EP2350981B1 - Access checking and control system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an access control and control system for a defined and fixed area, comprising an access barrier, a force sensor, a stationary transmitting and receiving unit, a mobile transmitting and receiving unit and a control unit, wherein the access control and control system in the manner is designed to allow keyless access. The invention further relates to the use of such an access control and control system in a building management system and to a method of controlling an access control and control system.

Access control and control systems (hereinafter referred to as "ZKS system") for a demarcated and fixed area are known, for example from the DE 10 2007 004 073 A1 , These allow the retrieval of access authorizations, check the corresponding information and, depending on the examination result, at least grant access to a defined and fixed area. Here, a delimited area is to be understood in the following to mean an area which, on the outside, comprises a physical boundary, such as, for example, a fence, a room or building wall, a furniture wall, etc. The delimitation according to the invention therefore separates the area lying before the delimitation and the area lying behind the delimitation spatially from one another. In the following, stationary means any type of area which is substantially stationary and is not intended for frequent movement or is designed to be mobile. A typical stationary area within the meaning of the invention is, for example, a plot, building, a room in a building, a compartment located in a building, etc. The DE 19957087 A1 discloses a motor vehicle door closure system with touch sensor.

Known ZKS systems, which are intended for use in demarcated and fixed areas, usually have an access barrier which, in a "closed" state, blocks access from an access side located in front of the access barrier to an inner side behind the access barrier and into an "open" state allows access. The access barrier within the scope of the invention thus makes it possible, by suitable control, to enable or block access to the demarcated and stationary area. A typical access barrier within the meaning of the invention is, for example, a house, building or room door. However, the term access barrier within the meaning of the invention also covers other room openings, such as, for example, building or room windows, hatches, pet flaps, gates, in particular garage doors, etc. An access barrier in the sense of the invention can also be furniture elements, such as cabinet doors, drawers, etc ., be. The access barrier is further configured to be movable between a "closed" state and an "open" state. In the "closed" state, the access barrier blocks access from the access side to the inside. In the "open" state, on the other hand, the access barrier frees access from the access side to the inside and vice versa.

In order to effectively prevent unauthorized access to the inside, the access barrier has a locking unit which selectively locks the access barrier in the "closed" state in a "locked" state and releases it in an "unlocked" state. In the "locked" state, therefore, a manipulation-free opening or movement of the access barrier from the "closed" state to the "open" state is not possible. For this purpose, the locking unit must first be brought from the "locked" state to the "unlocked" state. Typical locking units are, for example, locks, in particular door locks, door openers, window locks, etc.

In order to switch the locking unit from the "closed" state to the "open" state, a corresponding authorization proof is required, which the ZKS system queries, checks and triggers in the presence of a corresponding changeover of the locking unit. Such a proof of entitlement can be done, for example, by means of a door key, a suitable code device, such as card readers or code input devices with keyboards, but in particular also with devices for acquiring biometric data, etc. Alternatively, radio keys are known which emit a corresponding authorization signal when actuated.

However, all these ZKS systems have in common that the person requesting access must take an active role in order to prove his eligibility and thus gain access to the inside. For example, he has to perform key operation, code entry or biometric verification. This is often felt to be inconvenient, especially in those situations where the entrant does not have a free hand available, since, for example, when using identification means such as keys, cards, tags, etc., the entrant is required has these credentials at hand. This disadvantage is also particularly evident when the user must pass several access barriers, as is often the case, for example, in office buildings, in specially secured areas.

Based on this prior art, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a ZKS system for a demarcated and stationary area, which is characterized by increased ease of use, a simplified procedure for proving the access authorization and at the same time by increased reliability in terms of access control and - control system.

The object is achieved with a ZKS system, with the use of a ZKS control system in a building management system and with a method for controlling a ZKS system according to one of the independent claims. Preferred developments are specified in the dependent claims.

