EP1387158B1 - Méthode de retardation d'un balayage de mono-phase et appareil de mesure de dispersion à dépendance chromatique et de polarisation. - Google Patents

Méthode de retardation d'un balayage de mono-phase et appareil de mesure de dispersion à dépendance chromatique et de polarisation. Download PDF

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EP1387158B1
EP1387158B1 EP03008476A EP03008476A EP1387158B1 EP 1387158 B1 EP1387158 B1 EP 1387158B1 EP 03008476 A EP03008476 A EP 03008476A EP 03008476 A EP03008476 A EP 03008476A EP 1387158 B1 EP1387158 B1 EP 1387158B1
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optical
signals
polarization
input signal
signal
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EP1387158A2 (fr
EP1387158A3 (fr
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William Ian Mcalexander
Gregory Douglas Vanwiggeren
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Agilent Technologies Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
    • G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
    • G01M11/336—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face by measuring polarization mode dispersion [PMD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
    • G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
    • G01M11/3181—Reflectometers dealing with polarisation

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  • the present invention relates generally to the optical measurement field. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining chromatic and polarization dependent dispersion and other optical properties of an optical device.
  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining at least one optical property of an optical device according to the preambles of claims 1 and 8, respectively.
  • a method and an apparatus of this type are known from US 6,144,450.
  • EP 1 207 377 A2 discloses a method and an apparatus for determination of the elements of the Jones matrix of an optical device under test, comprising: producing an incoming light beam, splitting the light beam into a first light beam and a second light beam, coupling the first light beam with a given initial polarization into the optical device under test, letting the second light beam travel a different path than the first light beam, superimposing the first light beam and the second light beam to produce interference between the first light beam and the second light beam, splitting the superimposed light beam into a third light beam and a fourth light beam, detecting the power of the third and fourth light beams, and detecting elements of the Jones matrix from the frequency dependency of the detected power.
  • US 5,717,489 describes a polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus including a variable wavelength light source, a light intensity modulator connected to the light source, a polarization controller connected to the light intensity modulator, a beam splitter connected to the polarization controller, an O/E conversion unit connected to the beam splitter and an analyzing unit for controlling the light intensity modulator to provide a sine wave of a predetermined frequency and intensity, and the light source and the polarization controller to determine parameters of the Jones matrix from signals provided by the O/E conversion unit and a polarization mode dispersion defined by the parameters, thereby measuring a polarization mode dispersion of an object placed between the polarization controller and the beam splitter.
  • Chromatic dispersion of an optical communications system can significantly limit the information carrying capacity of an optical signal transmitted through the system. Particularly in an optical communications system that operates at a high bit rate, e.g., 40Gbps or more, chromatic dispersion can result in pulse distortion and otherwise affect the quality of an optical signal transmitted through the system.
  • Polarization dependent dispersion also referred to as polarization-mode dispersion or PMD
  • PMD can also limit the information carrying capacity of an optical signal in an optical communications system by limiting the bit rates that are achievable in the system.
  • PMD arises because the velocity of propagation of an optical signal through an optical communications system also depends on the polarization state of the optical signal; and the effects of polarization dependent dispersion also become increasingly significant as higher bit rates are achieved.
  • optical device By passing an optical signal having signal components that are modulated at first and second frequencies, respectively, and that have first and second polarization states, respectively, to an optical device, and then separating an optical output signal from the optical device into first and second output signals that have third and fourth polarization states, respectively (that may be the same as or different from the first and second polarization states), optical properties of the device, such as the chromatic dispersion and the polarization dependent dispersion of the device, can be accurately determined.
  • a set of four distinct phase-shift and amplitude measurements as a function of the wavelength of the optical input signal are obtained that spans all possible polarization states and that allows for unique determination of chromatic and polarization dependent dispersion and other optical properties of the optical device.
  • only one sweep of an input optical source over a wavelength range is needed to accurately determine chromatic dispersion, polarization dependent dispersion and other optical properties of an optical device. Accordingly, wavelength repeatability requirements of the optical source are relaxed and measurement time may be reduced.
  • the invention provides embodiments with other features and advantages in addition to or in lieu of those discussed above. Many of these features and advantages are apparent from the description below with reference to the following drawings.
