EP1364351B1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zum erkennung von fasern auf der grundlage von bildanalyse - Google Patents

Verfahren und einrichtung zum erkennung von fasern auf der grundlage von bildanalyse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1364351B1
EP1364351B1 EP02711747A EP02711747A EP1364351B1 EP 1364351 B1 EP1364351 B1 EP 1364351B1 EP 02711747 A EP02711747 A EP 02711747A EP 02711747 A EP02711747 A EP 02711747A EP 1364351 B1 EP1364351 B1 EP 1364351B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
algorithm
detection
images
smoke
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02711747A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1364351A1 (de
EP1364351B8 (de
Inventor
Didier Rizzotti
Nikolaus c/o Patents & Technology Survey SCHIBLI
Werner Straumann
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Securiton AG
Fastcom Tech SA
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Securiton AG
Fastcom Tech SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device or a a fire detection system based on image analysis, in particular on the analysis of digital moving picture sequences.
  • WO00 / 23959 discloses a system of smoke detection, consisting of video camera equipment, unit for digitizing video signals and a processing unit for digital data.
  • Smoke is detected by algorithms of image processing based on comparing pixels between images successive.
  • the comparison methods used aim to detect whether a significant change has occurred between an image and a image of reference, which can indicate the appearance of smoke but also another object in the filmed field of view.
  • Another algorithm detects the convergence of the color of several pixels to an average value, may indicate a decrease in contrast caused by smoke. A Such convergence may also indicate a change in the conditions lighting.
  • a third algorithm measures changes in the sharpness of the transition zones, affected by the smoke but also by the characteristics of the optics that are modified for example during zooms or opening changes. These methods are only suitable for the detection of smoke, but no flames giving off little or no fumes. The algorithms used are complex and require high computing power.
  • WO97 / 16926 discloses a change detection method in an image sequence to detect events.
  • the method detection is based on taking a reference image that contains the information of the background of the recorded scene.
  • the appearance of new objects is detected by methods of thresholding and grouping of pixels.
  • the algorithms employed make it hard to distinguish between the appearance of smoke or another object in the field visual filmed.
  • EP0818766 discloses a system for detecting forest fires by animated image processing. To detect fire, an algorithm of smoke detection is used. This document describes a method of detection of temporal variations of the intensity of the pixels in low frequency (between 0.3 and 0.1 Hz). So the system is slow enough to react since many cycles of a few tenths of a second are necessary to detect a decorrelation that may indicate the presence of smoke.
  • FR-A-2696939 describes a forest fire detection system automatic by image processing.
  • the processing algorithms are based on the detection and analysis of volute and cloud movements smoke; they are, on the other hand, not very suitable for the detection of flames or fumes developing in an unusual way, for example under the effect wind or ventilation.
  • An object of the present invention is to propose a method and a Fire detection device more reliable, faster and more versatile than the methods and systems of the prior art.
  • Another aim is to propose a method and a system of detection of fire which can be implemented using a system of video surveillance already installed on the site to be monitored.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a detection system automatic fire making it possible to implement the method of the invention.
  • the illustrated system allows you to acquire images from different sources, for example a PAL or NTSC 3 video camera, a digital video camera, recording media such as hard disk 2 or optical disk or video tape 1.
  • the image sequences are scanned if necessary by a digitizer 4 and transmitted to a system of digital processing 6, for example an industrial PC, which executes the Flame and smoke detection algorithms described below.
  • the digitizer 4 is constituted for example by a digitization card of video footage from the camera or VCR inserted into the digital processing system 6.
  • Some algorithms can use one or more images or sequences of reference images, for example a view of the background of the image without fire, in a memory 5.
  • the results of the detection algorithms can be displayed locally on the screen of the digital processing system 6 or processed by a system of interpretation of results and decision-making 7 capable of generate alarms or fire or smoke pre-warnings when certain predefined conditions are met.
  • This alarm can be transmitted to a central alarm 8, to an apparatus 9 generating an alarm acoustic and / or to an operator via an interface graph 10 on one of the systems 7 or 8.
  • the control panel manages all alarms from the interpretation system of results and taking of decision.
  • the system 7 can be implemented by a computer near the supervised area or by a program or ensemble of programs executed by the digital processing system.
  • alarm center can be located remotely and manage alarms from different sites under surveillance.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a variant of a system making it possible to the invention, in which most of the elements of FIG. are integrated in a single intelligent camera 3, that is to say a camera integrating digital image processing means.
  • the camera integrates an optical 30, a not shown image sensor, for example a random access sensor, and a system for acquiring images and digital processing 6 to acquire the sequences of images of the camera in a digital form and to execute on these image sequences the different algorithms for detecting flames and smoke described more low.
  • the smart camera 3 also includes a memory 5 for store these algorithms as well as one or more images or sequences reference images used by these algorithms.
  • a system of interpretation of results and decision-making 7 can be achieved by example in the form of a computer module loaded in the memory 5 and executed by the digital processing system 6.
  • the camera Smart 3 can additionally integrate an event management system 70 to handle the events detected by the system 7 and trigger by example sending an alarm or a pre-alarm.
  • the smart camera 2 can be connected through a communication interface to a screen 15 to view either the sequences of images acquired live, or recorded images corresponding to detected events.
  • the camera 3 is also able to communicate its results to a computer 12.
  • a control unit 11 makes it possible to choose areas of interest in the image, to vary the sensitivity of the detection, to program camera movements, etc.
