EP1375098B1 - Method and filling station for closing cores - Google Patents

Abstract

The filling point (1) has a filler bunker (8) and a conveyor belt (4) to supply underlays (5), on which at least one block (3) lies. A compression device (18, 19, 20) fills the cavity with filler, where it is shaken down during the filling and then compressed under the pressure supplied. The compression device may include a rotor.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a filling station for the automatic cavity filling of hollow blocks made of concrete with a filler container, in particular a storage bin, and a transport path for transporting documents, on each of which at least one object to be filled rests.

In order to increase the thermal insulation value of, for example, hollow concrete building blocks, the cavities of such hollow blocks are filled with a filler. For example, very light mineral substances are used as filling material, which have a granulate-like consistency and are mixed with an adhesive emulsion shortly before filling into the hollow blocks. The filler then cures together with the adhesive emulsion in the cavities of the concrete blocks.

The filling of cavities in such concrete blocks is sometimes done manually and is then associated with considerable expenditure of time. From the generic DE 30 37 409 A1 a method for producing a hollow block is known, the cavities are filled in its fresh, not yet fully cured state with a dry or fresh mortar, which optionally contain a lightweight aggregate and / or an air entrainment agent. The filling of the fresh hollow block is carried out in a device with a filling box, which is displaceable on a hole table on the hollow blocks, so that the mortar can trickle through the hole table in the hollow blocks. For a uniform filling of the hollow blocks with mortar vibrators are mounted on a lifting table.

With this known device, a targeted compression of the filler in the chambers of the hollow blocks is not possible, so that air pockets can form in the chambers. In addition, the filler may continue to sag in the chambers during curing, so that the hollow blocks are not completely filled.

In the EP 0 045 047 A A method and apparatus for producing a thermally insulated hollow block is described. For this purpose, a heat-insulating filling is introduced into chambers of the hollow block by means of a stuffing die or pneumatically. A similar procedure is also from the EP 0 026 945 A known.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a filling station of the type mentioned in order to introduce filler uniformly and in a short time with a defined degree of compaction in cavities of hollow blocks.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, according to which at least one cavity having a first object, which is according to the invention is a hollow block is fed to a filling station by means of a transport path, the at least one object by means of a relative movement to a Filler container is positioned vertically below the filler container, the filler is filled in at least one cavity of the at least one object with simultaneous shaking of the at least one object and further the at least one filled object from the filling station by means of the transport path is applied, wherein the filler in addition to the shaking during filling into the at least one cavity and subsequently compressed.

With this method, it is possible to fill one or more objects that have cavities, such as hollow blocks or the like, largely automated in a filling station and to compact the filler. By introducing and discharging the objects to be filled by means of the transport path, the transport of the objects to be filled can be carried out in a coordinated manner to the filling process. By shaking the objects having the cavities during the filling process, the filling and subsequent flow of the filler is facilitated. The simultaneous or subsequent Compacting the filler in the cavities ensures that the cavities in the articles are filled quickly and completely. Larger air pockets or subsequent sagging of the filler can be avoided and the object is completely filled up to its upper edge.

Preferably, the filler is filled under pressure into the at least one cavity by means of blades of a rotor positioned in the filler container. The filler is guided by Einweisschaufeln the rotor both within the filler container in the direction of the cavities, as well as pressurized, so that the filler is compressed in the cavities.

Alternatively or additionally, the filler may be compressed in the at least one cavity by means of a punch or the like. The punch is adapted in its geometry to the cavity, so that it can penetrate into these for compacting the filler. By means of, for example, a pneumatic or hydraulic lifting and lowering device, the stamp can apply a defined pressure to the filler in order to compact it. In addition to the pre-vibration during filling of the filler, vibration may also be caused by one or more vibrators during the pressing of the punch or the like.

In a further development of the concept of the invention, it is provided that objects having a plurality of cavities are filled simultaneously in one working cycle. This has the advantage that the process is feasible with higher throughput and therefore increased economy.

If the transport path is spaced in the vertical direction from the filler container, the filling station can be integrated into already existing production lines with a transport path. It may then be necessary that the at least one article for positioning below the filling container is lifted by a lifting table from the transport path vertically upwards.

It has been found to be advantageous that the level of filler in the filler container is monitored by a probe and filled at a drop below a predetermined level. This ensures that in the filler container always a sufficient amount of filler for the filling of cavities is kept in objects.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the filler container for filling the filler is moved into the at least one cavity by means of a displacement device on the at least one object and is removed after filling of the filler again from the at least one cavity having article, whereby a stamp on the at least one Subject is moved. The filling and compression takes place in two successive steps, wherein the respectively required tool - the filler container and the punch - are moved one after the other over the object or objects with the at least one cavity.

