EP1378369B1 - Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines bewegten Trägers - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines bewegten Trägers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1378369B1 EP1378369B1 EP02405550A EP02405550A EP1378369B1 EP 1378369 B1 EP1378369 B1 EP 1378369B1 EP 02405550 A EP02405550 A EP 02405550A EP 02405550 A EP02405550 A EP 02405550A EP 1378369 B1 EP1378369 B1 EP 1378369B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating solution
- nanocrystalline
- coating
- nanoporous inorganic
- nanoporous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910004180 Li(NiCo)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
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- FCTDKZOUZXYHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,2-diol Chemical compound OC1(O)COCCO1 FCTDKZOUZXYHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methanol Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NCO)=N1 MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/502—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording characterised by structural details, e.g. multilayer materials
- B41M5/508—Supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
- B41M5/5218—Macromolecular coatings characterised by inorganic additives, e.g. pigments, clays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
- B41M5/5227—Macromolecular coatings characterised by organic non-macromolecular additives, e.g. UV-absorbers, plasticisers, surfactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/02—Details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for coating a moving carrier, preferably for the production of recording materials, therein including recording materials for the Inkjet printing, and for the production of electrically active films.
- the coating solutions are not a thermoreversibly solidifying binder contained, does not usually lead to cooling of the poured solutions a satisfactory behavior of the surface towards that during the air impacting the drying process caused disturbances.
- the polyvinyl alcohol contain, include such known thickeners or solidification promoters Agents boric acid and / or borates.
- a coating solution is described in patent application EP 0'634'286, which is a sol made of aluminum oxide and polyvinyl alcohol as a binder and additionally Contains boric acid.
- a carrier material is obtained for inkjet printing.
- This recording material has a porous ink receiving layer made of nanoporous aluminum oxide hydroxide, which the different Absorb and fix dyes in inkjet printing fluids can.
- the coating solution described in this patent application contains Boric acid and / or borates to prevent cracking in the dried recording materials to prevent. In such a case, however, the solidifying must Effect of boric acid can be minimized so that the viscosity of the coating solution remains constant over time at a level that is used in the Coating process is permitted.
- US Pat. No. 4,877,686 describes the production of a recording material for the Inkjet printing described that in the ink receiving layer polyvinyl alcohol contains as binder, boric acid and a filler with high absorption capacity, the amount of binder based on weight 10% to 100% on the filler.
- Patent application EP 1'111'452 describes a method for coating a Moving carrier described, in which on a possibly with or several layers of precoated carrier in a first step a coating solution is applied, which contains a viscosity-increasing substance. The layer produced in this way is dried and then with a second Coated solution containing a film-forming binder, with an image-receiving layer is formed.
- a coating solution for the production of recording materials for inkjet printing is a Borate the viscosity increasing substance and the film forming binder in the Ink receiving layer is polyvinyl alcohol.
- Patent application EP 1'120'281 describes a recording material for inkjet printing which consists of at least two ink-receiving layers on a support, one layer comprising a pigment and a binder and the other layer nanoporous particles (selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate and ⁇ - Al 2 O 3 , ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 and ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 with an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less) and optionally a compound (selected from phenol compounds, boric acid, borates and cyclodextrin compounds) contains to improve the light resistance.
- nanoporous particles selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate and ⁇ - Al 2 O 3 , ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 and ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 with an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less
- a compound selected from phenol compounds, boric acid, borates and cyclodextrin compounds
- Patent application EP 0'493'100 describes a recording material for inkjet printing which consists of a support onto which at least 0.1 g / m 2 boric acid or borax and then an ink-receiving layer consisting of synthetic silicon dioxide and polyvinyl alcohol have been applied as a binder.
- the invention allows the coating of moving supports with a low one Number of coating defects, especially at high coating speeds.
- a "viscosity increasing" or “solidification promoting” substance is selected which has the property with at least one of the in the compounds contained in the coating solution interact, to increase the viscosity of the coating solution, the solidification thereof accelerate or network them.
- the terms "viscosity-increasing substance” or “solidification-promoting substance” can affect a connection relate the viscosity of a binder-containing solution through interaction can increase with the binder.
- a solution that is a concentrated one contains colloidal dispersion of inorganic pigments solidification-promoting substance refer to a connection with the property, increase the viscosity of the solution by destroying its colloidal stability.
- the viscosity-increasing or solidifying substance is in an auxiliary coating solution included with at least one main coating solution is applied to the moving carrier.