The ZKS system according to the invention is characterized essentially by the interaction of the access barrier with a force sensor, a stationary transmitting and receiving unit, a mobile transmitting and receiving unit and a control unit. The force sensor is designed to absorb force changes acting on the access barrier in the "locked" state. The force sensor is accordingly arranged on the access barrier in such a way that it registers forces acting on the access barrier, in particular forces acting on them in and against the opening direction of the access barrier. Such forces occur, inter alia, in an attempt to open the locked door, jarring a door or even by acting on a door wind loads. The concrete arrangement and design of the force sensor in the ZKS system according to the invention is, for example, in the patent application DE 10 2007 004 073 A1 the applicant in relation to a door described in more detail. In this case, the force sensor in the ZKS system according to the invention is particularly preferably designed with a preload in order to also be able to detect negative forces acting on the access barrier. Another feature of the force sensor in the ZKS system according to the invention is that it is designed to detect force changes, ie it registers the extent to which the forces acting on the access barrier change with respect to a zero point. If the force sensor detects such a force change, as is the case, for example, in the case of an opening attempt by a person in need of access, he generates an access signal. The access signal is thus generated, for example, in the inventive ZKS system when a person attempts to open the access barrier. It goes without saying it goes without saying that the force sensor for this purpose may, for example, comprise a corresponding control unit, etc.

The ZKS system according to the invention also has a stationary transmitting and receiving unit, which is designed to emit a localization signal and to receive an identification signal. The structure and operation of such transmitting and receiving units is already known in the art. By transmitting the localization signal, the stationary transmitting and receiving unit can finally determine whether a mobile transmitting and receiving unit, which will be explained in more detail below, is located in its transmitting and receiving area. This responds (at least under certain conditions) to the receipt of the localization signal with the transmission of the identification signal. To receive it, the transmitting and receiving unit is formed. As a result, the identification signal corresponds to a proof of entitlement. The stationary transmitting and receiving unit according to the invention does not necessarily transmit the localization signal continuously. Although this is possible in principle, but the emission of the localization signal is at least when the force sensor generates the access signal. In the latter embodiment, the query of the authorization in the ZKS system according to the invention is therefore only started when the force sensor has detected a force change of the forces acting on the access barrier. It is of course possible that the localization signal also takes place beyond the time of generation of the access signal by the force sensor. Rather, it is essential for this embodiment that the actuation of the force sensor and the associated generation of the access signal triggers the emission of the localization signal by the stationary transmitting and receiving unit. In this case, the ZKS system can optionally triggered via the force sensor and check whether the user when leaving the door also an access authorization (in the form of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit described in more detail below) with it. If this is not the case, in a further aspect of the invention corresponding acoustic and / or visual alarm means, such as sirens, lights, etc., can be activated.

The mobile transmitting and receiving unit is a device that may entail the entrant, for example in a trouser pocket or purse. The mobile transmitting and receiving unit is designed to receive the localization signal and to transmit the identification signal. In other words, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit thus replies to the stationary transmitting and receiving unit when it receives the localization signal transmitted by it. However, an essential aspect of the invention lies in the fact that the mobile transmitting and receiving unit does not necessarily affect the received localization signal the stationary transmitting and receiving unit responds by sending the identification signal. For this purpose, more measures are required in the ZKS system according to the invention rather.

According to an essential basic idea of the invention, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit has a vibration sensor which is designed to detect vibrations of the transmitting and receiving unit. In other words, the vibration sensor responds when the mobile transceiver is moved. This is in an exemplary embodiment in the WO 2008/085245 A1 disclosed. The vibration sensor is integrated into the mobile transmitting and receiving unit in such a way that the mobile transmitting and receiving unit, after the detection of vibrations by the vibration sensor from a "passive" state in which the mobile transmitting and receiving unit does not send an identification signal, switches to an "active" state in which the mobile transceiver unit transmits the identification signal in response to the identification signal. In this context, it is thus particularly significant for the invention that the mobile transmitting and receiving unit does not always respond to the reception of the localization signal by transmitting the identification signal, but only when the vibration sensor registers a movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit , The vibration sensor switches the mobile transmitting and receiving unit "in focus", as it were, after the detection of vibrations so that it responds to the stationary transmitting and receiving unit. The formation of the vibration sensor is basically known from the prior art. Correspondingly suitable vibration sensors determine, for example, the change in position, accelerations etc. of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit in at least one, preferably in a plurality of spatial directions, since in this way a higher detection accuracy can be achieved. The concrete design of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit in the ZKS system according to the invention thus makes it possible for the mobile transmitting and receiving unit to be placed in the receiving area of the stationary transmitting and receiving unit without permanently triggering a changeover of the ZKS system. Rather, this is only possible if the mobile transmitting and receiving unit has been brought into the "active" state by the vibration sensor in the manner described above.