  • Embodiments in accordance with the invention provide a technique for accurately determining chromatic dispersion, polarization dependent dispersion and other optical properties of an optical device.
  • the technique permits a relaxation of wavelength repeatability requirements of an optical source used in the technique and may be completed in a reduced period of time.
  • a typical optical communications system is composed of a plurality of separate optical devices, for example, a plurality of spans of optical fiber, and each device may have a different chromatic dispersion.
  • each device may have a different chromatic dispersion.
  • One technique for minimizing the total chromatic dispersion of an optical communications system is to select devices of differing chromatic dispersion such that the total chromatic dispersion of the system is minimized.
  • Another technique is to allow the chromatic dispersion to accumulate along the system and then compensate for the accumulated chromatic dispersion at the output of the system.
  • phase shift method PSM
  • the phase delays at different wavelengths are measured after being passed to an optical device under test, for example, after being passed through a given length of an optical fiber. From these measurements, the chromatic dispersion of the optical device can be determined.
  • FIGURE 1 is a block diagram that schematically illustrates a chromatic dispersion test apparatus for measuring the chromatic dispersion of an optical device under test (DUT) to assist in explaining the present invention (also see Dennis Derickson, Ed., Fiber Optic Test and Measurement, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, Chapter 12, 1998).
  • the apparatus is generally designated by reference number 10, and includes a tunable narrow band optical source such as laser source 12.
  • the light signal from laser source 12 is modulated at a known RF frequency, e.g., cos(2 ⁇ ft + ⁇ m ), by optical modulator 14 driven by RF source 16.
  • Modulated optical signal 18 from modulator 14 is then input to optical DUT 20.
  • Optical output signal 22 from DUT 20 is modulated at the same frequency as optical signal 18 input to the DUT, however, a wavelength dependent phase shift will have been introduced into the optical output signal as a result of chromatic dispersion present in the DUT.
  • Optical output signal 22 from DUT 20 is detected and converted to RF output signals 26 by optical-to-electrical converter 24.
  • the shift in phase of RF output signal 26 is then measured by comparing RF output signal 26 to reference RF signal 28 derived from RF source 16 used to drive modulator 14 by RF mixer 30.
  • the output of RF mixer 30 is a wavelength dependent measurement of the phase shift introduced into the optical output signal as a result of chromatic dispersion present in the DUT, and the chromatic dispersion of the DUT can be calculated from measurements at different wavelengths (a minimum of three wavelengths). Specifically, by varying the wavelength of optical source 12, the chromatic dispersion of the DUT as a function of wavelength can be determined.
  • phase shift method is effective for measuring chromatic dispersion of an optical device, the method does not measure polarization dependent dispersion of the device.
  • FIGURE 2 is a block diagram that schematically illustrates an apparatus for determining chromatic dispersion, polarization dependent dispersion and other optical properties of an optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus is generally designated by reference number 40 and comprises a transmitter portion, generally designated by reference number 45, and a receiver portion, generally designated by reference number 50.
  • Transmitter portion 45 includes a tunable narrow band optical source, such as laser source 52 that generates optical signal 54.
  • Optical source 52 comprises a tunable optical source by which the wavelength of the optical signal 54 can be controlled.
  • Splitter 60 splits optical signal 54 into first and second optical signals 56 and 58 that travel along separate paths.
  • Optical signal 56 is modulated at a first known RF frequency, e.g., cos(2 ⁇ f 1 t + ⁇ m ), by first optical modulator 62 driven by first RF source 64 to provide first modulated optical signal 66.
  • Optical signal 58 is modulated at a second known RF frequency, e.g., cos(2 ⁇ f 2 t + ⁇ m ), by second optical modulator 68 driven by second RF source 70 to provide second modulated optical signal 72.
  • optical signals 56 and 58 are intensity modulated although other forms of modulation, such as frequency modulation, can also be performed, if desired.
  • first and second modulated optical signals 66 and 72 are then adjusted to have first and second polarization states, preferably first and second substantially orthogonal polarization states. This can be achieved in various ways, and is illustrated in FIGURE 2 by polarization adjusting device 74 in the path of modulated optical signal 66 to ensure that the first and second modulated optical signals are substantially orthogonal to one another (for example, one polarized in the x direction and one polarized in the y direction).