- the coated carrier is then dried. Contains this second main coating solution the components that determine the product properties.
- the auxiliary coating solution containing the solidification-promoting substance can contain other components, such as surface-active compounds, included to determine the properties of the final product, provided that any interaction of other components with the viscosity-increasing or solidification-promoting substance does not become an unstable Viscosity behavior of the auxiliary coating solution leads.
- Additives without solidification Properties can also come from the main coating solution removed and introduced into the auxiliary coating solution.
- the ability to perform the coating process at high speeds is an advantage of this method, since the coating liquids with the relatively low viscosities required for fast coating processes can be applied to the moving carrier and then on the carrier solidify so quickly that the surface of the layers through that in the dryer hot air hitting the nozzles is no longer disturbed.
- Another advantage is the possibility of solidifying or crosslinking substances without Use impairment of the viscosity behavior of the coating solutions to be able to.
- the invention according to claim 1 relates to a method in solutions containing one or more nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic Contain compounds and one or more binders on a moving Carrier can be applied and, after drying, a thin one Form layer, which are the nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds and containing the binders, the amount of the binders by weight 2% to 30% of the amount of the nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic Connections.
- Such, preferably transparent, layers, the nanocrystalline contain nanoporous inorganic compounds, for example as electrically active films in various products such as batteries, Solar cells, electrochromic glasses or in recording materials for the Inkjet printing used.
- Typical nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds are the nanoporous Oxides of aluminum or silicon, the oxide hydroxides of aluminum, Transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides or their lithium inclusion compounds.
- the main coating solution contains at least one colloidal dispersion these nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds and one or several film-forming binders in an amount by weight 30% of the amount of nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds does not exceed.
- the main coating solution After applying the main coating solution together with the auxiliary coating solution, if necessary together with other auxiliary layers, diffuses the viscosity-increasing or solidifying substance from the Auxiliary coating solution in the main coating solution and occurs with at least one of its constituents interacting, thereby reducing the viscosity of the Main coating solution rises sharply.
- the increase in viscosity can be caused by the Addition of coating aids such as low molecular weight thinners (e.g. Water) or by adjusting the pH or ionic strength of the auxiliary coating solution can be controlled.
- the main coating solution can thereby solidify or be networked.
- the auxiliary coating solution can be above or below the main coating solution (or main coating solutions).
- the auxiliary layer is at the top all layers of the overall system.
- the solidification-promoting Substance in the production of the main coating solutions which are the binders and which contain nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds, not used and also not immediately before the start of the coating process added, for example by injection into the solution. It is fed to the multi-layer system via the auxiliary coating solution.
- the main coating solutions, which contain the binders and the nanocrystalline, contain nanoporous inorganic compounds, together with the Coating solution as at least two different layers on the applied moving carrier.
- the applied layers are cooled and by blowing hot air through a system of nozzles dried.
- the auxiliary coating solution have a similar composition to the main coating solution - of course with the exception of the amount of the solidification-promoting substance - below that Condition that the concentration of the auxiliary coating solution lowers so much becomes that their viscosity stability behavior is acceptable. Generally is the solids content of such an auxiliary coating solution does not exceed 60% the solids content of the main coating solution.
- the change in viscosity the main coating solution containing one or more colloidal compounds contains, caused by the destruction of colloidal stability, triggered by a change in pH or ionic strength, for example by diffusion of an acid or base from the auxiliary coating solution into the main coating solution to solidify.
- Film-forming binders used in films include, for example, polyurethanes, Polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic polymers, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, Polyethers, polyureas and mixtures thereof. In general these film-forming polymers show no thermoreversible solidification behavior.
- the binders must contain reactive groups, so that the viscosity by the solidification-promoting substance is increased.
- a preferred binder is polyvinyl alcohol.
- the solidification-promoting Substance a borate such as sodium tetraborate decahydrate or sodium borate, Boric acid, descendants of boric acid, boric anhydride and the like, which together with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder in the main coating solution be used.
- Further cross-linking or solidification Substances or thickeners can also be used to control the To further increase the viscosity of the solution containing the film-forming binder. Their effectiveness depends on the specific type of application and the type of application used Binder that is to be crosslinked.
- Possible cross-linking substances include aldehydes, dialdehydes, dihydroxydioxane, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, methylolmelamine, bifunctional or polyfunctional isocyanates, bifunctional or polyfunctional aziridines and epoxies, vinyl sulfones and triazines.
