CZ20023689A3 - Method and filling station for closing cores - Google Patents

Abstract

The filling point (1) has a filler bunker (8) and a conveyor belt (4) to supply underlays (5), on which at least one block (3) lies. A compression device (18, 19, 20) fills the cavity with filler, where it is shaken down during the filling and then compressed under the pressure supplied. The compression device may include a rotor.

Description

A method of filling cavities and a filling device for carrying out this method

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for filling cavities in various articles, in particular to a method for automatically filling cavities in concrete blocks and the like with filler material, wherein at least one cavity article is fed to the filling device via a conveying path, whereupon at least one article is vertically positioned below. a filler container by means of relative movement of the at least one object and the container from which at least one cavity of at least one of the objects is filled with filler material while shaking at least one of these objects, which is then discharged from the filler device via performing this method.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

To increase the heat-insulating capacity of, for example, hollow concrete blocks, their cavities are filled with filler material. For example, very light mineral materials having a granular consistency are used as filler material and are mixed with the adhesive emulsion shortly before filling the cavities in the concrete blocks. The mixture of filler material and adhesive emulsion is then cured in the concrete block cavities.

The cavities of such concrete blocks are partially filled manually, which is time consuming. DE-A-30 37 409 discloses a process for the production of a block whose cavities are filled in a fresh and unhardened state with dry or fresh mortar, optionally containing a lightweight additive and / or an aerator. The filling of the fresh concrete block cavities is carried out in a device provided with a filling box sliding on a table provided with openings above the concrete block cavities so that the mortar can pass through these openings into the concrete block cavities. Vibrators are arranged on the table for uniform filling with mortar.

With this known device, however, it is not possible to achieve the desired compaction of the filler material in the concrete block cavities, since

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air bubbles may form. In addition, the filler material may further decrease during curing, so that the voids in the concrete blocks are not completely filled.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION f

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to overcome these disadvantages of the known solutions and to provide a method for filling and filling cavities in various articles and devices that would allow compaction of filler material and increase performance and economy of the process.

This object fulfills and eliminates the drawbacks of the known methods by filling the cavities in various articles, in particular a method of automatically filling cavities in concrete blocks and similar articles with filler material, wherein at least one cavity article is fed into the filling device via a conveying path. positioned vertically below the filler material container by relative relative movement of the at least one object and the container from which at least one cavity of at least one of the objects is filled with filler material while shaking at least one of these objects, which is then discharged from the filling device via conveyors According to the invention, the essence is that the filler material, in addition to the shaking process, is filled into at least one cavity and / or subsequently compacted under pressure during filling.

In this way, one or a plurality of cavity articles, such as cavity-provided concrete blocks and the like, can be automatically filled to a large extent in the filling device and the filling material compacted. The supply and removal of the objects whose cavities are to be filled can be coordinated with respect to the filling process by moving the conveying path. By shaking the cavity-provided objects as they are filled, the filling and contacting of the filler material is facilitated. Simultaneous or subsequent compaction of the filler material in the cavities ensures their rapid and complete filling. Larger air bubbles or an additional drop in filler level can thus be prevented and the article will completely fill up to its upper edge.

It is preferred that the filler material is pressurized into at least one cavity by means of rotor impeller blades arranged in the container. The filler material is guided by the rotor guide vanes in the space of the container towards the cavities and at the same time is loaded under pressure so that the filler material is compressed in the cavities of the objects.

Alternatively or additionally, the filler material may be compressed in at least one cavity by a device such as a punch, optionally shaking. The punch is adapted to the cavity by its geometry so that it can penetrate into the cavity in order to compact the filling material. The punch can apply the necessary pressure to the fill material by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic lowering and lifting device and thereby compress it. In addition to the pre-vibration that occurs during filling of the filler material, it is also possible during the insertion of a punch or the like to shake using one or more shaker devices.

According to the invention, a plurality of cavities in articles can be simultaneously filled in one work cycle. The advantage of this solution is that it increases the performance and economy of the whole process.

The conveying path may be spaced vertically from the filler container. In this case, the filling device can be integrated into existing production lines via a conveying path. It could then be desirable that at least one of the objects is lifted vertically upward from the conveyor path to position it below the filler container by means of a lifting table.

