EP1427053B1 - Coupleur directif - Google Patents

Coupleur directif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1427053B1
EP1427053B1 EP03300244A EP03300244A EP1427053B1 EP 1427053 B1 EP1427053 B1 EP 1427053B1 EP 03300244 A EP03300244 A EP 03300244A EP 03300244 A EP03300244 A EP 03300244A EP 1427053 B1 EP1427053 B1 EP 1427053B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
capacitors
lines
terminals
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP03300244A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1427053A1 (fr
Inventor
Hilal Ezzeddine
François DUPONT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics SA
Original Assignee
STMicroelectronics SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STMicroelectronics SA filed Critical STMicroelectronics SA
Publication of EP1427053A1 publication Critical patent/EP1427053A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1427053B1 publication Critical patent/EP1427053B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
    • H01P5/185—Edge coupled lines
    • H01P5/186—Lange couplers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of couplers which serve to take a part of a signal conveyed by a transmission line for purposes including measurement or control.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the field of radio frequency couplers between a transmission amplifier and an antenna, in particular applied to mobile telephony.
  • the figure 1 illustrates very schematically the general structure of a distributed coupler 1, that is to say transmission lines of the type to which the present invention applies, as opposed to inductive and capacitive localized element couplers.
  • the coupler 1 is interposed between an amplifier 2 (PA) for amplifying a signal Tx to be transmitted, and a transmitting antenna 3.
  • PA amplifier 2
  • the role of the coupler 1 is to extract, between terminals CPLD and ISO of a secondary line 12, a signal proportional to the signal transiting on a main transmission line 11, that is to say between terminals IN and DIR respectively connected at the output of the amplifier 2 and at the input of the antenna 3.
  • the signal G extracted by the coupler 1 is operated by a circuit 4 (DET), for example to control the power of the amplifier 2 or to turn it off in case of need of protection, for example in case of disappearance of the antenna 3.
  • DET circuit 4
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • the coupler of the figure 1 is a bidirectional coupler in that it detects a signal present on the transmission line 11 in both directions: a direct signal (FWD) transiting from IN to DIR will be coupled to the CPLD output and a reverse signal (REV) in transit from DIR to IN will be coupled to the ISO output.
  • FWD direct signal
  • REV reverse signal
  • the voltages present on the CPLD and ISO terminals are adjusted to generate the G gain correction signal.
  • a distributed coupler of the type represented in figure 1 is characterized by its coupling and directivity.
  • the coupling characterizes the difference between the amplitude of the main signal flowing on line 11 and the amplitude of the signal taken on line 12.
  • the directivity characterizes the difference between the amplitude of the signal FWD which results in a signal coming out of the CPLD terminal, and the amplitude of the REV signal flowing from DIR to IN which results in a signal output from the ISO terminal.
  • the maximum amplitude of the coupled line would be present on the terminal CPLD and a null potential would be present on the terminal ISO.
  • the potential of the ISO terminal is not zero, but it is generally attenuated by about -30 dB relative to the potential of the DIR terminal.
  • the terminal CPLD reproduces an attenuated signal of the order of -15 to -20 dB relative to the signal passing from the terminal IN to the terminal DIR.
  • the directivity of a conventional coupler is of the order of -10 to -15 dB (-30 - (- 20)) to (-15).
  • the coupler can be enlarged by making the conducting sections 11 and 12 close to a length of ⁇ / 4, where ⁇ represents the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the desired bandwidth for the coupler.
  • ⁇ represents the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the desired bandwidth for the coupler.
  • the figure 2 represents a conventional example of coupler 10 with improved directivity.
  • This distributed type coupler comprises two lines 11 and 12 conductors and two capacitors Cp respectively connecting the terminals IN and CPLD and terminals DIR and ISO.
  • Such capacitors make it possible to increase the directivity of the coupler by bringing the values of the line impedances closer to one another.
  • a crippling disadvantage of such a solution is that at frequencies of several hundred MHz, the values of the capacitors are very low (of the order of femtofarad). In practice, such values make the realization almost impossible insofar as the values of the capacitors Cp are close to parasitic capacitance values which can not then be neglected.
  • the characteristics of the coupler degrade sharply as soon as one deviates from the chosen values, as a function of the bandwidth of the coupler, for the capacitors Cp.
  • coupler of the type described in connection with the figure 2 are described in US Patent 4937541 and in the application for German patent 19749912 .
  • the present invention aims at providing a coupler with distributed lines of improved directivity.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide a radio frequency coupler that does not require the use of capacitors of very low values (of the order of fF).
  • the invention also aims to propose a coupler whose size is minimized.