- Preferred nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds for the production of recording materials for inkjet printing are nanocrystalline, nanoporous oxides of aluminum or silicon or oxide hydroxides of aluminum, Mica or montmorillonite.
- nanocrystalline, nanoporous oxides are colloidal silicon dioxide or colloidal alumina, which is a particularly preferred oxide / hydroxide colloidal alumina hydroxide.
- nanocrystalline, nanoporous oxides or oxide hydroxides are pseudo-boehmite, colloidal ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 or pseudo-boehmite, the 0.4 to 4.2 mole percent of one or more elements of the rare earth group (atomic numbers 57 to 71 of the periodic table of the Contains elements) based on Al 2 O 3 , as described in patent applications EP 0'407'720, EP 0'875'394 and EP 1'162'076.
- colloidal silicon dioxide is used as the nanocrystalline, nanoporous oxide it is positively charged in the preferred case.
- the thickness of such layers in the dried state is normally between 2 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m. This means that the coating solution must be applied to the support in an amount between 40 g / m 2 and 300 g / m 2 .
- the susceptibility of the coating to faults caused by the hot air hitting the drying process is reduced by cooling the coated carrier to a temperature of 10 ° C. or less before drying, even if no binders with thermo-reversible behavior are used ,
- the auxiliary layer can be a component in recording materials for inkjet printing of a system consisting of different layers, which at least an ink-receiving layer having one or more binders and contains nanocrystalline, nanoporous metal oxides or oxide hydroxides, such as it is described, for example, in patent application EP 1'000'767.
- the auxiliary layer can be part of one of several Layers existing system, which is at least one electrically active Has layer that has one or more binders and nanocrystalline, nanoporous Transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides or their lithium inclusion compounds contains, as it is for example in the patent application EP 1'244'114 (prior art according to Article 54 (3) and (4) EPC).
- a wide variety of supports can be used to produce recording materials can be used for inkjet printing or electrically active films. They include, for example, plain or coated paper, polyolefin coated Papers, polymer films such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, Polyvinyl chloride, polyimide, polycarbonate or cellulose ester.
- Polyolefin coated papers and polyethylene terephthalate are preferred carriers for recording materials for inkjet printing.
- polyethylene terephthalate, Polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyimide and polycarbonate are preferred Carrier for electrically active films.
- the thickness of these supports varies between 50 microns and 500 microns, preferably between 75 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m.
- the carriers can optionally be antioxidants, antistatic Substances, plasticizers, dyes, pigments and others to the expert contain known compounds.
- the carrier Before the coating process first to coat with an adhesion-promoting substance or one Suspend corona discharge.
- an ink receiving layer is determined on at least one side of the support applied.
- Supervision recording materials have one opaque support, see-through recording materials a see-through support.
- a back layer can be applied to the back of the carrier the machine's ability to move, the flatness and the sliding properties to improve the recording material.
- the backing layer usually contains a binder and a filler.
- typical Fillers are amorphous and crystalline silicon dioxide, polymethyl methacrylate, Polystyrene beads, microcrystalline cellulose, zinc oxide, talc, barium sulfate, Titanium dioxide and the like.
- the amount of filler is by weight usually less than 10% of the amount of binder.
- the size of the particles is between 5 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m.
- Typical binders used in the backing are polymers such as acrylates, gelatins, methacrylates, polystyrene, acrylamides, Polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose derivatives and the like.
- the backing can optionally also contain an antistatic substance to the electrostatic To prevent charging of the recording material.
- An ink receiving layer can also be applied to the back if necessary.
- the ink-receiving layer contains a hydrophilic Binders, for example naturally occurring hydrophilic colloids such as gelatin, albumin, guar, xanthan, chitosan, starch and their descendants, modified resins and modified starch, cellulose ethers and their derivatives, Polyvinyloxazoline and polyvinylmethyloxazoline, polyoxides, polyethers, polyethyleneimines, Polyvinyl alcohol, derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers and
- hydrophilic Binders for example naturally occurring hydrophilic colloids such as gelatin, albumin, guar, xanthan, chitosan, starch and their descendants, modified resins and modified starch, cellulose ethers and their derivatives, Polyvinyloxazoline and polyvinylmethyloxazoline, polyoxides, polyethers, polyethyleneimines, Polyvinyl alcohol, derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers and
- Polyvinyl alcohol and its descendants are the ones preferred hydrophilic, liquid-absorbent binders in ink-receiving layers.