It has been found to be advantageous if the level of filler material in the container is controlled by a sensor, and when it falls below a set level, the container is replenished. This ensures that there is still sufficient fill material in the container to fill the cavities in the articles.

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According to the invention, it is advantageous if the filler container for filling the at least one cavity is moved over at least one object by means of a rail-closing device and at least one cavity, after filling with filler material, the container again moves away from the object with at least one cavity. moving the punch over at least one object. Thus, the filling and compacting takes place in two successive steps, in which the necessary tools - the filling material container and the punch - are successively moved over the object or objects with at least one cavity.

It is preferred that each operating cycle lasts from 10 to 60 s, in particular from 15 to 30 s. At this frequency, high filling performance is achieved as well as economical operation of the entire process.

The device according to the invention, comprising a filler container and a conveyor path for transporting backing plates for receiving at least one article with at least one cavity, is further comprising a compaction device for filling under pressure of at least one cavity in the article with filler material. Cavity articles, for example concrete blocks and the like, according to the invention, are fed individually or in groups by means of a conveying path in the working cycle on the support plates or on pallets to the filling device. The filling of the cavities with the filler material under pressure is facilitated by the flow of filler material into these cavities in the articles, wherein the filler material is simultaneously compacted. In this way, if the cavities are not filled sufficiently, bubbles or the like are prevented or the cavities are not completely filled as a result of the subsequent filling of the filler material. However, the cavities are mostly filled up to their upper edges.

The compaction device may be in the form of at least one rotor disposed in the filler material container, provided with guide vanes mounted on the at least one support arm for conveying the filler material in the direction of the at least one cavity. The filling material is filled under pressure into cavities, in particular of concrete blocks, and compacted therein.

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In a particularly preferred embodiment of the filling device according to the invention, a matrix is provided in a removable manner above the conveying path with holes arranged in alignment with the cavities of at least one of the objects to be filled, each hole of the matrix forming a channel whose cross section corresponds to the cross-section of its assigned cavity. This channel additionally receives, in addition to the filler material penetrating due to gravity, another layer of filler material which it can replenish. With this additional amount of filler material, the level of the filler material can be leveled and reduced during the compaction process. The matrix may be metal or plastic, or another suitable material. In order to change the thickness and thus to change the filling quantity of the channels, the matrix in the filling device can be arranged removably or can be formed from a set of plates arranged at a distance from one another.

The compaction device according to the invention may comprise a punch with press projections, the arrangement of which corresponds to the spacing of the cavities of at least one of the objects to be filled. The press punches of the punch can be lowered into the holes in the die at a defined pressure and thus the filling material contained therein can be pushed into the cavities.

According to the invention, the punch may be provided with a lowering and lifting device for exerting a static or adjustable load pressure on the filler material in the cavities of the article. Such a lowering and lifting device may, for example, be a hydraulic or pneumatic piston device or a linear drive device.

A lifting table may be associated with the conveyor track, on which a support plate for at least one object is adjustable, which is removable from the conveyor track and vertically positioned below the filler container. At the same time, the objects to be filled from below are pressed against the die. Consequently, the filling device can be integrated into existing production lines with a conveyor so that the filling material container is arranged above the conveying path and one or more others are fed to the filling container in the working cycle with the lifting table to fill the intended articles.

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At least one shaker can be additionally integrated in the lifting table. In such a case, the filler material may be filled more uniformly into the cavities of the articles. By combining the lifting table with the at least one shaker, it is ensured that not only during the filling, but also during the compacting of the filling material in the cavities of the article, a uniform distribution of the filling material occurs.

It is also advantageous if a sensor for measuring the level of filler material in the container is assigned to the filler container. By this measure, the filling level of the container can be controlled and, if necessary, the container can be replenished with additional filler material after stops. In this embodiment of the filling device, it is ensured that too much filler material is not retained in the container so that the adhesive emulsion will no longer cure in the container, but that sufficient filler material will still be available in the container to fill cavities in the article to be filled.

According to the invention, the filler container between the vertical fill position above the die and the closed position can be transversely displaceable with respect to the conveying direction of the conveying path.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic side view of a filling device according to a first exemplary embodiment; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the filling device of FIG. 1; 4 is a perspective view of an object with filled cavities.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a filling device 1 for filling cavities 2 in an object 3, such as the hollow concrete block shown in FIG. 4, having a plurality of slotted cavities 2.