A working cycle lasts in the inventive method between 10 and 60 seconds, in particular between 15 and 30 seconds. At this frequency, a high throughput of objects to be filled and thus an economical use of the method is possible.

The object underlying the invention is further achieved with a filling station of the type mentioned above in that in the filling station, a compression device for pressurized filling of filler is provided in the at least one cavity. The cavities having objects, namely hollow blocks or the like., Are individually or in groups on documents, for example. Underlay palettes, by means of the transport path in the working cycle supplied to the filling station. By filling the filler under pressure, the inflow of the filler is facilitated in the cavities of the objects to be filled and at the same time the filler is compacted. In this way, it can be avoided that voids or the like arise due to inadequate filling of the cavities or that the cavities are not completely filled by subsequent sagging of the filler. Rather, the cavities of the objects to be filled, so for example. The chambers of a hollow block, completely filled up to the top of the article.

According to the invention, according to claim 9, the compacting device is formed by at least one rotor arranged in the filler container with guide vanes attached to support arms which convey the filler towards the at least one cavity. The filler is thereby filled under pressure into the cavities, for example. Chambers of a hollow block, and compacted in this.

A particularly advantageous construction of the filling station according to the invention provides that vertically above the transport track a die plate is detachably arranged, which has openings with a cavity of the at least one object to be filled corresponding hole distribution, and that through each opening of the die plate and / or spacer plates a channel is formed, whose cross section corresponds to that of the associated cavity. In this channel, in addition to the penetrating as a result of gravity into the cavity filler another layer of filler is added, which can nachsacken into the cavity. As a result of this additional amount of filler, the height reduction of the filler during the compression process can be compensated. The die plate can be made of metal, plastic or another suitable material. To change the thickness of the die plate and thus the capacity of the channels, the die plate can be exchangeably received in the filling station or be formed by a plurality of plates as spacer plates.

In this case, the compacting device may have a stamp with projections in a distribution corresponding to the cavities of the at least one object to be filled. The projections of the punch can be lowered with defined pressure into the channels of the die plate in order to press the filler received therein into the cavities.

Preferably, the punch is coupled to a lifting and lowering device for generating a static or adjustable Auflastdruckes on the filler in the cavities. Such a lifting and lowering device may, for example, be a hydraulic or pneumatic piston arrangement or a linear drive.

According to one embodiment of the filling station of the transport path is associated with a lifting table on which the pad with the at least one object of the transport path can be raised and positioned vertically below the filler container. The objects are pressed from below against the die plate. The filling station can be integrated in this way in existing production lines with a transport path by the filler container is arranged above the transport path and in the working cycle a pad with one or more objects to be filled by the lifting table is brought to the filler.

In addition, if at least one vibrator is integrated into the lifting table, the filler can be filled more uniformly into the cavities. The combination of the lifting table with the at least one vibrator ensures that a uniform distribution of the filler occurs not only during the filling process but also during the compression of the filler in the cavities.

Preferably, the filler container is associated with a probe for measuring the level of filler in the filler container. In this way, the level in the filler container can be monitored and new filler can be fed discontinuously if necessary. In this embodiment, the filling is ensured that not too much filler is kept in the filler, so that the adhesive emulsion is not already cured in the filler, on the other hand, however, always sufficient filler for filling the cavities is kept in the filler.

The filling and compression of the filler may be cyclically performed in two steps, when the filler container between a filling position vertically above the die plate and a closed position in a direction transverse to the transport direction of the transport path is displaceable. In its closed position, the filler container is closed by a metal sheet on its underside, on which it rests. By moving the filler container in the filling position whose underside is opened by the openings in the die plate, so that the filler can enter into the cavities. In the closed position of the filler container then, for example, a stamp can compress the filler defined.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Füllstation,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf die Füllstation nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf eine Füllstation nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform und

Fig. 4

in perspektivischer Ansicht einen befüllten Gegenstand.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of the filling station according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a plan view of the filling station after Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a plan view of a filling station according to another embodiment and

Fig. 4

in perspective view a filled object.

In Fig. 1 a filling station 1 for filling cavities 2 in articles 3 is shown. As an example of such items is in Fig. 4 a hollow block 3 shown in concrete, which has a plurality of slit-shaped chambers or cavities 2.

The filling station 1 is vertically above a in Fig. 1 arranged perpendicular to the plane of transport path 4, on which successively underlay palettes 5, on which the objects to be filled 3 are arranged, are conveyed. The transport path 4 can be part of a production line for producing the objects to be filled, that is, for example, an assembly line for hollow blocks. In the filling station 1, a lifting table 6 with at least one integrated vibrator 7 is positioned vertically below the base 5. Vertically above the base 5, a filler container 8 in the form of a storage bunker for receiving filler 9 is arranged in the filling station 1.

