EP2743940B1 - Electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents
Electromagnetic actuator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2743940B1 EP2743940B1 EP12008246.6A EP12008246A EP2743940B1 EP 2743940 B1 EP2743940 B1 EP 2743940B1 EP 12008246 A EP12008246 A EP 12008246A EP 2743940 B1 EP2743940 B1 EP 2743940B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- electromagnetic actuator
- air gap
- actuator according
- armature
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator having at least one electric switching magnet having a magnetic circuit, a lying in the magnetic circuit, of a magnetic core and a magnet armature limited working air gap and a magnetic force field in the working air gap generating magnetic coil, wherein means for manually adjusting the Gap width of the working air gap are provided, which have a force acting on the magnetic core to the longitudinal displacement adjustment mechanism.
- Such electromagnetic actuators are used for actuating hydraulic or pneumatic valves or electrical circuit breakers, wherein the valves and circuit breakers in two stable end states, open or closed, can be transferred.
- the switching times of the actuators are determined by the switching times of the solenoids.
- these solenoids In order to integrate several solenoids in an actuator for operating a group of valves or circuit breakers, these solenoids must have exactly the same switching times. However, the switching time of a solenoid is dependent on manufacturing tolerances of the parts of the solenoid, of material variations of the magnetic material and variations of the coil winding of the solenoid.
- An electromagnetic actuator of the aforementioned type is exemplified in EP 1 698 817 A2 known.
- the document discloses an electromagnetic valve with an electromagnetic actuator having a housing for receiving a coil and an armature, wherein the armature is received in an armature chamber linearly movable to be displaced between an extended position and a retracted position, wherein further is provided with the housing of the electromagnetic actuator can be coupled pole piece whose position relative to the housing via a thread is adjustable to adjust an air gap of the electromagnetic actuator.
- the invention has for its object to compensate for switching magnets of electromagnetic actuators production-related tolerance deviations of the switching times to u. a. In electromagnetic actuators to be able to "pair" switching magnets with exactly the same switching times.
- the object of the invention is achieved according to the invention in an electromagnetic actuator according to the aforementioned type, that the adhesion of a substantially U-shaped yoke with legs and a middle part connecting the legs is derived, that the central part with spring bias on an actuator of the adjustment mechanism
- the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention has the advantage that by changing the gap width of the Arbeüs Kunststoffspalts in the magnetic circuit of each switching magnet, the switching time of the solenoid varies within limits and thus can be set exactly to a desired value.
- the adjustment mechanism has in an advantageous embodiment, a manually operable actuator and is designed so that a rotational movement of the actuator causes the longitudinal displacement of the magnetic core.
- magnetic core and armature are guided in a hollow cylindrical bobbin of the magnetic coil, which carries a coil winding, also called exciter winding, the magnetic coil.
- the adjustment mechanism has a screw connection between Eirzstellglied and bobbin.
- the screw connection is advantageously realized in that the adjusting mechanism has at least one ramp rotating on the bobbin inclined ramp and the adjusting member at least one resting on the ramp slider and a tool holder for a rotary tool.
- the adjusting member With insertion of the rotary tool in the tool holder, the adjusting member to z. B. ⁇ 80 °, wherein the slider slides along the ramp and the magnetic core associated with it, also called pole piece, axially displaces up or down, whereby the gap width of the working air gap increases or decreases.
- the actuator is integrally formed on the magnetic core, whereby a simple manufacture of the actuator is achieved with slider.
- the actuator via the at least one slider is positively on the ramp, wherein the adhesion is generated via a magnetic yoke of the switching magnet.
- the middle part of the magnetic yoke axially presses with spring bias on the adjusting member and is recessed in the region of the tool holder.
- the solenoid has a return device for returning the armature in case of elimination of the force field in the working air gap.
- a return device is advantageously realized by means of a compression spring, which is arranged in the working air gap and is supported between the mutually facing, the working air gap limiting end faces of the magnetic core and magnet armature.