The filling device 1 is arranged vertically above the conveying track 4, on which the plates 5 on which the objects are placed are displaceably arranged one behind the other.

3, whose cavities 2 are to be filled. The conveyor track 4 can be part of a production line for the production of articles 3 to be filled, for example, not for example of a hollow concrete block production line. In the filling device 1, a lifting table 6 with at least one integrated shaking device 7 is arranged vertically below the support plate 5. In the vertical direction above the support plate 5, a filling material container 9 is arranged in the filling device 1.

The filler container 8 is formed as a side-closed but above-opened but underside cabinet mounted on the rails 10 transversely with respect to the direction of movement of the conveyor track 4 between the closed position and the filling position shown in Figures 1 to 3 In its closed position, in FIG. 1, the container 8 is moved to the left over the stationary closing plate 11 so that the open lower side of the container 8 is sealed by the closing plate 11. FIG. 1 shows schematically the drive 12 of the filling material container 8 to the closing and filling positions.

The closing plate 11 is connected in the same plane above the conveyor track 4 by a matrix 13 made of metal or plastic, for example, which is removably fixed in the filling device I. The matrix 13 is provided with openings 14 corresponding to the cross section and the number of cavities 2 in articles. The die 13 has a height such that the openings 14 forming the channels opening into the cavities 2 in the articles 3 to be filled with the filling material 9 can be contained therein.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, in the filler container 8 a rotor 15 is arranged with three support arms each having at least one inserting blade 16 for uniform distribution of the filler material 9. The inserting vanes 16 convey the filler material 9 in the direction of the die 13 and press it holes 14 in cavities 2 in articles 3.

The embodiment of the filling device 1 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in that two rotors 15 are also provided in the filling material container 9, also provided with inserting vanes 16, which allow to overcoat a larger area without increasing the width of the container. Thus, the filler material 9 can be better pushed through the holes 14 in the die 13.

A sensor 17 is provided on the upper side of the container 8 for controlling the level of filler material 9 in the container 8. If the level of filler material 9 in the container 8 drops, it is replenished.

1 to 3 schematically shows a punch 18 which is provided with a plurality of press projections 19 which are spaced apart to correspond to the distribution of the cavities 2 in the articles 3 and the holes 14 in the die 13. The punch 18 is provided with a trigger and a lifting device 20 for lowering the press lugs 19 at a specified pressure or lifting them again. The punch 18, together with the lowering and lifting device 20, is displaceable above the plane of the die 13 so that the pressing lugs 19 can be introduced into the holes 14 in the die 13 when the filler container 8 is moved to the closed position.

Further, a method of filling cavities 2 in articles 3, such as hollow concrete blocks, is explained. After molding and curing of the articles 3, for example concrete blocks, on a production line (not shown), these articles 3 are individually or, as shown in groups in FIG. 1, transferred onto the support plates 5 to the filling device 1 via a conveying path 4. This conveying path 4 for aligning the support plate 5 with one or a group of objects 3 below the die 13, the support plate 5 is lifted upwards by means of a lifting table 6, so that the upper surface of the objects 3 to be filled rests on the die 13 The apertures 14 in this matrix 13 are in alignment with the inlets of the cavities 2 of the objects 3 to be filled.

The container 8 is then moved horizontally to the filling position shown in Figures 1 to 3 by means of the drive 12. The filler material 9 contained in the container 8, for example a mixture consisting of a light granular mineral material and an adhesive emulsion, enters the holes 14 of the matrix 13 into the cavities 2 items 3 to fill. In this case, the rotor 15 exerts, by means of the inserting vanes 16, the pressure by which the filler material 9 is pushed into the cavities 2. The shaking device 7 vibrates the support plate 5 with the objects 3 stored thereon, thereby facilitating filling

Thus, the filling material 9 in the cavities 2 and the filling material 9 is simultaneously pre-mixed in the cavities 2.

After the cavities 2 in the articles 3 as well as the holes 14 in the matrix 13 have been completely filled with filler material 9, the filler container 8 is returned to its closed position by means of its drive 12 in the horizontal direction. At the same time, the punch 18 is moved over the die 13 and the pressing projections 19 are pushed into the openings 14 by means of the lowering and lifting device, and at least one shaker 7 can also be actuated. from the apertures 14 to the required density. The degree of densification can be controlled by varying the thickness of the matrix 13.

