EP1366642A1 - Keramik-kochfeld - Google Patents
Keramik-kochfeldInfo
- Publication number
- EP1366642A1 EP1366642A1 EP02722099A EP02722099A EP1366642A1 EP 1366642 A1 EP1366642 A1 EP 1366642A1 EP 02722099 A EP02722099 A EP 02722099A EP 02722099 A EP02722099 A EP 02722099A EP 1366642 A1 EP1366642 A1 EP 1366642A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- ceramic
- hotplate
- layers
- ceramic hob
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ceramic hob with a hotplate made of glass ceramic or glass with an electrical heating conductor layer, and with an insulating layer between the hotplate and the heating conductor layer.
- Such a ceramic hob is known, for example, from DE 31 05 065 C2 or from US 6 037 572.
- the known ceramic cooktop has a hotplate made of glass ceramic, on the underside of which an earthed metal layer is sprayed, onto which an insulating layer made of aluminum oxide is sprayed.
- a heating conductor is applied to the underside of the ceramic insulating layer by means of a printing technique.
- the insulating layer between the heating conductor layer and the hotplate is necessary because a glass ceramic, such as Ceran ® , has an NTC characteristic, which means that the electrical conductivity increases noticeably as the temperature rises.
- the electrical insulating layer must therefore have a dielectric strength of around 3,750 volts at operating temperatures in order to ensure the necessary operational safety in accordance with VDE.
- the ceramic insulating layer with a considerable layer thickness, for example approximately 200-500 micrometers when using Al 2 0 3 as an insulating layer.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing an improved ceramic hob in which the layer composite has high stability in long-term operation and at the same time the necessary dielectric strength of the insulating layer is ensured.
- the insulating layer consists of a plurality of layers which have a porosity which decreases towards the heating conductor layer.
- the object of the invention is completely achieved in this way. It has been shown that by the special use of such graded layers, a gradual adaptation of the thermal expansion coefficient to the thermal expansion coefficient of glass ceramic can be achieved. A higher porosity leads to a reduction in the modulus of elasticity and thus to an improved stress tolerance to thermal stresses. A better tolerance to voltages can thus be achieved by dividing the insulating layer into at least two individual layers, the first of which is in contact with the hotplate with a higher porosity and the second with a lower porosity facing the heating conductor layer. In particular, the risk of crack formation is avoided even with a greater overall thickness of the insulating layer. At the same time, there is good stability of the entire layer composite guarantees the strongly fluctuating temperature conditions during the operation of such a ceramic hob.
- the individual layers of the insulating layer are preferably produced by thermal spraying.
- the different porosities of the individual layers can be generated by different powder qualities or by using different burners, preferably by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), or by varying the process parameters during the coating process.
- APS atmospheric plasma spraying
- an electrically conductive intermediate layer which is preferably earthed, can be provided between the insulating layer and the hotplate.
- this electrically conductive intermediate layer consists of a cermet or an electrically conductive ceramic. While good electrical conductivity is ensured by a cermet with a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion at the same time, the use of an electrically conductive ceramic, such as that produced from Ti0 2 by oxygen depletion during thermal spraying, offers the particular advantage of good chemical compatibility and adhesion the surface of the hotplate with an even lower coefficient of expansion than a cermet.
- the electrically conductive intermediate layer is also preferably produced by thermal spraying.
- the ceramic insulating layer can have a lower dielectric strength, about 1,500 volts being sufficient in the cooking mode.
- a fuse known per se is triggered during the electrical breakdown from the heating conductor to the hotplate as a result of its grounding.
- the layers take up a decreasing area towards the heating conductor layer.
- the layers are preferably centered with respect to one another, in particular arranged concentrically with one another. A gradual, steady transition in the edge area to the adjacent layer avoids tensions in the edge area.
- Such a layout prevents the peripheral layers from detaching from the adjacent layers under the influence of thermal stresses.