- the restoring device has a first permanent magnet inserted into the magnet core and a second permanent magnet inserted into the magnet armature, wherein the two permanent magnets with equidirectional poles face each other at the working air gap.
- the return device of the solenoid operates monostable, ie the armature is for the period of energization of the solenoid in his Switching state held and returns after elimination of the energization in its rest position.
- this has a arranged in the working air gap compression spring, which is supported between the mutually facing end faces of the magnetic core and armature, and a permanent magnet inserted into the magnetic core or the armature whose magnetic force is greater than the spring force of the Drucklfeder.
- the switching valve operates bistable and is converted by reversing the current to the solenoid coil in one or the other switching state.
- the coil winding of the magnetic coil is controlled by a power electronics having a holding circuit.
- the power to maintain the switching state of the solenoid is reduced after the expiration of the switching time of the solenoid.
- Electromagnetic actuator shown with non-encapsulated solenoid 12 has an actuator block 11 in which a plurality of hydraulic or pneumatic valves are integrated, each valve is confirmed by a seated on the actuator block 11 electrical switching magnet 12.
- the actuator block 11 includes four valves and the actuator corresponding to four electric solenoids 12.
- valves in the actuator block 11 and electrical circuit breaker may be integrated, each circuit breaker is actuated by a solenoid 12.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 An electrical switching magnet 12 is in FIGS. 6 to 8 shown in longitudinal section and in plan view. FIGS. 3, 4 and 5
- the electrical switching magnet 12 has a magnetic circuit with a pole piece or magnetic core 13 and a magnet armature 14 and an enclosed between the magnetic core 13 and armature 14 Working air gap 15, in which by means of a magnetic coil 16, a magnetic force field is generated.
- the magnetic circuit is closed by a magnetic yoke 17 and a flux piece 18.
- the magnet coil 16 has a hollow cylindrical coil body 19 with an upper and lower end flange 191, 192 and a coil winding 20, also called exciter winding, which is wound onto the coil former 19 between the two end flanges 191, 192.
- the magnetic yoke 17 is U-shaped with two legs 171, 172 and a leg connecting the legs 171, 172 173 formed and pushed onto the solenoid 16 so that the two legs 171, 172 engage over the magnetic coil 16 in the longitudinal or axial direction and the middle part 173 generates a spring force directed toward the magnetic core 13.
- the flux piece 18 connects the ends of the two legs 171, 172 with each other and is recessed in the region of the magnet armature 14, so that it can pass through the flux piece 18.
- the armature 14 is z. B. firmly connected to a valve member of a valve in the actuator block 11.
- the adjustment mechanism 21 has a manually operable actuator 22 and is designed so that a rotational movement of the actuator 22 causes the longitudinal displacement of the magnetic core 13. This can be realized, for example, by a screw connection between the actuator 22 and bobbin 19 of the magnetic coil 16.
- the adjustment mechanism 21 has at least one oblique ramp 23 (FIG. FIG. 5 ) and the actuator 22 at least one resting on the ramp 23 slider 24 (FIG. FIG. 4 ) and a tool holder 24 for a turning tool ( FIG.
- the actuator 22 is advantageously integrally formed on the magnetic core 13 ( FIG. 1 and 4 ), but also as be formed separate component, the non-positively applied to the magnetic core 13 or is firmly connected thereto.
- the magnetic yoke 17 resting on the actuator 22 with its spring-biased middle portion 173 provides a frictional connection between the at least one slider 25 on the actuator 22 and the ramp 23 on the bobbin 19.
- the center portion 173 of the magnetic yoke 17 is in the region of Tool holder 24 recessed, thus having a central through hole 26, which allows access to the tool holder 24.
- the tool holder 24 is designed as a slot into which a screwdriver can be inserted.
- two sliders 25 are present on the actuator 22 and the magnetic core 13 ( FIG. 4 ).