Then, the lifting table 6 lowers the backing plate 5 with the filled objects 3 thereon onto the conveying path 4, which takes the backing plate 5 with the filled objects 3 out of the filling device L At the same time a new backing plate 5 with other objects 3 is introduced into the filling device. need to be filled.

The consistency of the filler material 9 in the container 8 is kept homogeneous by the rotor 15. The drop in the level of filler material 9 in the reservoir 8 below the set level is detected by means of a sensor 17, which allows further filler material 9 to be fed into the reservoir 8.

In this way, the filler material 9 can be fed uniformly and in a particularly short time into the cavities 2 of the articles 3 to be filled, since the vibration of the at least one shaker 7 and the pressure exerted by the rotor 15 facilitate filling of the cavities 2 with filler material 9. For example, the material 9 and the size of the cavities 2 in the articles 3, the working cycle can take 10 to 60 s, preferably 15 to 30 s.

Claims (15)

Method for filling cavities (2) in various articles (3), in particular a method for automatically filling and filling cavities (2) in concrete blocks and similar articles with filler material (9), wherein at least one cavity article (3) is fed ( 2) into the filling device (1) by means of a conveying path (4), after which at least one object (3) is positioned vertically below the container (8) of the filling material (9) by relative relative movement of the at least one object (3) and container ( 8), from which at least one cavity (2) of at least one of the objects (3) is filled with filling material (9) while shaking at least one of these objects (3), which is then discharged from the filling device (1) via conveying tracks (4), characterized in that, in addition to the shaking process during filling, the filler material (9) is introduced into at least one cavity (2) and / or subsequently compacted by means of pressure. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler material (9) is fed under pressure into at least one cavity (2) by means of guide vanes (16) of the rotor (15) arranged in the container (8). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filler material (9) is compressed in at least one cavity (2) by a device such as a punch (18) with simultaneous shaking. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of cavities (2) in the articles (3) are simultaneously filled in one work cycle. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the objects (3) is positioned by means of a lifting table (9) for positioning under the container (8) of the filler material (9). 6) lift vertically up from the conveyor track (4). «· • · Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the level of filler material (9) in the container (8) is controlled by a sensor (17), and when the container (8) drops below the set level. Method according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the filling material container (8) for filling the at least one cavity (2) is moved above the sliding device formed by the rail (10) and the closing plate (12). at least one object (3) and after it has been filled with filler material (9), the container (8) again moves away from said object (3) with at least one cavity (2), thereby moving the punch (18) over the at least one object (3) ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each operating cycle lasts 10 to 60 s, in particular 15 to 30 s. A filling device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising a container (8) of filling material (9) and a conveying path (4) for transporting the support plates (5) for receiving at least one object (3) with at least one cavity (2). characterized in that it further comprises a compacting device for pressurizing the at least one cavity (2) in the article (3) with the filler material (9). Filling device according to claim 9, characterized in that the compaction device consists of at least one rotor (15) arranged in the container (8) and provided with guide vanes (16) mounted on at least one support arm for conveying the filling material (9). ) in the direction of the at least one cavity (2). Filling device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that a matrix (13) provided with holes (14) arranged in alignment with the cavities (2) at least vertically is arranged above the conveying path (4) in a removable manner. -12 one of the articles (3) to be filled, wherein each aperture (14) of the die (13) forms a channel whose cross-section corresponds to that of its associated cavity (2). Filling device according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the compaction device comprises a punch (18) with pressing projections (19), the arrangement of which corresponds to the arrangement of the cavities (2) of at least one of the articles (3) to be filled. Filling device according to claim 12, characterized in that the punch (18) is provided with a lowering and lifting device (20) for exerting a static or adjustable load pressure on the filling material (9) in the cavities (2) of the article (3). Filling device according to one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that a lifting table (6) is associated with the conveying track (4) on which a support plate (5) for at least one object (3) which is made of conveying tracks removable and vertically positioned under the filler container (8) · Filling device according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one shaker (7) is integrated in the lifting table (6). Filling device according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that a sensor (17) for measuring the level of the filling material (9) in the reservoir (8) is associated with the filler container (8). Filling device according to one of Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the filling material container (8) is transversely displaceable transversely with respect to the conveying direction of the conveying path (4) between the vertical filling position above the die (13) and the closed position.