EP1380534A1 - Mobile harbour crane as a mobile transfer device for piece goods - Google Patents

Abstract

Mobile harbor crane comprises a superstructure (5) connected to a chassis (4) via a rotating mechanism and forming the base for a pivoting extension arm (7) having a load-holding device (10) and supporting a fixed tower (6), drive aggregate and counterweight. The extension arm is pivotably hinged on the steel construction in the lower region of the superstructure and supports on its end an extension arm head (9) which is attached to the load-holding device by lifting cables. Preferred Features: The extension arm head is attached to the end of the extension arm by a parallelogram guide (8) and on pivoting remains vertically and horizontally aligned in every extension arm position by holding rods (8.1, 8.2) or holding cables.

Description

The invention relates to a mobile harbor crane as a mobile handling device for General cargo, in particular for handling ISO containers from smaller ones Container ships consisting of an undercarriage with multi-axis steerable Tire chassis and laterally telescopic supports as well as a die Basis for the luffing jib with the load handler arranged on it forming superstructure, the fixed tower, the drive units and the Counterweight carries and is connected to the undercarriage via a slewing gear.

Mobile harbor cranes are generally used in sea and inland ports when handling General cargo, especially ISO containers, and often in "stand-by" mode used next to container gantry cranes. The mobility of these mobile harbor cranes sets Environmental conditions, usually on the manually operated Container terminals are given.

The transport width of a known mobile harbor crane is determined by the size of the telescopic outrigger, the transport height is determined by the angular position of the Outrigger determined. When moving the device with the boom upright this at an angle necessary for even axle load distribution Tower standing firmly on the uppercarriage. To change the position of the device the method known with the cantilever, which deals with one at the Boom tip bearing supported wheel on the quay. Even if it is stored The boom in this type of procedure is the height of the fixed tower specified headroom very large, so that e.g. the passage through the portal a container bridge is not possible. In this case, a separate lane next to the track of the container bridge.

Mobile harbor cranes should always be quick and extremely mobile on a quay move to the positions assigned to them with the least space requirement. Devices that meet these conditions could be particularly economical for loading or Unloading even from small container ships such as barges and feeders (capacity up to approx. 400 TEU) can be used. Most importantly, they could be an integral part an automatic container terminal, i.e. the higher-level terminal logistics guarded the loading and unloading process, with the mobile harbor crane Load automated on predetermined parking spaces in defined orientations can discontinue.

Previously known mobile harbor cranes do not currently meet the criteria described, especially the possibility of automation. Since the load handler for the ISO container, the so-called spreader, usually with the load hook of one Swiveling crossbar is coupled and the swiveling crossbar in turn to two Lifting ropes are struck, this type of suspension is very susceptible to that Pendulum and twisting of the load, especially with asymmetrical loads the container or in "twin-lift" mode (two 20ft containers). Because the exact and quick positioning of the load especially on the skill of the Crane driver is dependent on the well-known mobile harbor cranes automated use not possible. The use of additional devices, such as a spreader suspension with balance compensation and / or an electronic one Swing damping supports the crane operator, but causes additional ones Cost and increase inefficiency.

The object of the present invention is based on those described Problems and disadvantages in the state of the art of a new type of handling device for general cargo, using the well-known technology of mobile harbor cranes Tire chassis builds up and the loading and unloading of enables smaller container ships in particular. The new device should do so become an integral part of an automatic container terminal and in the Being able to interact with driverless transport systems, various Connect areas of the container terminal with each other. The device is said to be fast and can move to its position extremely mobile with minimal space requirements and the load is automated on predetermined parking spaces in a precisely defined one Alignment.

