EP1338735A1 - System, arrangement and method to control access - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a reader (42), a controller (38) and an actuator (32) that communicate with each other so the actuator unlocks a barrier (14) when an authorization signal (56) is received from an identification transmitter (54) carried by an authorized user (48). The transmitter and receiver communicate with each other automatically so that the actuator unlocks the barrier as soon as the authorized user is in reading range. Independent claims are also included for the following: an access control arrangement and a method of checking the authorization for opening a barrier in or on a building.

Description

The present invention relates to an access control system and a method for checking the authorization to open a Lock in or on a building, the lock in normal condition against access by unauthorized users is locked, with a reading device, a control device and an actuator that so together communicate that the actuator the Lock unlocked when the reader device issues an authorization signal has received, the authorization signal from a Identification transmitter can be transmitted by an authorized User is worn.

The present invention further relates to an access control system with a plurality of such access control systems.

Such access control systems and systems are usually used in larger office and company complexes. They allow, that people in the complex have access receive only those areas for which it is authorized are.

The term "lock" is wide in the present context to understand. Accordingly, a lock can be a door, a Rolling gate or a turnstile that faces an interior Lock outside space. A lock can also be a roller shutter or be a barrier. The lock can also be used for equipment or block devices in a building, for example PCs, telephones, Dictation machines etc.

In such access control systems, so-called Locking systems used. For example locks of the same locking system within an office complex used. The keys are encoded, making a key usually exclusive access to a specific one Office area. All keys also provide access to common areas within the office complex. This simple one Differentiation can be branched as desired. For example it is possible that all employees of one Company access to the company premises within an office complex to have. However, only the accountant and the company owner have a key that gives additional access to the accounting room granted.

Such access control systems have been in existence for several years and systems also on a non-contact basis. So is under the Name "Clip Tac" by the present applicant batteryless passive transponder as a key fob or - Essay known. Passive transponders are also in shape known from iso-transponder cards in credit card format.

Both locking media are passive transponders. These have an antenna coil and one with the antenna coil coupled chip on. With a read signal induce a voltage in the antenna coil. The voltage is used by the IC to create an individual Read code and modulate on a signal. The modulated signal is then generated using the induced energy emitted and read by a reader.

Such passive transponders can be used over distances of a few Centimeters read up to about 20 to 30 centimeters become. Consequently, a user must open an access-controlled one Use the transponder as the locking medium. at the clip tac variant, the user must use the key with the Trailer or attachment to a near the door or on the Hold the door reader provided so that the transponder can give his authorization signal. Also in the case of the ISO transponder card the card must be held close to the reader become.

Especially if an authorized user is currently one Item, it is often impossible for him to use the transponder locking medium to pull out of the pocket and to the reader hold.

Against the background above, this is the basis of the invention the problem is an improved access control system, an improved access control procedure or an improved one To create access control system.

This task is carried out in the access control system mentioned at the beginning and the corresponding method in that the Identification transmitter and the reading device so automatically communicate with each other that the actuator Unlocked once the authorized user is in a Reading area that extends so far around the lock, that the authorized user can open the lock, without actively using a locking medium.

In this way it is possible to have efficient access control can take place without the authorized user being active must intervene in the process of checking the authorization. In other words, the authorized user does not have to have one Insert the key into a lock or a transponder locking medium actively hold a reader to access the desired area.

Through the automatic communication between the reading device and the identification transmitter "knows" the access control system, whether an authorized user is in front of the lock. If so, the lock is unlocked so that the authorized person Users gain access without actively locking media to use.

In the present context, blocking is general understood that a certain area is not accessible is, e.g. an interior behind a door, the use of a PC's, a closet etc.

Locking a door or another room lock (such as Turnstile, roller door etc.) in front of a secured interior understood in particular that the space lock against form Opening is secured. The block can be, for example by a locking bolt and / or by a latch. Alternatively, the door can also be blocked respectively.

The task is solved completely in this way.

It is particularly preferred if the lock after an unlocking process is automatically locked again when a locking condition is satisfied.