- FIGS. 6 to 8 can be illustrated by turning the actuator 22 from a middle position ( FIG. 7 ) reduces the gap width b of the working air gap 15 ( FIG. 6 ) or enlarged ( FIG. 8 ) and thereby the switching time of the solenoid 12 can be shortened or increased.
- the air gap width b of the working air gap 15 can thus be adjusted so that the influence of manufacturing tolerances on the switching time of the solenoid 12 compensated and all the switching magnets 12 on the actuator block 11 have an identical switching time. If the actuator 22 from its position according to FIG. 7 to z. B. rotated 80 ° clockwise ( FIG. 6 ), the sliders 25 on the actuator 22 on the ramp 23 ( FIG.
- the actuator 22 for example, rotated counterclockwise up to 80 ° ( FIG. 8 ) so slide the sliders 25 on the ramp 23 upwards, whereby the magnetic core 13 is displaced against the spring bias of the magnetic yoke 17 and the gap width b of the working air gap 15 increases.
- the switching time of the solenoid 12 is reduced or increased.
- the switching magnet 12 described above operates monostable, ie, the magnet armature 14 is energized when the solenoid 16 by the in Working air gap 15 constructed magnetic force field to the magnetic core 13 moves back and falls in elimination of the energization of the solenoid 16, so when eliminating the magnetic force field, back to its original position.
- a return device 27 is provided, which is realized in the illustrated embodiment by means of a compression spring 28 which is arranged in the working air gap 15 and is supported between the mutually facing, the working air gap 15 delimiting end faces of the magnetic core 13 and armature 14.
- the biasing force of the central part 173 of the magnetic yoke 17 is greater than the axially directed restoring force of the return device 27, so that the sliders 25 remain on the actuator 22 with the ramps 23 on the bobbin 19 in frictional engagement.
- the return device 27 applies the magnetic core 13 to the actuator 22 in a force-fitting manner.
- a modified reset device 27 is shown in FIG FIG. 9 shown.
- the restoring device 27 comprises a first permanent magnet 29 inserted into the magnet core 13 and a second permanent magnet 30 inserted into the armature 14, the permanent magnets 29, 30 facing the same direction poles, here with the south poles "S", at the working air gap 15.
- the two permanent magnets 29, 30 repel each other, wherein the repulsive force of the permanent magnets 29, 30 is overcome when the magnetic coil 16 is energized.
- FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal section of a switching magnet 12 which operates bistable, that is stable in each of its two switching states.
- the return device 27, in turn, the compression spring 28 which is arranged in the working air gap 15 and is supported between the mutually facing end faces of the magnetic core 13 and armature 14, and in addition a permanent magnet 31 which is inserted into the magnetic core 13 and its magnetic force greater is as the spring force of the compression spring 28. If the solenoid 26 is energized, the armature 14 against the spring force of Tightened compression spring 28. In the absence of energization of the armature 14 is held by the permanent magnet 31 in this position.
- the solenoid 26 is energized with reverse polarity, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 31 is weakened and the compression spring 28 is able to return the armature 14 in its rest position.
- the permanent magnet 31 may alternatively be used in the armature 14.
- Each of the arranged on the actuator block 11 switching 12 is encapsulated, so covered with a protective housing 32, as for three solenoids 12 in FIG. 1 is illustrated.
- the magnetic coil 16 is also removed and the magnet yoke 17 is indicated by dashed lines, so that the magnetic circuit with magnetic core 13, magnet armature 14 and working air gap 15 enclosed between them can be seen.
- the upper end flange 191 is shown by the bobbin 19.
- the coil winding 20 is connected via a power electronics to a voltage source.
- the power electronics has a known holding circuit, which serves to reduce power while maintaining the energization after the switching time.