- Ink-receiving layers can also contain other additives, including therein Matting agent to improve lubricity and abrasion behavior the recording material; Wetting agent to improve uniformity the ink receiving layer and for adjusting the surface tension the dried material; Fluorescent dyes; pH regulating substances; Anti-foaming agent; Lubricant; Preservatives; dye-fixing substances; Viscosity adjuster; water-repellent substances; dispersant; UV absorbers; Mordants and the like.
- Matting agent to improve lubricity and abrasion behavior the recording material
- Wetting agent to improve uniformity the ink receiving layer and for adjusting the surface tension the dried material
- Fluorescent dyes to improve lubricity and abrasion behavior the recording material
- Wetting agent to improve uniformity the ink receiving layer and for adjusting the surface tension the dried material
- Fluorescent dyes to improve uniformity the ink receiving layer and for adjusting the surface tension the dried material
- Fluorescent dyes to improve uniformity the ink receiving
- an ink-permeable, ink-absorbing, anti-sticky layer of hydrophilic Cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, Hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or sodium carboxyethyl cellulose can be applied.
- Preferred nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds for the production of electrically active films are nanocrystalline, nanoporous transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides or their lithium inclusion compounds.
- TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , WO 3 , V 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , MnO 2 , HfO 2 , TiS 2 , WS 2 , TiSe 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O are particularly preferred 4 , RuO 2 , RuS 2 , MoS 2 , WS 2 , IrO 2 , CeO 2 , InO 2 , TaO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 , BaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 or indium tin oxides with specific surfaces between 10 m 2 / g and 400 m 2 / g.
- Lithium inclusion compounds such as LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiCoO 2 or Li (NiCo
- the electrically active films contain these nanocrystalline, nanoporous transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides or their lithium inclusion compounds in an amount between 1 g / m 2 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 3 g / m 2 and 50 g / m 2 . These amounts correspond to dry film thicknesses between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, or 3 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
- the amount of film-forming binder should be as small as possible, however nevertheless high enough to ensure good adhesion between the electrically active Layer and the carrier to achieve. Suitable amounts are by weight between 0.5% and 20% of the film-forming binder based on the total amount the nanocrystalline, nanoporous transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides or their lithium inclusion compounds.
- Electrically active films which are supported on at least one carrier are preferred have an electrically active layer and an electrically inactive layer above.
- the electrically inactive layer preferably contains a film-forming binder and an electrically inactive pigment.
- electrically active films in which the electrically inactive layer contains ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 as pigment and polyvinyl alcohol as binder, the ratio between binder and the electrically inactive pigment between 1: 5 and 1:40, in particular between 1:10 and 1:30 and the thickness is between 2 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m, in particular between 4 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m.
- the invention provides a method for manufacturing, coating and drying of solutions ready to use the nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds contain, the solidification-promoting influence of certain substances used to solidify the liquid films on the moving carrier accelerate immediately after the coating step, without an additional Coating step would be necessary and without viscosity instabilities, such as they normally occur when using substances that promote solidification.
- An advantage of the method according to the invention is that large amounts of the solidification-promoting Substance or substances in the auxiliary coating solution can be used.
- the viscosity of the main coating solution is constant, even if the properties of the end product promote these large amounts of solidification Condition substances.
- the concentration of the nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds in the main coating solution can be increased without resulting in unstable viscosity behavior results. The consequences are a lower dryer load or a higher one Coating speed for a given drying capacity.
- the present invention shows the unexpected advantage that the solidification of the applied layer is accelerated when cooling, if the solidifying Substance from the main coating solution into the auxiliary coating solution is transferred.
- This effect can be explained as follows: additives - with or without solidification-promoting properties - the coating solutions, which are the nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic Compounds usually contain as because of their limited solubility diluted, mostly aqueous solutions added.
- the removal of these additives from the main coating solution is therefore an effective measure to the concentration of the nanocrystalline, nanoporous inorganic compounds to increase in the main coating solution. This higher concentration increases the rate of solidification of the solutions, which are the nanocrystalline, nanoporous contain inorganic compounds, strong on cooling.
- the surface of the auxiliary layer is hardly disturbed when the hot drying air hits it and does not impair the properties of the end product, even if it is on top, has a low viscosity and would not solidify on cooling alone. This occurs when the amount of the auxiliary coating solution applied is less than 25 g / m 2 , preferably less than 20 g / m 2 .
