EP1421591B1 - Electromagnetic regulating device - Google Patents

Electromagnetic regulating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1421591B1
EP1421591B1 EP02781178A EP02781178A EP1421591B1 EP 1421591 B1 EP1421591 B1 EP 1421591B1 EP 02781178 A EP02781178 A EP 02781178A EP 02781178 A EP02781178 A EP 02781178A EP 1421591 B1 EP1421591 B1 EP 1421591B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
actuating
magnet means
coil device
actuating element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP02781178A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1421591A1 (en
Inventor
Harald Elendt
Christof Faria
Matthias Dittrich
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IHO Holding GmbH and Co KG
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Schaeffler KG
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2105—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids comprising two or more coils
    • F01L2009/2109—The armature being articulated perpendicularly to the coils axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F01L2013/0052—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/03—Auxiliary actuators
    • F01L2820/031—Electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a device is well known, for example in the form of adjusting devices with electro-magnets and is used for a variety of purposes.
  • the basic principle is that a piston is guided as a control element, the end has an engagement region for the intended setting task in a housing and typically can be moved out of the housing by means of an electromagnet provided in the housing against the force of a return spring.
  • Patents US 5,546,063 . DE 19722013 and DE 3423469 disclose such actuators.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates in the side sectional view of such a known actuator:
  • a piston member 10, guided in a housing 12 and biased against the force of a return spring 14, has at one end an engagement portion 16 which protrudes from the housing 12, and at the other a pressed hollow cylindrical armature 18 which is along a cylindrical tread in a yoke element 20 of a (realized with coil 22 in the coil housing 24) electromagnet is movable by a predetermined stroke, whereby the engaging portion 16 (the Fig. 3 shows the retracted or retracted operating state) from the emerges on the housing side.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to improve a generic and only exemplary shown in Fig. 3 electromagnetic actuator in both mechanical and in electrical engineering, in particular to simplify the mounting and fitting properties of the movable relative to the fixed parts and the power consumption
  • permanent magnet means typically realized as a disc-shaped permanent magnet according to a cylindrical outer shape of the actuator, used and exploited the properties of such a permanent magnet in several ways:
  • the permanent magnet is used, the actuator in a (retracted) state of rest by interaction with the Core area to keep safe in the housing.
  • the permanent magnet when the coil device according to the invention is excited to generate an electromagnetic opposing field, the permanent magnet causes a repulsive effect and thus an expelling of the actuating element from an associated housing, since according to the invention, the electromagnetically generated opposing field with the counter force acts repulsively on the permanent magnet and then generates the feed of the actuating element.
  • the permanent magnet still offers the possibility, when the electromagnetic opposing field is deactivated (ie switching off the coil current), that the actuating element is returned to its rest position at the core area.
  • a bistable actuator which requires only a one-time pulse-shaped current application of the coil device to leave the rest position and lead out of the actuating element and, as soon as the actuator is extended by the repulsive action described and the permanent magnet is a sufficiently large distance to the core region, even in the de-energized state of the coil means ensures a stable extension state.
  • a renewed introduction of the actuating means in the idle state can then take place either by external actuation of the actuating element (via the engagement region), additionally or alternatively by suitably reversed control of the coil means, supported accordingly by an effective from a predetermined distance to the core region attraction of the permanent magnet.
  • the adjusting device according to the invention with a force accumulator designed as a spring, wherein, however, in contrast to the generic form used as prior art, the spring force preferably in Ausschubraum of the actuating element and thus the Magnetic force of the permanent magnet counteracts.
  • the spring force preferably in Ausschubraum of the actuating element and thus the Magnetic force of the permanent magnet counteracts.
  • a fast and reliable execution of the piston from the housing can be achieved as soon as the holding force of the permanent magnet has been overcome by the coil device according to the invention.
  • this energy storage can be realized either as a pressure or as a tension spring.
  • the stationary elements i. E. H. Core area and coil means, annular or cylindrical form and receive in a cylindrical housing, in such a realization, it then makes sense to realize the permanent magnet means as a disk-shaped, to an active area of the core region approximately adapted permanent magnet body.
  • a protective ring is preferably provided at the edge, which further education is formed from a non-conductive material, such as plastic, and has an intended binding or encapsulation effect.
  • a variable camshaft control can be realized, with the present invention being distinguished by excellent mechanical actuating properties, including short positioning times and reliable positioning movements, with simplified electronic control requirements.
  • the use in connection with a camshaft control also offers the structurally particularly elegant solution, not only by a groove bottom of a corresponding control partner on the camshaft (or another element) to limit an effective stroke of the control element, but also, to initiate the Einstory joses, to perform an initial stroke of the actuator back towards the core area.
  • the present invention provides the possibility of combining an electromagnetic actuating device for a low-power actuating or switching operation, in no way limited to the preferred but not exclusively provided translatory actuating operation, with reliable mechanical operating characteristics and simple design and simple adjustment.
  • camshaft control operation is a preferred use of the present invention, its applications seem almost limitless, particularly with regard to the ability to provide low power bistable and shift operation.
  • a cylindrical housing portion 30 receives a core 32 of magnetic material, which is enclosed by a coil 36 wound on a bobbin 34.
  • the core 32 forms an i. w. plane flat side for cooperation with a disc-shaped permanent magnet 38, and centrally in the core 32 designed as a compression spring coil spring 40 is held.
  • FIG. 1 on both sides of the disk-shaped permanent magnet (made of common magnetic material, eg Nd-Fe), disks 48, 50 of magnetically conductive material (eg iron) are provided, the structure of FIG Disc 48, permanent magnet disc 38 and second disc 50 is connected to each other by thin adhesive film and thereby has a certain pulse-damping effect.
  • the arrangement is surrounded by a plastic ring 52, which in particular has the task of preventing the spalling of material from the (brittle) permanent magnet disc or the penetration of splinters or dirt bodies in the running or To prevent range of motion of the illustrated actuator;
  • the respective edges of the permanent magnet (or of the plastic ring comprising it) and of the disks 48, 50 form a piston peripheral surface for a running surface formed in the interior of the housing section 30.
  • FIG. 2 also schematically illustrates cable ends 56 for a power supply of the coil 36.
  • FIG. 2 In operation of the arrangement according to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 without current being applied to the coil 36, the arrangement of pistons 42 with fixed disks 48, 38, 50 is initially held on the core 32 by the action of the permanent magnet 38. Only a current application of the coil 36 generates a magnetic field which counteracts the field of the permanent magnet 38, this displaced or deflected into the discs 48, 50 and thus leads to a repulsion; As a result, supported by the force of the coil spring 40 (which as such is unable to overcome the pure adhesive force of the permanent magnet 38), the piston in the illustration of FIG. 1 is driven out to the right from the sleeve section 46 of the housing and thus fulfills it its intended switching or positioning function.
  • a retraction of the piston or a reversal of the setting process can then take place in that by reversing the applied coil current on the permanent magnet 38 and the associated discs 48, 50 attracting field acts, whereby the piston - against the force of the spring 40th - Is brought back into the starting position shown in FIG. Additionally or alternatively, this movement can be triggered by an external thrust force on the piston 42 in the direction of the rest position shown in Fig. 1, to the extent that the permanent magnet can then cause the further return by its magnetic force.
  • Such a movement can be done, for example, by a control partner cooperating with the adjusting device, for example a correspondingly designed engagement groove.
  • a particularly useful and effective practical application finds the present invention in the context of the control of internal combustion engines, in particular the (variable) cam timing for a camshaft.
  • a suitable groove for the engagement portion 44 of the piston 42 would limit not only by their appropriately sized groove bottom a maximum stroke of the piston 42 (so that the disc 50 does not advance to the stop formed by an inner surface of the sleeve portion 46), could also this groove bottom in suitably generate the release or return pulse for the above-described return of the piston to the initial position shown in FIG.
  • the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment described as well as the application example of internal combustion engine control. Thus, it is in particular encompassed by the present invention to implement other than the illustrated translatory movements according to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 as an adjusting device; in particular, it is conceivable that an embodiment of the invention (not shown in the figures) performs a rotational movement.
  • the structural arrangement of the individual units within the adjusting device is not fixed; Not only can the coil spring 40 shown in Fig. 1 be formed elsewhere (also, for example, as a tension spring), or the coil portion may be disposed opposite to the piston.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