- the formation of the layers as circular layers has proven to be particularly advantageous since the thermally induced voltages during operation are the least. In addition, however, it is also possible, depending on the application, to use differently shaped layers, for example square or oval layers. If the hob has several hotplates, for example 4 hotplates, the insulating layer and the associated other layers are preferably only in the area of the respective hotplate in order to keep the total voltages as low as possible.
- the individual layers of the insulating layer preferably consist of aluminum oxide, which has particularly good adhesion and particularly good dielectric strength.
- layers of mullite, cordierite, aluminum oxide with additions of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or mixtures of zirconium oxide and magnesium oxide are conceivable.
- Mullite and cordierite have the advantage of a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, but do not have as good adhesion to a glass ceramic surface as aluminum oxide.
- an adhesion promoter layer which consists, for example, of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or mixtures thereof, would preferably have to be sprayed onto the surface of the glass ceramic before the insulating layer of mullite or cordierite can be sprayed on.
- the hotplate has on its side facing the heating conductor layer an annularly closed recess which runs in the vicinity of the edge region of the layer sprayed onto the hotplate. This measure also contributes to reducing tensions in the edge area.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a first embodiment of a ceramic hob according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a slightly modified embodiment of a ceramic hob according to the invention compared to the embodiment of FIG. 1.
- a ceramic hob according to the invention is generally designated by the number 10.
- the ceramic hob 10 has a hotplate 12 made of glass ceramic, such as Ceran® from Schott, which is flat and is used to hold cooking vessels.
- the underside of the hotplate 12 is provided at the points at which heating is to be made possible with an insulating layer, designated as a whole by the number 14, on the underside of which a heating conductor layer 22 is applied.
- such a ceramic hob 10 can have a plurality of hotplates, such as four hotplates for household use. However, only a single hotplate is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- 1 consists of three sub-layers 16, 18, 20, each of which is applied to the hotplate 12 or the layer underneath by thermal spraying.
- the individual layers 16, 18, 20 are preferably circular and have a decreasing surface toward the heat conductor layer 22, the individual layers 16, 18, 20 being arranged concentrically with one another.
- the individual insulating layers 16, 18, 20 can consist, for example, of aluminum oxide and each have a porosity that decreases from the hotplate 12 in the direction of the heating conductor layer 22.
- the first partial layer which is applied to the surface of the hotplate by thermal spraying, could have a porosity of the order of 15 to 20 percent by volume have, while the subsequent sub-layer 18 could have a porosity of about 5 to 10 percent by volume and the last sub-layer 20 could have the lowest possible porosity, about 1% or less.
- All of the layers 16, 18, 20 are applied by thermal spraying (preferably atmospheric plasma spraying).
- the total thickness of the insulating layer 14 when using aluminum oxide is up to about 500 micrometers.
- the hotplate 12 is not pretreated by the usual roughening, since this would lead to damage to the glass ceramic surface, but only cleaned, e.g. degreased with acetone.
- a heating conductor layer 22 is produced on the underside of the lowermost partial layer 20 of the insulating layer 14.
- This heating conductor layer 22 contains a meandering winding heating conductor 24 which can be produced in a conventional manner, for example by a screen printing method.
- a thermal spraying process in connection with a masking process can be used to produce the heating conductor 24, which has advantages over the conventional production by a screen printing process, since in the screen printing process the metallic conductors usually have a glassy portion of more than 5%, so that the flow temperatures can be reduced in the case of layer penetration. However, this glass portion reduces the metallic, conductive portion of the sub-segments of the respective conductor track.
- the conductor track which has a locally increased proportion of glass, has an area with a higher resistance, which can possibly lead to overheating and material failure when the current flows through.
- laser spraying also offers particular advantages, since it can be used to produce webs particularly well.
- the individual insulating layers 16, 18, 20 preferably consist of aluminum oxide, with which particularly good adhesion can be achieved on the surface of the hotplate 12. At the same time, aluminum oxide has good dielectric strength.