- the invention thus provides a method according to claim 1 for coating a moving support available, in which the coated carrier has a particularly homogeneous surface even at high coating speeds and drying bouncing hot air and the number of coating defects is low.
- the process described can be used in the coating and drying industry existing classic systems are used, for example at the production of recording materials for ink jet printing or electrically active films.
- the carrier is in a carrier coating system guided over rollers around the casting roller, which the carrier when applying the Coating solutions with a suitable system supports.
- the order of the coating solutions can by means of suitable multilayer casting processes known to the person skilled in the art such as cascade casting, curtain casting or extrusion molding and similar processes. After the order of the liquid coating solutions, the coated carrier becomes a cooling zone and successive drying zones in which the solvent is removed from the layers.
- a first main coating solution for the preparation of the ink-receiving layer of an ink-jet recording material having the components shown in Table 1 was prepared.
- the amounts other than that of water are those of the applied and dried ink-receiving layers.
- Component (concentration) Quantity (g / m 2 ) Lanthanum-doped AIOOH (solid substance) 48,000 Lactic acid (90%) 0780 Polyvinyl alcohol A (10.0%) 1440 Polyvinyl alcohol B (7.5%) 2880 Plasticizer 1 (40%) 1440 Plasticizer 2 (50%) 0200 Wetting agent (3%) 0208 water 153752 Total 208700
- the lanthanum-doped AIOOH was prepared according to that in Example 1 of the patent application Process described EP 0'967'086.
- Polyvinyl alcohol A is mowiol 26-88
- polyvinyl alcohol B is Mowiol 56-98, both available from Omya AG, Oftringen, Switzerland
- plasticizer 1 is 1,1,1-tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, available at Fluka-Chemie, Buchs, Switzerland
- plasticizer 2 is glycerin
- the wetting agent is Triton X-100, available from Christ Chemie AG, Reinach, Switzerland.
- a second coating solution for the auxiliary layer with the components listed in Table 2 was prepared.
- the amounts, with the exception of those of the water, are those of the applied and dried auxiliary layer.
- Component (concentration) Quantity (g / m 2 ) Lanthanum-doped AIOOH (solid substance) 2000 Lactic acid (90%) 0032 Polyvinyl alcohol A (10.0%) 0060 Polyvinyl alcohol B (7.5%) 0120 Plasticizer 1 (40%) 0060 Plasticizer 2 (50%) 0010 Wetting agent (3%) 0020 Boric acid (5%) 0600 water 18098 Total 21,000
- a process caster was used to apply these solutions to a clear polyester support. Both layers were applied together on the carrier by means of the multi-layer curtain casting, the auxiliary coating solution being applied as the top layer. 208.7 g / m 2 of the main coating solution from Table 1 was applied to the support together with 21.0 g / m 2 of the auxiliary coating solution from Table 2. Immediately after coating, the coated support was held in a cooling zone at a temperature of 10 ° C for a predetermined time and then dried by blowing hot air at a speed of about 37 m / s through a system of nozzles. The residence time in the cooling zone (between the coating and the drying) was 20 seconds.
- a main coating solution for the preparation of another ink-receiving layer with the components listed in Table 3 was prepared.
- the amounts other than that of water are those of the applied and dried ink-receiving layers.
- Component (concentration) Quantity (g / m 2 ) Lanthanum-doped AIOOH (solid substance) 45,000 Lactic acid (90%) 0732 Polyvinyl alcohol A (10.0%) 1350 Polyvinyl alcohol B (7.5%) 2700 Plasticizer 1 (40%) 1015 Plasticizer 2 (50%) 0335 Wetting agent (3%) 0120 water 148748 Total 200000
- a coating solution for the auxiliary layer with the components shown in Table 4 was prepared. The amounts, with the exception of those of the water, are those of the applied and dried auxiliary layer. Component (concentration) Quantity (g / m 2 ) Plasticizer 2 (50%) 0335 Plasticizer (3%) 0011 Boric acid (5%) 0540 water 17114 Total 18,000
- Both layers were made as in Example 1 by means of multi-layer curtain casting applied together on the carrier, but now with a residence time in the cooling zone of 2 minutes.
- the quality of the applied layers was rated 2.
- the physical and imagewise properties of the recording material thus produced did not differ from the properties of the corresponding Recording material which is produced using a single coating solution, which contained the solidification-promoting substance boric acid was.
- the two-layer system from Example 1 was applied to the support under the same conditions, with the difference that the amount of boric acid in the auxiliary coating solution was reduced from 600 mg / m 2 to 150 mg / m 2 .