  • the camera 3 therefore constitutes a system complete smart camera able to detect flames and smoke and generate warning signals accordingly.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another variant of a system enabling implement the invention, wherein one or more video cameras 3 smoke detection 13 or flames 14 provide sequences images processed directly by the digital processing system 6, for example an industrial PC on the monitored site.
  • the system 6 executes fire detection algorithms by image processing and the interpretation of the results. Images processed and events detected are transmitted to a remote operator equipped with a computer 12 integrating a graphical interface allowing to visualize the images video from the cameras 3 and to inform the operator in case of alarm detection.
  • the digital image processing system 6 and the interpretation system of results and decision-making 7 use several distinct image processing algorithms and combined them.
  • the algorithms used can be based on the following methods:
  • the presence of smoke reduces the sharpness of the outlines of objects present in the scene, which corresponds to a low-pass spatial smoothing filter.
  • the high frequencies of the image 31 are thus attenuated by the presence of smoke compared to the reference image 32 stored in the memory 5 and corresponding for example to an image of the background without smoke and no flames.
  • the method therefore consists of calculating the transform frequency of each image 31 or image portion acquired using a fast FFT or FHT Fourier transform module 33 for example and compare it using a comparison system 35 with the transform frequency of the reference image 32 calculated by a module 34.
  • a decision module 36 may indicate an alarmed smoke or a probability of smoke alarm.
  • This algorithm can be used throughout the image. In order to detect more clearly and more quickly the appearance of smoke, this algorithm is preferably applied on one or more sub-portions or zoes of the filmed image; an alarm being triggered as soon as one or minimum number of zones indicate high attenuation spatial frequencies relative to the reference image. It is also possible to apply this algorithm only on the portions of the image on which smoke is likely to appear or in which another algorithm indicated a fire event probability. Finally, this algorithm can either be applied to a grayscale image or another component, ie separately on the different components a color image. Depending on the colors of smoke likely to appear, it is possible to weight differently the different components chromatic.
  • the appearance of an object whose contours, chrominance or brightness oscillate at a frequency greater than 0.5 Hz is a sign of the possible presence of flames. This can be detected using a frequency analysis method using the successive images of a sequence of images. To perform this analysis, the computer must have a whole sequence of images in his memory and detect in the domain space objects with the aid of an algorithm of reconaissanc of form.
  • This algorithm can also be used to detect and follow on several successive images objects whose shape, size and / or the color vary in a non regular way and according to a frequency random. Object identification and object tracking methods can be to be employed.
  • Multiple image sequences can be generated by example using multiple cameras, using a single camera motorized to change the position or angle of view, to using one or more cameras and a set of mirrors, etc.
  • the digital processing system 6 may furthermore be connected to one or more external sensors possibly present and to detect particular events, for example temperature sensors, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, movement, etc.
  • the indications provided by these sensors are transmitted to of acquisition cards in the digital processing system 6 and can be used to confirm the indications provided by the image processing algorithms or to improve the performance of these algorithms.
  • a motion detector can be used to trigger a move or zoom movement optical or digital camera to the area where the movement was product, or to focus the image processing algorithms on image portions corresponding to the area where motion has been detected.
  • the results of the different algorithms are combined through a process of interpretation and decision-making of the results executed for example by the system 7 to detect the flames and / or the smoke reliably.
  • This process of interpreting the results can take into account the evolution of the various detection criteria in function of time. For example, a level of detection that grows quickly is more dangerous than a stable detection level.
  • Image portions can to pose problems of false alarms (chimneys in a landscape, portion of a wall where car headlights are reflected, etc.) can be desensitized without influencing detection in other parts of the image. It is also possible to make more sensitive parts away from the scene, and less sensitive the closer parts in order to offset the perspective effect. This adaptation can be done manually or automatically.
  • the sensitivity can be modified to adapt the system to its environment.
  • this setting can be done using a single parameter influencing all system algorithms.
  • This parameter can be changed via a slider button on the graphical interface 10, a potentiometer, or by any other adjustment element.
  • Figure 5 illustrates two slider buttons to separately adjust the flame detection and the smoke detection.
  • the different events that can occur in the system are presented by the graphical interface 10 to the operator in order of urgency.
  • the graphical interface thus displays for example at the top of the list the alarms flame and smoke starting with the most recent alarm, then the pre-warnings flame and smoke starting here also by the pre-alarm the most recent, other events or alarms possibly detected being displayed at the bottom of the list.
  • These other events can understand, for example, camera failures, dirty cameras, indications of insufficient brightness of the scene to be monitored, or external events detected by unrepresented sensors, such as stalling fire extinguishers, door openings, etc.
  • a visual message, preferably a "pop-up" window indicating the type of alarm detected and opening in a graphical interface 10, and a sound beep are preference generated when detecting an alarm
  • log file a file in the processing system 6, in the system 7 or in the computer used by the remote operator and listing all the events occurred.
  • This file is preferably constituted by a XML document also containing images or sequences images related to each event listed, as well as the date of the event. An operator can thus consult the XML file corresponding to the monitoring period and load the images stored, for example remotely, to check the detected alarms and ensure, for example, that the detected alarms match actually to fires.
  • the present invention relates to a fire detection method. It also relates to a device specially adapted to implement this process, for example a computer or a smart camera programmed to implement this method, as well as a support for data with a directly loadable computer program in the memory of such a device and comprising portions of code computer hardware constituting means for executing this method.