To achieve the object of the invention, a mobile harbor crane is used proposed, which is characterized in that the boom in the lower Area of the superstructure is hinged to the steel structure and to his Boom tip carries a boom head on which the load handler over Lifting ropes are struck. When the undercarriage is known per se, unlike conventional generic mobile harbor cranes in which the The boom is hinged to the tower, the steel structure of the superstructure is the basis for the Boom bearing. The superstructure continues to carry the machine house with the Drive unit, the slewing gear with the roller slewing ring, the two double lifting winches, the double luffing winch, the fall support, the e-space, that Counterweight and the known, rigid with a flange connection Uppercarriage connected tower. By the linkage of the boom in the lower Area of the superstructure, the rigid tower can be designed lower, so that the maximum, through the top of the tower and the rope pulleys stored there certain headroom of the mobile harbor crane can be significantly lower. This enables the boom to be driven through with the boom lowered accordingly Portals of a container bridge without having a separate additional lane next to it the rail track of the container bridge must be present. The adjustment of the the boom mounted deep on the superstructure steel structure is supported by a rope-driven Seesaw made; one between the outrigger foot and the uppercarriage pre-tensioned hydraulic spring storage system serves as a fall support and ensures a controlled, damped rocking process, especially in steep positions of the boom. If a hydraulic luffing gear is alternatively provided, this is not necessary Fall-back support.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the boom head is connected to the boom tip by means of a parallelogram guide and by means of handrails or ropes when rocking vertically into every boom position and remains aligned horizontally.

In a special embodiment of the invention, the boom head is in horizontally divided in two and consists of an upper one, over the Parallelogram guide connected to the luffing boom first part and one connected to this upper part via a horizontal rotary connection lower second part. This design of the boom head enables the lower part of the boom head versus the vertical, in each Swivel position of the boom horizontally aligned upper part of the To pivot the boom head so that the attached to it Load handler can turn the general cargo into the desired position, for example, when a container is loaded and unloaded, its doors or the cooling units of reefer containers in a defined orientation bring.

Preferably, the lower part of the pivotable about a vertical axis of rotation Boom head opposite the fixed upper part of the boom head by means of Rotary drives can be swiveled up to +/- 135 °.

According to a particularly favorable feature of the invention, it is provided that A total of four hoisting ropes are raised and lowered by the load handler preferably five times reeving in the middle between the tower and the jib tip four rope pulleys mounted on the jib tip, two in the upper part of the Boom head mounted pulley pairs are guided, one of which is too the other pair is arranged so offset above the other pair that the four hoisting ropes in parallel and at equal intervals to each other vertically through the center the slewing ring run through to the load handling device, where the Hoist ropes are drawn outwards in a star shape via four vertically rotating pulleys one each of four further deflection pulleys are guided, which the respective Lift rope vertically back up to the pivotable lower part of the Boom head where the four hoisting ropes are firmly attached.

The five-fold reeving of the hoisting ropes between the tower and the jib tip serves reaching a horizontal load path when the boom is luffing. The A total of four hoisting ropes are guided so that the vertical rope drain in the horizontal sectional view of the lifting ropes results in a square with the side length "z". The four hoisting ropes running in the direction of the load beam initially follow the four on the Load traverse arranged inner x-shaped, vertically circumferential Rope pulleys and are then ascending horizontally over four also on the Load traverse X-shaped, vertically rotating outer rope pulleys vertically led back to the rotating part of the boom head, where the fixed rope points are are located. The four x-shaped inner pulleys on the load beam are like this that the vertical lifting ropes in their vertical Cut a square with the side lengths "z". This arrangement allows a swiveling of the boom head by approx. +/- 135 °.

As an alternative to the solution described above, it is proposed that for A total of four hoisting ropes are raised and lowered by the load handler preferably triple reeving in the middle of four at the boom tip mounted pulleys to two in the upper part of the boom head Rope pulley pairs are guided, one pair to the other pair in such a way staggered above the other pair that the four hoist rope is parallel and in equal distances to each other perpendicularly centrally through the slewing ring run into the lower part of the boom head, where the hoisting ropes over four vertical revolving pulleys star-shaped to the outside, each one of four further pulleys are guided, which the respective hoist rope vertically down to one of the corner points of the load handler.

Triple reeving of the hoisting ropes to achieve a horizontal one The load path when the boom is rocking is part of the state of the art. The A total of four hoisting ropes are guided so that the vertical rope drain in the horizontal sectional view of the ropes results in a square with the side length "z". On two superimposed levels are followed by a total of eight arranged in an X-shape Rope pulleys in the rotatable lower part of the boom head. The four hoisting ropes run on a first level, in the middle of the four x-shaped rope pulleys, so are stored so that the vertically running ropes are horizontal Sectional view form a square with the side length distance "z". This arrangement and a sufficiently large distance of the pulleys in the upper luffing to the Rope pulleys in the lower rotatable part also allow swiveling of the Boom head by approx. +/- 135 °.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the distance between the lower of the two in the upper part of the boom head Rope roller pairs and the four in the lower part of the boom head vertically rotating pulleys is chosen such that the permissible Cable deflection when turning the lower part of the boom head ≤ 4 ° exceeds. This permissible rope deflection is, for example, in DIN 15020 sheet 1 established.