- the graded structure with the porosities decreasing towards the heating conductor layer 22 eliminates the problems caused by thermally induced stresses, which are caused by differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of approximately 8.0 at 10 ⁇ 6 K "1 for Al 2 0 3 and of approximately ⁇ 0.15 x 10 "6 K " 1 for Ceran ® , significantly reduced.
- cordierite (2MgO »2Al 2 0 3 « 5Si0 2 or mullite (3Al 2 0 3 »2Si0 2 ) as ceramic insulating material, since this has a significantly lower coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ of about 2.2 to 2.4 x Has 10 ⁇ 6 K “1 for cordierite or from about 4.3 to 5.0 10 " 5 K '1 for mullite.
- a thin adhesion promoter layer in the order of magnitude of approximately 10 to 150 micrometers, preferably approximately 50 to 100 micrometers, would first have to be sprayed onto the surface of the glass ceramic before the subsequent insulating layers are applied.
- aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or mixtures thereof are suitable as the adhesion promoter layer.
- annular recess 30 or groove can be seen in FIG. 1, which is located on the underside of the hotplate 12 and surrounds the edge of the insulating layer 16 in a ring. This deepening helps to reduce tension in this area.
- a modification of the ceramic hob according to the invention is generally designated by the number 10 '.
- This embodiment differs from the previously described embodiment in that the insulating layer 14 'consists of only two sub-layers 16', 18 ', and in that an intermediate layer 26 of electrically conductive material was produced between the insulating layer 14' and the hotplate 12. This intermediate layer 26 is grounded, as indicated by the number 28.
- a fuse of the hotplate 12 which is known per se and is not shown, is triggered during the electrical breakdown from the heating conductor 24 to the hotplate 12 as a result of its grounding.
- the insulating layer 14 'can have a smaller total layer thickness, since its dielectric strength now only has to be 1,500 volts at operating temperature in order to ensure the necessary safety according to VDE.
- the intermediate layer 26 could theoretically consist of metal, but this would in turn mean disadvantages due to the significantly higher coefficient of thermal expansion of metals. It is therefore preferred to produce the intermediate layer 26 from an electrically conductive ceramic, such as Ti0 2 , which experiences such a strong oxygen depletion during the thermal spraying process that it becomes electrically conductive.
- a further alternative to producing the intermediate layer 26 is to use a cermet, for example made of a nickel / chrome / cobalt alloy, in which carbides, such as tungsten carbide particles and chrome carbide particles, are embedded.
- the heating conductor layer 22 is in turn preferably produced by thermal spraying in conjunction with a masking process on the underside of the lowermost partial layer 18 'of the insulating layer 14'.
- the individual layers 16, 18, 20 according to FIG. 1 or 26, 16 ', 18' according to FIG. 2 gradually run out at their edges to the adjacent layer, so that continuous transitions occur. This counteracts the risk of delamination in the edge area.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
- Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10112234A DE10112234C1 (de) | 2001-03-06 | 2001-03-06 | Keramik-Kochfeld |
| DE10112234 | 2001-03-06 | ||
| PCT/EP2002/001743 WO2002071802A1 (de) | 2001-03-06 | 2002-02-19 | Keramik-kochfeld |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1366642A1 true EP1366642A1 (de) | 2003-12-03 |
| EP1366642B1 EP1366642B1 (de) | 2005-01-12 |
Family
ID=7677415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02722099A Expired - Lifetime EP1366642B1 (de) | 2001-03-06 | 2002-02-19 | Keramik-kochfeld |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6921882B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1366642B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1494815A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE287195T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2439142A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10112234C1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2235027T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002071802A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10225337A1 (de) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-24 | Schott Glas | Kochsystem mit direkt geheizter Glaskeramikplatte |
| DE10258727A1 (de) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-06-24 | Schott Glas | Ofen |
| DE10329620A1 (de) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-01-20 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Hochtemperaturbeständiges Bauteil und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| US8399972B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2013-03-19 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Overmolded semiconductor package with a wirebond cage for EMI shielding |