  • First and second modulated optical signals 66 and 72 are then combined by polarizing beam splitter (PBS) 76 to provide optical input signal 80 that includes first and second signal components that are modulated at the first and second frequencies, respectively, and that have first and second substantially orthogonal polarization states, respectively.
  • Optical input signal 80 is then directed to optical DUT 82 as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • Receiver portion 50 of apparatus 40 includes polarizing beam splitter 92 that receives optical output signal 90 from DUT 82 and splits optical output signal 90 into first and second optical output signals 94 and 96 having third and fourth polarization states, preferably third and fourth substantially orthogonal polarization states, that may be the same as or different from the first and second polarization states of the optical input signal.
  • First and second optical output signals 94 and 96 are then converted to first and second RF output signals 102 and 104 by optical-to-electrical converters 98 and 100, respectively.
  • Each RF output signal 102 and 104 is then compared to reference signals at the first and second RF frequencies derived from first and second RF sources 64 and 70 used to drive modulators 62 and 68, respectively, by a comparator comprising RF mixers 106, 108, 110 and 112.
  • the output from the comparator comprises four distinct phase shift and amplitude measurements 120, 122, 124 and 126, from which the chromatic dispersion and the polarization dependent dispersion of DUT 82 can be readily determined as a function of wavelength as laser source 52 is tuned to different wavelengths.
  • the chromatic and polarization dependent dispersion can be determined, for example, by using a matrix analysis similar to Jones-Matrix-Eigenanalysis (see B. L. Heffner, Automated Measurement of Polarization Mode Dispersion Using Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 4, No. 9, pages 1066-1069, 1992).
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates an embodiment in which optical input signal 80 passes through optical DUT 82.
  • the present invention can also be utilized to determine optical properties of a DUT in which light is reflected from the DUT.
  • FIGURE 3 is a block diagram that schematically illustrates an apparatus for determining chromatic dispersion, polarization dependent dispersion and other optical properties of an optical device in which light is reflected from a device under test according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus is generally designated by reference number 150, and comprises transmitter portion 152 and receiver portion 154.
  • Transmitter portion 152 and receiver portion 154 are substantially identical to transmitter and receiver portions 45 and 50 in the embodiment illustrated in FIGURE 2, and like reference numbers are used to identify like components of the portions.
  • Apparatus 150 in FIGURE 3 differs from apparatus 40 in FIGURE 2 in that optical input signal 80 in FIGURE 3 is passed to and reflected from DUT 170 to provide optical output signal 180 (the terms “optical input signal” and “optical output signal” as used herein are intended to refer to signals to and from an optical DUT irrespective of the manner in which the optical input signal interacts with the DUT).
  • the output from the comparator comprises four distinct phase shift and amplitude measurements 120, 122, 124 and 126, from which the chromatic and polarization dependent dispersion of DUT 170 can be readily determined as a function of wavelength as laser source 52 is tuned to different wavelengths.
  • FIGURE 4 is a flow chart that illustrates steps of a method for determining chromatic and polarization dependent dispersion and other optical properties of an optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method is generally designated by reference number 200, and begins by providing an optical input signal having first and second signal components that are modulated at first and second frequencies, respectively, and that have first and second polarization states, respectively (step 202).
  • the optical input signal is then passed to an optical DUT (step 204).
  • An optical output signal from the optical DUT is then separated into first and second optical output signals having third and fourth polarization states which may be the same as or different from the first and second polarization states, and the first and second optical output signals are converted to first and second RF output signals, respectively (step 206).
  • Each of the first and second RF output signals are then compared with reference signals at the first and second RF frequencies to provide four phase shift and amplitude measurements (step 208).
  • the four phase shift and amplitude measurements as a function of wavelength are then used to determine optical properties of the DUT (step 210).
  • the invention can be varied in many respects without departing therefrom.
  • the invention is primarily directed to determining chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion of an optical device
  • the invention can also determine other optical properties of an optical device. Exemplary of such other optical properties include insertion loss, transmittance, reflectance, polarization dependent loss, polarization dependent reflectance, group delay and differential group delay.
