EP1393009A1 - Vorrichtung zur verdampfung eines fluids, insbesondere eines nebel- oder löschfluids - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur verdampfung eines fluids, insbesondere eines nebel- oder löschfluidsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1393009A1 EP1393009A1 EP02748560A EP02748560A EP1393009A1 EP 1393009 A1 EP1393009 A1 EP 1393009A1 EP 02748560 A EP02748560 A EP 02748560A EP 02748560 A EP02748560 A EP 02748560A EP 1393009 A1 EP1393009 A1 EP 1393009A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- fluid
- wall
- evaporator
- channel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
- F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for evaporating a fluid, in particular a mist or extinguishing fluid, with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Devices for evaporating a fluid can, for example, for the purpose of
- Nebulization of a room for example the interior of a motor vehicle.
- a device can serve as an anti-theft device, whereby the fog generated when trying to gain unauthorized access to the vehicle or to move the vehicle unauthorized hinders the unauthorized person in his actions or clearly recognizable signs for an unauthorized person from the outside
- a device for evaporation of a fluid can also be used for fire extinguishing purposes. For both uses, it is necessary that the evaporation device deliver a sufficient amount of steam in a relatively short time. It is also in many
- a fog cartridge in which a radiator housing filled with a thermite mixture is inserted into the housing of the fog cartridge.
- the radiator housing has ribs on its outer circumference in order to enable the best possible heat transfer from the radiator housing to the fluid to be evaporated, which is provided in the essentially annular space between the inner wall of the cartridge housing and the outer wall of the radiator housing.
- EP 0878 242 A 2 describes similar devices for evaporating and / or atomizing a liquid.
- FIGS. 8-10 an embodiment is shown in which one or more grooves are provided in the outer wall of a radiator housing filled with a thermite mixture, which form one or more evaporator channels due to the abutment of the inner wall of an annular heat sink.
- These evaporator channels serve for the further drying of the evaporated fluid, which is supplied to the evaporator channels from an annular space surrounding the heat sink, in which the generation of a wet steam takes place. Feeding the wet steam into the
- Evaporation channels take place via a throttle, which is formed by a bore with a smaller diameter. This limits the mass flow at the entrance to an evaporator channel. This is necessary in order to avoid a compression shock, which would occur due to the constant cross-section of the evaporator channel over its length as a result of the further heating and thus volume expansion of the steam to be dried, if the evaporator channel has the steam to be dried or the fluid to be evaporated through its fully open Cross section would be supplied.
- the object of the invention is to create a device for evaporating a fluid, in particular a fog fluid, which has a small size and at the same time enables the generation of steam with a large mass flow.
- the invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that an evaporator channel which has a cross section widening from the feed opening in the direction of the outlet opening achieves a substantially improved utilization of the evaporator cross section compared to evaporator channels with a constant cross section. In this way, the larger space requirement of the hotter steam becomes hotter
- the evaporator channel can have a plurality of regions, each with a constant cross section, the cross section of the regions increasing in the direction of the outlet opening. Such an embodiment does not ensure optimal utilization of the channel cross-section, but in this case the evaporator body is manufactured very simply.
- the evaporator channel has one or more areas, each with a continuously increasing cross section. This results in a further improved utilization of the channel cross-section or the surface of the evaporation channel in relation to the heat transfer to the fluid to be evaporated or the wet steam to be dried or more completely evaporated compared to the previously described embodiment.
- the evaporator body comprises a first element, in the inner or outer wall of which at least one groove-shaped recess is provided to form the at least one evaporator channel.
- the first element can be designed as a hollow element, preferably as a hollow cylinder.
- a second element which has a wall which interacts with the inner wall or with the outer wall of the first element in the sense of sealing the at least one groove-shaped recess, at least one evaporator channel of a predetermined length is formed.
- Recesses can be provided which form an evaporator channel with a correspondingly enlarged cross section with the recesses in the corresponding wall of the first element. Accordingly, a groove-shaped recess forming an evaporator channel can also be provided only in the relevant wall of the second element.
