EP1399651A2 - Filtre a particules diesel contenant un catalyseur a particules diesel finement disperse - Google Patents

Filtre a particules diesel contenant un catalyseur a particules diesel finement disperse

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Publication number
EP1399651A2
EP1399651A2 EP02747415A EP02747415A EP1399651A2 EP 1399651 A2 EP1399651 A2 EP 1399651A2 EP 02747415 A EP02747415 A EP 02747415A EP 02747415 A EP02747415 A EP 02747415A EP 1399651 A2 EP1399651 A2 EP 1399651A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyst
soot
filter
filter according
soot filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02747415A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen DORNSEIFFER
Helmut Hackfort
Edgar HÜNNEKES
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DORNSEIFFER, JUERGEN
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Dornseiffer Juergen
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornseiffer Juergen, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH filed Critical Dornseiffer Juergen
Publication of EP1399651A2 publication Critical patent/EP1399651A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
    • B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
    • B01J35/59—Membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/038—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form slurries or suspensions, e.g. a washcoat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0224—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being granular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/38—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ozone (O3) generator, e.g. for adding ozone after generation of ozone from air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/065—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction for reducing soot ignition temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soot filter with a soot catalyst, a manufacturing process for the soot filter and its use.
  • Known soot filters include catalysts with the aid of which a
  • Such catalysts are referred to as diesel soot catalysts. Soot particles from exhaust gases from diesel engines settle on or in a filter consisting of an open-pored body as a • particle filter. A catalyst is applied here. With the help of the catalyst, the soot particles are oxidized, for example.
  • soot filters which, depending on the design, remove up to 95% by weight of the soot.
  • so-called wall flow filters with a honeycomb structure are widely used, the flow channels of which are mutually closed, so that the exhaust gas has to flow through the porous filter walls.
  • soot filter With increasing soot filter but what of and equally leads to an increasing increase 'flow resistance for the reduction of engine power interlock. In order to counteract this blocking, the filters must be freed of soot continuously or cyclically.
  • the regeneration methods currently used for particle filters are based on thermal combustion, catalytic processes or a combination of both methods.
  • PSA describes Feli Citroen a process in which an organic cerium compound is continuously mixed into the fuel. This measure causes a corresponding metal oxide enrichment of the soot, which is removed from the exhaust gas on a particle filter. The regeneration is carried out cyclically by briefly increasing the exhaust gas temperature to above
  • EP 341832 B1 and EP 1055805 A1 describe devices which consist of an oxidation catalyst for converting nitrogen oxide NO into nitrogen dioxide N0 2 by means of residual oxygen in the exhaust gas and .. a downstream particle filter.
  • the soot is burned off continuously below 400 ° C. if there is a sufficient nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust gas.
  • the combustion of the soot is supported by a suitable catalytic coating of the filter surface, as can be found in the publications EP 0341832 A1 or WO 01/12320 A1 or from EP 0758713.
  • a suitable catalytic coating of the filter surface as can be found in the publications EP 0341832 A1 or WO 01/12320 A1 or from EP 0758713.
  • the process is a so-called self-cleaning or self-regenerating particle filter, which only oxidises the surface-bound soot by means of a catalyst coating on the filter.
  • a soot oxidation catalyst based on mixed oxides consisting of the metal oxides of copper, iron and vanadium, which leads to the cleaning of the filter-bound soot from an exhaust gas temperature of 380 ° C.
  • the publication US also discloses a self-cleaning diesel particle filter 5100632, in which a platinum / rhodium coating on the filter surface combined with an alkaline earth oxide reduces the ignition temperature of the soot to 355 ° C.
  • exhaust gas temperatures greater than 355 ° C. are required in all known regeneration processes to keep a soot particle filter free.
  • these methods are only of limited suitability for practical use in vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of less than 2.5 tons.
  • all measures with external energy input into the exhaust system generally lower the
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a filter which can be regenerated at comparatively lower exhaust gas temperatures.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the device.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a device with the features of the main claim and the secondary claim.
  • Advantageous configurations result from the back-referenced
  • the object is achieved by a soot filter which comprises an open-pore body as a particle filter and a finely dispersed catalyst.
  • a finely dispersed distribution in the sense of the invention is when soot particles do not settle between two catalytically active centers can.
  • the finely dispersed distribution on the surface of the body therefore causes intensive contact between the soot particles deposited there and the catalyst.