Preferably, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit further comprises a timer function in such a way that the switching of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit from the "passive" state to the "active" state after the detection of vibrations for a predetermined time window without further Detection of vibrations is maintained. After an initial movement (eg shaking) of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit and a subsequent resting of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit, the "active" state thus remains for this predetermined one Time window maintained. After expiration of this time window (or in the absence of such a timer function), the mobile transmitting and receiving unit switches back to the "passive" state and correspondingly no longer responds to the localization signal of the stationary transmitting and receiving unit.

The coordination or monitoring of whether the force sensor generates the access signal and whether the stationary transmitting and receiving unit receives an identification signal of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit, according to the invention is carried out with a control unit which is designed in such a way that they are present in a simultaneous presence of the Identification signal and the access signal transmitted an unlocking signal to the locking unit, so that the locking unit from the "locked" state switches to the "unlocked" state. The control unit is further functionally integrated into the ZKS system such that, in the absence of the identification signal and / or the access signal, it interrupts the transmission of the unlock signal or, alternatively, transmits a lock signal to the lock unit, such that the lock unit is in the "unlocked" state in the "locked" state switches. The control unit thus essentially coordinates the interaction of those elements of the ZKS system according to the invention which are present on the side of the stationary transmitting and receiving unit or not on the side of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit. The specific embodiment of the control unit is also already known from the prior art and may, for example, correspondingly comprise suitable microchips, circuits, etc. Furthermore, it is of course also possible with regard to the switching of the locking unit from the "unlocked" state to the "locked" state to have a timer function, so that the corresponding switching takes place only after a certain time interval has elapsed after the access signal has failed and / or the identification signal was received ,

In summary, a core property of the ZKS system according to the invention is therefore in particular that the entrant can trigger a release process of the ZKS system solely by a force on the access barrier and its movement or the movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit. Thus, both hands of the entrant may be occupied and still access, for example via the use of the foot, the knee, the shoulder, etc., from the access side to behind the access barrier lying inside with appropriate credentials possible.

By integrating the vibration sensor in the mobile transmitting and receiving unit and the provision of the force sensor in the above-described embodiment, it is further ensured that a mobile transmitting and receiving unit lying in the reception area of the stationary transmitting and receiving unit, as is frequently the case, for example, in the area of entrance door entrances, does not trigger a permanent unlocking of the ZKS system. Due to the fact that it is necessary that a movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit is necessary to trigger an unlocking operation and the ZKS system according to the invention is simultaneously formed in such a way that it returns to a failure of movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit switches back the "locked" state, it is possible to prevent a permanent opening of the ZKS system even with permanent presence of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit in the reception area of the stationary transmitting and receiving unit. The ZKS system according to the invention is therefore also particularly safe at the same time.

Finally, in particular the integration of the vibration sensor and the force sensor into the ZKS system according to the invention leads to its being characterized by a particularly low energy requirement, which is advantageous in particular from a maintenance and environmental point of view.