An electromagnetic regulating device with a movable actuator ( 42 ), especially a piston, having an engagement region ( 44 ) on an end thereof, and a coil device ( 34, 36 ), which is stationary relative to the actuator and which is designed to exert a force on the actuator. The electromagnetic regulating device is provided with permanent magnet means, through which the actuator ( 42 ) is held to the coil device ( 34, 36 ) in the inactive state of the coil device ( 34, 36 ) and wherein when current is applied to the coil device ( 34, 36 ), the actuator ( 42 ) is released from the coil device ( 34, 36 ), overcoming a retaining force of the permanent magnet means.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise in Form von Stellvorrichtungen mit Elektrohaftmagneten hinlänglich bekannt und wird für vielfältige Einsatzzwecke benutzt. Das Grundprinzip besteht darin, dass ein Kolben als Stellelement, der endseitig einen Eingriffsbereich für die vorgesehene Stellaufgabe aufweist, in einem Gehäuse geführt ist und typischerweise mittels eines im Gehäuse vorgesehenen Elektromagneten gegen die Kraft einer Rückstellfeder aus dem Gehäuse heraus bewegt werden kann. Auch die Patentschriften US 5 546 063 , DE 19722013 und DE 3423469 offenbaren solche Stellvorrichtungen.Such a device is well known, for example in the form of adjusting devices with electro-magnets and is used for a variety of purposes. The basic principle is that a piston is guided as a control element, the end has an engagement region for the intended setting task in a housing and typically can be moved out of the housing by means of an electromagnet provided in the housing against the force of a return spring. Also the Patents US 5,546,063 . DE 19722013 and DE 3423469 disclose such actuators.