This ensures that the lock is not for any length of time remains unlocked after an authorized user unlocks it unlocked by means of his identification transmitter. As soon as the Lock condition is met, the lock will return to normal moved, so locked. This prevents that unauthorized users after the access of an authorized Gain user access.

It is particularly preferred if the blocking condition is met is when the lock closes again after opening becomes.

In particular, the blocking condition is in a preferred embodiment met if the lock after opening again is closed and / or the authorization signal from the reading device is no longer received.

In this embodiment, the lock is locked again, if the lock is closed and the authorized user removed from the reading area of the reading device. hereby it is possible that the user who already has the lock after the access has closed, the lock can still open, as long as it is in the reading area.

Alternatively or accumulatively, it is preferred if the Lock condition is met when the lock after opening is closed again and / or a certain time has expired is.

This ensures that the lock after the expiration a certain period of time ("timeout") in any case again is locked regardless of whether the reader is still receives an authorization signal or not. This will make the Security of the access control system further increased.

Overall, it is beneficial if the access control system has a lock closer which is assigned to the lock and the lock closes mechanically when a force is in the opening direction the lock below a certain threshold lies.

This measure ensures that the lock after the access of an authorized person is closed again. In other words, it is not necessary that the legitimate User actively locks the lock after access.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the Unlock a door with a latch and the actuator is arranged in a door frame and gives the trap Unlocking free.

In this embodiment, it is possible to use the actuator outside the door, for example on a door frame to be provided as a door opener.

It is also advantageous in this embodiment that the justified User can push the door open with his body. The prerequisite for this is, of course, that the door faces inwards opens.

According to an alternative embodiment, the lock has a Door with an external door handle and a latch locking the door that uncouples from the outside door handle in the normal state is, the actuator the trap with the Outside door handle couples when the authorized user is in the reading area of the reading device, so that the authorized Users only open the door handle to open the door must press.

In this embodiment, the actuator acts in Inside the door by using the latch with the outside door handle couples. This has the advantage that the access control system can also be realized if in the area of the door frame there is no door opener for the trap.

In general, it is preferred if the lock has a latch, with which the lock can be locked against opening.

This makes it possible to be independent of the access control system to lock the lock, for example by means of a conventional cylinder lock.

However, it is preferred if the lock is a door and if the actuator locks the latch with an outside door handle couples when an authorized user is in the reading area the reader is located so that the authorized user to unlock and open the door only the outside door handle must press.

In this embodiment, it is possible, for example, that Lock the door by means of the bolt for all users, except for such authorized users, their identifiers too unlocking the bolt enables.

It is further preferred if the lock has a door with an interior door handle that is unsolvable with the latch and / or bolt is coupled so that any user the door of can open inside.

Overall, it is advantageous if the actuator and the control device to one another via an electrical line communicate.

This makes it possible to largely control the location of the control device free to choose.

Alternatively, the actuator and communicate the control device wirelessly with each other.

Especially when the actuator is in or on a door is provided as a lock, it is avoided that a electrical cable bridge the gap between the door rebate and the door got to. This can increase security.

It is particularly preferred if the communication between the actuator and the control device encrypted is.

This measure also increases the security of the access control system considerably.

The actuating device is preferably within the lock or arranged on the lock and inside or on the Locking is also an energy supply and a receiver for receiving wireless command signals from the control device intended.

By this measure, the actuator can be compared Protect unauthorized access. Through our own energy supply is guaranteed that the energy supply cannot be manipulated by unauthorized users.

Overall, it is also advantageous if the reading device is arranged in the area of an outside space of a space barrier, which blocks an interior from an exterior.

As a result, the reading area can be large and adapted to the respective Environment are trained.

It is particularly preferred if the reading area differs from the reading device over a radius of at least one meter extends in the outside space.

With this size of the reading area it is guaranteed in any case that authorized users gain access to the interior can, without actively opening a space lock to have to perform.

According to a further, overall preferred embodiment the control device is arranged in the area of the interior.

In this way, security can be increased, because the special safety-related control device is not in the accessible outdoor area.

It is further preferred if the actuating device is inside the lock is arranged.

Furthermore, it is generally preferred if the identification transmitter is an active transponder that responds to an interrogation signal from the Read device the authorization signal to the read device transfers.