  • the present invention provides a distributed type coupler comprising a first conductive line carrying a main signal between two end terminals, a second conductive line coupled to the first and between two terminals which circulates a signal taken, proportional to the main signal, and two capacitors respectively connecting the two terminals of each of the lines.
  • the lines are of the same length.
  • the capacitors are of the same values.
  • the lines are dimensioned in ⁇ / 4 for a band center frequency greater than the frequency band for which the coupler is intended.
  • each conductive line consists of at least two sections parallel between its end terminals, the sections of the two lines being interlaced.
  • the electrodes of the capacitors are made in the same two metallization levels as those in which the conductive lines are made.
  • the capacitors have values of between 0.1 and 10 pF, the central frequency of the coupler being between a few tens of MHz and a few tens of GHz.
  • a feature of the present invention is to provide capacitors, either to connect the respective ends of a line to the ends of the other line, but to connect the respective ends of the same line.
  • the capacitors have substantially higher values makes the coupler (in particular its directivity) less sensitive with respect to capacitor value variations following technological dispersions or due to the presence of parasitic capacitances which in turn remain unaffected by the capacitors. order of femtofarad.
  • the figure 3 represents a coupler 20 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Line 11 is the main line of terminals IN and DIR.
  • Line 12 corresponds to the coupled line of terminals CPLD and ISO.
  • a first capacitor Cs connects the terminals IN and DIR while a second capacitor Cs connects the terminals CPLD and ISO.
  • Lines 11 and 12 have the same lengths and capacitors Cs both have the same value.
  • the sizing of the conductive lines and capacitors depends on the application and more particularly on the center frequency of the desired bandwidth for the coupler.
  • the sections 11 and 12 have lengths corresponding to ⁇ / 4, where ⁇ represents the wavelength of the central frequency of the band.
  • the addition of the capacitors Cs reduces the width of the band but already improves the directivity.
  • they allow to undersize the ⁇ due to the shift they bring to the center frequency.
  • the capacitors it takes advantage of the presence of the capacitors to reduce the length of the conductor sections 11 and 12 with respect to the size they would have in ⁇ / 4 with respect to the center frequency of the band desired pass.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to reduce the coupling (which is maximum at ⁇ / 4), and therefore to reduce the amplitude of the signal measured on the coupled line with respect to the main line. This minimizes the energy consumption (part of the signal) not directly useful for the transmission.
  • the figure 4 represents a second preferred embodiment of a distributed coupler 30 according to the invention.
  • each section is, from the electrical point of view, constituted by two parallel sections 111 and 112, respectively 121 and 122, between the terminals IN and DIR, respectively CPLD and ISO.
  • Extensions 114 and 124 perpendicular to the conductive tracks connect one end of the sections 112 and 122, for example to the IN and ISO terminals, respectively.
  • Conductive sections (bridges) 113 and 123 connect the respective free ends of sections 112 and 122 to terminals DIR and CPLD respectively.
  • the links 113 and 123 are formed by vias (not shown) and conductive tracks in a second level of metallization with respect to the metallization level in which the tracks 111, 112, 114 are made. , 121, 122 and 124.
  • the terminals IN and DIR are connected to one another by the capacitors Cs.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that the realization of the capacitors takes advantage of the fact that the conductive lines are already made in two different metallization levels. Therefore, these two levels of metallization and the dielectric separating them can be used to form the integrated capacitors Cs proper to the invention.
  • a conventional Lange coupler that is to say without capacitors Cs, the dimensioning corresponds to individual lengths 111, 112, 121 and 122 of length ⁇ / 4 for a central frequency corresponding to the wavelength ⁇ .
  • Such a coupler is generally used to increase the coupling by decreasing parasitic capacitances.
  • the Lange coupler can be dimensioned for a substantially higher frequency (that is to say with a length ⁇ / 4 substantially lower), and find the desired operating frequency.
  • the coupling is reduced and the directivity of the coupler is increased.
  • a coupler according to the invention is chosen according to the application.
  • a coupler of the invention is more particularly dedicated to frequencies comprised between a few tens of MHz and a few tens of GHz. Capacitors Cs then have values between 0.1 and 10 picofarads.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the addition of the capacitors Cs slightly increases the coupling while considerably increasing (by more than 10 dB) the directivity. In addition, the insulation is improved and the insertion losses increase only slightly (less than 0.5 dB).
  • the area occupied by such a coupler is substantially the same as for a conventional coupler, the area necessary for the realization of the capacitors being compensated for by the reduction in lengths of the conductor sections.
EP03300244A 2002-12-06 2003-12-08 Coupleur directif Expired - Fee Related EP1427053B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0215477 2002-12-06
FR0215477 2002-12-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1427053A1 EP1427053A1 (fr) 2004-06-09
EP1427053B1 true EP1427053B1 (fr) 2009-04-01