The Füllstoffbehälter 8 is a laterally closed and closed top, but open at the bottom box on rails 10 transverse to the transport direction of the transport path 4 between a closed position and one in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown filling position is movable. In its closed position, the filler tank 8 is in Fig. 1 moved to the left over a stationary closure plate 11, so that the open bottom of the filler container 8 is sealed by the closure plate 11. In Fig. 1 is schematically shown a drive 12 for moving the filler container 8 between its closed position and the filling position.

In a plane with the closure plate 11 is attached to this then above the transport path 4, a die plate 13 made of metal, plastic or the like. Soluble in the filling station 1. The die plate 13 has, in accordance with the cross-sectional shape and the number of cavities 2 in the objects to be filled 3 openings 14. The die plate 13 has such a great height that the openings 14 form channels therein, which open into the cavities 2 in the objects 3 to be filled.

In the filler container 8, as in FIG Fig. 2 indicated, a rotor 15 with three support arms, on each of which a Einweisschaufel 16 is attached, arranged for uniform distribution of the filler 9. The guide vanes 16 thereby convey the filler 9 in the direction of the die plate 13 and press it through the openings 14 into the cavities 2.

The embodiment according to Fig. 3 differs from the described filling station 1 in that in the filler container 8, two rotors 15 are arranged. This allows the guide vanes 16 to sweep a larger area without increasing the width of the filler tank 8. The filler 9 can thus be pressed better into the channels of the die plate 13.

About one in Fig. 1 At the top of the filler tank 8 arranged probe 17, the level of the filler 9 is monitored in the filler tank 8. Falls below a minimum level of filler 9 in the filler container 8, the filler container 8, as indicated by the arrow in FIG Fig. 1 indicated filler 9 are supplied.

On the in the FIGS. 1 to 3 right side of a punch 18 is shown schematically, which has a plurality of projections 19 having a cavity 2 and the openings 14 of the die plate 13 corresponding distribution. By means of a lifting and lowering device 20, the projections 19 with defined Pressure lowered or raised again. The punch 18 is displaceable together with the lifting and lowering device 20 in a plane above the die plate 13, so that the projections 19 can be inserted into the channels of the die plate 13 when the filler container 8 is moved to its closed position.

In the following, the method for filling cavities 2 in articles 3, such as, for example, hollow blocks made of concrete, explained. After molding and curing the articles 3 in a production line, not shown, these are individually or, as in Fig. 1 shown, fed in groups on the base 5 by means of the transport path 4 of the filling station 1. Once a pad 5 is positioned with one or more objects 3 through the transport path 4 below the die plate 13, the pad 5 is moved by the lifting table 6 in the vertical direction upwards, so that the top of the objects to be filled 3 rests against the die plate 13 , The openings 14 in the die plate 13 lie congruently over the cavities 2 in the objects 3 to be filled.

By the drive 12 is now the filler container 8, in the horizontal direction in his in the FIGS. 1 to 3 moved shown filling position. The filler 9 held in the filler container 8, for example a mixture of a light, granular mineral substance with an adhesive emulsion, enters the cavities 2 of the articles 3 to be filled through the openings 14 of the die plate 13. The rotor 15 generates with the Einweisschaufeln 16 a pressure that presses the filler 9 in the cavities 2. By the vibrator 7, the pad 5 is set with the objects 3 arranged thereon in vibration, so that the filling of the filler 9 is facilitated in the cavities 2 and the filler 9 is simultaneously pre-compressed in the cavities 2.

After the cavities 2 in the objects to be filled 3 and the channels in the die plate 13 are completely filled with filler 9, the filler container 8 is moved back by the drive 12 in the horizontal direction in its closed position. At the same time the punch 18 is moved over the die plate 13 and pressed the projections 19 by means of the lifting and lowering device in the channels formed by the openings 14, wherein also the at least one vibrator 7 can be actuated. As a result, the filler 9 is compressed in the cavities 2 defined by the additional amount of filler from the channels. By varying the thickness of the die plate 13, the degree of compression can be regulated.

The lifting table 6 now lowers the base 5 with the filled objects 3 placed thereon back onto the transport path 4, by means of which the base 5 with the filled objects 3 is discharged from the filling station 1, while at the same time a new base 5 with objects 3 to be filled is introduced into the filling station 1.

The consistency of the filler 9 in the filler container 8 is kept uniform by means of the rotor 15. The drop in the filler level in the filler container 8 is detected when the probe 17 drops below a presettable level, and fresh filler 9 can be supplied to the filler container 8.