- the quality of the applied layer was poor and was rated 3 compared to Example 1, the nozzle strips were much more pronounced.
- the solidified layer was thus much less stable after cooling against disturbances caused by the impacting hot air.
- the viscosity of the coating solution increased due to the relatively high amount of boric acid over time.
- the lack of stability The coating solution led to the formation of aggregates after the coating caused further coating problems on the carrier.
- the quality of the applied layer was rated 3 with a cooling time of 2 minutes rated.
- the quality could be improved by extending the cooling time but the quality was consistently about one grade worse than in the example 2 with the same cooling and drying conditions.
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Description
| Bestandteil (Konzentration) | Menge (g/m2) |
| Lanthan-dotiertes AIOOH (Festsubstanz) | 48.000 |
| Milchsäure (90%) | 0.780 |
| Polyvinylalkohol A (10.0 %) | 1.440 |
| Polyvinylalkohol B (7.5 %) | 2.880 |
| Weichmacher 1 (40 %) | 1.440 |
| Weichmacher 2 (50 %) | 0.200 |
| Netzmittel (3 %) | 0.208 |
| Wasser | 153.752 |
| Total | 208.700 |
| Bestandteil (Konzentration) | Menge (g/m2) |
| Lanthan-dotiertes AIOOH (Festsubstanz) | 2.000 |
| Milchsäure (90%) | 0.032 |
| Polyvinylalkohol A (10.0 %) | 0.060 |
| Polyvinylalkohol B (7.5 %) | 0.120 |
| Weichmacher 1 (40 %) | 0.060 |
| Weichmacher 2 (50 %) | 0.010 |
| Netzmittel (3 %) | 0.020 |
| Borsäure (5 %) | 0.600 |
| Wasser | 18.098 |
| Total | 21.000 |
- 1 (am besten)
- keine Düsenstreifen sichtbar
- 2
- Düsenstreifen gerade sichtbar
- 3
- Düsenstreifen gut sichtbar
- 4
- scharf begrenzte Düsenstreifen und Querstörungen
- 5 (am schlechtesten)
- Schichten vom Träger weggeblasen
| Bestandteil (Konzentration) | Menge (g/m2) |
| Lanthan-dotiertes AIOOH (Festsubstanz) | 45.000 |
| Milchsäure (90%) | 0.732 |
| Polyvinylalkohol A (10.0 %) | 1.350 |
| Polyvinylalkohol B (7.5 %) | 2.700 |
| Weichmacher 1 (40 %) | 1.015 |
| Weichmacher 2 (50 %) | 0.335 |
| Netzmittel (3 %) | 0.120 |
| Wasser | 148.748 |
| Total | 200.000 |
| Bestandteil (Konzentration) | Menge (g/m2) |
| Weichmacher 2 (50 %) | 0.335 |
| Weichmacher (3 %) | 0.011 |
| Borsäure (5 %) | 0.540 |
| Wasser | 17.114 |
| Total | 18.000 |
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines bewegten Trägers mit einer Beschichtungslösung, die eine oder mehrere nanokristalline, nanoporöse anorganische Verbindungen und ein oder mehrere Bindemittel gewichtsmässig in einer Menge zwischen 2 % bis 30 % bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der nanokristallinen, nanoporösen anorganischen Verbindungen enthält, zusammen mit einer Hilfsbeschichtungslösung, welche mindestens eine erstarrungsfördernde Substanz enthält, welche die Erstarrung der Beschichtungslösung fördert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der beschichtete Träger unmittelbar nach dem Aufbringen der Beschichtungslösungen und vor der Trocknung auf eine Temperatur von 10° C oder weniger abgekühlt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtungslösung, welche die nanokristallinen, nanoporösen anorganischen Verbindungen enthält, zusammen mit der Hilfsbeschichtungslösung, welche die erstarrungsfördernde Substanz enthält, gemeinsam mittels Kaskadenguss oder Vorhangguss auf den bewegten Träger aufgebracht werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hilfsbeschichtungslösung als oberste Schicht des Schichtsystems angeordnet ist, welches die Schicht einschliesst, welche die nanokristallinen, nanoporösen anorganischen Verbindungen enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bindemittel kein thermoreversibles Erstarrungsverhalten besitzen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erstarrungsfördernde Substanz ein Härter, Borsäure oder ein Borat ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Träger unbeschichtetes oder beschichtetes Papier, durchsichtiger oder opaker Polyesterfilm oder ein faserförmiges Textilmaterial verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtungslösung, welche die nanokristallinen, nanoporösen anorganischen Verbindungen enthält, die Tintenaufnahmeschicht eines Aufzeichnungsmaterials für den Tintenstrahldruck bildet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als nanokristalline, nanoporöse anorganische Verbindung kolloidales Aluminiumoxid, kolloidales Aluminiumoxid-hydroxid oder deren Gemisch verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als nanokristalline, nanoporöse anorganische Verbindung kolloidales γ-Al2O3 oder Pseudo-Böhmit verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als nanokristalline, nanoporöse anorganische Verbindung kolloidales Aluminiumoxid-hydroxid oder Pseudo-Böhmit verwendet wird, welche 0.4 bis 4.2 Molprozent eines oder mehrerer Elemente der Gruppe der Seltenen Erden (Ordnungszahlen 57 bis 71 des Periodischen Systems der Elemente) bezogen auf Al2O3 enthalten.