In the present context, an active transponder is used understood that the transponder has its own power supply, for example in the form of a battery. Through the The transponder can use a battery with a much higher transmission power radiate than is possible with passive transponders is. Consequently, the authorization signal is from the reader from a greater distance, for example more than a meter to read.

It is particularly preferred if the query signal is on pulsed signal.

In this way, the energy consumption of the access control system be reduced.

It is also preferable if the active transponder is normally is in an energy-saving sleep mode and through that Query signal can be activated.

This leads to a low energy consumption of the active Transponders in the normal state only if the transponder "queried", it is activated from its sleep mode and gives with the full power available to him the authorization signal.

In the access control system according to the invention with a plurality of access control systems according to the invention are Control units of the access control systems with at least one Base station connected.

In this way, the access authorizations can be centralized Control point, namely from the base station.

The authorization to access can therefore be done from a central location with immediate effect for certain or all access control systems be canceled or changed. For example can access right from a central location immediately be blocked when an employee leaves. Even if the employee accidentally or his identification transmitter willingly not, the Retired employees once again have unnoticed access to the Operating rooms and / or operating resources.

It is particularly advantageous if the base station has a recording device has, the times of opening and / or Locks records.

In this way, for example, operational processes optimize.

It is particularly preferable if at the opening / closing times the assigned authorized user is saved in each case becomes.

This makes it possible to track which user was in which room at what time.

It is understood that the above and those below Features to be explained not only in each case specified combination, but also in other combinations or can be used alone without the scope of the to leave the present invention.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Zugangskontrollsystems von oben sowie die Anbindung an eine zentrale Basisstation;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Detailansicht einer alternativen Ausführungsform eines Zugangskontrollsystems von der Seite und;

Fig. 3

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer dritten alternativen Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Zugangskontrollsystems.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of an access control system according to the invention from above and the connection to a central base station;

Fig. 2

a detailed schematic view of an alternative embodiment of an access control system from the side and;

Fig. 3

is a schematic perspective view of a third alternative embodiment of an access control system according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, an access control system according to the invention is general designated by 10.

The access control system 10 has a plurality of access control systems 12, one of which is shown in FIG. 1 is.

The access control system 12 serves to access one Exterior space A through a door 14 to an interior space I control or to control.

The access control system 12 is connected to a via a line 18 central base station 16 of the access control system 10 connected.

The door 14 is connected to a wall or a hinge 22 Door frame 24 hinged. In the illustration of Fig. 1 lets the door 14 to both the interior I and the exterior A open up. A door closer indicated schematically at 23 closes the door when no opening force is exerted on the door 14 becomes.

On the door 14 there is an outside door handle 26 in a conventional manner and an inside door handle 28 is provided.

A positive lock indicated schematically at 30 is designed to be movable transversely to the opening direction. In the illustration 1, the lock 30 locks the door 14 so that the Door cannot be opened by an unauthorized user can.

An actuating device 32 is also provided in the door 14, by means of the lock 30 from the shown locking position be moved to an unlock position and vice versa can. This can be done, for example, by using the outside door handle 26 coupled to the lock 30 or decoupled from it becomes. The outer door handle 26 is in a normal state then decoupled from the lock 30, so that the outside door handle can be operated without triggering a function. at Coupling the outer door handle 26 with the lock 30 introduces Actuation of the outside door handle 26 so that the lock 30 in the unlock position is shifted.

The actuating device 32 is connected to a via a line 36 Control device 38 connected. The control device 38 is arranged in the area of the interior I. In other words cannot on the control device 38 from the outside space A. be accessed.

It is an alternative to the illustrated electrical line 36 also possible to establish a wireless communication link between the actuating device 32 and the control device 38. This is indicated schematically at 40 in FIG. 1.

In the area of the outside space A there is a reading device next to the door 14 42 provided. Optionally, a display device can also be used 44 are provided, the opening or closing status the door 14 indicates.

The reading device 42 sends into the outside space A, and possibly also into the interior I, pulsed query signals 46. The pulsed Interrogation signals serve to activate an active transponder 54. The active transponder 54 is in an identification transmitter 54 added by an authorized person 48 will be carried.

