EP1406349B1 - Aktive Breitband-Empfangsantenne mit Empfangspegel-Regelung - Google Patents

Aktive Breitband-Empfangsantenne mit Empfangspegel-Regelung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1406349B1
EP1406349B1 EP03019899A EP03019899A EP1406349B1 EP 1406349 B1 EP1406349 B1 EP 1406349B1 EP 03019899 A EP03019899 A EP 03019899A EP 03019899 A EP03019899 A EP 03019899A EP 1406349 B1 EP1406349 B1 EP 1406349B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
frequency
active
antenna
input
fact
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EP03019899A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1406349A2 (de
EP1406349A3 (de
Inventor
Heinz Lindenmeier
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Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH
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Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1406349A3 publication Critical patent/EP1406349A3/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active broadband receiving antenna, comprising a passive antenna part 1 with a frequency-dependent effective length l e , whose output terminals are connected to the input terminals of an amplifier circuit 21 high frequency.
  • Electrically long antennas or antennas that are in direct coupling with electrically large bodies have a frequency-dependent open-circuit voltage when excited with an electrical field strength held constant above the frequency, which is expressed by the effective length l e (f).
  • the antenna noise temperature T A in terrestrial environment - coming from low frequencies - has fallen so far that for bipolar transistors from the side of the passive antenna part, a source impedance in the vicinity of the optimal impedance for the transistor impedance Z opt is required for noise adaptation, so as not to suffer any significant sensitivity loss due to the transistor noise.
  • the basic form of an active antenna of this kind is in Fig. 2b shown and is known for example from DT-AS 23 10 616, the DT-AS 15 91 300 and AS 1919749.
  • active broadband antennas which are not channel selective, but are tuned to a frequency band, such as the FM radio frequency band broadband is it is necessary to transform the antenna impedance Z S (f) of a short radiator in Z A (f) into the vicinity of Z opt (see VHF range in DT-AS 23 10 616) or to design the radiator itself in such a way that the antenna impedance Z S (f) itself lies in the vicinity of Z opt (see FM range in AS 1919749).
  • the high electrical field strengths in the vicinity of the transmitter can lead to strong interference due to intermodulation and limiting effects in the electronic amplifier of the active receiving antenna, since this is highly sensitive in terms of high sensitivity and in terms of broadband compliance with the electrical Characteristics is dimensioned.
  • the technique used is usually very complex, with the effort with increasing demand for intermodulation strength increases greatly.
  • active receiving antennas which use a rectifier circuit with control circuit to determine the signal level, but cheaper amplifier can be used, since they are able to lower the gain of the active receiving antenna when a predetermined receive level is exceeded in order to receive interference by intermodulation and To avoid limiting effects in the amplifier and in the secondary circuit.
  • Narrow bandwidth receivers typically do not need to be protected from nonlinear effects by level overload.
  • U.S. Patent 4,875,019 is z.
  • Example a receiver preamplifier with a matched to the fixed frequency for the narrow-band reception of Loran signals input resonant circuit specified. Measures to reduce the reception level are therefore not provided.
  • the DE 43 23 014 describes an active broadband antenna in which the antenna impedance to be measured is transformed by means of a low-loss transformation network into the optimal source impedance of the subsequent electronic amplifier to achieve an optimal signal-to-noise ratio. To protect the subsequent receiving system against non-linear effects due to level overload is often necessary to lower the gain of the active antenna. In the DE 43 23 014 the exceeding of a predetermined reception level is detected by means of a rectifier circuit and lowered by means of a control amplifier, the gain of the active antenna.
  • Active antennas according to this prior art for example, mounted on a large scale above the high frequency range with antenna arrangements in a motor vehicle window, together with a heater for the window heating , such as in EP 0 396 033 .
  • EP 0 346 591 and in EP 0 269 723 described.
  • the structures of the heating fields used as passive antenna part 1 are not originally intended for use as an antenna vehicle parts, which are only slightly changed due to their function for heating.
  • an active antenna according to the prior art as in Fig. 2b realized, the existing impedance on the heating field by means of a primary matching circuit in the vicinity of the impedance Z opt for noise adaptation to transform and to smooth the frequency response of the active antenna by means of an output-side matching network.
