EP1366619A1 - Systeme pour extraire d'un capteur d'images des sections d'images librement definissables - Google Patents

Systeme pour extraire d'un capteur d'images des sections d'images librement definissables

Info

Publication number
EP1366619A1
EP1366619A1 EP02701140A EP02701140A EP1366619A1 EP 1366619 A1 EP1366619 A1 EP 1366619A1 EP 02701140 A EP02701140 A EP 02701140A EP 02701140 A EP02701140 A EP 02701140A EP 1366619 A1 EP1366619 A1 EP 1366619A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
electronic device
reading unit
named
image sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02701140A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nikolaus Schibli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fastcom Tech SA
Original Assignee
Fastcom Tech SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fastcom Tech SA filed Critical Fastcom Tech SA
Publication of EP1366619A1 publication Critical patent/EP1366619A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
    • H04N25/44—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array
    • H04N25/443—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array by reading pixels from selected 2D regions of the array, e.g. for windowing or digital zooming

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic device, in particular an intelligent numerical camera, with which freely definable image sections can be extracted from an image sensor.
  • Such a system consists of an image sensor which is provided with optics.
  • This image sensor is able to take pictures and store them in a digital memory.
  • the pixel signals generated by the image sensor are converted into digital image data using an analog-digital converter.
  • the image sensor (for example in CDD, CMOS or CID technology) has to be controlled with special signals in order to extract the pixel values.
  • a processor is often available, which can process the digital image data with algorithms and programs.
  • the result of the image data processing is transmitted to an external computing unit via a communication interface (for example to a control system, an actuator, etc.).
  • a communication interface for example to a control system, an actuator, etc.
  • Such camera systems that are equipped with a processor that can process image data are referred to as intelligent cameras.
  • Smart cameras are often used as smart sensors in a closed loop.
  • the result of the image data processing must be able to be delivered to a process computer in the shortest possible cycle time, which can influence the filmed system.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new electronic device with which the compromise between resolution and speed can be changed by the user at any time.
  • the new electronic device provides only the necessary image data (instead of all image data from the image sensor) as quickly as possible at any time.
  • Special predefined image shapes e.g. rectangles, circles, lines, patterns, etc.
  • the image data can be read and processed much faster without having to accept a reduction in the image quality for the selected image part.
  • an electronic device which comprises the following components: an image reading unit which is equipped with one or more image sensors, at least one image sensor allowing individual pixel accesses, the named image reading unit being designed such that it Can receive and execute image acquisition commands, the in at least one named image acquisition command
  • Shape of the image section which must be extracted is defined, and that the named image reading unit only the pixels of the named image sensor, which of those defined in the named image acquisition command
  • Form corresponds to reads and provides.
  • An external electronic device which requires image data can thus determine the shape and size of the recorded image section itself with corresponding image acquisition commands and in this way influence the speed of the image data processing.
  • the electronic device preferably uses at least one image sensor that allows single pixel access.
  • Image sensors with single pixel access are already known as such and are even available on the market.
  • An example of such a sensor is described, inter alia, in patent application EP-A2-935880, which proposes a semiconductor circuit in order to read individual pixels quickly.
  • Another example is described in US5933190.
  • an image sensor topology of CMOS technology is described, which also allows access to individual pixels instead of just entire images.
  • an external device In order to access a section of an image (image area) with such a sensor, an external device must address each pixel of the image section separately, which requires a high computing power of the named external device.
  • US5146340 describes an image reading and processing system which enables an electronic image sensor to be read in at two different speeds. This is done in order to read in a desired image zone at the correct speed, while the rest of the image is read in at an increased speed in order to get to the interesting part of the image more quickly. The unnecessary sections of the image are not digitized. With this method, the clock frequency of the image reading process can be increased. The scanned image is saved in an image memory stored. This image memory can be read in and processed by a processor after switching the buses. All pixels, even those that are not required at all, are read in.
  • US5060074 proposes an image reading unit for a video camera which, as in patent US 5146340, enables the image field to be read in at two different speeds. This is done in order to read an interesting image zone faster than the entire image. This can compensate for vibrations in the image caused by the camera user.
  • the interesting image zone can be displayed without vertical or horizontal shift. Here too, however, all pixels are always read.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simple schematic representation of a device according to the invention, divided into an image reading unit, a storage unit and an external electronic device.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a device according to the invention (in this example as an intelligent camera).
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of a device according to the invention, with a PC which is equipped with a frame grabber card with DMA PC memory access and with a single-pixel access camera.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a device according to the invention, with a single-pixel access camera with a fast communication interface, which sends the requested pixels directly and without intermediate storage to an external electronic device.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a device according to the invention, with a PC which is equipped with a frame grabber card with its own buffer memory and with a single-pixel access camera.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the parameters which are required in an image acquisition command in order to define a rectangular image section.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of the parameters which are required in an image acquisition command in order to define a parallelogram-shaped image section.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of the parameters which are required in an image acquisition command in order to define an elliptical image section.
  • FIG. 1 shows an image signal processing system with three elements 1, 2 and 3.
  • An image reading unit is shown schematically at 1, which can write video image data recorded by means of an optical system 4 into a storage unit 2.
