in distilled water and ethanol before the measurement, annealed and hung in the device of the tensiometer. The measurement is started. After the brass is finished, the value of the result expression corrected according to Harkins-Jordan is read as the surface tension of the product to be examined in mN / m. At least 5 measurements are required; Standard deviation is specified: 0.3 mN / m.
  • the surface tension values measured at the different concentration levels are plotted against the concentration values. From the kink of the Surface tension-concentration curve results from extrapolation the critical micelle concentration.
  • Compound G is produced from Pluriol E®600 from BASF AG Ludwigshafen and PIBSA550, and compound H from Pluriol E®600 from BASF AG Ludwigshafen and PIBSA 1000 is carried out in an analogous manner to the preparation of compound F.
  • Example 4 Examples of use of the compounds of the general formula (H) / (V)
  • aqueous dispersions which contain compounds of the formula (II) / (V) according to the invention were investigated.
  • the compounds G and H were each dissolved in a solvent mixture of equal parts by volume of butylglycol, Solvenon® PP and white spirit so that a 20% by weight solution was obtained.
  • Solvenon® PP is a propoxypropanol from BASF AG in Ludwigshafen.
  • the test gasoline from ExxonMobil, based in Houston, is an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture and has a boiling range of 180 to 210 ° C.
  • the solvents mentioned also served as film-forming aids in order to ensure the filming of the dispersions.
  • the use concentrations of the compounds G and H were 0.1 and 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
  • Dispersion 1 is based on Acronal® S 760, dispersion 2 on the basis of Acronal® LR 8977. No film-forming aids were added to the dispersions to speed up the tests.
  • the composition of the dispersions is shown in Table 5.
  • the dispersions 1 and 2 shown in Table 5 are dispersions of the type used in heavy corrosion protection according to the prior art, without the addition of the compounds according to the invention.
  • Acronal® S 760 and Acronal® LR 8977 are styrene-acrylic dispersions from BASF AG in Ludwigshafen.
  • Byk® 022 is a silicone defoamer from Byk-Chemie in Wesel.
  • Surfynol® 104 is a butynediol derivative from Air Products in Manchester, UK, and serves as a wetting agent.
  • Lutensit® A-EP is a phosphate ester from BASF AG in Ludwigshafen that serves as a wetting agent.
  • Bayferrox® 130 M is an iron oxide red pigment from Bayer AG in Leverkusen.
  • Talc 20 M 2 is a magnesium silicate hydrate from Tale de Luzenac in Luzenac-Sur-Ariege, France.
  • Heucophos® ZPZ is a zinc phosphate from Heubach GmbH in Langeisheim.
  • Lithopone® L is a filler made of ZnS and barium sulfate from Sachtleben in Duisburg, with a weight fraction of 30% by weight ZnS.
  • Collacral® PU 85 is a urethane associative thickener from BASF AG in Ludwigshafen.
  • the gasoline used has a boiling point of 180 to 210 ° C, the water used is completely desalinated.
  • the corrosion inhibitor Ll from Erbslöh in Krefeld contains nitrite and was diluted 1: 1 with water in a volume ratio. This corrosion inhibitor has no influence on the long-term effect against corrosive media, but only serves to avoid rust when the coating is wet immediately after the dispersion has been applied.
  • Table 5 Composition of the dispersions
  • Dispersions 1 and 2 were each mixed with 0.1 or 0.5% by weight of compound G or H, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
  • the paints thus obtained were applied to steel 1405 using a 300 ⁇ m splitting knife and dried at room temperature. Layers with a thickness of 80 to 90 ⁇ m were obtained.
  • the liability test was carried out in accordance with EN ISO 2409.
  • Dispersions 2 - with and without compounds of the general formula (II) / (V) - were applied to blasted metal sheets. Layers with a thickness of 100 to 125 ⁇ m were obtained. After drying for 2 h at room temperature, the metal sheets were placed in water for 24 h. The degree of blistering was then assessed in accordance with DIN ISO 4628-2. A high number of bubbles or bubble size means that a lot of water has penetrated into the coating and there is damage to the paint or corrosion.
  • Dispersions 1 were applied to steel 1405, dried for 1 week at room temperature and for 1 day at 50 ° C. After the drying process, the sheets for the ISO 7253 test were placed in a suitable test device and provisionally assessed at different times in order to observe the progress of the corrosion and to find the right time for the end of the test. The final assessment was made after 240 hours.
  • Table 9 Assessment of dispersions 1 according to DIN ISO 4628-2 (degree of bubbles) and EN ISO 2409 (adhesion) after the salt spray test
  • the compounds according to the invention can improve the corrosion protection - in particular in the long-term effect.

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DE10147650A1 (de) 2003-04-10
WO2003029309A3 (de) 2003-10-23
JP2005504150A (ja) 2005-02-10
KR20040039426A (ko) 2004-05-10

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