Another essential aspect of the invention is that the force sensor has a dynamic zero point determination. Thus, the determination of the force change is thus not based on an absolute zero value, but rather dynamically, ie in addition as a function of time. The force sensor includes, for example, a corresponding control unit o. Ä. This embodiment makes it possible for the inventive ZKS system itself to define the reference point for determining the force change threshold value. For this purpose, the force sensor automatically performs a zero point determination at specific time intervals, which specifies the force value to which the change in force is related. The zero point is adapted in this way, for example, to external changing conditions or the ZKS system according to the invention can adequately respond to changing environmental conditions, without manual intervention of, for example, maintenance personnel is required. In addition, such a ZKS system is particularly safe. For example, if the access barrier is a front door, this embodiment of the invention enables the ZKS system to respond, inter alia, to an emerging storm resulting in wind loads that increase on the front door and over time, in that way Force change threshold is continuously adjusted to the increasing wind loads. Similarly, this ZKS system according to the invention can compensate for changes in door deflection due to temperature and humidity differences in summer and winter. This embodiment of a ZKS system according to the invention is thus particularly versatile, without compromising the safety of the ZKS system.

Preferably, the force sensor is designed in such a way that it generates the access signal only when a force change threshold value is exceeded. In this embodiment of the invention, a response of the ZKS system or the generation of an access signal by the force sensor is only possible when the force on the access barrier is so high that the determined by the force sensor or force change exceeds a predetermined threshold , The determination according to the invention of a force change threshold value to be exceeded for opening the access barrier thus determines a minimum opening force which must be applied in order ultimately to trigger the generation of an access signal by the force sensor. In this way it is ensured that regularly acting on access barriers forces, such as wind loads, forces triggered by seals, etc., just do not trigger the generation of an access signal. In addition, by matching the level of the change in force threshold, an adaptation of the inventive ZKS system to the respective ambient conditions can be achieved or the response accuracy of the inventive ZKS system can be varied.

In a further preferred embodiment of the ZKS system according to the invention, the stationary transmitting and receiving unit is designed in such a way that it continuously emits the localization signal and in particular comprises a presence check. The peculiarity of this embodiment is thus that the stationary transmitting and receiving unit emits the localization signal even if the force sensor is currently not generating an access signal. On the contrary, this embodiment of a ZKS system according to the invention "listens" permanently to what extent a mobile transmitting and receiving unit is located in its own receiving area without triggering an unlocking of the locking unit. As soon as the mobile transmitting and receiving unit is moved or the vibration sensor of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit detects a movement thereof, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit also sends out the identification signal, as already mentioned above. Only then (after the receipt of the identification signal) is the access barrier of the ZKS system according to the invention released. This embodiment of the invention thus allows, for example, the integration of additional security features, such as attendance control, etc.

A particularly preferred field of application of the ZKS system according to the invention is the control and control of building, room and room side doors. In such an application of the access control and control system according to the invention, the locking unit is preferably a remote-controlled door opener and a door lock, in particular a self-locking door lock. Such a particularly suitable locking unit is for example in the patent application EP 1 832 700 A2 the applicant described in more concrete.

Preferably, the stationary transmitting and receiving unit, the control unit and the force sensor are further integrated into the door opener housing. The resulting extremely compact design of the stationary part of the ZKS system facilitates, for example, the installation and assembly or the retrofitting of appropriate access barriers with such a ZKS system.

Another important aspect of the invention is the use of one of the ZKS systems described above in a building management system. Such systems can perform several functions for monitoring a building, such as access control and control, fire alarm functions, alarm functions, etc. A typical application of such building management systems are, for example, office buildings, separately secured areas, etc., but also buildings in the private sector. Examples of concrete monitoring functions are the control of closed states of doors and windows, attendance controls, localization routines, movement detection, the switching on and / or off of the lighting etc. It is characteristic of a building management system that this control over a building and / or on the building access or access to parts of the building, such as certain rooms, etc., allows. The use of a ZKS system according to the invention in a building management system is particularly advantageous because the information contained in the reception of the identification signal of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit can be used in addition to the activation of the locking unit, for example, to determine the presence of the person in a building. In addition, it is not necessary to release the access barrier that the entrant must actively operate a code request element, etc. with his hands. According to the simple, comfortable and fast succeeds the credentials and access to the inside with a ZKS system according to the invention. It is therefore also particularly suitable for use in the building management of office buildings or facilities, where often high throughput frequencies occur at certain access barriers (for example, in the entrance area, to elevators, etc.).