| US7834296B2 (en) | 2005-06-24 | 2010-11-16 | Thermoceramix Inc. | Electric grill and method of providing the same |
| US20070138167A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-21 | Nitai Friedman | Heated food warmer |
| US8592730B2 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2013-11-26 | Tomier, Inc. | Heater assembly for suture welder |
| ES2321467B1 (es) * | 2007-08-24 | 2010-03-04 | Bsh Electrodomesticos España, S.A. | Disposicion de dispositivo de coccion. |
| US8049143B2 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2011-11-01 | Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. | Hot plate heater for a respiratory system |
| JP5709490B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2015-04-30 | 京セラ株式会社 | セラミックヒータ |
| ES2401890B1 (es) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-04-10 | BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A. | Dispositivo de aparato doméstico |
| DE102011082735A1 (de) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Kochfeldanordnung |
| CN106686773B (zh) * | 2016-01-06 | 2019-09-10 | 黄伟聪 | 一种双面高导热能力的厚膜发热元件 |
| JP6447753B2 (ja) | 2016-01-25 | 2019-01-09 | 株式会社デンソー | ヒータ装置 |
| KR101762159B1 (ko) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-04 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 면상 발열장치, 이를 포함하는하는 전기 레인지 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR102091251B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-03-19 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 전기 히터 |
| CN110030590A (zh) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-07-19 | 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 | 烹饪炉具 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3110571A (en) * | 1958-07-01 | 1963-11-12 | Du Pont | Ceramic material bonded to metal having refractory oxide dispersed therein |
| US3978315A (en) * | 1975-09-19 | 1976-08-31 | Corning Glass Works | Electrical heating units |
| DE3105065A1 (de) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-19 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Kochplatte aus glaskeramik |
| US4764341A (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1988-08-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Bonding of pure metal films to ceramics |
| JPH01194282A (ja) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-08-04 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | セラミック・ヒータ及び電気化学的素子並びに酸素分析装置 |
| US5220155A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-06-15 | Emerson Electric Co. | Heating and sensing apparatus for range top |
| DE4331702A1 (de) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-23 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Strahlungsheizkörper, insbesondere zum Beheizen einer glaskeramischen Kochplatte |
| KR100280634B1 (ko) * | 1996-05-05 | 2001-02-01 | 세이이치로 미야타 | 전기 발열체 및 이를 이용한 정전 척 |
| US6037572A (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2000-03-14 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Thin film heating assemblies |
| GB2323507B (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 2000-11-29 | Ceramaspeed Ltd | Electric heater unit and method of manufacture |
| WO1998051127A1 (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1998-11-12 | Thermoceramix, L.L.C. | Deposited resistive coatings |
| DE19817194A1 (de) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-21 | Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Kochplatte mit elektrisch leitfähiger Keramikplatte |
-
2001
- 2001-03-06 DE DE10112234A patent/DE10112234C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-19 ES ES02722099T patent/ES2235027T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-19 CN CNA028059980A patent/CN1494815A/zh active Pending
- 2002-02-19 WO PCT/EP2002/001743 patent/WO2002071802A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-19 DE DE50201994T patent/DE50201994D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-19 EP EP02722099A patent/EP1366642B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-19 CA CA002439142A patent/CA2439142A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-19 AT AT02722099T patent/ATE287195T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-08-25 US US10/647,811 patent/US6921882B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02071802A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2235027T3 (es) | 2005-07-01 |
| US20040112886A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| DE10112234C1 (de) | 2002-07-25 |
| US6921882B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 |
| DE50201994D1 (de) | 2005-02-17 |
| WO2002071802A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
| ATE287195T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
| EP1366642B1 (de) | 2005-01-12 |
| CN1494815A (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
| CA2439142A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
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