  • the catalyst also exerts its effect with the residual oxygen in the exhaust gas.
  • the invention is based on the observation that the
  • soot primary structure the diameter of the smallest deposited soot particle unit
  • soot primary structure in the exhaust gas is currently between 20 and 30 nm, a correspondingly finely dispersed catalyst coating would be desirable.
  • the distance between two catalytically active centers is then generally not more than 20 nm in order to be able to completely remove the soot particles reaching the body by catalysis.
  • Pd, Rh, Re or Ru or transition metal oxides such as, for example, V2O5, CeO2, La2O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO and mixtures or mixed oxides composed of and with these compounds, in principle all known types of catalysts which oxidize soot.
  • catalysts which consist at least partly of noble metal oxides, in particular rhodium oxide Rh 2 Oa or of oxides of yttrium and manganese or mixed oxides and with these compounds in particular yttrium manganite YM ⁇ Os.
  • noble metal oxides in particular rhodium oxide Rh 2 Oa or of oxides of yttrium and manganese or mixed oxides
  • these compounds showed the highest soot oxidation capacity with finely dispersed distribution, even with the residual oxygen content of the exhaust gas, which already started below a temperature of 150 ° C.
  • these catalysts showed very little activity when tested for the oxidizing ability of hydrocarbons.
  • Diesel soot catalyst is preferably installed behind a nitrogen monoxide oxidation catalyst to generate nitrogen dioxide in the exhaust system.
  • a nitrogen monoxide oxidation catalyst to generate nitrogen dioxide in the exhaust system.
  • all open-porous bodies and fillings made of ceramic and metallic material or combinations of both come into consideration for the device according to the invention, which as filters have a high separating capacity for soot particles over the entire
  • a so-called depth filter is advantageously used, which can achieve a higher level of soot particles than surface filters
  • a continuous clearance of the filter body can be achieved by using depth filters.
  • a so-called depth filter is advantageously used, which is compared to
  • Preference is based on the different design of the pore structure in both filter types.
  • the open pore system is designed in such a way that even the larger soot particles can be separated deep in the filter body and the filter effect is thus developed over the total volume or the total surface of the filter.
  • the filter is preferably combined with an electrical heater.
  • the electric heater known from the document DE 197 182 39 A1 is used to switch in an emergency or in the case of an unfavorable one
  • the combination of a depth filter with a downstream surface filter, each of which is finely dispersed coated with catalyst material can be a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • This measure makes it possible, depending on the set open porosity of the individual filter modules, for a targeted fractional separation of the particles, which, with a favorable design, can increase the
  • a filter surface is to be aimed at, the properties of which enable a high area-specific occupancy of the catalytically active centers and maintains them as long as possible, that is to say as long as possible.
  • Nanoporous support structures with pore diameters smaller than 20 nm are unsuitable because, due to the size distribution of the soot particles (d p > 20 nm) in the exhaust gas, these particles cannot penetrate into the pore system. Any catalyst located there would therefore not contribute to the oxidation of soot particles.
  • a carrier surface of the filter body according to the invention is oriented only at the boundary layer between the gas space and carrier material that is accessible to the soot particles. This so-called separation surface does not differ significantly from the actually available geometric interface of the particle filter to the gas space.
  • the measures which contribute to maximizing the specific interface bearing the catalyst are advantageous. Such measures include the optimization of the surface roughness or the generation of near-surface open um pores.
  • Precious metal salts together with suitable ceramic powders, are applied in the form of a suspension to the carrier surfaces.
  • the now activated catalyst is distributed over the entire layer thickness obtained and is therefore at least partially inaccessible to the soot particles.
  • a strong concentration of compounds which form the catalyst would therefore be in the
  • Coating suspension necessary. For reasons of coating technology and when using noble metals as a catalytically active component, however, such a measure is only practicable to a limited extent.
  • a method is therefore preferred in which catalyst particles are applied directly to the surface of a particle filter. These are in particular preformed and / or nanoscale, that is to say with diameters of less than 100 nm.
  • the application is therefore preferably carried out, for example, by using — in particular nanodisperse — catalyst-colloid coating solutions, for example using the sol-gel technique or by synthesis using micro or mini emulsions.
  • — in particular nanodisperse — catalyst-colloid coating solutions for example using the sol-gel technique or by synthesis using micro or mini emulsions.
  • it is advantageous to provide the particles and the filter interfaces with an opposite electrical charge. All surface-active ionic compounds (such as, for example
  • Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride or polyacrylic acid which can be applied to the respective surface with sufficient adhesion and which can be removed from the interface with as little residue as possible by calcining.