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als nanokristalline, nanoporöse anorganische Verbindung kolloidales Siliziumdioxid verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kolloidale Siliziumdioxid positiv geladen ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtungslösung, welche die nanokristallinen, nanoporösen anorganischen Verbindungen enthält, die elektrisch aktive Schicht eines elektrisch aktiven Films bildet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als nanokristalline, nanoporöse anorganische Verbindung TiO2, MnO2, Indium-Zinn-Oxid, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2, LiCoO2 oder Li(NiCo)O2 mit spezifischen Oberflächen zwischen 10 m2/g und 400 m2/g verwendet wird.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE50201681T DE50201681D1 (de) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines bewegten Trägers |
| EP02405550A EP1378369B1 (de) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines bewegten Trägers |
| AT02405550T ATE283767T1 (de) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Verfahren zur beschichtung eines bewegten trägers |
| JP2003175797A JP4498692B2 (ja) | 2002-07-01 | 2003-06-20 | 移動するウェブを被覆する方法及びそれにより製造された物品 |
| US10/611,752 US7172793B2 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2003-07-01 | Method for coating a moving web and articles made thereby |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02405550A EP1378369B1 (de) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines bewegten Trägers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1378369A1 EP1378369A1 (de) | 2004-01-07 |
| EP1378369B1 true EP1378369B1 (de) | 2004-12-01 |
Family
ID=29719806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02405550A Expired - Lifetime EP1378369B1 (de) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines bewegten Trägers |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7172793B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1378369B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4498692B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE283767T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE50201681D1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7727931B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2010-06-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalysts, activating agents, support media, and related methodologies useful for making catalyst systems especially when the catalyst is deposited onto the support media using physical vapor deposition |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1249533A1 (de) * | 2001-04-14 | 2002-10-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mehrschichtig beschichtetem Papier oder Pappe |
| US7473333B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2009-01-06 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Process for making coated paper or paperboard |
| US7364774B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2008-04-29 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Method of producing a multilayer coated substrate having improved barrier properties |
| AU2002337877A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-05-04 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | A method of producing a coated substrate |
| US20040121080A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-06-24 | Robert Urscheler | Method of producing a coated substrate |
| EP1605028B1 (de) * | 2003-03-13 | 2016-12-07 | Nichia Corporation | Lichtemittierender film, lumineszierende vorrichtung, verfahren zur herstellung eines lichtemittierenden films und verfahren zur herstellung einer lumineszierenden vorrichtung |
| US8062922B2 (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2011-11-22 | Global Solar Energy, Inc. | Buffer layer deposition for thin-film solar cells |
| US20100087015A1 (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2010-04-08 | Global Solar Energy, Inc. | Feedback for buffer layer deposition |
| JP7341877B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-29 | 2023-09-11 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | インクジェットヘッドの吐出検査方法 |
| CN113471397B (zh) * | 2020-03-15 | 2022-11-01 | 东莞格林德能源有限公司 | 一种在涂布工序增加锂离子电池负极片附着力的方法 |
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| JPH0717088B2 (ja) * | 1982-04-13 | 1995-03-01 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | 記録用シ−ト |
| JPS5985787A (ja) | 1982-11-09 | 1984-05-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 感熱記録紙 |
| US4877868A (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1989-10-31 | Neorx Corporation | Radionuclide antibody coupling |
| FR2598974B1 (fr) | 1986-05-20 | 1990-04-27 | Aussedat Rey | Feuille pour enregistrement par jet d'encre et procede pour sa preparation. |
| DE3629388A1 (de) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-03 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Verfahren zur haertung proteinartige bindemittel enthaltender schichten |