  • the DUT comprises a length of optical fiber
  • the DUT can comprise any device that propagates, reflects or otherwise interacts with optical signals.

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour déterminer au moins une propriété optique d'un dispositif optique (82, 170) comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    Figure imgb0001
    fournir un signal d'entrée optique (80) qui comprend des premier et second composants de signal (66, 72) qui sont modulés à des première et seconde fréquences, respectivement, et qui présente des premier et deuxième états de polarisation, respectivement, la seconde fréquence de modulation étant distincte de la première fréquence de modulation et le deuxième état de polarisation étant distinct du premier état de polarisation ;
    Figure imgb0002
    faire passer le signal d'entrée optique (80) vers un dispositif optique (82, 170) ;
    Figure imgb0003
    séparer un signal optique (90, 180) provenant du dispositif optique (82, 170) en des premier et second signaux de sortie optique (94, 96) qui présentent des troisième et quatrième états de polarisation, respectivement, le quatrième état de polarisation étant distinct du troisième état de polarisation ;
    Figure imgb0004
    caractérisé par l'étape consistant à :
    Figure imgb0005
    comparer chacun desdits premier et deuxième signaux de sortie optique (94, 96) à des signaux de référence auxdites première et seconde fréquences pour fournir quatre mesures de décalage de phase et d'amplitude (120, 122, 124, 126) à partir desquelles au moins une propriété optique du dispositif optique (82, 170) peut être déterminée comme une fonction de la longueur d'onde du signal d'entrée optique (80).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite étape consistant à fournir un signal d'entrée optique (80) comprend :
    Figure imgb0006
    la division d'un signal optique (54) en des premier et second signaux optiques (56, 58) ; et
    Figure imgb0007
    la modulation desdits premier et second signaux optiques (56, 58) aux première et seconde fréquences, respectivement, pour fournir des premier et second signaux optiques modulés (66, 72).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ladite étape consistant à fournir un signal d'entrée optique (80) comprend en outre le réglage de la polarisation desdits premier et second signaux optiques modulés (66, 72) pour être sensiblement orthogonaux afin de fournir des premier et second signaux optiques modulés (66, 72) qui présentent des premier et deuxième états de polarisation sensiblement orthogonaux, respectivement, et la combinaison desdits premier et second signaux optiques modulés (66, 72) présentant lesdits premier et deuxième états de polarisation sensiblement orthogonaux afin de fournir ledit signal d'entrée optique (80).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel ladite étape de séparation comprend la séparation dudit signal optique (90, 180) provenant du dispositif optique (82, 170) en des premier et second signaux de sortie optique (94, 96) qui présentent les troisième et quatrième états de polarisation sensiblement orthogonaux, respectivement, et la conversion desdits premier et second signaux de sortie optique (94, 96) en des premier et second signaux de sortie HF (102, 104), respectivement, et dans lequel ladite étape de comparaison comprend la comparaison de chacun desdits premier et second signaux de sortie HF (102, 104) à des signaux de référence à des première et seconde fréquences HF.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel ladite au moins une propriété optique comprend au moins une parmi la dispersion chromatique, la dispersion dépendant de la polarisation, l'affaiblissement d'insertion, la transmittance, la réflectance, l'affaiblissement dépendant de la polarisation, la réflectance dépendant de la polarisation, le temps de propagation de groupe et le temps de propagation de groupe différentiel.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel ladite étape de passage comprend soit faire passer ledit signal d'entrée optique (80) à travers ledit dispositif optique (82), soit réfléchir ledit signal d'entrée optique (80) à partir dudit dispositif optique (170).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel ledit signal d'entrée optique (80) est fourni par une source optique accordable (52) destinée à commander la longueur d'onde du signal d'entrée optique (80) ; et dans lequel ladite dispersion chromatique et ladite dispersion dépendant de la polarisation sont déterminées comme une fonction de la longueur d'onde alors que le ledit signal d'entrée optique (80) est accordé sur différentes longueurs d'onde.