- the respective interacting walls of the first and second elements can enclose a predetermined small angle with the longitudinal axis, preferably in the range of 0.1 ° to 5 °, so that when the two elements are pushed into one another, even at relatively small axial angles Forces result in high radial forces, which seal the channel, and good heat transfer is reliably achieved without soldering or welding the elements.
- a heat-generating and / or heat-storing device is provided immediately adjacent to the inner or outer wall of the evaporator body, with a good heat-conducting transition from the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device to the evaporator body being formed.
- the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device can be designed as a pyrotechnic heating device which comprises a pyrotechnic heating mixture or a thermite mixture. In this way, a controllable activatable device for evaporating the fluid can be implemented with little effort, which device generates a large amount of steam in a short time.
- the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device can comprise a heat-storing medium, for example a saline solution, an oil or a, for example metallic, heat-storage medium which is solid at room temperature and can be liquefied by the supply of energy.
- the heat storage medium can be supplied with heat energy by an external device. If a metallic heat storage medium is selected as the medium, For example aluminum, brass or a solder, a holding temperature can be achieved at the desired evaporation temperature by using a suitable alloy.
- the evaporator body and the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device can be designed as an integrated cartridge, the evaporator body being simultaneously designed as a container for receiving the heat-generating and / or heat-storing medium. This results in a simple and inexpensive manufacture of the device.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for vaporizing a
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention for evaporating a fluid as an integrated cartridge
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a tubular element
- Evaporator body with a continuously expanding evaporator channel Evaporator body with a continuously expanding evaporator channel.
- the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 for evaporating a fluid 3 comprises a housing 5 which consists of a hollow, for example hollow cylindrical wall part 7, a bottom part 9 and a cover part 11.
- the wall part 7 can, as in Figure 1, consist of an inner part 7a, for example made of stainless steel, and an associated outer part 7b, for example made of a temporarily temperature-stable plastic.
- the wall part 7 can be glued and / or pressed to the base part 9, which can also be made of plastic.
- the base part 9 can have an annular elevation 9a.
- a screw connection can also be provided (if necessary additionally), which is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1.
- the cover part 11 can be connected to the wall part 7 in the same way as the bottom part 9.
- the cover part 11 can be designed essentially like the base part 9 and have a circumferential annular elevation 11a.
- a further sealing element 15, for example in the form of an O-ring, can be provided for sealing between the outer wall of the annular elevation 11a and the inner wall of the wall part 7.
- Bottom part 9 or the wall part 7 and the cover part 11 can be formed in one piece.
- a heating cartridge 17 is provided in the interior of the housing 5 and has a first, preferably essentially hollow cylindrical element 19, which has a groove-shaped one in its inner wall and one in its outer wall
- the first element 19 consists of a good heat-conducting, sufficiently temperature-stable material, for example aluminum.
- a second element 25 is provided, which can be designed, for example, as an aluminum tube.
- the inner diameter of the aluminum tube 25 is selected so that it essentially corresponds to the outer diameter of the first element 19 and there is a sufficient sealing effect between the two parts. In this way, a sealed evaporator channel 27 is created.
- a third cup-shaped element 29 is provided within the first element 19 .
- a sealing of the groove-shaped recess 21 is achieved, so that a further evaporator channel 31 is thereby formed.
- the outer wall of the third cup-shaped part 29 can have a diameter that decreases upwards in FIG. 1.
- the outer wall of the third element 29 corresponds to the shape of an upwardly tapering conical section.
- the inner wall of the first element 19 is formed such that the inner diameter, as shown in FIG. 1, increases downwards.
- the tangents to the inner wall of the first element 19 or to the outer wall of the third element 29, which have no radial component, thus form a relatively small angle with the axis A of the heating cartridge 17 or the device 1, which is preferably in the range of 0.1 ° to 5 °. In this way it can be achieved that when the third, cup-shaped element 29 is inserted into the first element 19, high radial-acting sealing forces are generated between the mutually facing surfaces even when a small axial insertion force is generated.
- the second element 25 can be connected in the same way to the first element.