- the power electronics with holding circuit is housed in a protective box 33 which is attached like a backpack to the protective housing 32 ( FIG. 1 ). Connection contacts 34, 35 for the voltage source are led out of the protective box 33.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen elektromagnetischen Aktor mit mindestens einem elektrischen Schaltmagneten, der einen magnetischen Kreis, einen im magnetischen Kreis liegenden, von einem Magnetkern und einem Magnetanker begrenzten Arbeitsluftspalt und eine ein magnetisches Kraftfeld im Arbeitsluftspalt erzeugende Magnetspule aufweist, wobei Mittel zum manuellen Einstellen der Spaltbreite des Arbeitsluftspalts vorgesehen sind, die eine am Magnetkern zu dessen Längsverschiebung angreifende Einstellmechanik aufweisen.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator having at least one electric switching magnet having a magnetic circuit, a lying in the magnetic circuit, of a magnetic core and a magnet armature limited working air gap and a magnetic force field in the working air gap generating magnetic coil, wherein means for manually adjusting the Gap width of the working air gap are provided, which have a force acting on the magnetic core to the longitudinal displacement adjustment mechanism.
Derartige elektromagnetische Aktoren dienen zum Betätigen von hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Ventilen oder elektrischen Leistungsschaltern, wobei die Ventile und Leistungsschalter in zwei stabile Endzustände, offen oder geschlossen, überführbar sind. Die Schaltzeiten der Aktoren werden durch die Schaltzeiten der Schaltmagnete bestimmt. Um mehrere Schaltmagnete in einem Aktor zum Betätigen einer Gruppe von Ventilen oder Leistungsschaltern integrieren zu können, müssen diese Schaltmagnete exakt gleiche Schaltzeiten aufweisen. Die Schaltzeit eines Schaltmagneten ist jedoch abhängig von Fertigungstoleranzen der Teile des Schaltmagneten, von Materialvariationen des magnetischen Materials und Variationen des Spulenwickels der Magnetspule.Such electromagnetic actuators are used for actuating hydraulic or pneumatic valves or electrical circuit breakers, wherein the valves and circuit breakers in two stable end states, open or closed, can be transferred. The switching times of the actuators are determined by the switching times of the solenoids. In order to integrate several solenoids in an actuator for operating a group of valves or circuit breakers, these solenoids must have exactly the same switching times. However, the switching time of a solenoid is dependent on manufacturing tolerances of the parts of the solenoid, of material variations of the magnetic material and variations of the coil winding of the solenoid.
Ein elektromagnetischer Aktor der vorstehend genannten Art ist beispielhaft aus der
Ein weiterer elektromagnetischer Aktor ist beispielhaft aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, an Schaltmagneten von elektromagnetischen Aktoren fertigungsbedingte Toleranzabweichungen der Schaltzeiten zu kompensieren, um u. a. in elektromagnetischen Aktoren Schaltmagnete mit exakt gleichen Schaltzeiten "paaren" zu können.The invention has for its object to compensate for switching magnets of electromagnetic actuators production-related tolerance deviations of the switching times to u. a. In electromagnetic actuators to be able to "pair" switching magnets with exactly the same switching times.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird bei einem elektromagnetischen Aktor gemäß der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Kraftschluss von einem im Wesentlichen U-förmigen Magnetjoch mit Schenkeln und einem die Schenkel verbindenden Mittelteil abgeleitet ist, dass der Mittelteil mit Federvorspannung auf ein Stellglied der Einstellmechanik drückt und die Schenkel die Magnetspule in deren Achsrichtung übergreifen, und dass die Schenkelenden über ein im Bereich des Magnetankers ausgespartes Flussstück miteinander verbunden sind.Der erfindungsgemäße elektromagnetische Aktor hat den Vorteil, dass durch Veränderung der Spaltbreite des Arbeüsluftspalts im magnetischen Kreis eines jeden Schaltmagneten die Schaltzeit des Schaltmagneten in Grenzen variiert und damit auf einen gewünschten Wert exakt eingestellt werden kann.The object of the invention is achieved according to the invention in an electromagnetic actuator according to the aforementioned type, that the adhesion of a substantially U-shaped yoke with legs and a middle part connecting the legs is derived, that the central part with spring bias on an actuator of the adjustment mechanism The electromagnetic actuator according to the invention has the advantage that by changing the gap width of the Arbeüsluftspalts in the magnetic circuit of each switching magnet, the switching time of the solenoid varies within limits and thus can be set exactly to a desired value.