The advantages of the use according to the invention in a building management system are particularly clear, in which at least two of the ZKS systems according to the invention are connected to one another via a central control unit, wherein the central control unit controls and controls the state of the at least two ZKS systems with respect to one another. The central control unit thus collects and processes the data received from the individual ZKS systems and meets due to results based on these data (example results are "Authorization exists", "Authorization is within authorized time", "first ZKS system has already happened", "first ZKS system has not yet happened, so still there is no authorization for the second ZKS system ", etc.) certain control decisions. Since the information available on such a building management system is particularly diverse, the building management system according to the invention can be used in many places. Thus, for example, the integration of a ZKS system according to the invention into a main entrance and the integration of another ZKS system in a building rear entrance, via the central control unit of the building management system to detect those people who enter the building through the front entrance and leave through the back entrance , Of course, this basic approach can be extended arbitrarily according to the invention. For example, the building management system according to the invention is not limited to a specific number or to a specific use of ZKS systems according to the invention. A corresponding building management system can also be used, for example, within a building or an office wing, etc. In addition, additional functions may be provided, such as the control of cabinet locks, access rights to PCs, timer functions with pre-defined access permissions, switching on and / or off the lighting, etc.

1. 1. Aussenden des Lokalisationssignals durch die stationäre Sende- und Empfangseinheit;
2. 2. Empfangen des Lokalisationssignals durch die mobile Sende- und Empfangseinheit;
3. 3. Detektieren von Vibrationen durch den Vibrationssensor und Schalten der mobilen Sende- und Empfangseinheit in den "aktiv"-Zustand;
4. 4. Aussenden des Identifikationssignals durch die mobile Sende- und Empfangseinheit;
5. 5. Empfangen und Weiterleiten des Identifikationssignals durch die stationäre Sende- und Empfangseinheit an die Steuereinheit und Prüfen des Identifikationssignals durch die Steuereinheit;
6. 6. Betätigen der Zugangsbarriere;
7. 7. Feststellen einer Kraftänderung einer an dem Kraftsensor anliegenden Kraft und Übermitteln eines Zutrittssignals an die Steuereinheit;
8. 8. Prüfen der Steuereinheit, ob das Zutrittssignal und das Identifikationssignal vorliegen; und
9. 9. Schalten der Verriegelungseinheit von ihrem "Verriegelt"-Zustand in ihren "Entriegelt"-Zustand.

The further aspect of the invention is further in a method for controlling a ZKS system for a demarcated and fixed area as described above. A central idea of the method according to the invention is that the method comprises the following steps:

1. 1. transmitting the localization signal by the stationary transmitting and receiving unit;
2. 2. Receiving the localization signal by the mobile transmitting and receiving unit;
3. 3. detecting vibrations by the vibration sensor and switching the mobile transmitting and receiving unit to the "active"state;
4. 4. transmission of the identification signal by the mobile transmitting and receiving unit;
5. 5. Receiving and forwarding of the identification signal by the stationary transmitting and receiving unit to the control unit and checking the identification signal by the control unit;
6. 6. actuating the access barrier;
7. 7. detecting a force change of a force applied to the force sensor and transmitting an access signal to the control unit;
8. 8. Checking the control unit whether the access signal and the identification signal are present; and
9. 9. Switch the latch unit from its "locked" state to its "unlocked" state.

The invention additionally provides that the transmission of the access signal according to step 7 takes place only after exceeding a force change threshold value related to a dynamically fixed zero point or continuously adjusted zero point. As already mentioned above, such a control method allows an autonomous adaptation of the ZKS system to changing environmental conditions. Accordingly, an actual access will is detected particularly reliably by such a ZKS system.

The order of process steps 1 to 9 may vary. Thus, it is possible, for example, for the transmission of the localization signal by the stationary transmitting and receiving unit (step 1) and the steps 2 to 5 triggered thereby to take place only after the detection of the presence of an access signal by the control unit in accordance with step 7. In this method according to the invention, the ZKS system is thus "awakened" by the detection of a change in force, such as is caused for example by the pressing of a door, a cat flap, etc. This variant of the method is also distinguished by its outstanding energy balance, since an activation of the stationary part of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit is activated only when an access will actually exists (signaled by a corresponding force change). At the same time, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit does not respond permanently, but only when a corresponding vibration or movement of the mobile part has been detected.