Die Fig. 3 verdeutlicht in der seitlichen Schnittansicht eine solche bekannte Stellvorrichtung: Ein Kolbenelement 10, geführt in einem Gehäuse 12 und vorgespannt gegen die Kraft einer Rückstellfeder 14, weist einenends einen Eingriffsbereich 16 auf, der aus dem Gehäuse 12 herausragt, und anderenends einen angepressten hohlzylindrischen Anker 18, der entlang einer zylindrischen Lauffläche in einem Jochelement 20 eines (mit Spule 22 im Spulengehäuse 24 realisierten) Elektromagneten um einen vorbestimmten Hub bewegbar ist, wodurch der Eingriffsbereich 16 (die Fig. 3 zeigt den zurückgezogenen bzw. eingeschobenen Betriebszustand) aus dem eingriffsseitigen Gehäuseende heraustritt.Fig. 3 illustrates in the side sectional view of such a known actuator: A piston member 10, guided in a housing 12 and biased against the force of a return spring 14, has at one end an engagement portion 16 which protrudes from the housing 12, and at the other a pressed hollow cylindrical armature 18 which is along a cylindrical tread in a yoke element 20 of a (realized with coil 22 in the coil housing 24) electromagnet is movable by a predetermined stroke, whereby the engaging portion 16 (the Fig. 3 shows the retracted or retracted operating state) from the emerges on the housing side.

Wie die Fig. 3 bereits erkennen lässt, ist die konstruktive Realisierung einer derartigen Vorrichtung aufwendig und, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Passungen und Toleranzen, nicht unkritisch: So gilt es bei Herstellung und Montage, Toleranzen der beteiligten Lager (etwa auch Lager 26) sowie der Laufflächen kontrolliert auszubilden, und auch der mechanische Aufbau, etwa im Hinblick auf den an die Magnetisierungskennlinie angepassten konischen Bereich 28, ist nicht unproblematisch. Da zudem die in Fig. 3 gezeigte Vorrichtung zum Stellen, d. h. Ausschieben des Eingriffsbereichs 16 aus dem Gehäuse, eine permanente Signalbeaufschlagung des Elektromagneten benötigt, entstehen weitere steuerungs- und elektrotechnische Probleme. So gilt es insbesondere unterschiedliche Schalt- und Halteströme zu kontrollieren, und generell ergibt sich das Problem eines permanenten (und je nach Anwendungsfall auch nicht unbeträchtlichen) Stromverbrauchs bei ausgefahrenem Kolben, da dieser permanent gegen die Kraft der Rückstellfeder 14 in ausgefahrener Position gehalten werden muss. Insbesondere bei energiekritischen Anwendungen, bei welchen etwa nur portable Stromversorgungsmittel zur Verfügung stehen, besteht daher auch in dieser Richtung Verbesserungsbedarf.As can already be seen from FIG. 3, the structural realization of such a device is complicated and, in particular with regard to fits and tolerances, not uncritical: For example, manufacturing and assembly tolerances of the bearings involved (as well as bearing 26) and of the Running surfaces controlled form, and also the mechanical structure, for example with respect to the magnetization curve adapted to the conical region 28, is not without problems. In addition, since the device shown in Fig. 3 for setting, ie pushing out of the engaging portion 16 of the housing, a permanent signal loading of the electromagnet required, further control and electrical problems arise. Thus, it is particularly important to control different switching and holding currents, and generally there is the problem of a permanent (and depending on the application also not inconsiderable) power consumption with extended piston, since it must be permanently held against the force of the return spring 14 in the extended position. In particular, in energy-critical applications in which, for example, only portable power supplies are available, there is therefore room for improvement in this direction.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine gattungsbildende und lediglich exemplarisch in Fig. 3 gezeigte elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung sowohl in mechanischer als auch in elektrotechnischer Richtung zu verbessern, dabei insbesondere die Montage- und Passungseigenschaften der beweglichen Relative zu den fixen Teilen zu vereinfachen und die Stromaufnahme einer solchen Vorrichtung, insbesondere auch in einem ausgefahrenen (Stell-) Zustand, herabzusetzen.Object of the present invention is therefore to improve a generic and only exemplary shown in Fig. 3 electromagnetic actuator in both mechanical and in electrical engineering, in particular to simplify the mounting and fitting properties of the movable relative to the fixed parts and the power consumption Such a device, especially in an extended (setting) state, reduce.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst; vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.The object is achieved by the device having the features of the main claim; advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