If according to a further feature of the invention, the boom with the articulated boom head is pivotable into a lower transport position in which the boom tip is arranged below an imaginary horizontal plane, that affects the top of the mobile harbor crane is also the top of the tower the measure for the maximum headroom of the device, but this is clear lower than with conventional devices. Because even when lowering the boom the boom head can remain in a defined working position drive through container bridges, for example, and is therefore extremely Mobility on.

To enlarge the support base when moving the device is after a Another feature of the invention provided that the axes of the Tire chassis to the undercarriage, based on the center of the slewing gear, are arranged asymmetrically. Such is done in the direction of travel of the device Alignment that those axes or that axis of the device in whose The direction of the boom is lowered, extends further beyond the superstructure than the remaining axes.

Conveniently, eight axes are provided, the ratio of four to two + two are divided, and to move the device of the boom towards the Axle group two + two is countersunk.

The new mobile harbor crane has a number of advantages. So the new one Device, because not rail bound, its location on the quay anytime switch, and can operate an automatic container terminal to get integrated. Since the device according to the invention compared to conventional mobile harbor crane in the transport position a relatively small Headroom, there is no need for a separate lane next to the track the container bridge. Above all the design of the boom head and the Load suspension devices enable controlled load control with a defined Load transfer. The mobile harbor crane of the proposed design can be automated and can be easily integrated into an automatic container terminal.

Fig. 1

die Seitenansicht eines automatischen Hafenmobilkrans nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf den Hafenmobilkran nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt des Auslegers und des Auslegerkopfes nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 4

den Auslegerkopf in einer Verdrehstellung des Lastaufnahmemittels,

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht auf den Auslegerkopf aus Fig. 3,

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf den Auslegerkopf aus Fig. 4,

Fig. 7

eine Seitenansicht des Hafenmobilkrans in Transportstellung,

Fig. 8

eine Rückansicht des Hafenmobilkranes ebenfalls in Transportstellung und

Fig. 9

eine alternative Seilführung an einem erfindungsgemäßen Hafenmobilkran.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described below. It shows:

Fig. 1

the side view of an automatic mobile harbor crane according to the invention,

Fig. 2

2 shows a plan view of the mobile harbor crane according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

an enlarged section of the boom and the boom head according to the invention,

Fig. 4

the boom head in a rotated position of the load handler,

Fig. 5

3 shows a plan view of the boom head from FIG. 3,

Fig. 6

4 shows a plan view of the boom head from FIG. 4,

Fig. 7

a side view of the mobile harbor crane in transport position,

Fig. 8

a rear view of the mobile harbor crane also in the transport position and

Fig. 9

an alternative cable guide on a mobile harbor crane according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a mobile harbor crane 1 according to the invention in front of two lying on quay 2 Bargen 3 shown in side view. The main components of the Mobile harbor cranes are the undercarriage 4 with the tire chassis 4.1 and the Support 4.2, the superstructure 5 with the lifting winches 5.1. and 5.2 and the Luffing winch 5.3, the tower 6 with the pulleys 6.1 and the cabin 6.2, the Boom 7 with the fall support 7.1, the parallelogram guide 8 with the Handrails 8.1, the rocker head 9 with the rocker upper part 9.1 and the in contrast, rotatable lower part 9.2 and the load handling device 10 with the Load traverse 10.1 and the spreader 10.2. 2 is a top view of the Working area of the mobile harbor crane 1 can be identified by the dash-dotted lines made. The device is supported on the front of the undercarriage 4 supported support 4.2. on quay 2. The steel structure of the uppercarriage 5 mounted boom 7 is positioned so that the spreader 10.2 the predetermined Pick up container 11 from barge 3 and, after swinging the boom towards the quay, this on a predetermined parking space 12 in a defined Alignment, parallel or at right angles to the quay.