The active transponder 54 is usually in one Sleeping state in which its energy consumption is minimal. The active transponders have their own energy supply in the form a battery or the like. As soon as the active transponder receives the pulsed interrogation signal 46, it activates itself and sends a code or an encrypted message. As soon as the authorized person 48 is in a reading area 50, the reader 42 can receive the authorization signal 56 received by the active transponder 54. The The limit of the reading range is shown schematically at 52 in FIG. 1.

The reading device 42 is connected to the control device 38 and passes the message of the authorization signal 56 the control device 38. In the control device 38 is in Real-time checks whether the message or the content of the authorization signal 56 the carrier of the transponder 54 for access entitled to the interior I. If so, send the controller 38 issues a command to the actuator 32, so that the outside door handle 26 with the lock 30 is coupled. Authorized user 48 can then use the door 14 open by pressing the outside door handle 26 without being active a locking medium like a key, a passive transponder or the like to use.

The display device 44 is also with the control device 38 connected. If the controller is reading a has recognized valid authorization signal 56, this is on the Display device 44 displayed, for example by means of a green light emitting diode.

As long as the reader 42 is not a valid authorization signal 56 receives, lights on the on the display 44 either no light emitting diode or another light emitting diode, for example in red color.

The control device 38 is connected via line 18 to the central one Base station 16 connected.

At least one computer 60 is connected to the base station 16 and / or an internal microprocessor is provided. If hereinafter referred to as an (external) computer, so this also refers to an (internal) microprocessor. The computer 60 is used to control the access control systems via the base station 16 12 monitor and record if necessary, at what time the doors 14 opened and / or closed become.

For long-term storage, the computer 60 is equipped with a recording device 62, for example in the form of a magnetic tape storage, an optical disk drive with write mode (CD-ROM recorder), or the like.

Furthermore, a programming device can be located on the base station 60 64 connected by means of the active transponder 54 in Identification transmitters can be programmed.

Programming the identification transmitter or transponder 54 can be omitted if each transponder 54 has a unique Has code and if the respective base station 16 Control devices 38 lists of authorized or not authorized Receive transponder 54.

Although an electrical line 18 is shown in FIG connects the base station 16 and the control device 38, it goes without saying that the connection is also wireless, for example can be realized by radio. Possibly. can also use programming devices 64 wirelessly connected to the computer 60 his. In this case, the active transponders 54 can be Program the location using the mobile programming device.

The control device 38 can also be programmed to to lock the door 14 again after authorized access. To for this purpose, the control device 38 sends when the authorized User 48 has left the reading area 50, one Command to the actuator 32 that lock 30 in the locked position and the outer door handle 26 of the Lock 30 decoupled.

There is also a time monitor in the control device 38 provided that initiates the re-locking process if after a authorized access has expired for a certain period of time is.

The door closer 23 ensures that the door 14 after an authorized opening again in the closed position is reset in which the re-locking process takes place can.

The actuator 32 and the lock 30 and the clutch to the outside door handle 26 can by a commercially available Mortise lock can be realized.

Furthermore, retrofitting is largely possible without any problems.

The reading device 42 can be, for example, a conventional one Flush-mounted box must be included.

The control device 38 can be integrated into the reading device 42 be when the security requirements are not too high are. It is also conceivable that the "intelligence" of the access control system 12 only centrally in the base station 16 is present. In other words, it is possible to use the control devices 38 can also be implemented in the base station 16. This applies in particular to smaller access control systems 10.

A sensor can be provided that the opening / closing state the door 14 monitors so that it is ensured that relocking only takes place when the door is back closed is. Such a sensor can, for example, in the door closer 23 may be integrated.

2 is an alternative embodiment of an access control system 68 shown.

In the access control system 68 there is one in the door 14 ' Lock provided with a latch 70 and a bolt 72.

It is understood that the actuator 32 'in the present Case can be designed to either only the trap 70 to control only the bolt 72 or both elements 70, 72 in parallel.

For example, it may be desirable to lock latch 72 independently to be operated by the access control system 68, for example using a conventional cylinder lock.

3 shows a further particularly preferred embodiment of an access control system 80 according to the invention.