In erfindungsgemäß vorteilhafter Weise werden Permanentmagnetmittel, typischerweise realisiert als scheibenförmiger Permanentmagnet entsprechend einer zylindrischen Außenform der Stellvorrichtung, eingesetzt und die Eigenschaften eines derartigen Permanentmagneten in mehrfacher Hinsicht ausgenutzt: Zum einen dient der Permanentmagnet dazu, das Stellelement in einem (eingefahrenen) Ruhezustand durch Zusammenwirken mit dem Kernbereich sicher im Gehäuse zu halten. Zum anderen bewirkt der Permanentmagnet dann, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Spuleneinrichtung zum Erzeugen eines elektromagnetischen Gegenfeldes erregt wird, einen Abstoßungseffekt und damit ein Heraustreiben des Stellelements aus einem zugehörigen Gehäuse, da erfindungsgemäß das elektromagnetisch erzeugte Gegenfeld mit der Gegenkraft abstoßend auf den Permanentmagneten wirkt und daraufhin den Vorschub des Stellelements erzeugt. Schließlich bietet der Permanentmagnet noch die Möglichkeit, bei deaktiviertem elektromagnetischen Gegenfeld (d. h. Abschalten des Spulenstroms) das Stellelement wieder in seine Ruhelage am Kernbereich zurückzuführen.In accordance with the invention advantageously permanent magnet means, typically realized as a disc-shaped permanent magnet according to a cylindrical outer shape of the actuator, used and exploited the properties of such a permanent magnet in several ways: First, the permanent magnet is used, the actuator in a (retracted) state of rest by interaction with the Core area to keep safe in the housing. On the other hand, when the coil device according to the invention is excited to generate an electromagnetic opposing field, the permanent magnet causes a repulsive effect and thus an expelling of the actuating element from an associated housing, since according to the invention, the electromagnetically generated opposing field with the counter force acts repulsively on the permanent magnet and then generates the feed of the actuating element. Finally, the permanent magnet still offers the possibility, when the electromagnetic opposing field is deactivated (ie switching off the coil current), that the actuating element is returned to its rest position at the core area.

Im Ergebnis entsteht so auf äußerst einfache und gleichwohl wirksame Weise eine bistabile Stellvorrichtung, welche zum Verlassen der Ruheposition und Herausführen des Stellelements lediglich eine einmalige impulsförmige Strombeaufschlagung der Spuleneinrichtung benötigt und, sobald durch die beschriebene Abstoßungswirkung das Stellelement ausgefahren ist und der Permanentmagnet einen hinreichend großen Abstand zum Kernbereich aufweist, auch im stromlosen Zustand der Spulenmittel einen stabilen Ausfahrzustand sicherstellt. Ein erneutes Eineinführen der Stellmittel in den Ruhezustand kann dann entweder durch externes Betätigen des Stellelements (über den Eingriffsbereich) erfolgen, ergänzend oder alternativ durch geeignet umgepolte Ansteuerung der Spuleneinrichtung, entsprechend unterstützt durch eine ab einem vorbestimmten Abstand zum Kernbereich wirksame Anziehungskraft des Permanentmagneten.As a result, so arises in a very simple and nevertheless effective manner, a bistable actuator which requires only a one-time pulse-shaped current application of the coil device to leave the rest position and lead out of the actuating element and, as soon as the actuator is extended by the repulsive action described and the permanent magnet is a sufficiently large distance to the core region, even in the de-energized state of the coil means ensures a stable extension state. A renewed introduction of the actuating means in the idle state can then take place either by external actuation of the actuating element (via the engagement region), additionally or alternatively by suitably reversed control of the coil means, supported accordingly by an effective from a predetermined distance to the core region attraction of the permanent magnet.

Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass eine derartige Anordnung in konstruktiv relativ einfacher Weise und unter weitgehender Vermeidung kritischer Toleranzen und Passungen herstellbar ist, so dass, über die steuerungstechnischen und energetischen Vorteile hinaus, die Stellvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung auch deutliche Vereinfachungen und Kostenvorteile in der Herstellung ermöglicht.In addition, it is found that such an arrangement in a structurally relatively simple manner and while largely avoiding critical tolerances and fits produced, so that, in addition to the control engineering and energy advantages, the adjusting device according to the present invention also significant simplifications and cost advantages in the production allows.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, die erfindungsgemäße Stellvorrichtung mit einem als Feder ausgebildeten Kraftspeicher zu realisieren, wobei jedoch, im Gegensatz zum als gattungsbildend herangezogenen Stand der Technik, hier die Federkraft bevorzugt in Ausschubrichtung des Stellelements und damit der Magnetkraft des Permanentmagneten entgegenwirkt. Über die dadurch erreichte Stabilisierung der Stellelement- bzw. Kolbenbewegung hinaus lässt sich damit insbesondere auch ein schnelles und zuverlässiges Ausführen des Kolbens aus dem Gehäuse erreichen, sobald erfindungsgemäß mittels der Spuleneinrichtung die Haltekraft des Permanentmagneten überwunden worden ist. Je nach konstruktiver Realisierung kann dieser Kraftspeicher entweder als Druck- oder als Zugfeder realisiert sein.It is particularly preferred to realize the adjusting device according to the invention with a force accumulator designed as a spring, wherein, however, in contrast to the generic form used as prior art, the spring force preferably in Ausschubrichtung of the actuating element and thus the Magnetic force of the permanent magnet counteracts. In addition to the stabilization of the actuating element or piston movement achieved in this way, a fast and reliable execution of the piston from the housing can be achieved as soon as the holding force of the permanent magnet has been overcome by the coil device according to the invention. Depending on the constructive realization of this energy storage can be realized either as a pressure or as a tension spring.