- the connection of these two elements can also be done by gluing, shrinking, soldering, welding or the like in the context of a firm, non-detachable connection.
- the third element 29 is releasably connectable to the first element 19. If the third element 29 serves, as shown in FIG. 1, for receiving a pyrotechnic material or a thermite mixture 33, the third element 29 can be exchanged simply and inexpensively for a new application after the thermal energy-generating material 33 has been activated once.
- the heating cartridge 17 is fixed in the housing 5 in that the heating cartridge is held with its lower end in the annular elevation 9a of the base part 9. In its upper region, the heating cartridge 17 is fixed in the same way by the cover part 11, the upper region of the second element 25 and the third element 29 being held in corresponding recesses or their inner walls in the cover part 11.
- sealing elements 35, 37, 39 can be located between the inner wall of the annular elevation 9a or the annular elevation 11a and the outer wall of the second element 25 and between the inner wall of a receiving recess for the third element 29 in the cover part 11 and the outer wall of the third element 29 may be provided.
- Another annular disk-shaped sealing element 41 can be provided between the upper end faces of the first element 19 and the second element 25 and the end inner wall of the cover part 11. Via this sealing element 41, the front inner wall of the cover part 11 acts on the first and second
- the receiving recess for the upper region of the third element 29 in the cover part 11 is designed in such a way that the upper end wall of the third is acted upon
- Elements 29 only take place if the first element 19 has been pushed onto the third element 29 to such an extent that sufficiently high radial sealing forces have arisen.
- Such a tensioning of the first element 19 and the third element 29 can of course also be achieved if the third element 29, viewed in the axial direction, is conically reversed.
- the first element 19 can sit on the base part 9 and the third element 29 can be pressed into the first element 19 by means of the cover part 11.
- the cover part 11 there is also an electrode passage element 43, via which electrodes, not shown, are guided into the interior of the third element 29, the electrodes projecting so far into the area filled with the pyrotechnic or thermite mixture 33 that an activation or a Ignition of the material is guaranteed.
- the electrodes can protrude into the material 33
- Heating or glow wire connected so that when the current flows through the electrodes, the heating wire is heated until it glows and the pyrotechnic or thermite mixture 33 ignites.
- the heating or glow wire there can also be an element that generates a plasma when current flows. This is suitable e.g. for igniting a thermite mixture.
- the interior of the third element 29 is generally not completely filled with the material 33.
- the partial area of the interior filled with material is delimited by a pane element 45.
- the element 45 can be fixed to the inner wall of the third element 29, for example, by being pressed in, glued in or snapped into place.
- the disc element is preferably made of steel or copper.
- the lower end face of the third element 29 is designed such that the region adjacent to the axis A projects beyond the lateral regions (downwards in FIG. 1).
- an annular space 47 remains free, which creates a connection between the evaporator channels 27 and 31.
- the groove-shaped recesses 27 and 31 are designed such that corresponding openings open into the annular space 47 on the lower end face of the first element 19 or both recesses simply run out at the lower end of the element 19.
- Fluid 53 or a correspondingly wet vapor or a mixture thereof, into the evaporator channel 27 via the feed opening 49.
- the fluid is further heated or evaporated further.
- the fluid / steam mixture or a still relatively wet steam enters the lower opening of the
- a sealing or thermal insulation material 55 for example in the form of a sealing washer, can of course be provided between the bottom end wall of the third element 29 and the surface of the bottom part 9 facing it.
- Both the evaporator channel 27 between the feed opening 49 and the bottom outlet opening has a constant channel cross section
- the evaporator channel 31 is designed such that its channel cross section in the direction of its bottom side
- Feed opening to the outlet opening which is connected to an outlet opening 57 in the cover part 11, has a continuously widening cross section. This ensures that with an increasingly complete evaporation state of the fluid 53, its increased volume requirement is taken into account. A shock of compression, which almost "clogs" the
- the channel cross-section is preferably selected such that the channel cross-section in a differential length element is selected at each point of the channel 31 (seen over its length) such that the differential volume is adapted to the volume of the vaporized fluid contained therein at the respective temperature and the respective pressure is.