Weitere besondere Erfindungsmerkmale sowie Ausgestaltungen des Erfindungsgegenstands ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.Other particular features of the invention and embodiments of the subject invention will become apparent from the other claims and the description below.
Die Einstellmechanik besitzt in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ein manuell betätigbares Stellglied und ist so konzipiert, dass eine Drehbewegung des Stellglieds die Längsverschiebung des Magnetkerns bewirkt.The adjustment mechanism has in an advantageous embodiment, a manually operable actuator and is designed so that a rotational movement of the actuator causes the longitudinal displacement of the magnetic core.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind Magnetkern und Magnetanker in einem hohlzylindrischen Spulenkörper der Magnetspule geführt, der einen Spulenwickel, auch Erregerwicklung genannt, der Magnetspule trägt. Die Einstellmechanik weist eine Schraubverbindung zwischen Eirzstellglied und Spulenkörper auf.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, magnetic core and armature are guided in a hollow cylindrical bobbin of the magnetic coil, which carries a coil winding, also called exciter winding, the magnetic coil. The adjustment mechanism has a screw connection between Eirzstellglied and bobbin.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Schraubverbindung vorteilhaft dadurch realisiert, dass die Einstellmechanik mindestens eine am Spulenkörper umlaufende schräge Rampe und das Einstellglied mindestens ein auf der Rampe aufliegendes Gleitstück sowie eine Werkzeugaufnahme für ein Drehwerkzeug aufweist. Mit Einsetzen des Drehwerkzeugs in die Werkzeugaufnahme kann das Einstellglied um z. B. ± 80° gedreht werden, wobei das Gleitstück auf der Rampe entlanggleitet und den mit ihm verbundenen Magnetkern, auch Polstück genannt, axial nach oben oder unten verschiebt, wodurch die Spaltbreite des Arbeitsluftspalts zu- oder abnimmt. Vorzugsweise ist das Stellglied einstückig am Magnetkern ausgeformt, wodurch eine einfache Fertigung des Stellglieds mit Gleitstück erzielt wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the screw connection is advantageously realized in that the adjusting mechanism has at least one ramp rotating on the bobbin inclined ramp and the adjusting member at least one resting on the ramp slider and a tool holder for a rotary tool. With insertion of the rotary tool in the tool holder, the adjusting member to z. B. ± 80 °, wherein the slider slides along the ramp and the magnetic core associated with it, also called pole piece, axially displaces up or down, whereby the gap width of the working air gap increases or decreases. Preferably, the actuator is integrally formed on the magnetic core, whereby a simple manufacture of the actuator is achieved with slider.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt das Stellglied über das mindestens eine Gleitstück kraftschlüssig auf der Rampe auf, wobei der Kraftschluss über ein Magnetjoch des Schaltmagneten erzeugt wird. Der Mittelteil des Magnetjochs drückt mit Federvorspannung axial auf das Einstellglied und ist im Bereich der Werkzeugaufnahme ausgespart.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the actuator via the at least one slider is positively on the ramp, wherein the adhesion is generated via a magnetic yoke of the switching magnet. The middle part of the magnetic yoke axially presses with spring bias on the adjusting member and is recessed in the region of the tool holder.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Schaltmagnet eine Rückstellvorrichtung zum Rückführen des Magnetankers bei Wegfall des Kraftfelds im Arbeitsluftspalt auf. Eine solche Rückstellvorrichtung ist vorteilhaft mittels einer Druckfeder realisiert, die im Arbeitsluftspalt angeordnet ist und sich zwischen den einander zugekehrten, den Arbeitsluftspalt begrenzenden Stirnflächen von Magnetkern und Magnetanker abstützt. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform weist die Rückstellvorrichtung einen in den Magnetkern eingesetzten ersten Permanentmagneten und einen in den Magnetanker eingesetzten zweiten Permanentmagneten auf, wobei die beiden Permanentmagnete mit gleichsinnigen Polen einander am Arbeitsluftspalt zugekehrt sind. Bei beiden Ausführungsformen der Rückstellvorrichtung arbeitet der Schaltmagnet monostabil, d.h. der Magnetanker wird für die Zeitdauer der Bestromung der Magnetspule in seinem Schaltzustand gehalten und kehrt nach Wegfall der Bestromung in seine Ruheposition zurück.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the solenoid has a return device for returning the armature in case of elimination of the force field in the working air gap. Such a return device is advantageously realized by means of a compression spring, which is arranged in the working air gap and is supported between the mutually facing, the working air gap limiting end faces of the magnetic core and magnet armature. In an alternative embodiment, the restoring device has a first permanent magnet inserted into the magnet core and a second permanent magnet inserted into the magnet armature, wherein the two permanent magnets with equidirectional poles face each other at the working air gap. In both embodiments of the return device of the solenoid operates monostable, ie the armature is for the period of energization of the solenoid in his Switching state held and returns after elimination of the energization in its rest position.
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Rückstellvorrichtung weist diese eine im Arbeitsluftspalt angeordnete Druckfeder, die sich zwischen den einander zugekehrten Stirnflächen von Magnetkern und Magnetanker abstützt, sowie einen in den Magnetkern oder den Magnetanker eingesetzten Permanentmagneten auf, dessen Magnetkraft größer ist als die Federkraft der Drucklfeder. In diesem Fall arbeitet das Schaltventil bistabil und wird durch Umpolung der Bestromung der Magnetspule in den einen oder anderen Schaltzustand überführt.According to an alternative embodiment of the return device, this has a arranged in the working air gap compression spring, which is supported between the mutually facing end faces of the magnetic core and armature, and a permanent magnet inserted into the magnetic core or the armature whose magnetic force is greater than the spring force of the Drucklfeder. In this case, the switching valve operates bistable and is converted by reversing the current to the solenoid coil in one or the other switching state.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Spulenwickel der Magnetspule über eine Leistungselektronik angesteuert, die eine Halteschaltung aufweist. Durch diese Halteschaltung wird nach Ablauf der Schaltzeit des Schaltmagneten die Leistung zur Aufrechterhaltung des Schaltzustands des Schaltmagneten reduziert.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the coil winding of the magnetic coil is controlled by a power electronics having a holding circuit. By this holding circuit, the power to maintain the switching state of the solenoid is reduced after the expiration of the switching time of the solenoid.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ausschnittweise eine perspektivische Ansicht eines elektromagnetischen Aktors mit mehreren gekapselten Schaltmagneten, von denen einer teilweise demontiert ist,
- Fig. 2
- eine perspektivische Ansicht des Aktors mit ungekapselten Schaltmagneten,
- Fig. 3
- ausschnittweise eine Seitenansicht eines Magnetjochs eines Schaltmagneten,
- Fig. 4
- ausschnittweise eine Seitenansicht eines Magnetkerns des Schaltmagneten mit einstückig angeformtem Stellglied,
- Fig. 5
- ausschnittweise eine perspektivische Draufsicht eines Spulenkörpers einer Magnetspule des Schaltmagneten,
- Fig.6 bis 8
- jeweils eine Längsschnitt und eine Draufsicht eines Schaltmagneten in drei verschiedenen Drehstellungen des Stellglieds,
- Fig. 9
- einen Längsschnitt eines Schaltmagneten mit einer Rückstellvorrichtung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
- Fig. 10
- einen Längsschnitt eines Schaltmagneten mit einer Rückstellvorrichtung gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel.