  • the image reading unit 1 can preferably also read the content of the storage unit 2.
  • the image reading unit 1, the optics 4 and the storage unit 2 are preferably housed in the same (not shown) camera housing.
  • An external electronic device 3 for example a PC, a video recorder or a process computer
  • the external electronic device 3 can be issued with commands which are written into the storage unit and / or with a synchronization signal via the communication interface 14 from the image reading device.
  • Unit 1 require that it write a portion of the entire image to the storage unit 2 with a defined shape. Synchronization signals can also come from any external device 15.
  • the image reading unit has an image sensor that can directly access every single pixel. The image reading unit can thus store special image shapes such as rectangular shapes, circles, several parallel lines and any other image shapes in the storage unit 2 without having to read in unused pixels. Since only the required pixels are read in, the reading and processing time of the image reading unit can be significantly reduced.
  • the camera with the units 2 and 3 thus only makes available those pixels that belong to the image form that was determined by the external device 3, 15.
  • the frame rate depends on the size and type of the shape required, so that an external device 3, 15 can increase the frame rate itself, for example by having a smaller image section extracted.
  • the image reading unit 1 has programmable data processing means described below for generating the address and timing signals, which control the driver of the image sensor as a function of the required image section. These processing means can preferably also be used for certain image processing algorithms
  • the processing means in the image reading unit preferably comprise a microprocessor and / or a digital signal processor (DSP) in order to carry out these algorithms.
  • New programs can be loaded via the storage unit 2, via another interface or onto a data carrier (for example a PC card).
  • a calibration image stored in an electronic memory can be used for the calibration.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed illustration of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • the image reading unit 1 with data processing means 8, 9 and the storage unit 2 are preferably integrated in a common housing. Such a combination is called an intelligent camera because the camera can perform certain image signal processing steps without an external processor.
  • the image reading unit 1 consists of an image sensor 6 with single pixel access from optics 4 to focus the light, a driver 5 and an analog-digital converter 7.
  • Programmable data processing means 8 (for example one or more processors and / or DSP, or an FPGA circuit) generate the addresses and the timing signals which control the driver 5 in such a way that only the required pixels in the image sensor 6 are read.
  • Other image processing operations can be performed (for example, image calibration, binarization of the image, calculation of the contours, high or low pass filtering, or the sequence of objects on successive images of an image sequence).
  • the data processing means 8 use a local electronic memory 9 (for example a RAM) to execute the various programs.
  • the memory unit 2 consists of a plurality of memory modules 21.
  • the image reading unit 1 can thus access a memory module while the electronic device 3 simultaneously accesses another module.
  • Driver 5 read in and digitized with the AD converter 7 and either written into the internal memory 9 or directly into a memory 21 of the memory unit 2.
  • the image is recorded on a command or a synchronization signal 14 to the processor 8.
  • This command can come from the processor 11 of the external device 3, but also from another external device 15.
  • the external electronic device 3 here consists of a processor system which reads and processes the desired image data from the memory modules 21 of the memory unit 2.
  • This processor system 3 can tell the image reading unit 1 via the communication interface 14 or via commands stored in the storage unit 2 which image section is required.
  • the image acquisition commands can come from another, external device 15, or for them to be generated by the image reading unit 1 itself.
  • the image processing unit 3 can read the image data in the storage unit 2 and store it in a local storage area 12. Further digital processing means 11 are preferably provided in order to manage the image data and to send them to an external device 16 via a communication interface 13.
  • a command interpreter interprets these commands and accesses the pixels of image sensor 6 belonging to the desired image section by generating the addresses and timing signals for driver 6 in real time for pixel extraction.
  • the image reading unit 1 can support at least the following image reading modes. Each mode is started with a corresponding image acquisition command:
  • This reading mode is shown schematically in FIG. 7.
  • the pixels 60 will have to be read in focus while other pixels 61 are shown in white.
  • This mode allows a certain number (1 to a maximum number) of rectangular image areas to be read in from the image sensor 6.
  • the entire image area can also be read in this mode. All pixels of the rectangles can be read; as a variant, however, a certain number of rows or columns can also be omitted at regular intervals in the horizontal X or vertical Y direction. In the example shown, only every second column and only every row of the second largest rectangle is read. These gaps allow the desired image sections to be read in with a reduced resolution.
  • the resolution of each image section can be selected differently.
  • the ratio between the number of skipped and read pixels in each direction is defined as the downsampling factor.
  • This reading mode is shown schematically in FIG. 8. This mode allows a certain number (1 to a maximum number) of parallel lines to be read in from the image sensor 6 in any direction. As in rectangular mode, a downsampling factor can be defined in the horizontal and vertical directions.
  • This reading mode is shown schematically in FIG. 9.
  • This mode allows a certain number (1 to a maximum number) of elliptical (for example circular) image sections to be read in from the image sensor 6.
  • elliptical for example circular
  • only concentric ellipses are defined.
  • image acquisition commands with which non-concentric ellipses in which a downsampling factor in the horizontal and in the vertical direction may also be defined.
  • orientation of the large semiaxis if it is not horizontal.
  • a faster image reading can be achieved if all ellipses are concentric and if the ratio of small semiaxis to larger semiaxis is the same for all ellipses during an image acquisition.
  • the image reading unit 1 itself to determine the number, the size, the position, the vertical and horizontal resolution and the shape of the scanned image sections on the basis of more abstract commands. These parameters can also be adjusted dynamically (for example in real time and / or between each image).
  • a program executed by the data processing means determines at any time which area of the image sensor 6 must be read. The following conditions can cause adjustments to the image section:
  • the data processing means 8 of the image reading unit 1 can execute an image object tracking algorithm in order to identify and track an identical object on successive images of an image sequence.
