EP1369498B1 - Procédé et appareil de dépôt par pulvérisation thermique à grand vitesse - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de dépôt par pulvérisation thermique à grand vitesse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1369498B1
EP1369498B1 EP03011231A EP03011231A EP1369498B1 EP 1369498 B1 EP1369498 B1 EP 1369498B1 EP 03011231 A EP03011231 A EP 03011231A EP 03011231 A EP03011231 A EP 03011231A EP 1369498 B1 EP1369498 B1 EP 1369498B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
powder tube
nozzle body
spraying device
laval
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03011231A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1369498A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Heinrich
Heinrich Dr. Kreye
Thorsten Stoltenhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP1369498A1 publication Critical patent/EP1369498A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1369498B1 publication Critical patent/EP1369498B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a coating or a molded part by means of high-speed flame spraying, in which the pulverulent spray particles are injected into a flame jet of combustion gases by means of a powder tube and the spray articles at a relaxation of the flame jet in a Laval nozzle at speeds of up be brought to 800 m / sec.
  • US 55 20 334 shows a device according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • high-pressure combustion In high-velocity flame spraying, high-pressure combustion generates a jet of flame in excess of 2000 m / s and injects the powder into this jet.
  • a fuel gas or kerosene and oxygen is passed into the high-pressure combustion chamber of the spray gun.
  • the fuel gases used are propane, propylene, hydrogen, ethene and acetylene.
  • the combustion takes place at a pressure of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa or 0.5 to 1.5 MPa.
  • Spray guns operating in the lower of said pressure ranges are attributed to the first and second generations, while the spray guns are attributed to the high pressure range of the third generation.
  • the flame jet reaches its high speed through expansion.
  • Laval nozzle In the first and second generation, the expansion takes place at the outlet of the spray gun.
  • the spray particles reach speeds in the range of about 400 to 500 m / s.
  • the expansion nozzle is located directly behind the High-pressure combustion chamber. Particle velocities ranging from 600 to 800 m / s are achieved.
  • Laval nozzles consist of a convergent and a downstream divergent section. The contour of the nozzle must be shaped in the divergent area in a certain way, so that it does not come to flow separation and no compression shocks occur and the flow of the laws according to de Laval obeyed.
  • Laval nozzles are characterized by this contour and the length of the divergent section and furthermore by the ratio of the outlet cross section to the narrowest cross section. The narrowest cross-section of the Laval nozzle is called nozzle throat.
  • the injection of the spray particles into the flame jet is solved differently.
  • the powder is injected axially and centrally into the high-pressure combustion chamber.
  • the injection is also either axial and centric, or else the powder is injected radially into the already expanding flame jet behind the nozzle throat. If the powder is already injected in the high-pressure combustion chamber, the spray products reach significantly higher temperatures than when injected behind the nozzle throat.
  • the spray guns with powder feed into the combustion chamber are therefore only suitable for heat resistant materials, such as ceramics, while spray guns with radial spray particle delivery at the gun exit can also be used to spray low melting temperature materials such as aluminum and copper alloys.
  • the radial injection of the spray particles causes an uneven acceleration of the same size spray particles and thus different end velocities of these spray particles.
  • different speeds of the spray particles when hitting the workpiece lead to irregularities and faulty locations in the coating.
  • the nozzle walls erode at the location that is on the opposite side of the spray particle inlet. This increases the wear of the already heavily loaded expansion nozzle and thus worsens the economics of the process.
  • the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for high-speed flame spraying, which is the injection of the spray particles only outside the hot combustion chamber and avoiding the mentioned disadvantages of non-uniform acceleration and the Düsenwanderosion performs.
  • This object is achieved in that the injection of the spray particles takes place in the divergent section of the Laval nozzle.
  • the axial and centric injection of the spray particles ensures a uniform acceleration of the spray particles. Since the spray particles are injected in the center of the flame jet, all particles experience almost the same acceleration forces and thus reach almost the same final velocity. Consequently, the coatings and moldings produced by the method according to the invention are of very high quality.
  • erosion of the inner nozzle wall is avoided by the axial and centric spray particle injection, since the spray particles are injected in the direction of the flame jet and are guided by this straight ahead in the injection direction. Furthermore, turbulence and turbulence are minimized by this injection, and thus results in an optimal acceleration of the spray particles.
  • the passage for the flame jet at the narrowest point has an annular cross-section. This is limited inwardly by the outer contour of the powder tube and outwardly bounded by the inner contour of the nozzle tube. In this passage, the flame jet is accelerated. Due to the size of the passage of the consumption of combustion gases and thus fuel and oxygen is also given. Since the annular cross-section can be chosen small without problems, the method proposed here is economically applicable.
  • the high-speed flame spraying device is characterized in that the powder tube inside the outer nozzle body ends axially and centrally in the divergent section.