In the drawing figure 3 is an enlarged view of a section of the in Fig. 1 shown boom 7 shown in the head area. The boom is in steep position, also the parallelogram guide 8, the Handrail pair 8.1 and 8.2, the rocking head 9 with the rocking upper part 9.1 and the rotatable lower part 9.2, the slewing gear 9.3 and that Load suspension means 10 shown with the load beam 10.1 and the spreader. The four hoisting ropes 13.1. - 13.4 about the two pulley pairs 14.1 and 14.2 as well as 14.3 and 14.4 vertically downwards in Guided towards the load beam 10.1 and there over the x-shaped attached there arranged inner pulleys 15.1 - 15.4 passed. From there, the Lifting ropes horizontally over the 10.1 x-shaped in the same plane on the load beam arranged outer pulleys 16.1 - 16.4 guided and vertical to the Anchor points 17.1 - 17.4 on the rotatable lower part 9.2 of the boom head 9 led back. 3 shows the rotatable lower part 9.2 of the boom head 9 in the zero degree position, that is to say without a rotational offset luffing upper part of the boom head 9.1.

The drawing figure 4 shows the same situation as shown in Fig. 3, however, the lower rotatable part 9.2 of the boom head 9 is now with a Rotation offset of 90 ° to the rockable upper part 9.1 shown. The Rope groove distance "z" of the pulleys 14.1 and 14.2 and the center distance "y" between the pulleys 14.1 and 14.2 in the upper part of the jib head 9.1 and the Rope pulleys 15.1 - 15.2 on the load beam 10.1 of the load handler constructively chosen so that the rope deflection of the lifting ropes 13.1 and 13.2 in permissible range. The telescoped in the maximum 45 ft position Spreader 10.2 has enough free space at the maximum lifting height Boom 7 in its steep position.

FIG. 5 schematically shows a top view of the rockable head from FIG. 3 the guidance of the hoisting ropes shown. Via the four pulleys 7.1 - 7.4 the four hoisting ropes 13.1 - 13.4 over the two pairs of pulleys 14.1 and 14.2 and 14.3 and 14.4 vertically (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing) in the direction of the load beam 10.1 guided, then over the x-shaped pulleys 15.1-15.4, from there over the rope pulleys 16.1 - 16.4 arranged in the same plane in an x-shape. The graphic representation shows the lower part 9.2 of the boom head 9 without Rotational offset to the fixed upper part 9.1 in the 0 ° position.

FIG. 6 also shows the top view of the boom head from FIG. 4 in FIG schematic representation. The cable guide corresponds to the description of the Drawing figure 5. The drawing figure basically shows the same situation as in Fig. 3, but is now the rotating part 9.2 with a rotational offset of 90 ° to the rocker 9.1. shown.

FIG. 7 shows the mobile harbor crane according to the invention in a transport position Side view while driving on quay 2 through the portal of a container bridge 18. For even axle load distribution, the axles in the tire chassis 4.1 are Undercarriage 4 divided and balanced in the ratio "four to two + two". The Boom 7 with its luffing boom head 9 is at the level of the top of the Tower 6 lowered in the direction of the axis group "two + two", the support 4.2 is retracted or telescoped.

As can be seen in the drawing figure 8, the dimensioning of the Mobile harbor cranes according to the invention also the passage of the device between the supports of the container bridge, even if ship hatch covers are stored there. Additional lanes next to the container bridge are not required.

An alternative hoisting rope guide on a mobile harbor crane according to the invention is shown in the drawing figure 9 shown. The cross section of the cable guide corresponds to essential to the illustration in Figure 4, however, are ropes 13.1 and 13.2 Triple reeved between the tower and the jib tip. Over the four pulleys 7.1 - 7.4 the lifting ropes 13.1. - 13.4 over the two pairs of pulleys 14.1 and 14.2 and 14.3 and 14.4 guided and then over the x-shaped in the upper level arranged pulleys 15.1 - 15.4 passed. From there, the hoisting ropes are over the pulleys 16.1 - 16.4 arranged in an x-shape in the lower level to the Anchor points 17.1 - 17.4 of the load beam 10.1 guided.