  • This approach requires the relatively complicated dimensioning of two filter circuits, which can not be done separately for each filter for an advantageous overall behavior of the active antenna due to the mutual dependence of each other.
  • the amplifier circuit is not intended to provide sufficient linearity characteristics as a simple amplifying element as in Fig. 2b can be designed, whereby the creative freedom of the two matching networks is considerably narrowed.
  • the design of two filters associated with increased effort.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to design an active broadband receiving antenna according to claim 1 so that an effective means for reducing the gain of the active antenna is given when exceeding a predetermined reception level for protection against non-linear effects.
  • the advantages attainable with the invention consist in particular in the reduction of the economic outlay and in the simplicity to achieve an optimum in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and the risk of non-linear effects optimal received signal.
  • the achievable by the features of the main claim high linearity of the three-pole amplifying element 2 allow to make the reduction of the gain of the active antenna at the output of this element in conjunction with a simultaneously achieved increase in the linearizing negative feedback. Due to the omission of a primary matching network in conjunction with the input-side high impedance of the amplifier circuit results in a very advantageous freedom in the design of complex multi-antenna systems whose passive antenna parts are in radio coupling to each other.
  • Active broadband receiving antenna with an amplifier circuit 21 connected directly to the passive antenna part 1 with a three-pole amplifying element 2, with input admittance 7 of the transmission network 31 with adjustable transmission element 34 located in the source line, eg in the form of a series resistor implemented as an adjustable electronic element 32, a downstream low-loss filter circuit 3 and an effective resistor 5 and control amplifier 33 on the output side.
  • adjustable transmission element 34 located in the source line, eg in the form of a series resistor implemented as an adjustable electronic element 32, a downstream low-loss filter circuit 3 and an effective resistor 5 and control amplifier 33 on the output side.
  • Active broadband receiving antenna according to Fig. 1
  • an adjustable transmission member 34 having a plurality of series-connected resistors 35 each having a resistance 35 in parallel and designed as a switching diode 36 adjustable electronic element 34 for lowering the reception level in stages.
  • Active broadband receiving antenna as in the FIGS. 1 . 3 and 4 but with an adjustable longitudinal adjustable element 30 as a frequency-dependent dipole 47 with a similar to the input admittance 7 of the low-loss filter circuit 3, but substantially with a two-pole mean 46 smaller by a frequency-independent factor (t-1) than the matterssadmittanz 7 of the low-loss filter circuit 3 with a frequency-dependent two-terminal 47 connected in parallel switching diode 36th
  • Active broadband receiving antenna as in Fig. 2a with a plurality of low-loss filter circuits, which are controlled via switching diodes 36 alternatively between the input and the output of the transmission network 31 for alternative reduction of the internal gain of the active antenna.
  • Active broadband receiving antenna as in Fig. 6 but with a filter circuit 3 with fixed blind elements 20 and with dummy elements 20a, which are switched on and off by means of adjustable electronic elements 32 for lowering the internal gain.
  • Each of the transmission paths is assigned an adjustable transmission element 34, 34 'and a control amplifier 33, 33' frequency-selectively.
  • Group antenna for the design of directivity with a passive antenna array 27 with electrical radiation coupling between the connection points 18, which are each connected to an amplifier circuit 21 and a high-frequency line 10 and whose signals are combined in the antenna combiner 22.
  • Scanning diversity antenna system with an arrangement as in Fig. 13 but with electronic switches 25 in place of the antenna combiner 22 and each one spare load resistor 26 for loading the non-switched antenna branches.
  • Scanning diversity antenna system formed from printed on the window heating fields with diversity moderately positioned junction 18 to achieve diversity Independent received signals 8.
  • Active antenna according to the invention but with a transformer 24 with sufficiently high-impedance primary inductance and sufficiently large gear ratio for broadband increase of the effective length 1 e .
  • Fig. 1 an antenna according to the basic form of the invention is shown.