According to this method, the filler 9 can be introduced evenly and in a particularly short time in the cavities 2 of the objects to be filled 3, since the vibration of the at least one vibrator 7 and the pressure generated by the rotor 15 facilitates the filling of the cavities 2 with filler 9 , Depending on the viscosity of the filler 9 and the size of the cavities 2 in the objects 3 to be filled, a working cycle may, for example, take between 10 and 60 seconds, in particular between 15 and 30 seconds.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

filling station

2

cavity

3

to be filled

4

transport path

5

document

6

Lift table

7

Jogger

8th

Füllstoffbehälter

9

filler

10

rail

11

Sealing sheet

12

drive

13

Matrizenblech

14

Opening / channel

15

rotor

16

Einweisschaufel

17

probe

18

stamp

19

head Start

20

Lifting and lowering device

Claims (16)

1. A method for automatically filling the cavities of hollow concrete blocks with a filler, comprising the following steps:

   a) supplying at least one hollow block (3) having a cavity (2) to a filling station (1) by means of a conveyor belt (4),

   b) positioning the at least one hollow block (3) vertically beneath a filler reservoir (8) by means of a relative movement of the at least one hollow block (3) and of the filler reservoir (8) towards each other,

   c) filling the filler (9) into at least one cavity (2) of the at least one hollow block (3) whilst simultaneously vibrating the at least one hollow block (3) and

   d) taking the at least one filled hollow block (3) out of the filling station (1) by means of the conveyor belt (4),

   characterised in that in addition to the vibration, the filler (9) is compressed while it is being charged into the at least one cavity (2) and subsequently by the application of pressure.
2. A method according to Claim 1,
   characterised in that the filler (9) is filled under pressure into the at least one cavity (2) by means of blades (16) of a rotor (15) positioned in the filler reservoir (8).
3. A method according to one of Claims 1 or 2,
   characterised in that the filler (9) is compressed in the at least one cavity (2) by means of a die (18) or the like, possibly at the same time as being vibrated.
4. A method according to one of the preceding Claims,
   characterised in that hollow blocks (3) having several cavities (2) are simultaneously filled in one work cycle.
5. A method according to one of the preceding Claims,
   characterised in that the at least one hollow block (3) is raised vertically upwards from the conveyor belt (4) by means of a lifting table (6) in order to be positioned under the filler reservoir (8).
6. A method according to one of the preceding Claims,
   characterised in that the level of the filler (9) in the filler reservoir (8) is monitored by a sensor (17) and is filled up when it drops beneath a predetermined level.
7. A method according to one of Claims 3 to 6,
   characterised in that the filler reservoir (8) for filling the filler (9) into the at least one cavity (2) is moved by means of a displacement device (10, 12) over the at least one hollow block (3) and after the filler (9) has been charged it is removed again from the hollow block (3) comprising at least one cavity (2), as a result of which a die (18) is moved over the at least one hollow block (3).
8. A method according to one of the preceding Claims,
   characterised in that each work cycle lasts between 10 and 60 seconds, in particular between 15 and 30 seconds.
9. A filling station for automatically filling the cavities of hollow concrete blocks according to a method according to one of the preceding Claims, having a filler reservoir (8), in particular a storage bin, and a conveyor belt (4) for transporting supports (5) on which in each case at least one hollow block (3) lies, and having a compression device (15, 16; 18, 19, 20) for filling filler (9) into the at least one cavity (2) under pressure,
   characterised in that the compression device comprises at least one rotor (15) disposed in the filler reservoir (8) and with blades (16) fixed to at least one bracket, which convey the filler (9) towards the at least one cavity (2).
10. A filling station according to Claim 9,
    characterised in that vertically above the conveyor belt (4) there is disposed a detachable die plate (13), which comprises openings (14) with a hole distribution corresponding to the cavities (2) of the at least one hollow block (3) to be filled,
    and in that a channel, the cross section of which corresponds to that of the associated cavity (2), is formed by each opening (14) of the die plate (13) and/or spacer plates.
11. A filling station according to one of Claims 9 or 10,
    characterised in that the compression device comprises a die (18) with projections (19) in a distribution that corresponds to the at least one hollow block (3) to be filled.
12. A filling station according to Claim 11,
    characterised in that the die (18) is coupled with a raising and lowering device (20) to produce a static or adjustable additional load on the filler (9) in the cavities (2).
13. A filling station according to one of Claims 9 to 12,
    characterised in that the conveyor belt (4) is associated with a lifting table (6), on which the support (5) with the at least one hollow block (3) can be raised from the conveyor belt (4) and can be positioned vertically beneath the filler reservoir (8).
14. A filling station according to Claim 13,
    characterised in that at least one vibrator (7) is integrated into the lifting table (6).
15. A filling station according to one of Claims 9 to 14,
    characterised in that a sensor (17) for measuring the level of the filler (9) in the filler reservoir (8) is associated with the filler reservoir (8).
16. A filling station according to one of Claims 10 to 15,
    characterised in that the filler reservoir (8) is displaceable between a filling position vertically above the die plate (13) and a closed position in a direction at right angles to the direction of transport of the conveyor belt (4).

Images