Konstruktiv besonders bevorzugt ist es zudem, die stationären Elemente, d. h. Kernbereich und Spuleneinrichtung, ringförmig bzw. zylindrisch auszubilden und in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse aufzunehmen, bei einer solchen Realisierung bietet es sich dann an, die Permanentmagnetmittel als scheibenförmigen, an eine Wirkflache des Kernbereichs annähernd angepassten Permanentmagnetkörper zu realisieren.It is also particularly preferred in terms of design that the stationary elements, i. E. H. Core area and coil means, annular or cylindrical form and receive in a cylindrical housing, in such a realization, it then makes sense to realize the permanent magnet means as a disk-shaped, to an active area of the core region approximately adapted permanent magnet body.

Als besonders bevorzugt hat es sich zudem herausgestellt, zur Verbesserung des magnetischen Flusses des Permanentmagneten diesem magnetisch leitende Elemente, weiter bevorzugt in Form von zwei beidseits einer Permanentmagnetscheibe benachbarten Scheiben, zuzuordnen, wobei eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform (best mode) vorsieht, dass diese Scheibenelemente durch einen Klebefilm verklebt sind, der zum Aufnehmen von mechanischen, möglicherweise schädlichen Impulsen auf das (spröde) Permanentmagnetmaterial ausgebildet ist. Zum zusätzlichen randseitigen Schutz des Permanentmagneten und der Gesamtanordnung, insbesondere auch gegen Absplittern des Magnetmaterials, ist bevorzugt randseitig ein Schutzring vorgesehen, welcher weiterbildungsgemäß aus einem nicht-leitendem Material, etwa Kunststoff, gebildet ist und eine beabsichtigte Einfassungs- bzw. Kapselungswirkung besitzt.In addition, it has been found to be particularly advantageous to allocate these magnetically conductive elements to improve the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, more preferably in the form of two adjacent disks on both sides of a permanent magnet disk, a preferred embodiment providing that these disk elements are replaced by a disk Adhesive film are glued, which is adapted to receive mechanical, possibly harmful pulses to the (brittle) permanent magnet material. For additional marginal protection of the permanent magnet and the overall arrangement, in particular against splintering of the magnetic material, a protective ring is preferably provided at the edge, which further education is formed from a non-conductive material, such as plastic, and has an intended binding or encapsulation effect.

Als besonders geeignet hat es sich herausgestellt, die erfindungsgemäße Stellvorrichtung im Kraftfahrzeugbereich, und dort insbesondere zur Motorsteuerung, zu verwenden. Durch Eingreifen des Eingriffsbereichs in einen geeigneten Stellabschnitt einer Nockenwelle eines Verbrennungsmotors lässt sich so in steuerungstechnisch günstiger Weise etwa eine variable Nockenwellensteuerung realisieren, wobei die vorliegende Erfindung sich dabei durch exzellente mechanische Stelleigenschaften, eingeschlossen kurze Stellzeiten und zuverlässige Stellbewegungen, bei vereinfachtem elektronischen Steuerungsbedarf auszeichnet. Insbesondere der Einsatz im Zusammenhang mit einer Nockenwellensteuerung bietet darüber hinaus die konstruktiv besonders elegante Lösung, nicht nur durch einen Nutengrund eines entsprechenden Stellpartners an der Nockenwelle (oder einem anderen Element) einen wirksamen Hub des Stellelements zu begrenzen, sondern zudem, zur Einleitung des Hereinführbetriebes, eine initiale Hubbewegung des Stellelements zurück in Richtung auf den Kernbereich auszuführen.It has proven to be particularly suitable to use the adjusting device according to the invention in the motor vehicle sector, and there in particular for engine control. By engaging the engagement portion in a suitable adjustment portion of a camshaft of an internal combustion engine leaves Thus, in a manner favorable for control technology, for example, a variable camshaft control can be realized, with the present invention being distinguished by excellent mechanical actuating properties, including short positioning times and reliable positioning movements, with simplified electronic control requirements. In particular, the use in connection with a camshaft control also offers the structurally particularly elegant solution, not only by a groove bottom of a corresponding control partner on the camshaft (or another element) to limit an effective stroke of the control element, but also, to initiate the Einführbetriebes, to perform an initial stroke of the actuator back towards the core area.

Im Ergebnis entsteht so durch die vorliegende Erfindung die Möglichkeit, eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung für einen leistungsarmen Stell- bzw. Schaltbetrieb, keinesfalls beschränkt auf den zwar bevorzugten, jedoch nicht ausschließlich vorgesehenen translatorischen Stellbetrieb, mit zuverlässigen mechanischen Betriebseigenschaften und einfachem Aufbau und einfacher Justierung zu kombinieren. Während der Betrieb im Zusammenhang mit einer Nockenwellensteuerung eine bevorzugte Verwendung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, scheinen die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten darüber hinaus nahezu unbegrenzt, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Möglichkeit, einen bistabilen Stell- und Schaltbetrieb leistungsarm zu ermöglichen.As a result, the present invention provides the possibility of combining an electromagnetic actuating device for a low-power actuating or switching operation, in no way limited to the preferred but not exclusively provided translatory actuating operation, with reliable mechanical operating characteristics and simple design and simple adjustment. Moreover, while camshaft control operation is a preferred use of the present invention, its applications seem almost limitless, particularly with regard to the ability to provide low power bistable and shift operation.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnungen; diese zeigen in