  • the image reading unit can only extract the pixels belonging to the tracked object from the image sensor and make them available.
  • the shape of the The scanned image section can be dynamically adapted to the shape of the object and is not limited to rectangles, parallelograms and ellipses.
  • the resolution can be adjusted to the quality of the optics, to the focals used, to the zoom factor, to the opening of the
  • Diaphragm, to the focus setting, etc., are automatically adjusted.
  • the image sections in particular the resolution of the image sections, can be adjusted if, for example, zoom, panning or tilt movements are carried out, or if the focus setting is changed automatically or manually.
  • the camera can contain an interface to receive external trigger signals.
  • the read-in parameters can be changed automatically when a new trigger signal is received. This means that the import conditions can be adapted to external events,
  • the resolution, the scanned image section etc. can be automatically dynamically adjusted if the content of the recorded images changes. For example, it is possible to automatically extract a new image section when an event is detected in this image section.
  • the image reading unit can be informed with a command what is required for an image section.
  • at least certain of the following parameters can be entered in at least certain image acquisition commands:
  • the command interpreter can always automatically select the fastest possible sampling time for the desired image shape.
  • the same image area is always read, and the
  • Image recording is clocked by the external synchronization signal 14.
  • Control signals for the lens 4 such as zoom setting, iris and focus.
  • the preprocessing can include algorithms such as edge detection, high and low pass filtering, etc.
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown in FIG. In this variant, all components which were described earlier in connection with FIG. 2 are integrated in a single housing. Such a device can be referred to as an intelligent camera and can be connected to external devices 16 via an interface 13. Several of the components 8, 21, etc. described here can be integrated in a single integrated circuit.
  • FIG. 1 A third embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the image reading unit 1 and the storage unit 2 are integrated in a common housing 17.
  • Such a device can be referred to as a single-pixel access camera.
  • the image reading unit comprises the same components as the variant in FIG. 2.
  • a communication interface 19 is implemented with a communication processor, which enables the image data from the single-pixel access camera 17 via a "frame grabber 27 (data receiving unit) to an external device 3.
  • the external electronic device 3 can be a processor system (for example a PC) in which the frame grabber card 27 is installed.
  • the image data read in by the image reading unit are sent to the frame grabber 27 via a fast data bus.
  • the frame grabber 27 has a second communication interface with a communication processor 22 in order to receive this data.
  • the image data are then temporarily stored in a FIFO memory 23 and written into the electronic memory 12 of the PC 3 via a direct memory access circuit (DMA) 24 and a communication interface 25.
  • the processor 11 of the PC 3 is used for the actual image signal processing.
  • the image acquisition commands 14 can originate from the processor 11 (via a communication interface 13) or from an external device 15. Again, several can of the components 8, 21, 19, etc. described here can be integrated in the camera 17 in a single integrated circuit.
  • FIG. 5 A fourth embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the external image processing unit 3 does not read the desired image data from a storage unit 2, but directly from the image reading unit 1.
  • the image reading unit 1 has a suitable communication interface 19 which directly connects to the storage unit 10 Image reading unit 1 can access.
  • the communication processor 19 itself can still have a local memory.
  • This processor sends the data to the external device 3 via a communication interface 22.
  • the external device 3 is also equipped with a communication processor 22 in order to receive the data correctly and to write them into an electronic memory 12.
  • Further digital image processing means 11 are preferably provided in order to manage the image data and to send them to an external device 16 via a communication interface 13.
  • FIG. 1 A fifth embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • a single-pixel access camera 17 is also used, which sends the image data to a frame grabber 27 via a communication interface 19.
  • the frame grabber 27 receives the desired image data and is connected to an external image processing unit 3.
  • the image data are now received by a communication processor 22 in the frame grabber 27 and can be temporarily stored in a FIFO memory 23.
  • a processor 26 on the frame grabber card 27 can process the received image data and write it to the local memory 21 of the frame grabber 27.
  • the communication processor 22 can preferably also write image data directly into the memory 21. This relieves the load on the processor 11 and the memory 12 of the external device 3.
  • the processor 11 can access the image data of the frame grabber 27 as required in order to further process and archive them via a network To send communication element 13 etc. and can also write this locally into its electronic memory 12.
  • Commands or synchronization signals 14 for the image recording can either come from an external device 15, from the frame grabber 27, or from the external device 3, or can be generated internally in the single-pixel access camera.
  • the invention also relates to new programs that can be loaded in such a camera for image acquisition commands in which the shape, size, position, To interpret and implement the resolution and / or the number of image areas that have to be read in from an image sensor with single pixel access.
  • Such programs can be sold as computer products, in particular as programmed data storage media.
  • the invention also relates to programs which are carried out by an external device 3, 14 in order to send such commands to an electronic device according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Image Input (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système électronique (par exemple une caméra) comprenant un dispositif de lecture d'images (1), équipé d'un ou de plusieurs capteurs d'images (6), au moins un capteur d'images permettant l'accès à chaque pixel. Ce dispositif de lecture d'images (1) est conçu de manière à pouvoir recevoir et exécuter des commandes de prise de vue. La forme de la section d'image (60), à extraire dudit capteur d'image (6), peut être librement définie dans au moins une commande de prise de vue. Ledit dispositif de lecture d'images (1) n'extrait du capteur d'images (6) et ne met à disposition que les sections d'images (60) dudit capteur d'images (6), qui correspondent à la forme librement définie dans la commande de prise de vue.
EP02701140A 2001-03-09 2002-03-07 Systeme pour extraire d'un capteur d'images des sections d'images librement definissables Withdrawn EP1366619A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH436012001 2001-03-09
CH4362001 2001-03-09
PCT/CH2002/000140 WO2002073951A1 (fr) 2001-03-09 2002-03-07 Systeme pour extraire d'un capteur d'images des sections d'images librement definissables