Family

ID=32310032

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03300244A Expired - Fee Related EP1427053B1 (fr) 2002-12-06 2003-12-08 Coupleur directif

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7394333B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1427053B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2004289797A (ja)
DE (1) DE60326917D1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1753071A1 (en) 2005-08-04 2007-02-14 Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. Microwave filter banks
EP1950828A1 (en) 2007-01-25 2008-07-30 Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. Passive microwave (de)multiplexer
FR2933540B1 (fr) * 2008-07-01 2011-12-02 St Microelectronics Tours Sas Coupleur directif integre
JP5169844B2 (ja) * 2009-01-06 2013-03-27 三菱電機株式会社 方向性結合器
US7961064B2 (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-06-14 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler including impedance matching and impedance transforming attenuator
US8965454B2 (en) * 2009-03-04 2015-02-24 Andrew Llc Amplifier system for cell sites and other suitable applications
JP5455662B2 (ja) * 2010-01-13 2014-03-26 三菱電機株式会社 方向性結合器
EP2360776B1 (en) * 2010-02-16 2017-07-12 Whirlpool Corporation Microwave directional coupler
US8299871B2 (en) * 2010-02-17 2012-10-30 Analog Devices, Inc. Directional coupler
KR101119910B1 (ko) * 2010-05-03 2012-02-29 한국과학기술원 모바일 ｒｆｉｄ 리더 송수신 시스템
JP5482901B2 (ja) * 2010-08-03 2014-05-07 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器
JP5609574B2 (ja) * 2010-11-12 2014-10-22 三菱電機株式会社 方向性結合器
US8928428B2 (en) * 2010-12-22 2015-01-06 Rfaxis, Inc. On-die radio frequency directional coupler
US8981873B2 (en) * 2011-02-18 2015-03-17 Hittite Microwave Corporation Absorptive tunable bandstop filter with wide tuning range and electrically tunable all-pass filter useful therein
JP5652542B2 (ja) * 2011-03-14 2015-01-14 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器
JP5435309B2 (ja) * 2011-08-25 2014-03-05 Ｔｄｋ株式会社 方向性結合器および無線通信装置
JP2013030904A (ja) * 2011-07-27 2013-02-07 Tdk Corp 方向性結合器および無線通信装置
US20130027273A1 (en) 2011-07-27 2013-01-31 Tdk Corporation Directional coupler and wireless communication device
US9048805B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2015-06-02 Rf Micro Devices, Inc. Tunable duplexer architecture
US9071430B2 (en) 2012-02-07 2015-06-30 Rf Micro Devices, Inc. RF transceiver with distributed filtering topology
US9190979B2 (en) * 2012-02-07 2015-11-17 Rf Micro Devices, Inc. Hybrid coupler
US9406991B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2016-08-02 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Quadrature hybrid
JP5814895B2 (ja) * 2012-09-26 2015-11-17 太陽誘電株式会社 方向性結合回路装置
US20150042412A1 (en) * 2013-08-07 2015-02-12 Qualcomm Incorporated Directional coupler circuit techniques
GB2528278B (en) 2014-07-16 2020-12-16 Technetix Bv Cable tap
GB201520975D0 (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-01-13 Technetix Bv Cable tap
WO2018079614A1 (ja) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 株式会社村田製作所 方向性結合器内蔵基板、高周波フロントエンド回路及び通信装置
US10735045B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2020-08-04 Qorvo Us, Inc. Diplexer circuit
CN115377640B (zh) * 2022-08-07 2023-07-28 西安电子工程研究所 一种具有跨接电容的微带定向耦合器

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US4027254A (en) * 1975-02-11 1977-05-31 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Directional coupler having interdigital comb electrodes
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1427053A1 (fr) 2004-06-09
US7394333B2 (en) 2008-07-01
DE60326917D1 (de) 2009-05-14
JP2004289797A (ja) 2004-10-14
US20040113716A1 (en) 2004-06-17

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