- the evaporator channel 27 could also be designed with a widening cross section.
- the formation of an evaporation channel on both the inner wall and outer wall of the first element 19 results in the advantage of a sufficiently long evaporation channel (with a correspondingly large surface area for heat transfer) with a low overall height.
- the feed opening 49 can be selected in a range which is above the liquid level if the annular space is incompletely filled with the fluid 53 to be evaporated. This applies at least when the device 1 is used in the upright position shown in FIG. 1. The direct entry of non-evaporated fluid 53 into the evaporator channel 27 is thus avoided.
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a device for evaporating a
- the device 100 shown in FIG. 2 has a housing 102 which comprises a wall part 104, a cup-shaped part 106 engaging therein and a cover part 108.
- the pot-shaped part 106 has a helical groove-shaped recess 110 in its outer wall, which is divided along its course into two areas with different cross-sections.
- the outer wall of the pot-shaped part 106 in turn cooperates in a sealing manner with the inner wall of a wall part 104 pushed thereon, so that a denser one designed in accordance with the course of the groove-shaped recess 110 Evaporator channel 112 is formed.
- a radially extending supply opening 114 is formed, which is connected to the evaporator channel 112 or its first section with a smaller cross section.
- the evaporator channel 112 opens into an annular space 116, which is connected to a plurality of outlet openings 118, which in the
- Cover part 108 are formed.
- the cover part 108 is sealingly connected to the wall part 104 and the cup-shaped part 106.
- sealing elements 120, 122 between an outer wall of the cover part 108 and the inner wall of the wall part 104 or an outer wall of an engaging in the cup-shaped part 106 area of the wall part 104 and the inner wall of the cup-shaped
- Part 106 may be provided.
- the wall part 104 can be sealingly connected to the cup-shaped part 106 in its lower region by means of a further sealing element 124, which is provided between the inner wall of the wall part 104 and the outer wall of the cup-shaped part 106.
- a part of the wall part 104 can be sealingly connected to the cup-shaped part 106 in its lower region by means of a further sealing element 124, which is provided between the inner wall of the wall part 104 and the outer wall of the cup-shaped part 106.
- an activatable, heat-generating material 35 for example a pyrotechnic or thermite mixture.
- an activatable, heat-generating material 35 for example a pyrotechnic or thermite mixture.
- two electrodes 128 are guided through the cover part 108 and connected to an activation device 130 for activating the heat energy generating material 35.
- the activation device 130 can be a heating wire.
- the device 100 shown in FIG. 2 can of course also be used as a heating cartridge in a device similar to the device 1 in FIG. 1.
- the feed opening 114 could be blocked accordingly, so that the fluid to be evaporated only enters the evaporator channel 112 when a predetermined pressure is exceeded after the closure element has burst.
- the fluid to be evaporated can be supplied to the supply opening 114 in any other manner, for example from an external storage container, with a corresponding pressure.
- the inner wall of the third element 29 of the embodiment in FIG. 1 can also be provided with a structure 132 shown in FIG. 2, which increases the surface of the element in question to improve the heat transfer.
- the structure 132 can have ribs in the inner wall of the element 29 or 106 in question.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the cup-shaped element 106, the two regions of the annular groove 110, each having a different cross section and defining the evaporator channel 112, being more clearly recognizable.
- the lower region shown in FIG. 3 starts from an annular recess 134 which, as shown in FIG. 2, is connected to a radial feed opening 114.
- the connection of the first region of the groove-shaped recess 110 with a smaller cross-section to the second region with a larger cross-section again takes place via an annular region 136.
- the annular areas 134 and 136 are essentially provided to facilitate the manufacturing process.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a cup-shaped element 106, the annular recess 110, however, with a continuously increasing one
- Cross section is formed. From a physical point of view, this variant is of course the better choice, since the opening cross section of the evaporation channel that is created can be adapted to the relevant differential volume of the steam at any point of its (coiled) length.
- a purely heat-storing material can also be used (or a combination of both options) can be used.