- Fig. 1
- 1 is a partial perspective view of an electromagnetic actuator with a plurality of encapsulated solenoids, one of which is partially disassembled,
- Fig. 2
- a perspective view of the actuator with non-encapsulated solenoids,
- Fig. 3
- a partial view of a magnetic yoke of a solenoid,
- Fig. 4
- a partial side view of a magnetic core of the solenoid with integrally molded actuator,
- Fig. 5
- a perspective view in perspective of a bobbin of a magnetic coil of the solenoid,
- Fig.6 to 8
- each a longitudinal section and a plan view of a solenoid in three different rotational positions of the actuator,
- Fig. 9
- a longitudinal section of a solenoid with a reset device according to a second embodiment,
- Fig. 10
- a longitudinal section of a solenoid with a reset device according to a third embodiment.
Der in
Ein elektrischer Schaltmagnet 12 ist in
Zur Kompensation von fertigungsbedingten Abweichungen von vorgegebenen Sollwerten für die Schaltzeit des Schaltmagneten sind Mittel zum manuellen Einstellen der Spaltbreite b des Arbeitsluftspalts 15 vorgesehen. Diese Mittel weisen eine am Magnetkern 13 zu dessen Längsverschiebung angreifende Einstellmechanik 21 auf. Die Einstellmechanik 21 besitzt ein manuell betätigbares Stellglied 22 und ist so konzipiert, dass eine Drehbewegung des Stellglieds 22 die Längsverschiebung des Magnetkerns 13 bewirkt. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine Schraubverbindung zwischen Stellglied 22 und Spulenkörper 19 der Magnetspule 16 realisiert werden. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Einstellmechanik 21 mindestens eine am Spulenkörper 19 umlaufende schräge Rampe 23 (
Wie mit den Bildern in
Der vorstehend beschriebene Schaltmagnet 12 arbeitet monostabil, d. h. der Magnetanker 14 wird bei Bestromung der Magnetspule 16 durch das im Arbeitsluftspalt 15 aufgebaute magnetische Kraftfeld zum Magnetkern 13 hin bewegt und fällt bei Wegfall der Bestromung der Magnetspule 16, also bei Wegfall des magnetischen Kraftfelds, wieder in seine Ausgangsstellung zurück. Hierzu ist eine Rückstellvorrichtung 27 vorgesehen, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mittels einer Druckfeder 28 realisiert ist, die im Arbeitsluftspalt 15 angeordnet ist und sich zwischen den einander zugekehrten, den Arbeitsluftspalt 15 begrenzenden Stirnflächen von Magnetkern 13 und Magnetanker 14 abstützt. Die Vorspannkraft des Mittelteils 173 des Magnetjochs 17 ist größer als die axial gerichtete Rückstellkraft der Rückstellvorrichtung 27, so dass die Gleitstücke 25 am Stellglied 22 mit den Rampen 23 am Spulenkörper 19 im kraftschlüssigen Eingriff verbleiben. Bei der Ausführung von Magnetkern 13 und Stellglied 22 als separate Bauteile legt die Rückstellvorrichtung 27 den Magnetkern 13 kraftschlüssig an das Stellglied 22 an.The switching
Eine modifizierte Rückstellvorrichtung 27 ist in
Jeder der auf dem Aktorblock 11 angeordneten Schaltmagnete 12 ist gekapselt, also mit einem Schutzgehäuse 32 abgedeckt, wie dies für drei Schaltmagnete 12 in
Zur Bestromung der Magnetspule 16, d. h. des Spulenwickels 20, ist der Spulenwickel 20 über eine Leistungselektronik an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossen. Die Leistungselektronik weist eine an sich bekannte Halteschaltung auf, die zur Leistungsreduzierung bei Aufrechterhaltung der Bestromung nach Ablauf der Schaltzeit dient. Die Leistungselektronik mit Halteschaltung ist in einem Schutzkasten 33 untergebracht, der rucksackartig an das Schutzgehäuse 32 angesetzt ist (
Claims (12)
- Electromagnetic actuator, comprising at least one electric switching magnet (12) comprising a magnet circuit, an operating air gap (15) arranged in the magnetic circuit and delimited by a magnet core (13) and a magnet armature (14), and a magnet coil (16) that generates a magnetic force field in the operating air gap (15), wherein means for manually adjusting the gap width (b) of the operating air gap (15) are provided, the means comprising an adjustment mechanism (21) engaging the magnet core (13) for longitudinal displacement thereof, characterized in that the force closure is derived from a substantially U-shaped magnet yoke (17) having two legs (171,172) and a central portion (173) connecting the legs (173, 172), in that the central portion (173) biases against a control element (22) of the adjustment mechanism (21) by means of spring preloading and the legs (171,172) encompass the magnet coil (16) in the axial direction thereof, and in that ends of the legs (171,172) are connected to one another via a flux part (18) which is recessed in the region of the magnet armature (14).