Moreover, it has proved to be advantageous to equip at least one of the steps 1, 3, 4 and 7 to 9, particularly preferably at least one of the steps 4 or 9 and / or several steps with a timer function. In this case, a timer function is, in particular, a function which, after an initiating event, triggers an action provided in response thereto and maintains it for the duration of a defined time window.

Particularly preferably, the method for controlling a ZKS system is integrated into a method for controlling a building management system. In this way, the advantageous effects of a ZKS system according to the invention can be incorporated into a building management system.

Incidentally, it goes without saying that the method for controlling a ZKS system according to the invention is further designed in such a way that it switches again from the "unlocked" state to the "locked" state if the identification signal or the access signal fails accordingly (Which also applies to the ZKS system according to the invention). Of course, also with regard to this locking step, a corresponding timer function available be by means of which a time interval can be set, which begins to run from the absence of the access signal and / or the identification signal and the switching from the "unlocked" state takes place in the "locked" state after this time window.

Fig. 1

Ansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform eines ZKS-Systems ohne mobile Sende- und Empfangseinheit;

Fig. 2

Zustandsanzeige des ZKS-Systems gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

ZKS-System gemäß Fig. 1 mit mobiler Sende- und Empfangseinheit;

Fig. 4

Zustandsanzeige des ZKS-Systems gemäß Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

ZKS-System gemäß der Figuren 1 und 3 mit Vibrationsdetektion;

Fig. 6

Zustandsanzeige des ZKS-Systems gemäß Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

ZKS-System gemäß der Figuren 1, 3 und 5 mit Vibrationsdetektion und Überschreitung eines Kraftänderungsschwellenwertes;

Fig. 8

Zustandsanzeige des ZKS-Systems gemäß Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

Schematische Übersicht des ZKS-Systems gemäß Fig. 3;

Fig. 10

Schematische Übersicht des ZKS-Systems gemäß Fig. 5; und

Fig. 11

Schematische Übersicht des ZKS-Systems gemäß Fig. 7.

The invention will be explained with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures. They show schematically:

Fig. 1

View of a first embodiment of a ZKS system without a mobile transmitting and receiving unit;

Fig. 2

Status display of the ZKS system according to Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 3

ZKS system according to Fig. 1 with mobile transmitting and receiving unit;

Fig. 4

Status display of the ZKS system according to Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 5

ZKS system according to the FIGS. 1 and 3 with vibration detection;

Fig. 6

Status display of the ZKS system according to Fig. 5 ;

Fig. 7

ZKS system according to the FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 with vibration detection and exceeding a force change threshold;

Fig. 8

Status display of the ZKS system according to Fig. 7 ;

Fig. 9

Schematic overview of the ZKS system according to Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 10

Schematic overview of the ZKS system according to Fig. 5 ; and

Fig. 11

Schematic overview of the ZKS system according to Fig. 7 ,

In the embodiments shown below, the same components are provided with the same reference numerals.

According to the FIGS. 1, 3 . 5 and 7 For example, the ZKS system 1 includes an access barrier 2 extending from the in the FIGS. 1, 3 . 5 and 7 access door lying in front of the access barrier blocks access to an inside behind the access barrier 2, a force sensor 3, a stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4, a mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 (in Fig. 1 not present) and a control unit 6. The access barrier 2, which is a door enclosed in a door frame, further comprises a locking unit with a frame-side door opener Door lock 7 and the door lock 8 are arranged in such a way to each other that the access barrier 2 in the "closed" state (according to the Fig. 1, 3rd . 5 and 7 ) can be locked either in a "locked" state or can be brought by an unlocking of the door lock 8 or by a release on the door opener 7 in an "unlocked" state. In the "unlocked" state, the access barrier 2 can be opened ("open" state of the access barrier 2), thus allowing access from the access side to the inside behind the access barrier 2.