| US5104730A (en) | 1989-07-14 | 1992-04-14 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Recording sheet |
| JPH0737175B2 (ja) * | 1990-12-26 | 1995-04-26 | 日本製紙株式会社 | インクジェット記録紙及びそれを用いたラベル |
| EP0634286B1 (de) * | 1993-07-14 | 1997-03-19 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Beschichtungsflüssigkeit aus Aluminasol und Aufzeichnungsblatt |
| JP3980169B2 (ja) | 1997-05-02 | 2007-09-26 | イルフォード イメージング スウィツアランド ゲーエムベーハー | インクジェット印刷用記録シート |
| EP0967086B1 (de) | 1998-06-18 | 2001-03-21 | ILFORD Imaging Switzerland GmbH | Aufzeichnungsmaterialien für den Tintenstrahldruck |
| US6841609B2 (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2005-01-11 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Formulation suitable for ink receptive coatings |
| EP1000767B1 (de) | 1998-11-03 | 2001-08-29 | ILFORD Imaging Switzerland GmbH | Aufzeichnungsmaterialien für den Tintenstrahldruck |
| DE59911552D1 (de) * | 1999-04-30 | 2005-03-10 | Schoeller Felix Jun Foto | Ink-Jet-Aufzeichnungspapier mit Pigmentschichten |
| JP4159703B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-17 | 2008-10-01 | 株式会社リコー | 架橋樹脂膜を有する複合材料の製造方法及びその製造された複合材料 |
| JP2001001631A (ja) * | 1999-06-17 | 2001-01-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | インクジェット受像シートの製造方法 |
| JP2001096900A (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-10 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | インクジェット記録材料の製造方法 |
| US6419987B1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2002-07-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for providing a high viscosity coating on a moving web and articles made thereby |
| KR100461885B1 (ko) * | 2000-01-25 | 2004-12-14 | 닛폰 에어로실 가부시키가이샤 | 산화물 분말과 그의 제조 방법, 및 상기 분말을 사용한 제품 |
| EP1120281B1 (de) * | 2000-01-28 | 2006-05-24 | Oji Paper Company Limited | Tintenstrahlaufzeichnungsmaterial |
| JP2001277712A (ja) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-10-10 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | インクジェット記録体 |
| JP2001341412A (ja) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-12-11 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | インクジェット記録体 |
| JP4390381B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-01 | 2009-12-24 | 北越紀州製紙株式会社 | インクジェット記録用光沢紙 |
| EP1244114A1 (de) | 2001-03-20 | 2002-09-25 | ILFORD Imaging Switzerland GmbH | Elektrisch aktive Filme |
| JP3868314B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-11 | 2007-01-17 | 日本製紙株式会社 | インクジェット記録媒体及びその製造方法 |
-
2002
- 2002-07-01 EP EP02405550A patent/EP1378369B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-01 DE DE50201681T patent/DE50201681D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-01 AT AT02405550T patent/ATE283767T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-06-20 JP JP2003175797A patent/JP4498692B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-01 US US10/611,752 patent/US7172793B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7727931B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2010-06-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalysts, activating agents, support media, and related methodologies useful for making catalyst systems especially when the catalyst is deposited onto the support media using physical vapor deposition |
| US7989384B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2011-08-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalysts, activating agents, support media, and related methodologies useful for making catalyst systems especially when the catalyst is deposited onto the support media using physical vapor deposition |
| US8314048B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2012-11-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalysts, activating agents, support media, and related methodologies useful for making catalyst systems especially when the catalyst is deposited onto the support media using physical vapor deposition |
| US8618020B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2013-12-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalysts, activating agents, support media, and related methodologies useful for making catalyst systems especially when the catalyst is deposited onto the support media using physical vapor deposition |
| US8664148B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2014-03-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalysts, activating agents, support media, and related methodologies useful for making catalyst systems especially when the catalyst is deposited onto the support media using physical vapor deposition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7172793B2 (en) | 2007-02-06 |
| JP2004058053A (ja) | 2004-02-26 |
| ATE283767T1 (de) | 2004-12-15 |
| EP1378369A1 (de) | 2004-01-07 |
| JP4498692B2 (ja) | 2010-07-07 |
| US20040052953A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
| DE50201681D1 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
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