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjustment mechanism (21) comprises a manually actuable control element (22) and is configured in such a way that a rotational movement of the control element (22) effects the longitudinal displacement of the magnet core (13).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that magnet core (16) comprises a hollow cylindrical coil body (19) and a coil winding (20) coiled at the coil body (19), in that the magnet core (13) and the magnet armature (14) are guided in the coil body (19), and in that the adjustment mechanism (21) comprises a threaded joint between the control element (22) and the coil body (19).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjustment mechanism (21) comprises at least one inclined ramp (23) circumscribing at the coil body (19), and in that the control element (22) comprises at least one slide piece (25) supported at the ramp (23) and a tool mount (24) for a rotation tool.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control element is integrally formed at the magnet core (13).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one slide piece (25) is supported at the ramp (23) in a force-fit fashion.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central portion (173) is recessed in the region of the tool mount (24).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching magnet (12) comprises a rebound arrangement (27) for returning the magnet armature (13) in the event of a discontinuation of the magnetic force field in the operating air gap (15).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rebound arrangement (27) comprises a compression spring (28) arranged in the operating air gap (15), wherein the compression spring (28) is supported at the frontal surfaces of the magnet core (13) and the magnet armature (14) which are facing one another and which delimit the operating air gap (15).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rebound arrangement (27) comprises a first permanent magnet (29) inserted in the magnet core (13) and a second permanent magnet (30) inserted in the magnet armature (14), and in that the permanent magnets (29, 30) are facing one another at the operating air gap (15) with poles having the same orientation.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rebound arrangement (27) comprises a compression spring (28) arranged in the operating air gap (15), wherein the compression spring (28) is supported at the front surfaces of the magnet core (13) and the magnet armature (14) that are facing one a another and delimit the operating air gap (15), and a permanent magnet (31) inserted in the magnet core (13) or the magnet armature (14), wherein a magnet force of the permanent magnet (31) is greater than the spring force of the compression spring (28).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coil winding (20) of the magnet coil (16) is connected to a voltage source via a power electronics comprising a holding circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12008246.6A EP2743940B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | Electromagnetic actuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12008246.6A EP2743940B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | Electromagnetic actuator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2743940A1 EP2743940A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
EP2743940B1 true EP2743940B1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12008246.6A Active EP2743940B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | Electromagnetic actuator |
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CN117142663B (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-26 | 湖南科技大学 | Sewage organic waste treatment device for carbon neutralization |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR910006944Y1 (en) * | 1986-12-26 | 1991-09-17 | 미쯔비시 고오교오 세멘또 가부시끼가이샤 | Electro magnetic actuator |
CN1854581B (en) * | 2005-03-05 | 2013-07-10 | 仕龙阀门公司 | Electromagnetic apparatus and method for controlling fluid flow |
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2012
- 2012-12-11 EP EP12008246.6A patent/EP2743940B1/en active Active
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