  • the inventive arrangement of the powder tube minimizes the erosion of the outer nozzle body, since the flow direction of the flame jet is taken into account in the arrangement of the flame jet and the spray particles have no velocity component in the direction of the outer nozzle wall during the injection.
  • the high-speed flame spraying device also dictates the conditions for optimum acceleration of the spray particles through the centric arrangement of the powder tube. Even disturbing turbulence and turbulence largely prevents the arrangement according to the invention.
  • the powder tube ends only in the divergent portion of the outer nozzle body it is possible to use with the high-speed flame spraying device also easily fusible spray particles, which can not stand the great heat in the combustion chamber. Also for heat-resistant spray particles, it is advantageous if they do not overheat or melt too much.
  • the inner shape of an outer nozzle body together with the outer shape of a coaxially arranged in the outer nozzle body, oriented in the direction of injection powder tube yield a Laval nozzle.
  • a Laval nozzle is easy to manufacture, since the inner contour of the outer nozzle body and / or the outside of the powder tube is to be finished by the construction according to the invention.
  • the inside powder tube has on its outside a contour designed in such a way that, together with a smooth, cylindrical inner contour of the outer nozzle body results in a Laval nozzle.
  • a Laval nozzle results from an inside powder tube with a smooth cylindrical outer side and outer nozzle body, which is shaped accordingly on its inside.
  • the Laval nozzle is formed in another way in that the necessary contour for the Laval nozzle is partially applied to the outside of the powder tube and partly on the inside of the outer nozzle body.
  • the opening ratio of the Laval nozzle i. the ratio of the cross-sectional area for the gas passage at the narrowest point to the cross-section at the outlet of the nozzle, in an advantageous embodiment between 1: 2 and 1:25, preferably between 1: 5 and 1:11.
  • the outer nozzle body in the convergent region has an annular cross section, which merges into a rectangular cross section in the divergent region of the nozzle.
  • both the powder tube and the outer nozzle body each consist of a metallic material, a ceramic or a composite material with metallic or ceramic components.
  • Powder tube and nozzle body consist in an advantageous embodiment of different materials.
  • different metal alloys, different ceramics, plastics or a combination of different materials e.g. Metal / ceramic, metal / plastic, ceramic / plastic.
  • the outer nozzle body is made of metal, while the inner powder tube is made of ceramic.
  • Powder tube and / or outer nozzle body are in an advantageous variant of - viewed in the flow direction - two or more parts joined, in which the first part comprises the area around the nozzle neck and a second reaching to the nozzle exit part connects thereto.
  • the second part is easy to replace and is selected in terms of its shape and choice of materials according to the requirements of the different spray materials.
  • the two aforementioned parts advantageously consist of different materials.
  • FIG. 1 shows the principle of the expansion nozzle. This principle is used, for example, in the JP-5000 system, which belongs to the third generation of high-speed flame-spraying devices.
  • the high-pressure combustion chamber 3 adjoins the feed tube 4, followed by the Laval nozzle 5 with the nozzle constriction and the end piece 6, into which the powder tubes 2 lead.
  • Kerosene and oxygen pass through the supply pipe 4 into the high-pressure combustion chamber 3, where the two substances react with one another.
  • the combustion gases form a flame jet which is accelerated to supersonic speed by expansion in the Laval nozzle 5.
  • the powder is injected with two powder tubes radially into the flame jet.
  • the high-speed flame spraying device shown schematically in Figure 2 comprises a Laval nozzle 5 with an outer nozzle body 1, a powder tube 2, a high-pressure combustion chamber 3 and two supply pipes 4. Through the supply pipes 4 enter fuel gas and oxygen in the high-pressure combustion chamber 3, where the chemical reaction takes place. Kerosene can be used instead of the fuel gas.
  • the powder gases 2 expand in the adjoining the high-pressure combustion chamber Laval nozzle 5.
  • the powder tube 2 terminates only in the convergent section of the Laval nozzle 5.
  • the outer surface of the powder tube 2 and the inner surface of the outer nozzle body 1 according to the invention designed such that the expansion nozzle 5 the Laws after de 'Laval obeys.
  • FIG. 3 shows three particularly advantageous embodiments of a high-speed flame spraying device according to the invention with outer nozzle body 1 and powder tube 2, with particular reference being made to the design of the powder tube 2 and the outer nozzle body 1.
  • the powder tube 2 is surrounded by the outer nozzle body 1 in each case.
  • the combination of the inner contour of the outer nozzle body and the outer shape of the powder tube result a Laval nozzle.
  • Fig. 3a results in a smooth, cylindrical inner shape of the outer nozzle body together with an outwardly curved outer contour of the powder tube, the Laval nozzle.