The access control system 80 has a conventional lock 82 with a rigid outside knob 84.

On the inside is an inside door handle in a conventional manner 86 provided.

The inner door handle 86 is conventional with a Trap 88 of the lock 82 coupled.

Furthermore, the lock 82 has a latch in a conventional manner 90 on that by means of a schematically indicated locking cylinder 91 can be actuated.

In the present case, the unspecified door locked in the normal state only by the trap 88.

The latch 88 cannot be actuated from the outside because the outside knob 84 is rigid.

To control access to the interior is like the first one Embodiment a reading device 92 provided that is designed to automatically with an active transponder 54 communicate. The reader 92 is in the present Embodiment designed so that the function of the control device 38 takes over. The reader 92 is over a line 94 is connected to an electric door opener 96, which is designed to lock or unlock the latch 88.

If the reading device 92 has an authorization signal 56 receives authorized person 48, controls the reading device 92 via line 94 to the door opener 96. By releasing (Unlocking) the trap 88, the authorized person 48 can Then simply push the door open or pull on the door Open outside knob 84, depending on the direction in which the Door opens.

Once the authorized person 48 has access to the interior the door falls by means of an unspecified one Door closer again. The electric door opener 96 will blocked again as soon as the authorized person 48 from the Reading area 50 has come out and / or a certain time has expired. The door is then locked again.

Via a line 98, the reading device 92 is also connected to a Display device 100 connected, which displays in the outside, whether the door is locked or unlocked. Suitable ones serve this purpose LEDs that are not specified.

Optionally, a further display device can be on the inside 100 'is present, which also shows the door status.

If it is not desired that people get into the interior, can be operated by means of the lock cylinder 91, the bolt 90 become. Because the bolt 90 through the electric strike 96 is not released, the door remains locked, even if an authorized person 48 is in the reading area 50 of the reading device 92 is located.

The same applies to a situation in which a person is in the Interior is located. If the latch 90 is in the locking position is located, a person inside the door do not open using the inside door handle 86 alone.

Alternatively, the lock 82 can also be designed as a panic lock his. In this case, the door is opened from the inside always possible by operating the inside door handle 86, independently whether the latch 90 is in the locked position located or not.

In the present embodiment, an access control system presented in which a room lock in the form of a door Access from an outside space (A) through the door to one Interior (I) controls.

It is understood that the lock of a room lock is not in Form of a trap and / or a bolt must take place, but can also be realized by automatic door drives of all kinds can, for example automatic sliding doors, swing door drives or engine cylinder.

It is also understood that other types instead of a door controlled by space barriers from the access control system are, for example, turnstiles, roller shutters, roller shutters.

Furthermore, a mechanical lock for equipment can also be used as a lock be formed within a building, for example as a cabinet lock, drawer lock, etc.

Finally, the lock can also be an electrical lock or electronic equipment that gives access to the prevents electrical or electronic equipment, for example to a PC, a telephone, a dictation machine, a fax machine, etc. Of course, the same applies to others electrical capital goods. For example, the lock also lock a machine tool so that the machine tool can only be operated by authorized users.

Claims (26)