  • the heating field of a motor vehicle printed on a window pane shows that the passive antenna part 1 can not be shaped in such a way that it is suitable for use
  • antenna in the meter and Dezimeterwellen Scheme has particular desired properties and thus has a random frequency dependence of both the effective length I e and their impedance according to their geometric structure and the metallic border of the window.
  • the essence of the present invention is to realize an active antenna, which allows to absorb this randomness of the frequency dependence of the given passive antenna part 1 with the help of a low-cost, easy to detect and easy to implement active antenna and with respect to noise, linearity and Frequency response to make free and between the incident wave with the electric field strength E and the high-frequency received signal 8 to achieve a predetermined frequency response.
  • the receive voltage present at a connection point 18 is fed to the amplifier circuit 21, which contains at the input a three-pole amplifying element 2, preferably an element with the character of a field effect transistor 2, which is negative-feedback in its source line to the input admittance 7 of a low-loss filter circuit 3, which is completed at its output with an effective resistance 5.
  • the input admittance 7 for example, to be designed such that the strong frequency dependence, which is the receive idle voltage, expressed by the effective length l e of the thus designed passive antenna part 1 in the high-frequency received signal 8 is largely balanced.
  • an adjustable longitudinal element 30 is provided in the adjustable transmission element 34, which acts as a through-connection in the range of small reception levels. If the longitudinal element 30 is set to high impedance in the region of too high a reception level, it causes on the one hand the lowering of the high-frequency received signal 8 as well as an increase in the impedance acting countercurrently in the source line of the transistor or a reduction of the admittance 7 'present there.
  • the field effect transistor 2 is linearized by the measure and protects the continuative circuit from excessive reception levels.
  • the operation and the design principle of an antenna according to the invention are based on the electrical equivalent circuit diagrams of FIGS. 2a and 5 explains:
  • the suitability of a predefined passive antenna part 1 for the design of a sufficiently noise-sensitive active antenna can be estimated on the basis of the antenna temperature prevailing in the transmission frequency range.
  • Field effect transistors usually have an extremely small parallel noise current source i r so that their contribution i r * Z A at negligible small gate-source and gate-drain capacitances C 2 and C 1 and the occurring in practice antenna impedances Z A compared to the series noise voltage source u r of the field effect transistor, expressed by its equivalent noise resistance R f , is always negligibly small.
  • the sufficient sensitivity criterion for negligible capacitances C 1 , C 2 is therefore merely the requirement that is easy to test R A > R a ⁇ ⁇ F * T 0 / T A to fulfill.
  • Modern gallium arsenide transistors have negligible capacitances C 1 and C 2 in comparison with the other circuits and a negligible effect of i r as a cause for the noise temperature T N0, which is extremely small in the case of noise adaptation of such transistors.
  • the equivalent noise resistance depends on the quiescent current and can be set above 30 MHz broadband with 30 ohms and less.
  • an antenna for the FM frequency range and a prevailing antenna temperature of about 1000 K is thus in terms of noise sensitivity for the real part of the complex antenna impedance, which represents the radiation resistance at low-loss field effect transistor 2, within the transmission frequency range exclusively R A ( f)> about 10 ohms as sufficient condition to demand.
  • Fig. 5 the noise contribution of an amplifier unit 11 is considered at the end of the high-frequency line 10 connected to the low-loss filter circuit 3 on the output side. With sufficient gain in the amplifier circuit 21, this contribution is kept correspondingly small. To protect the downstream amplifier unit 11 against non-linear effects, it is often necessary to make this gain largely frequency-independent within the transmission frequency range. This is achieved by corresponding preferably lossless transformation of the effective effective resistance 5 at the output of the low-loss filter circuit 3 into a suitably frequency-dependent input admittance 7. Is the frequency dependence required due to the frequency dependency of the effective length l e (f) for the input admittance 7 As is known, a circuit of reactances for the low-loss filter circuit 3 can be found, which largely corresponds to this requirement.
  • the inventive criterion for the exemplary design of a necessary and frequency-independent reception power within the transmission frequency range for the terrestrial broadcasting reception of an active vehicle antenna with respect to the reception power in the downstream receiving arrangement on the basis of Figure 5 explained.