Claims (24)

  1. Verfahren zur automatischen Brandentdeckung, auf Basis der Flammen- und/oder Raucherkennung ausgehend von der Analyse einer Bildsequenz, wobei die Analyse auf mehreren Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen basiert,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Algorithmus darin besteht, den Frequenzinhalt von mindestens einem Bild (31) besagter Sequenz mit dem Frequenzinhalt eines Referenzbildes (32) zu vergleichen, um eine Schwächung der hohen Frequenzen unabhängig der Variationen auf den anderen Teilen des Raumspektrums des Bildes zu erkennen.
  2. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 1, worin die Erkennungsempfindlichkeit von mindestens einem der besagten Algorithmen mittels einer graphischen Schnittstelle (10) unabhängig der Gesamtempfindlichkeit des Systems reguliert werden kann.
  3. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, worin besagter Vergleich nur an einem oder mehreren Orten besagtes Bildes (31) erfolgt.
  4. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 3, worin besagtes Bild (31) in mehrere Zonen unterteilt ist, wobei besagter Vergleich zwischen mindestens einer Zone des besagten Referenzbildes (32) und mindestens einer vergleichbaren Zone von mindestens einem Bild (31) besagter Sequenz erfolgt.
  5. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin der Frequenzinhalt von mindestens zwei chromatischen Komponenten der besagten Bilder besagter Sequenz und des besagten Referenzbildes berechnet werden und zwecks besagten Vergleichs getrennt verwendet werden.
  6. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, worin mindestens einer der besagten Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen ein Raucherkennungsalgorithmus durch Messung der Farbsättigungsstärke in mindestens einem Teil besagter Bilder ist.
  7. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, worin mindestens einer der besagten Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen ein Algorithmus der Erkennung des Verschwindens der geraden Segmente in mindestens einem Teil besagter Bilder (31) ist.
  8. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, worin mindestens einer der Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen ein Flammenerkennungsalgorithmus (14) ist.
  9. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 8, worin einer der besagten Flammenerkennungsalgorithmus darin besteht, die Variationen zwischen aufeinander folgenden Bilder zu analysieren, um die Objekte zu entdecken, deren Umrisse mit einer Frequenz höher als 0.5Hz schwingen.
  10. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 8, worin einer der besagten Flammenerkennungsalgorithmus darin besteht, die Objekte zu identifizieren, deren Form und Farbe unregelmässig variieren.
  11. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 8, worin einer der besagten Flammenerkennungsalgorithmus darin besteht, die Farbtemperaturen in mindestens einem Teil besagter Bilder auszuwerten, um die Anwesenheit von Flammen zu entdecken.
  12. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, worin mindestens einer der besagten Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen mehrere Bildsequenzen verwendet, welche die gleiche Ansicht aus verschiedenen Winkeln darstellen.
  13. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 12, worin besagter Algorithmus, der mehrere Bildsequenzen verwendet, es erlaubt, eine Information über die Distanz, die Form und/oder das Volumen der Flammen und des Rauches zu liefern.
  14. Verfahren gemäss einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, worin mindestens einer der besagten 8ildverarbeitungsalgorithmen ein Algorithmus ist, der erlaubt, die Anwesenheit eines neuen Objekts in einem Bildteil zu entdecken.