Access control system (12; 68; 80) for checking the authorization to open a lock (14) in or on a building (G), the lock (14) being locked against access by unauthorized users in a normal state, with a reading device ( 42; 92), a control device (38) and an actuating device (32; 96) which communicate with one another in such a way that the actuating device (32; 96) unlocks the lock (14) when the reading device (42; 96) receives an authorization signal ( 56), the authorization signal (56) being able to be transmitted by an identification transmitter (54) carried by an authorized user (48),
characterized in that
the identification transmitter (54) and the reading device (42; 92) automatically communicate with one another in such a way that the actuating device (32; 96) unlocks the lock (14) as soon as the authorized user (48) is in a reading area (50) who extends so far around the lock (14) that the authorized user (48) can open the lock (14) without actively using a locking medium. Access control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the lock (14) is automatically locked again after an unlocking process if a locking condition is fulfilled. Access control system according to claim 2, characterized in that the locking condition is fulfilled when the lock (14) is closed again after opening. Access control system according to claim 2, characterized in that the locking condition is fulfilled if the lock (14) is closed again after opening and / or the authorization signal (56) is no longer received by the reading device (42; 96). Access control system according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the locking condition is fulfilled if the lock (14) is closed again after opening and / or a certain time has expired. Access control system according to one of Claims 1-4, characterized in that the access control system has a lock closer (23) which is associated with the lock (14) and closes the lock (14) when a force in the opening direction of the door (14) is below one certain threshold. Access control system according to one of Claims 1-6, characterized in that the lock (14) is a door (14) with a latch (88) and that the actuating device (96) is arranged in a door frame and the latch (88) for unlocking releases. Access control system according to one of Claims 1-6, characterized in that the lock (14) is a door (14) with an external door handle (26) and a latch (30; 70) which locks the door (14) and which is in the normal state of is uncoupled from the outside door handle (26), the actuating device (32) coupling the latch (30; 70) to the outside door handle (26) when the authorized user (48) is in the reading area (50) of the reading device (42), so that the authorized user (48) only has to actuate the outside door handle (26) to open the door (14). Access control system according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the lock (14) has a bolt (72) with which the lock (14) can be locked against opening. Access control system according to Claim 9, characterized in that the lock (14) is a door (14) and in that the actuating device (32 ') couples the bolt (72) to an external door handle (26) when an authorized user (48) is in the reading area (50) of the reading device (42), so that the authorized user (48) only has to actuate the outside door handle (26) to unlock and open the door (14). Access control system according to one of claims 7 - 10, characterized in that the lock (14) is a door (14) with an internal door handle (28) which cannot be detached from the latch (30; 70; 88) and / or the bolt (30 ; 72; 90) is coupled so that any user can open the door (14) from the inside. Access control system according to one of Claims 1-11, characterized in that the actuating device (32) and the control device (38) communicate with one another via an electrical line (36). Access control system according to one of Claims 1-11, characterized in that the actuating device (32) and the control device (38) communicate with one another wirelessly (40). Access control system according to Claim 13, characterized in that the communication between the actuating device (32) and the control device (38) is encrypted. Access control system according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the actuating device (32) is arranged within the lock (14) and in that within the lock (14) there is also a power supply and a receiver for receiving wireless command signals (40) from the control device ( 38) are arranged. Access control system according to one of Claims 1-15, characterized in that the reading device (42; 92) is arranged in the region of an outer space (A) of a lock (14) which blocks an inner space (I) from the outer space (A). Access control system according to Claim 16, characterized in that the reading area (50) extends from the reading device (42; 92) in the outside space (A) over a radius of at least one meter. Access control system according to Claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the control device (38) is arranged in the region of the interior (I). Access control system according to one of Claims 1-18, characterized in that the actuating device (32) is arranged within the lock. Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the identification transmitter (54) is an active transponder (54) which, on an interrogation signal (46) from the reading device (42; 92), sends the authorization signal (56) to the reading device (42 ; 92) transmits. Access control system according to claim 20, characterized in that the interrogation signal (46) is a pulsed signal (46). Access control system according to Claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the active transponder (54) is normally in an energy-saving sleep mode and can be activated by the query signal (46). Access control system (10) with a plurality of access control systems according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein their control units (38) with at least one base station (16) are connected. Access control system according to claim 23, characterized in that the base station (16) has a recording device (62) which records the times of opening and / or closing of the locks (14). Access control system according to Claim 24, characterized in that the assigned authorized user (48) is stored in each case during the opening / closing times. Method for checking the authorization to open a lock (14) in or on a building (G), the lock (14) being locked in a normal state against access by unauthorized users, a reading device (42; 92), a control device (38) and an actuating device (32; 96) communicate with one another such that the actuating device (32; 96) unlocks the lock (14) when the reading device (42; 92) has received an authorization signal (56), the authorization signal ( 56) is transmitted by an identification transmitter (54) which is carried by an authorized user (48),
characterized in that
the identification transmitter (54) and the reading device (42; 92) automatically communicate with one another in such a way that the actuating device (32; 96) unlocks the lock (14) as soon as an authorized user (48) is in a reading area (50) who extends so far around the door (14) that the authorized user (48) can open the lock (14) without actively using a locking medium.

Images