  • the largely frequency-independent reception behavior is to be demanded, on the one hand not to significantly reduce the sensitivity of the overall system by the noise contribution of the active antenna downstream receiving system and on the other hand to avoid non-linear effects due to gain peaks as a result of frequency-dependent reception behavior within a transmission frequency range.
  • G (f) denotes the frequency-dependent real part of the input admittance 7 of the low-loss filter circuit 3. This noise contribution is then insignificant with respect to the inevitable received sound of the rushing with T A R A, if: G f ⁇ ( F V - 1 ) ⁇ T 0 4 ⁇ T A ⁇ 1 R A f
  • the frequency dependence of the real part G (f) of the input admittance 7 of the low-loss filter circuit 3 is reciprocal to the frequency response of the real part R A (f) of the complex antenna impedance.
  • G (f) ⁇ 1 / (3 * R A (f)) would have to be chosen approximately.
  • G (f) in order to protect the receiver from excessive reception levels, it is desirable not to select the power amplification of the active antenna substantially greater than the optimum overall system sensitivity, and thus G (f) approximately as indicated in the right part of equation (3).
  • the great advantage associated with the invention is that the frequency response given for G (f) from R A (f) can therefore be easily fulfilled because neither the input impedance of the low-impedance filter circuit 3, which is given by 1 / g m of the field-effect transistor 2 is still the effective effective resistance 5 at the output of the low-loss filter circuit 3 unavoidable essential reactive components have.
  • the frequency-dependent radiator impedance Z S (f) exists forcibly and inseparably as source impedance of the primary-side transformation network. Their frequency behavior limits the achievable bandwidth of the impedance transformed into the vicinity of Z opt and thus the bandwidth of the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the active circuit.
  • the exemplary configuration of the frequency characteristic of G (f) of an active vehicle antenna according to the invention is described, if it is required that the received power P a at the input of the receiving system connected downstream of the active antenna is greater by a factor V than with a passive reference antenna , For example, a passive rod antenna on the vehicle at their resonance length. Due to the forcibly different directional diagrams, this factor is based on the azimuthal average values at a defined constant elevation angle ⁇ of the wave incidence.
  • the active antenna downstream receiving system which in Fig. 5 is represented by the amplifier unit 11, is usually based on the line impedance Z L of the high-frequency line system.
  • ⁇ is the case of a lossy passive antenna part 1 to the Efficiency in equation (8) of the directivity factor D ⁇ to replace at (f) by the D (f) *.
  • the remaining sizing rules are not changed.
  • FIGS. 18a and b are the real parts of in FIGS. 18a and b represented passive antenna parts 1 on the frequency of 76 to 108 MHz applied.
  • the frequency response of the real part of the invention to be designed input admittance 7 at the input of the low-loss filter circuit 3 is therefore inverted to those in Fig. 18d shown curves according to aspects as they were discussed in connection with the equations (3) and (8) to make.
  • equation (6) can be assigned to a maximum tolerable azimuthal mean value l em with a known azimuthal directivity factor D am (f) a maximum tolerable active component R Amax .
  • the value range with R A > R Amax that is not allowed for sizing is in the Figures 18c and 18d also marked hatched.
  • the radiation resistances R A of the impedance values of particularly favorable structures for use as a passive antenna part 1 are therefore outside the hatched value range with R Amin ⁇ R A ⁇ R Amax .
  • a predetermined antenna structure by using a low-loss transformer with the transmission ratio ü, as in Fig. 17 specified, added, which forms the passive antenna part 1 together with the antenna structure - eg a heating field on the window pane.
  • the broadband transmission ratio is advantageously selected such that the impedance measurable at the output of the transformer is placed with its real part in the value range with R Amin ⁇ R A ⁇ R Amax . It is advantageous here to make the primary inductance sufficiently high-impedance.
  • the linearity requirement is met by a sufficiently large negative feedback through the input admittance 7 located in the source line.
  • This requires a comparatively low negative feedback in the transmission range, which is dimensioned in accordance with the amplification requirement, for example, according to equation (8), but which is as large as possible outside the transmission range.
  • preferably T-half filters or T-filters or chain circuits of such filters are used to implement such low-loss filter circuits 3.