- a heating device could be provided inside or externally, which introduces thermal energy into the heat-storing material.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10126273A DE10126273A1 (de) | 2001-05-29 | 2001-05-29 | Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung eines Fluids, insbesondere eines Nebel- oder Löschfluids |
DE10126273 | 2001-05-29 | ||
PCT/DE2002/001992 WO2002097358A1 (de) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | Vorrichtung zur verdampfung eines fluids, insbesondere eines nebel- oder löschfluids |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1393009A1 true EP1393009A1 (de) | 2004-03-03 |
EP1393009B1 EP1393009B1 (de) | 2006-03-01 |
Family
ID=7686607
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02748560A Expired - Lifetime EP1393009B1 (de) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | Vorrichtung zur verdampfung eines fluids, insbesondere eines nebel- oder löschfluids |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050011651A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1393009B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE319068T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10126273A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002097358A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7946228B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2011-05-24 | Wendy Gainsborough, legal representative | Self contained non toxic obscurant grenade and self-contained aerosol dispersing grenade |
US20220232893A1 (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2022-07-28 | Canopy Growth Corporation | Convection and conduction vaporizer and method for operating the same |
CN115620994B (zh) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-12-08 | 江苏亨特集团华特电气有限公司 | 一种防盗型变压器 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1373809A (en) * | 1917-07-11 | 1921-04-05 | Jr William S Hadaway | Vapor electric heater |
US2117337A (en) * | 1934-11-03 | 1938-05-17 | Lobl Karel | Evaporator |
CH282278A (de) * | 1949-10-21 | 1952-04-30 | Doresa Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erzeugung künstlichen Nebels. |
GB788193A (en) * | 1954-09-04 | 1957-12-23 | Separator Ab | Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers |
GB859876A (en) * | 1956-03-21 | 1961-01-25 | Apv Co Ltd | Improvements in evaporators |
US3584194A (en) * | 1969-05-23 | 1971-06-08 | Aro Corp | Fluid heating techniques |
US4199675A (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1980-04-22 | Nordson Corporation | Electric fluid heater |
US4297563A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1981-10-27 | Berry Clyde F | Electric steam generating unit |
SE424143B (sv) * | 1980-12-08 | 1982-07-05 | Alfa Laval Ab | Plattindunstare |
SE426653B (sv) * | 1980-12-08 | 1983-02-07 | Alfa Laval Ab | Plattindunstare |
US4480172A (en) * | 1982-06-17 | 1984-10-30 | Henry Ciciliot | Electric heat exchanger for simultaneously vaporizing two different fluids |
US4871115A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-10-03 | Hessey B Russell | Smoke generating apparatus |
GB9119693D0 (en) * | 1991-09-14 | 1991-10-30 | Black & Decker Inc | Steam generator |
DE19720428A1 (de) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-11-19 | Peter Dr Ing Lell | Nebelkartusche |
DE19642574C2 (de) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-10-24 | Peter Lell | Nebelkartusche |
DE19734232A1 (de) * | 1996-10-15 | 1999-02-18 | Peter Dr Ing Lell | Nebelkartusche |
TW565626B (en) * | 1996-11-20 | 2003-12-11 | Ebara Corp | Liquid feed vaporization system and gas injection device |
ATE278476T1 (de) * | 1997-05-15 | 2004-10-15 | Peter Dr Lell | Vorrichtung zum verdampfen und/oder vernebeln einer flüssigkeit |
-
2001
- 2001-05-29 DE DE10126273A patent/DE10126273A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-05-29 EP EP02748560A patent/EP1393009B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-29 US US10/478,932 patent/US20050011651A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-29 DE DE50205951T patent/DE50205951D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-29 WO PCT/DE2002/001992 patent/WO2002097358A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-29 AT AT02748560T patent/ATE319068T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02097358A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050011651A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
EP1393009B1 (de) | 2006-03-01 |
WO2002097358A1 (de) | 2002-12-05 |
ATE319068T1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
DE50205951D1 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
DE10126273A1 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
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