  • the powder tube is cylindrically shaped and the outer nozzle body swung in its inside. Nozzle body and powder tube are so curved in Fig. 3c, so that the necessary for the Laval nozzle contour results from the combination of the shapes of the outside of the powder tube and the inside of the outer nozzle body.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de production d'un revêtement ou d'un préformé au moyen d'une pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse, dans lequel des particules pulvérisées sous forme de poudre sont injectées dans un jet enflammé de gaz de combustion et les particules pulvérisées sont amenées à des vitesses allant jusqu'à 800 m/s quand le jet enflammé est relâché par une tuyère de Laval, et les particules pulvérisées sont injectées de manière axiale et centrée, caractérisé en ce que l'injection des particules pulvérisées a lieu dans la section divergente de la tuyère de Laval.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les particules pulvérisées sont injectées dans le jet enflammé au moyen d'un tube à poudre disposé de manière coaxiale dans un corps extérieur de la tuyère, orienté dans le sens de la pulvérisation, le tube à poudre dans sa forme extérieure donnant avec la forme intérieure du corps extérieur de la tuyère une tuyère de Laval.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'injection des particules pulvérisées a lieu a un endroit qui se trouve dans la région comprise entre un quart et la moitié d'une distance dont le point de départ est fixé par la gorge de la tuyère et le point d'arrivée par la sortie de la tuyère, la mesure étant effectuée à partir de la gorge de la tuyère.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le passage pour le jet enflammé a, à l'endroit le plus étroit, une section transversale en forme d'anneau circulaire qui est limitée vers l'intérieur par le contour extérieur du tube à poudre et est limitée vers l'extérieur par le contour intérieur du tube de la tuyère.
  5. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse avec une tuyère de Laval constituée d'un corps (1) extérieur de la tuyère et d'un tube à poudre (2), le tube à poudre veillant à l'amenée de particules pulvérisées à l'intérieur du corps extérieur de la tuyère, caractérisé en ce que le tube à poudre se termine à l'intérieur du corps extérieur de la tuyère de manière axiale et centrée dans la section divergente de la tuyère de Laval.
  6. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la forme intérieure d'un corps extérieur de la tuyère donne avec la forme extérieure d'un tube à poudre disposé de manière coaxiale dans le corps extérieur de la tuyère, orienté dans le sens de la pulvérisation une tuyère de Laval.
  7. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le tube à poudre se trouvant à l'intérieur a sur son côté extérieur un contour réalisé de manière à donner avec un contour intérieur cylindrique lisse du corps extérieur de la tuyère une tuyère de Laval.
  8. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le tube à poudre se trouvant à l'intérieur a un côté extérieur cylindrique lisse et le corps de la tuyère se trouvant à l'extérieur est formé sur son côté intérieur de manière à donner une tuyère de Laval.
  9. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le contour nécessaire pour une tuyère de Laval est apporté en partie sur le côté extérieur du tube à poudre et en partie sur le côté intérieur du corps extérieur de la tuyère.
  10. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le rapport d'ouverture de la tuyère de Laval, c'est-à-dire le rapport de l'aire de la section transversale pour le passage du gaz à l'endroit le plus étroit à la section transversale à la sortie de la tuyère, est compris entre 1 : 2 et 1 : 25, de préférence entre 1 : 5 et 1 : 11.
  11. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le corps extérieur de la tuyère a dans la région convergente une section transversale en forme d'anneau circulaire qui se transforme à proximité de la gorge de la tuyère ou dans la région divergente de la tuyère en une section transversale rectangulaire.
  12. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon l'une des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le tube à poudre et le corps extérieur de la tuyère sont constitués respectivement d'un matériau métallique, d'une céramique ou d'un matériau composite avec des composants métalliques ou céramiques.
  13. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon l'une des revendications 6 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le tube à poudre et le corps extérieur de la tuyère sont constitués de matériaux différents.
  14. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon l'une des revendications 5 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le tube à poudre et / ou le corps extérieur de la tuyère - vus dans le sens d'écoulement - sont assemblés à partir de deux pièces ou plus dont la première pièce comprend la région autour de la gorge de la tuyère et une deuxième allant jusqu'à la sortie de la tuyère s'y raccorde, la deuxième pièce étant facilement remplaçable.
  15. Dispositif de pulvérisation thermique à haute vitesse selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les deux pièces sont constituées de matériaux différents.
EP03011231A 2002-05-22 2003-05-16 Procédé et appareil de dépôt par pulvérisation thermique à grand vitesse Expired - Lifetime EP1369498B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10222660A DE10222660A1 (de) 2002-05-22 2002-05-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen
DE10222660 2002-05-22

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EP1369498A1 EP1369498A1 (fr) 2003-12-10
EP1369498B1 true EP1369498B1 (fr) 2004-12-22

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Country Status (4)

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US (1) US6972138B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1369498B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE285483T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10222660A1 (fr)

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FR2802844B1 (fr) * 1999-12-23 2002-03-29 Biodecap Ind Buse de projection et dispositif de decapage muni de celle-ci
DE10126100A1 (de) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2465963C2 (ru) * 2007-10-24 2012-11-10 ЗУЛЬЦЕР МЕТКО(ЮЭс) ИНК. Устройство и способ улучшенного смешивания при осевой инжекции в пистолете-термораспылителе
DE102012000816A1 (de) 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spritzen
EP2617868A1 (fr) 2012-01-17 2013-07-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation thermique

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DE10222660A1 (de) 2003-12-04
US20040018317A1 (en) 2004-01-29
EP1369498A1 (fr) 2003-12-10
ATE285483T1 (de) 2005-01-15
US6972138B2 (en) 2005-12-06
DE50300212D1 (de) 2005-01-27

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