  • Such filters are shown in their basic structure in the figures. To correspond to a more complicated frequency response of the G (f), the individual elements be supplemented by other reactive elements.
  • Fig. 6 indicated to make the amplifier unit 11 as the active output stage of the amplifier circuit 21.
  • This can be provided with an output resistance equal to the characteristic impedance Z L of conventional coaxial cables.
  • the effective effective resistance 5 is formed by the input impedance of the amplifier unit 11.
  • G (f) is to be designed analogously to the above-mentioned embodiments with the aid of a low-loss filter circuit 3 completed with this impedance.
  • the voltage reduction after the first amplifying element of the active antenna is advantageous in particular because it allows an optimum effect with regard to the frequency dependence of the expected intermodulation interference.
  • the influence on the sensitivity of the entire receiving system is thus determined only by the influence of the increased voltage to the voltage reduction noise figure of the subsequent circuit.
  • a mean resistance value must therefore be selected for the reduction at high reception levels, which is too small for intermodulation received signals at frequencies with a large real part of the antenna impedances and too large at frequencies with a small real part of the antenna impedances. This involves the risk that intermodulation received signals at frequencies with a large real part of the antenna impedances due to the smaller negative feedback effect cause too much intermodulation and on the other hand, the remaining gain at frequencies with a small real part of the antenna impedance is too small and the arrangement is too insensitive at these frequencies.
  • adjustable transmission elements 34 which reduce the admittances set at small reception levels 7 independent of frequency by a suitable factor.
  • the internal gain of the active antenna is frequency-independently reduced by a desired factor and the above-mentioned frequency-dependent intermodulation effect does not occur.
  • this is achieved for example by a transformer arrangement as in Fig. 4 and in Fig. 6 reached.
  • FIG. 5 Another method for achieving a frequency-independent negative feedback is by the arrangement in Fig. 5 given.
  • the frequency-independent lowering of the high-frequency received signals 8 the adjustable longitudinal element 30 is designed as a frequency-dependent dipole 47.
  • This is similar to a dividedsadmittanz 7 of the low-loss filter circuit 3, but essentially with a frequency-independent factor t-1 smaller Zweipoladmittanz 46 than the matterssadmittanz 7 of the transmission network 31 at low receive levels.
  • the transmission network 31 with filter character in Fig. 8 designed as a low-loss filter circuit 3 with fixed blind elements 20.
  • switchable dummy elements 20a are used which are switched on and off with the aid of adjustable electronic elements 32 such that falls below a predetermined receive level, the desired frequency dependence of the greater conductance G (f) of effective at the source terminal 24 makessadmittanz 7 for higher internal gain of the active Antenna is given on the one hand.
  • the desired frequency dependence of the correspondingly reduced frequency conductance G '(f) is set with the same frequency dependence of the input admittance 7' for the lowered internal amplification of the active antenna.
  • the passive antenna part 1 is designed with a connection point 18, whose two terminals are up against the mass 0. Each of the two terminals is connected to a respective control terminal 15a or 15b of a three-pole amplifying element 2.
  • the source terminals 24a and 24b are connected to the primary side of a transformer 38 designed as an isolating transformer, the secondary side of which has different outputs for forming different transformation ratios t.
  • the adjustable transmission member 34 is thus formed from the transformer and the switching diodes 36.
  • the drain terminals 53a and 53b of the three-pole amplifying elements 2a and 2b are connected to the ground O, respectively.
  • the three-pole reinforcing element 2 as in Fig. 9a , designed as an extended three-pole reinforcing element.
  • the three-pole reinforcing element 2 is in Fig. 9b combined as an extended three-pole amplifying element of an input bipolar transistor 49 and another bipolar transistor 50 in emitter follower circuit.
  • the emitter terminal 12 of the bipolar transistor 50 forms the source terminal 24 of the three-pole amplifying element 2.
  • Fig. 9c is the three-pole amplifying element 2 designed as an extended three-pole amplifying element of an input bipolar transistor 49 and input field effect transistor 13, whose collector terminal or drain terminal to the source or. Emitter terminal of an additional transistor 51 is connected and whose base or gate terminal is connected to the emitter or source terminal of the input bipolar transistor 49 and input field effect transistor 13, respectively. Through this connection, the source terminal 24 of the three-pole amplifying element 2 is formed.