Fig. 1:
einen Längsschnitt durch eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Fig. 2:
eine perspektivische Ansicht der Gesamtvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 und
Fig. 3:
eine Ansicht im Längsschnitt analog Fig. 1 einer gattungsbildenden Stellvorrichtung, wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings; these show in
Fig. 1:
a longitudinal section through an electromagnetic actuator according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2:
a perspective view of the overall device of FIG. 2 and
3:
a view in longitudinal section analogous to FIG. 1 a generic type adjusting device, as known from the prior art.

Wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt, nimmt ein zylindrischer Gehäuseabschnitt 30 einen Kern 32 aus magnetischem Material auf, der von einer auf einem Spulenkörper 34 gewickelten Spule 36 umschlossen ist.As shown in Fig. 1, a cylindrical housing portion 30 receives a core 32 of magnetic material, which is enclosed by a coil 36 wound on a bobbin 34.

Innenseitig bildet der Kern 32 eine i. w. plane Flachseite zum Zusammenwirken mit einem scheibenförmigen Permanentmagneten 38 aus, und zentrisch im Kern 32 ist eine als Druckfeder ausgebildete Spiralfeder 40 gehalten.On the inside, the core 32 forms an i. w. plane flat side for cooperation with a disc-shaped permanent magnet 38, and centrally in the core 32 designed as a compression spring coil spring 40 is held.

Diese wirkt gegen einen Kolben 42 als Stellelement so, dass durch die Federkraft ein endseitiger Eingriffsbereich 44 des Kolbens 42 aus einem im Durchmesser verringerten länglichen Hülsenabschnitt 46 des Gehäuses geführt wird.This acts against a piston 42 as an adjusting element so that an end-side engagement portion 44 of the piston 42 is guided by a reduced diameter elongated sleeve portion 46 of the housing by the spring force.

Wie zudem aus der Fig. 1 erkennbar ist, sind beidseits des scheibenförmigen Permanentmagneten (aus gängigem Magnetmaterial, z. B. Nd-Fe) Scheiben 48, 50 aus magnetisch leitendem Material (z. B. Eisen) vorgesehen, wobei das Gefüge aus erster Scheibe 48, Permanentmagnetscheibe 38 und zweiter Scheibe 50 mittels dünnem Klebefilm miteinander verbunden ist und dadurch eine gewisse impulsdämpfende Wirkung aufweist. Wie zudem in der Fig. 1 erkennbar ist, ist die Anordnung von einem Kunststoffring 52 umgeben, der insbesondere die Aufgabe hat, das Abplatzen von Material aus der (spröden) Permanentmagnetscheibe zu verhindern bzw. das Eindringen von Splittern oder Schmutzkörpern in den Lauf- bzw. Bewegungsbereich der gezeigten Stellvorrichtung zu verhindern; wie aus der Fig. 1 erkennbar ist, bilden die jeweiligen Ränder des Permanentmagneten (bzw. des diesen umfassenden Kunststoffrings) sowie der Scheiben 48, 50 eine Kolbenumfangsfläche für eine im Inneren des Gehäuseabschnitts 30 ausgebildete Lauffläche aus.1, on both sides of the disk-shaped permanent magnet (made of common magnetic material, eg Nd-Fe), disks 48, 50 of magnetically conductive material (eg iron) are provided, the structure of FIG Disc 48, permanent magnet disc 38 and second disc 50 is connected to each other by thin adhesive film and thereby has a certain pulse-damping effect. As can also be seen in Fig. 1, the arrangement is surrounded by a plastic ring 52, which in particular has the task of preventing the spalling of material from the (brittle) permanent magnet disc or the penetration of splinters or dirt bodies in the running or To prevent range of motion of the illustrated actuator; As can be seen from FIG. 1, the respective edges of the permanent magnet (or of the plastic ring comprising it) and of the disks 48, 50 form a piston peripheral surface for a running surface formed in the interior of the housing section 30.

Auf die gezeigte Weise entsteht so ein zweiteiliges Gehäuse als Doppelzylinder, vgl. Fig. 2, wobei der Gehäuseabschnitt 30 einen einstückig ansetzenden Befestigungsflansch 54 aufweist und der Hülsenabschnitt 46 als separates Gehäuseteil bevorzugt aus nicht-magnetischem Stahl gefertigt und in den Gehäuseabschnitt 30 eingepasst ist. Die Fig. 2 verdeutlicht zusätzlich schematisch Kabelenden 56 für eine Stromversorgung der Spule 36.In the manner shown, a two-part housing is created as a double cylinder, cf. Fig. 2, wherein the housing portion 30 has an integrally attaching mounting flange 54 and the sleeve portion 46 as a separate Housing part preferably made of non-magnetic steel and fitted in the housing portion 30. FIG. 2 also schematically illustrates cable ends 56 for a power supply of the coil 36.