  • the particularly reactive ozone is preferred.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first simple exemplary embodiment of the finely dispersed diesel soot catalyst according to the invention.
  • the device consists of a housing I, which is located in an exhaust pipe.
  • a finely dispersed coated wall flow depth filter 2 In the housing 1 is a finely dispersed coated wall flow depth filter 2.
  • Depth filter 2 designed according to document DE 19718239 A1, so that in the event of unfavorable operating conditions of the engine or in an emergency, electrical energy can be supplied to the device according to the invention by a simple temperature or pressure-controlled electrical contact 3 in order to bring the catalytic converter to the effective temperature.
  • both a wall flow 7 depth filter 2 and a wall flow surface filter 4 are located within the housing 1, which are arranged one behind the other and each have been finely coated with catalyst material.
  • the open porosities of both filter types are designed in such a way that, based on the direction of flow in the upstream depth filter, only the soot particles larger than 100 nm are preferably separated, while in the downstream surface filter mainly the small soot particles below 100 nm are removed from the exhaust gas.
  • both the overall filter efficiency can be set variably, and the formation of a pressure loss-increasing filter cake by separating the large soot particles in the inner pore system of the upstream depth filter can be prevented during particle-rich operating phases of the diesel engine.
  • Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment in which the already from Figure
  • I known device is arranged behind an oxidation catalyst 5 for converting nitrogen monoxide into nitrogen dioxide.
  • a filter body is briefly immersed in a low-viscosity colloidal coating solution in which the catalyst is already in the form of nanoparticles. After drying in a drying cabinet at approx. 120
  • the coated body is calcined between 500 and 1200 ° C.
  • coating dispersions are prepared, for example, by hydrolysis of alcohol oilates of suitable transition metals or corresponding stoichiometric mixtures the sol-gel te ' cbnik.
  • a synthesis with the aid of mini or micro emulsions is preferred, in which a monodisperse particle fraction is obtained which can be varied between 3 and 1000 nm depending on the process parameters.
  • To achieve the required finely dispersed catalyst distribution is adjustable depending on the
  • Particle concentration in the colloidal coating solution may also require a multiple coating.
  • both the filter surface and the catalyst particles are provided with a different electrical charge in order to improve the finely dispersed distribution of the catalyst on the filter surface before the coating. This is done, for example, by impregnating the filter body with polyacrylic acid by immersing it in an appropriate alcoholic or aqueous solution (and, if appropriate, drying in a drying cabinet at 80 ° C.), or by adding additives
  • Coating dispersion Polydiallydimethylammoniumchlorid example hen with another ionic polymer around the dispersed Kataiysatorpelle having an opposite electric charge to be sent '.
  • the filter body is immersed in the coating solution until the concentration of the dispersed Kataiysatorpiety no longer decreases.
  • the coated filter body is calcined between 500 and 1200 ° C., depending on the type of catalyst, in order to fix the catalyst particles on the filter surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'oxydation (notamment continue) de particules de suies provenant des gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel. Le dispositif selon l'invention est constitué d'un corps à pores ouverts servant de filtre à particules, dont la surface porte un catalyseur d'oxydation finement dispersé. Ledit dispositif est caractérisé en ce que le catalyseur provoque une oxydation des particules de suies liées au filtre avec l'oxygène résiduel des gaz d'échappement dès une température de gaz d'échappement de 150 DEG C, et permet ainsi de garder le corps de filtre dégagé en continu dans presque toutes les conditions d'utilisation du moteur.
EP02747415A 2001-06-26 2002-06-20 Filtre a particules diesel contenant un catalyseur a particules diesel finement disperse Withdrawn EP1399651A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10130338A DE10130338A1 (de) 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Dieselrussfilter mit einem feindispers verteiltem Dieselrusskatalysator
DE10130338 2001-06-26
PCT/EP2002/006831 WO2003002853A2 (fr) 2001-06-26 2002-06-20 Filtre a particules diesel contenant un catalyseur a particules diesel finement disperse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1399651A2 true EP1399651A2 (fr) 2004-03-24

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EP02747415A Withdrawn EP1399651A2 (fr) 2001-06-26 2002-06-20 Filtre a particules diesel contenant un catalyseur a particules diesel finement disperse

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US (1) US7666376B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1399651A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP4274937B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2451771C (fr)
DE (1) DE10130338A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003002853A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200309691B (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003002853A2 (fr) 2003-01-09
DE10130338A1 (de) 2003-04-24
US20040235658A1 (en) 2004-11-25
CA2451771C (fr) 2010-04-27
ZA200309691B (en) 2004-09-17
JP2004530837A (ja) 2004-10-07
WO2003002853A3 (fr) 2003-04-03
CA2451771A1 (fr) 2003-01-09
US7666376B2 (en) 2010-02-23
JP4274937B2 (ja) 2009-06-10

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