  15. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 14, worin mindestens ein Flammen- oder Raucherkennungsalgorithmus verwendet wird, um auf detailliertere Weise den Bildteil zu analysieren, wo ein neues Objekt erschienen ist.
  16. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, worin der Zeitverlauf der von mindestens einem der besagten Algorithmen gelieferten Resultate in der Flammen- oder Raucherkennung berücksichtigt wird.
  17. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, ausgeführt mittels mindestens einer Videokamera (3) und einer mit einem Rechner (6) verbundenen Videonumerisierungsvorrichtung (4), um alle Erkennungsalgorithmen durchzuführen, und mit Visualisierungsmitteln (10, 15, 12) für einen menschlichen Benutzer ausgerüstet.
  18. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, ausgeführt durch eine Digitatkamera (3) beinhaltend die Optik (30), den Bildsensor, die Bilddigitalisierungsvorrichtung, den Prozessor (6) für die Durchführung aller Erkennungsalgorithmen und eine Schnittstelle zur Mitteilung der Erkennungsresultate und/oder Visualisierungsmittel für einen menschlichen Benutzer.
  19. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, mit einem Schritt der Regulierung der Empfindlichkeit mittels eines Regulierungselements, das erlaubt, die Erkennungsempfindlichkeit der Flammen und des Rauches unabhängig zu wählen.
  20. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, mit einem Schritt der Regulierung der Empfindlichkeit mittels eines Regulierungselements, das erlaubt, die Erkennungsempfindlichkeit bei jedem Algorithmus aus einer Vielzahl von verwendeten Algorithmen unabhängig zu wählen.
  21. Vorrichtung zur Verarbeitung von Digitalbildern (6; 3), für das Empfangen von Digitalbildersequenzen aus mindestens einer Videokamera (3) geeignet und mit einem Computerprogramm, welches das Verfahren einer der vorhergehenden Ansprüche auszuführen vermag.
  22. Vorrichtung gemäss dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, mit Visualisierungsmitteln (10, 15, 12) für einen menschlichen Benutzer, für die Darstellung der besagten Digitalbildersequenzen.
  23. Vorrichtung gemäss dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, mit Alarmerzeugungsmitteln, um einen auf besagten Visualisierungsmitteln angezeigten Alarm auszulösen, sobald ein Brand entdeckt wurde, und mit Mitteln, die es einem menschlichen Benutzer erlauben, die Anwesenheit eines Brands durch Visualisierung besagter Bilder zu bestätigen oder verneinen.
  24. Datenträger mit einem Computerprogramm, das direkt in den Speicher einer Digitalverarbeitungsvorrichtung geladen werden kann und mit Computercodeteilen, welche die Mittel zur Durchführung des Verfahrens einer der Ansprüche 1 bis 20 bilden.
EP02711747A 2001-02-26 2002-02-26 Verfahren und einrichtung zur erkennung von fasern auf der grundlage von bildanalyse Expired - Lifetime EP1364351B8 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH340012001 2001-02-26
CH3402001 2001-02-26
PCT/CH2002/000118 WO2002069292A1 (fr) 2001-02-26 2002-02-26 Procede et dispositif de detection de feux base sur l'analyse d'images

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EP1364351A1 EP1364351A1 (de) 2003-11-26
EP1364351B1 true EP1364351B1 (de) 2005-06-29
EP1364351B8 EP1364351B8 (de) 2006-05-03

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US (1) US6937743B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1364351B8 (de)
AT (1) ATE298912T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2243699T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2002069292A1 (de)

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ES2243699T3 (es) 2005-12-01
US20040175040A1 (en) 2004-09-09
ATE298912T1 (de) 2005-07-15
US6937743B2 (en) 2005-08-30
WO2002069292A1 (fr) 2002-09-06
WO2002069292A8 (fr) 2003-11-13
EP1364351B8 (de) 2006-05-03

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