In Betrieb der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1, Fig. 2 ohne Strombeaufschlagung der Spule 36 wird zunächst die Anordnung aus Kolben 42 mit fest ansetzenden Scheiben 48, 38, 50 durch Wirkung des Permanentmagneten 38 am Kern 32 gehalten. Erst eine Strombeaufschlagung der Spule 36 erzeugt ein Magnetfeld, welches dem Feld des Permanentmagneten 38 entgegenwirkt, dieses in die Scheiben 48, 50 verdrängt bzw. lenkt und damit zu einem Abstoßen führt; hierdurch wird, unterstützt von der Kraft der Spiralfeder 40 (die als solche nicht in der Lage ist, die reine Haftkraft des Permanentmagneten 38 zu überwinden) der Kolben in der Darstellung der Fig. 1 nach rechts aus dem Hülsenabschnitt 46 des Gehäuses herausgetrieben und erfüllt damit seine bestimmungsgemäße Schalt- oder Stellfunktion. Sobald die Federkraft der Feder 40 stärker ist als eine Anziehungs- bzw. Rückhaltekraft des Permanentmagneten 38, kann zudem eine Strombeaufschlagung der Spule 36 entfallen und die Anordnung wird -- bistabil -- im ausgezogenen (ausgefahrenen) Zustand des Eingriffsbereich 44 gehalten, ohne dass es weiterer Energiezufuhr zur Anordnung bedarf.In operation of the arrangement according to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 without current being applied to the coil 36, the arrangement of pistons 42 with fixed disks 48, 38, 50 is initially held on the core 32 by the action of the permanent magnet 38. Only a current application of the coil 36 generates a magnetic field which counteracts the field of the permanent magnet 38, this displaced or deflected into the discs 48, 50 and thus leads to a repulsion; As a result, supported by the force of the coil spring 40 (which as such is unable to overcome the pure adhesive force of the permanent magnet 38), the piston in the illustration of FIG. 1 is driven out to the right from the sleeve section 46 of the housing and thus fulfills it its intended switching or positioning function. In addition, as soon as the spring force of the spring 40 is stronger than an attraction or retention force of the permanent magnet 38, a current loading of the coil 36 can be omitted and the arrangement is - bistable - held in the extended (extended) state of the engagement portion 44 without it requires further energy supply to the arrangement.

Ein Hineinfahren des Kolbens bzw. eine Umkehrung des Stellvorgangs kann dann dadurch erfolgen, dass durch Umpolen des anzulegenden Spulenstroms ein auf dem Permanentmagneten 38 bzw. die zugeordneten Scheiben 48, 50 anziehendes Feld wirkt, wodurch dann der Kolben -- gegen die Kraft der Feder 40 -- wieder in die Ausgangslage gemäß Fig. 1 gebracht wird. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann diese Bewegung ausgelöst werden durch eine externe Schubkraft auf den Kolben 42 in Richtung auf die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Ruheposition, soweit, bis der Permanentmagnet selbst dann das weitere Zurückführen durch seine Magnetkraft bewirken kann. Ein derartiges Bewegen kann beispielsweise durch einen mit der Stellvorrichtung zusammenwirkenden Stellpartner, etwa eine entsprechend ausgebildete Eingriffsnut, geschehen.A retraction of the piston or a reversal of the setting process can then take place in that by reversing the applied coil current on the permanent magnet 38 and the associated discs 48, 50 attracting field acts, whereby the piston - against the force of the spring 40th - Is brought back into the starting position shown in FIG. Additionally or alternatively, this movement can be triggered by an external thrust force on the piston 42 in the direction of the rest position shown in Fig. 1, to the extent that the permanent magnet can then cause the further return by its magnetic force. Such a movement can be done, for example, by a control partner cooperating with the adjusting device, for example a correspondingly designed engagement groove.

Eine besonders sinnvolle und wirksame praktische Anwendung findet die vorliegende Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit der Steuerung von Verbrennungsmaschinen, insbesondere der (variablen) Nockeneinstellung für eine Nockenwelle. Hier würde eine geeignete Nut für den Eingriffsbereich 44 des Kolbens 42 nicht nur durch ihren entsprechend bemessenen Nutengrund einen Maximalhub des Kolbens 42 begrenzen (so dass die Scheibe 50 nicht bis zum durch eine Innenfläche des Hülsenabschnitts 46 gebildeten Anschlag vorfährt), auch könnte dieser Nutengrund in geeigneter Weise den Löse- bzw. Rückimpuls für das oben beschriebene Zurückführen des Kolbens bis in die Ausgangslage gemäß Fig. 1 erzeugen.A particularly useful and effective practical application finds the present invention in the context of the control of internal combustion engines, in particular the (variable) cam timing for a camshaft. Here, a suitable groove for the engagement portion 44 of the piston 42 would limit not only by their appropriately sized groove bottom a maximum stroke of the piston 42 (so that the disc 50 does not advance to the stop formed by an inner surface of the sleeve portion 46), could also this groove bottom in suitably generate the release or return pulse for the above-described return of the piston to the initial position shown in FIG.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die konkret beschriebene Ausführungsform sowie das Anwendungsbeispiel Verbrennungsmotorsteuerung beschränkt. So ist es insbesondere von der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst, andere als die gezeigten translatorischen Bewegungen gemäß Fig. 1, Fig. 2 als Stellvorrichtung zu realisieren; so ist es insbesondere vorstellbar, dass eine (in den Figuren nicht gezeigte) Ausführungsform der Erfindung eine rotatorische Bewegung ausführt.The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment described as well as the application example of internal combustion engine control. Thus, it is in particular encompassed by the present invention to implement other than the illustrated translatory movements according to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 as an adjusting device; in particular, it is conceivable that an embodiment of the invention (not shown in the figures) performs a rotational movement.