Claims (10)

Mobile harbor crane as a mobile handling device for general cargo, in particular for handling ISO containers from smaller container ships, consisting of an undercarriage with multi-axle steerable tire chassis and telescoping supports on the side, and an uppercarriage which forms the basis for the luffing jib with the load handling device arranged thereon, which forms the fixed tower, carries the drive units and the counterweight and is connected to the undercarriage via a slewing gear,
characterized in that the boom (7) is articulated in the lower region of the superstructure (5) on its steel structure and bears at its jib tip a boom head (9) on which the load-carrying means (10) is attached via lifting ropes (13.1 to 13.4) , Mobile harbor crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the jib head (9) is connected to the jib tip by means of a parallelogram guide (8) and remains vertically and horizontally aligned when jibing in each jib position by means of handrails or holding ropes (8.1 and 8.2). Mobile harbor crane according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the jib head (9) is divided in two in the horizontal direction and consists of an upper part (9.1) connected to the luffing jib via the parallelogram guide and a top part connected to this upper part via a horizontal rotary connection ( 9.3) connected lower second part (9.2). Mobile harbor crane according to claim 3, characterized in that the lower part (9.2) of the jib head (9), which can be pivoted about a vertical axis of rotation, can be pivoted by up to ± 135 ° by means of rotary drives in relation to the fixed upper part (9.1) of the jib head (9). Mobile harbor crane according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a total of four hoisting ropes (13.1 to 13.4) for lifting and lowering the load-carrying means (10) after preferably five times reeving between the tower (6) and the jib tip in the center via four rope pulleys (7.1 to 7.4) are guided to two pairs of cable pulleys (14.1 to 14.4) mounted in the upper part of the boom head (9), one pair (14.1 and 14.2) of the other pair (14.3 and 14.4) being arranged so offset above the other pair that the four hoisting ropes (13.1 to 13.4) run parallel and at equal intervals (z) to each other, perpendicularly centrally through the rotary connection (9.3) to the load-carrying device (10), where the hoisting ropes (13.1 to 13.4) via four vertically rotating deflection rollers ( 15.1 to 15.4) are guided in a star shape to the outside to one of four further deflection rollers (16.1 to 16.4) fastened to the load suspension device, each of which e Guide the lifting cable (13.1 to 13.4)) vertically upwards back to the swiveling lower part (9.2) of the boom head (9), where the four lifting cables (13.1 to 13.4) are firmly attached. Mobile harbor crane according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that for lifting and lowering the load-carrying means (10) a total of four hoisting ropes (13.1 to 13.4) after preferably triple reeving between the tower (6) and the jib tip in the middle via four rope pulleys (7.1 to 7.4) are guided to two pairs of cable pulleys (14.1 to 14.4) mounted in the upper part of the boom head (9), one pair (14.1 and 14.2) of the other pair (14.3 and 14.4) being arranged so offset above the other pair that the four hoist ropes (13.1 to 13.4) run parallel and at equal intervals (z) to each other perpendicularly centrally through the slewing ring (9.3) into the lower part of the boom head (9.2), where the hoist ropes (13.1 to 13.4) via four vertically rotating pulleys (15.1 to 15.4) are guided in a star shape to the outside to one of four further deflection pulleys (16.1 to 16.4), which vertically move the respective lifting rope (13.1 to 13.4) Lead down to one of the corner areas of the load handler (10). Mobile harbor crane according to claim 6, characterized in that the distance (y) between the lower of the two pairs of cable pulleys (14.3 and 14.4) mounted in the upper part (9.1) of the jib head (9) and the four in the lower part of the jib head (9) vertically circumferential deflection pulleys (15.1 to 15.4) is selected such that the permissible cable deflection when turning the lower part of the boom head does not exceed ≤ 4 °. Mobile harbor crane according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jib (7) with the articulated jib head (9) can be pivoted into a lower transport position in which the jib tip is arranged below an imaginary horizontal plane, which is the top of the tower ( 6) of the mobile harbor crane (1). Mobile harbor crane according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in order to enlarge the support base of the axles of the tire undercarriage (4.1) of the undercarriage (4) in relation to the center of the slewing gear between the superstructure (5 ) and undercarriage (4) of the mobile harbor crane (1) are arranged asymmetrically. Mobile harbor crane according to claim 9, characterized in that a total of eight axles are provided for the tire undercarriage (4.1), which are divided in the ratio "4 to 2 plus 2" and for moving the mobile harbor crane (1) the jib (7) in the direction of the axle group "2 plus 2" can be lowered.

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