  • An extended three-pole amplifying element of this form prevents by voltage tracking at the drain or collector terminal of the input transistor, the disturbing influence of a voltage-dependent capacitance between the control electrode and the drain and collector electrode.
  • the three-pole amplifying element 2 is designed as an extended three-pole amplifying element, in which an electronically controllable quiescent current source I S0 or / and an electronically controllable rest voltage source U D0 is present.
  • the quiescent current I S0 or / and the quiescent voltage U D0 in the input bipolar transistor 49 or input field-effect transistor 13 are set increased when large reception levels occur in connection with the inventive lowering of the internal amplification of the active antenna.
  • a plurality of bipolar transistors 14, 14 ' for expanding the three-pole amplifying element 2 and for the combined formation of a plurality of three-pole amplifying elements 2, 2'.
  • the base electrodes are connected to the source of a common input transistor 13 and to the source of an extended three-pole amplifying element, respectively FIGS. 9a to 9d connected.
  • the bipolar transistors 14,14 ' are each connected in emitter follower circuit to the input of a low-loss filter circuit 3,3' to form separate transmission paths for the respective frequency bands.
  • each of the transmission paths are each an adjustable transmission element 34,34 'and a control amplifier 33,33', which is supplied via filter measures only the respective transmission path associated frequency band from the high-frequency received signal 8 respectively.
  • the control signal 42, 42 ' is in each case the associated adjustable transmission element 34,34' supplied.
  • the control signals 42, 42 ' by means of selection and control amplifier 33, 33' in Receiver 44 derived from the output signal of the active antenna and the active antenna via control lines 41 supplied.
  • the present active antenna is used repeatedly in an antenna system whose passive antenna parts 1 with frequency-dependent and with respect to incident waves by amount and or only in phase different directional diagrams of the effective lengths l e possess, however, in electromagnetic Radiation coupling to each other and together form a passive antenna array 27 with multiple connection points 18a, b, c.
  • each is connected in each case to an amplifier circuit 21 according to the invention and supplemented to form an active antenna according to the invention. Due to the high impedance of the amplifier inputs is given by the coupling of the high-frequency received signals 8 to the passive antenna parts 1 no significant mutual influence of the receiving voltages.
  • Such an antenna arrangement is generally in Fig. 13 shown.
  • the present at the output of the amplifier circuit 21 receive signals 8 are superimposed weighted for the design of a group antenna arrangement with predetermined receiving properties with respect to directivity and antenna gain without retroactivity to the voltage applied to the passive antenna parts 1 high-frequency reception signals in a Antennencombiner 22 present for this purpose.
  • a common control amplifier 33 the control signals 42a, b, c the transmission networks 31 a, b, c is fed into the active antennas for lowering the summed high-frequency received signal 8, perform the level monitoring.
  • the level monitoring and attenuation take place separately in each active antenna with the aid of a control amplifier 33 respectively accommodated there.
  • an antenna according to the invention as an active window pane antenna, it is advantageously possible to accommodate the amplifier circuit 21 invisible in the very narrow edge area of the vehicle window. Therefore, it is desirable to miniaturize the part to be attached to the connection point 18 and to attach only the parts of the amplifier circuit 21 which are functionally necessary there.
  • the other parts of the low-loss filter circuit 3 are placed remotely and turned on via the high-frequency line 10.
  • the active antenna is designed as a multi-region antenna for several frequency ranges.
  • Fig. 19a for the frequency ranges FM radio broadcasting and VHF and UHF television broadcasting the fundamental frequency characteristics of reactances X 1 , X 3 and the susceptibility B 2 of a T-filter arrangement of the in Fig. 19b specified low-loss filter circuit 3 exemplified.
  • the T-filter configuration in this case ensures the input-side high-impedance of the low-loss filter circuit 3 to achieve a sufficiently large negative feedback of the field effect transistor 2 in the stopband areas.