Ferner ist auch die konstruktive Anordnung der einzelnen Aggregate innerhalb der Stellvorrichtung nicht festgelegt; nicht nur kann die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Spiralfeder 40 an anderer Stelle (auch z. B. als Zugfeder) ausgebildet sein, oder aber der Spulenbereich kann, bezogen auf den Kolben, entgegengesetzt angeordnet sein.Furthermore, the structural arrangement of the individual units within the adjusting device is not fixed; Not only can the coil spring 40 shown in Fig. 1 be formed elsewhere (also, for example, as a tension spring), or the coil portion may be disposed opposite to the piston.

Im Ergebnis entstehen somit durch die vorliegende Erfindung vielfältige Möglichkeiten, eine mechanisch mit geringstem Aufwand und äußerst zuverlässig wirkende Stellvorrichtung mit vereinfachter elektrotechnischer Ansteuerung und insbesondere auch leistungsarmem bistabilen Betrieb zu kombinieren.As a result, thus arise through the present invention various possibilities to combine a mechanically with minimal effort and extremely reliable acting adjusting device with simplified electrical control and in particular low-power bistable operation.

Claims (5)

  1. Electromagnetic actuating device having a movable actuating element (42), which forms an engagement region (44) at the end, and a coil device (34, 36), which is provided in a stationary manner relative to the actuating element and is designed to exert a force thereon, which actuating element (42) has permanent magnet means (38), which are designed as a permanent magnet disc (38) provided on an opposite end region of the actuating element (42) to the engagement region (44) and which act together with a stationary core region (32) of the coil device (34, 36) and by means of which the actuating element (42) is held against the coil device (34, 36) in the deenergized state of the coil device (34, 36), wherein, when a current is applied to the coil device (34, 36), the actuating element (42) is released from the coil device (34, 36) while overcoming a holding force of the permanent magnet means and is driven out of an associated housing of the actuating device comprising a housing section (30), which encloses the coil device (34, 36) and the core region (32), characterized in that the actuating element (42), which is designed as an elongated plunger, is guided in a tubular sleeve section (46) of the housing, which sleeve section (46) is fitted as a separate housing part into the housing section (30), which has a fixing flange (54) attached in one piece, so that a two-part housing is produced in the form of a double cylinder, the engagement region (44) acting together with a corresponding actuating partner of a camshaft of an internal combustion engine with variable cam setting, said actuating partner being designed as an engagement slot, in such a way that a slot bottom of the engagement slot is designed to produce a return force in a direction of the holding force of the permanent magnet means and thereby to effect a stroke movement of the actuating element (42) through a predetermined longitudinal stroke, the longitudinal stroke being set so that an actuating element, which is moved in this way, can be moved in the direction of the core region (32) by the permanent magnet means (38).
  2. Actuating device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the actuating element has a disc element (48) made from magnetically conducting material such as iron provided adjacent to the disc-shaped permanent magnet means (38) in the direction of the core region (32).
  3. Actuating device according to Claim 2, characterized in that a second disc element (50) made from magnetically conducting material such as iron is provided adjacent to the permanent magnet means (38) on the other side.
  4. Actuating device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one disc element is joined to the permanent magnet means (38) by means of an adhesive film, which preferably has a predetermined elasticity.
  5. Actuating device according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the permanent magnet means (38) and preferably at least one disc element are enclosed at the edge by a sleeve element or encapsulating element (52) made from non-magnetic material, preferably by a plastic ring.
EP02781178A 2001-09-01 2002-08-30 Electromagnetic regulating device Revoked EP1421591B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE20114466U DE20114466U1 (en) 2001-09-01 2001-09-01 Electromagnetic actuator
DE20114466U 2001-09-01
PCT/EP2002/009677 WO2003021612A1 (en) 2001-09-01 2002-08-30 Electromagnetic regulating device

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EP1421591A1 EP1421591A1 (en) 2004-05-26
EP1421591B1 true EP1421591B1 (en) 2007-10-03

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AT (1) ATE374997T1 (en)
DE (4) DE20114466U1 (en)
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US6967550B2 (en) 2005-11-22
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DE50211017D1 (en) 2007-11-15
DE10240774A1 (en) 2003-04-10

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