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1366619A1 true EP1366619A1 (fr) 2003-12-03

Family

ID=4515078

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02701140A Withdrawn EP1366619A1 (fr) 2001-03-09 2002-03-07 Systeme pour extraire d'un capteur d'images des sections d'images librement definissables

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20040041916A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1366619A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002073951A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE602004020737D1 (de) * 2003-02-03 2009-06-04 Goodrich Corp Bildsensor mit wahlfreiem zugriff
US8068154B2 (en) * 2004-05-01 2011-11-29 Eliezer Jacob Digital camera with non-uniform image resolution
KR20180092621A (ko) * 2017-02-10 2018-08-20 엘지전자 주식회사 단말기 및 그 제어 방법

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US5060074A (en) * 1989-10-18 1991-10-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Video imaging apparatus
US5262871A (en) * 1989-11-13 1993-11-16 Rutgers, The State University Multiple resolution image sensor
US5146340A (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-09-08 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Image data reading and processing apparatus
US5452004A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-09-19 Litton Systems, Inc. Focal plane array imaging device with random access architecture
US5933190A (en) * 1995-04-18 1999-08-03 Imec Vzw Pixel structure, image sensor using such pixel structure and corresponding peripheral circuitry
JP4229481B2 (ja) * 1996-07-31 2009-02-25 オリンパス株式会社 撮像表示システム
DE19748004A1 (de) * 1996-10-31 1998-06-25 Stuttgart Mikroelektronik Linear ausgerichtete lichtempfindliche Sensoreinheit für eine elektronische, farbfähige Kamera mit zeilenförmig angeordneten Bildpunkten sowie Verfahren zum Auslesen der Bildpunkte
EP1012786A1 (fr) * 1997-02-21 2000-06-28 The Board of Regents of the University and Community College System of Nevada on Behalf of the University Nevada-Reno Procede et systeme extremement rapide de traitement informatique d'images
US6646757B1 (en) * 1997-07-15 2003-11-11 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Garment design and fabric printing system utilizing digitally encoded design cards
JP4443735B2 (ja) * 2000-07-11 2010-03-31 富士フイルム株式会社 撮像装置およびその動作制御方法

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WO2002073951A1 (fr) 2002-09-19
US20040041916A1 (en) 2004-03-04

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