  • the low-loss filter circuit 3 is designed as a T-half filter or T-filter or as a chain circuit such filter whose or series branch or parallel branch is formed in each case from a combination of reactances such that both the absolute value of a reactance in the series branch 28 than Also, the absolute value of a susceptance in the parallel branch 29 each within a transmission frequency range sufficiently small and outside such is sufficiently large and the high-frequency received signal 8 is supplied to the control amplifier 33 at the output and from the control signal 42, the adjustable transmission element 34 is controlled.
  • another field effect transistor 2 having the same electrical properties is used in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention in addition to the field effect transistor 2.
  • the input terminals of the amplifier circuit 21 are formed by the two control terminals of the field effect transistors 15a and 15b, and the input of the low-loss filter circuit 3 is connected to the source terminals 19a and 19b.
  • a Umsymmetrierglied in the low-loss filter circuit 3 is used for the Umsymmetri réelle the high-frequency received signals 8.
  • Circuit can advantageously also be connected to a connection point 18 with two connections leading to ground voltage.
  • antenna diversity systems The efficiency of antenna diversity systems is determined by the number of available, mutually independent antenna signals. This independence is reflected in the correlation factor between the received voltages occurring in a Rayleigh wave field during travel.
  • Such systems, in which the connection points 18 are selected from this point of view and taking into account technical aspects of the vehicle, are exemplary in the FIGS. 15 and 16 shown.
  • connection points 18 Due to the electromagnetic radiation couplings existing between the connection points 18, this independence then applies only to the connection points 18 operated at idling.
  • the connection points 18 By wiring the connection points 18 with the amplifier circuits 21 according to the invention, the high-frequency received signals 8 are tapped at the antenna outputs due to their negligible capacitive input conductance.
  • the diversity of the independence of the received signals at the connection points 18 is thus not affected by this measure in an advantageous manner and this independence is therefore in the same way for the received signals 8 at the antenna outputs.
  • mutually independent receive signals 8 are available at the antenna outputs for selection in a scanning diversity system or for further processing in one of the other known diversity methods.
  • the foregoing considerations indicate that with the mutual interdependence of the open circuit voltages U10 and U20, specific values for Y1 and Y2 can be found which reduce or eliminate the interdependence in the amplifier input voltages U1 and U2 through the transformation described in Equation 15.
  • Active antennas according to the invention have the decisive advantage that the definition of such suitable reactive elements can be made largely independent of sensitivity considerations.
  • a separate control amplifier 33 for monitoring the high-frequency received signal 8 at the relevant antenna output is assigned to the amplifier circuits 21 of the active antennas.

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  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP03019899A 2002-10-01 2003-09-02 Aktive Breitband-Empfangsantenne mit Empfangspegel-Regelung Expired - Lifetime EP1406349B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10245813 2002-10-01
DE10245813A DE10245813A1 (de) 2002-10-01 2002-10-01 Aktive Breitbandempfangsantenne mit Empfangspegelregelung

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EP1406349A2 EP1406349A2 (de) 2004-04-07
EP1406349A3 EP1406349A3 (de) 2006-03-29
EP1406349B1 true EP1406349B1 (de) 2008-05-28

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US (1) US6888508B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1406349B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR100596126B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100440619C (zh)
AT (1) ATE397304T1 (zh)
DE (2) DE10245813A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

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CN115864000A (zh) * 2023-03-02 2023-03-28 武汉大学 一种千倍频程单极低频电小低噪高灵敏度有源天线

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10245813A1 (de) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-15 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Aktive Breitbandempfangsantenne mit Empfangspegelregelung
DE102004038551A1 (de) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-23 Atmel Germany Gmbh Antennenverstärker
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US20040113854A1 (en) 2004-06-17
CN1505206A (zh) 2004-06-16
DE10245813A1 (de) 2004-04-15
EP1406349A3 (de) 2006-03-29
DE50309908D1 (de) 2008-07-10
ATE397304T1 (de) 2008-06-15
KR20040030365A (ko) 2004-04-09
US6888508B2 (en) 2005-05-03
KR100596126B1 (ko) 2006-07-05
CN100440619C (zh) 2008-12-03

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