  8. Appareil destiné à déterminer au moins une propriété optique d'un dispositif optique (82, 170), comprenant :
    Figure imgb0008
    un émetteur (45, 152) pouvant fournir un signal d'entrée optique (80) à un dispositif optique (82, 170), ledit signal d'entrée optique (80) comprenant des premier et second composants de signal (66, 72) qui sont modulés à des première et seconde fréquences, respectivement, et qui présentent des premier et deuxième états de polarisation, respectivement, la seconde fréquence de modulation étant distincte de la première fréquence de modulation et le deuxième état de polarisation étant distinct du premier état de polarisation ; et
    Figure imgb0009
    un récepteur (50, 54) pouvant recevoir un signal de sortie optique (90, 180) à partir du dispositif optique (82, 170), ledit récepteur (50, 154) comprenant un convertisseur (98, 100) destiné à convertir le signal de sortie optique (90, 180) provenant du dispositif optique (82, 170) dans des premier et second signaux de sortie (102, 104) correspondant à des troisième et quatrième états de polarisation, respectivement, la quatrième polarisation étant distincte de la troisième polarisation, caractérisé par un comparateur (106, 108, 110, 112) destiné à comparer chacun des premier et second signaux de sortie (102, 104) à des signaux de référence auxdites première et seconde fréquences pour fournir quatre mesures de décalage de phase et d'amplitude (120, 122, 124, 126) à partir desquelles au moins une propriété optique du dispositif optique (82, 170) peut être déterminée comme une fonction de la longueur d'onde.
  9. Appareil selon la revendication 8, dans lequel ledit émetteur (45, 152) comprend :
    Figure imgb0010
    une source optique accordable (52) ;
    Figure imgb0011
    un diviseur (60) destiné à diviser un signal optique (54) provenant de ladite source optique accordable (52) en des premier et second signaux optiques (56, 58) ;
    Figure imgb0012
    des premier et second modulateurs (62, 68) destinés à moduler lesdits premier et second signaux optiques (56, 58) à des première et seconde fréquences HF, respectivement, pour fournir des premier et second signaux optiques modulés (66, 72) ;
    Figure imgb0013
    un dispositif (74) destiné à ajuster la polarisation desdits premier et second signaux optiques modulés (66, 72) pour présenter des premier et deuxième états de polarisation sensiblement orthogonaux, respectivement ; et
    Figure imgb0014
    un combineur (76) destiné à combiner lesdits premier et second signaux optiques modulés (66, 72) présentant les premier et deuxième états de polarisation sensiblement orthogonaux afin de fournir ledit signal d'entrée optique (80) ; et dans lequel ledit récepteur (50, 154) comprend :
    Figure imgb0015
    un séparateur (92) destiné à séparer ledit signal de sortie optique (90, 180) en des premier et second signaux de sortie optique (94, 96) qui présentent les premier et deuxième états de polarisation sensiblement orthogonaux, respectivement ; et
    Figure imgb0016
    ledit convertisseur (98, 100) convertit lesdits premier et second signaux de sortie optique (94, 96) en des premier et second signaux de sortie HF (102, 104) qui correspondent aux troisième et quatrième états de polarisation sensiblement orthogonaux, respectivement, dans lequel ledit comparateur (106, 108, 110, 112) compare chacun desdits premier et second signaux de sortie HF (102, 104) à des signaux de référence auxdites première et seconde fréquences HF pour fournir lesdites quatre mesures de décalage de phase et d'amplitude (120, 122, 124, 126).
  10. Appareil selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit comparateur (106, 108, 110, 112) comprend une pluralité de mélangeurs HF (106, 108, 110, 112).
EP03008476A 2002-07-31 2003-04-11 Méthode de retardation d'un balayage de mono-phase et appareil de mesure de dispersion à dépendance chromatique et de polarisation. Expired - Fee Related EP1387158B1 (fr)

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US10/211,018 US6724468B2 (en) 2002-07-31 2002-07-31 Single sweep phase shift method and apparatus for measuring chromatic and polarization dependent dispersion

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JP2005221500A (ja) * 2004-02-05 2005-08-18 Agilent Technol Inc 信号変調を利用したヘテロダイン光ネットワーク解析

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US6724468B2 (en) 2004-04-20
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US20040021864A1 (en) 2004-02-05
EP1387158A2 (fr) 2004-02-04
EP1387158A3 (fr) 2005-06-08

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