The force sensor 3 is the ZKS system 1 according to the FIGS. 1, 3 . 5 and 7 placed on the door opener 7 in such a way that it absorbs the force changes acting on the access barrier 2 in the "locked" state. In the concrete embodiment of the FIGS. 1, 3 . 5 and 7 the force sensor 3 is arranged on the case of the door opener 7 (not shown) with a spring action. The spring loading of the force sensor 3 requires that when the case of the door opener 7 is not loaded, a "zero force" is applied to the force sensor 3. If the access barrier 2 according to Fig. 1 ("Closed" state of the access barrier 2 and "locked" state of the locking unit) pulled towards the access side or pressed in the direction of behind the access side inside inside the door frame, these movements of the access barrier 2 are registered by the force sensor 3, as the in this case, force acting on the force sensor 3 is different from the zero force. If these force changes are above a predetermined threshold value (= force change threshold value), the force sensor 3 generates an access signal, which is transmitted via the line 9 to the control unit 6.

The stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4 is embedded in the ZKS system 1 in the adjacent to the access barrier 2 wall. This sends in the present embodiment according to the FIGS. 1, 3 . 5 and 7 continuously a localization signal 10 club-shaped in the front of the access barrier 2 lying area. Independently of signals from the force sensor 3, the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4 thus checks whether a mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 answering the identification signal 10 is present in the transmitting area of the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4.

The mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 serves as a transportable proof of identification in order ultimately to gain access through the access barrier 2. For this purpose, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 for receiving the localization signal 10 and for transmitting an identification signal 11 (FIG. FIGS. 5 and 7 ) educated. This identification signal 11 is transmitted by the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 but not continuously transmitted in response to the localization signal 10. This is how it works, for example Fig. 3 that the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 located in a quiet position indeed receives the localization signal 10 but does not respond to the transmission of the identification signal 11. For this purpose, it is necessary for the ZKS system 1 that the in Fig. 3 "sleeping" mobile transceiver unit 5 is "woken up". For this purpose, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 has a vibration sensor 12, which is designed to detect vibrations or to determine whether the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 is moved. If the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 detects a movement by means of the vibration sensor 12, for example by lifting or shaking the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5, it responds to the reception of the localization signal 10 in accordance with FIG Fig. 5 with the transmission of the identification signal 11, which is received by the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4, as far as the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 is in the required range. The mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 is thus, depending on the resting or a movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5, between a "passive" state ( Fig. 3 ) and an "active" state ( FIGS. 5 and 7 ) switchable. Switching from the "passive" state, in which the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 does not send out an identification signal 11 in response to the reception of the localization signal 10, into the "active" state, in which the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5, the identification signal 11 emits in response to the received localization signal 10, is dependent on the sensing of a movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 by the vibration sensor 12. Die FIGS. 1, 3 . 5 and 7 illustrate how an unlocking process runs. It goes without saying that the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 also switches back to the "passive" state after switching to the "active" state as soon as there is no longer any detection of a movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5. Accordingly, it goes without saying that the ZKS system according to the Fig. 1, 3rd . 5 and 7 also locked again (= locking process), should one of the signals required for unlocking fail or be interrupted.

Finally, the control unit 6 is connected to both the force sensor 3, the door opener 7 and the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4 and monitors to what extent the force sensor 3 generates an access signal and the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4 receives an (authorized) identification signal 11. In addition, the control unit 6 controls the locking state of the locking unit or in the present case of the door opener 7. If the identification signal 11 and the access signal of the force sensor 3 are present at the same time, the control unit 6 transmits an unlocking signal to the door opener 7 of the locking unit, so that the locking unit or the door opener switches from the "locked" state to the "unlocked" state.

The states of the individual elements of the ZKS system to one another in the course of a Unlocking process and in particular of the force sensor 3, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 and the door opener 7 illustrate the symbolic status displays according to the FIGS. 2, 4 . 6 and 8 , Fig. 2 indicates the states of the force sensor 3 (state 3 ') and the door opener 7 (state 7') according to Fig. 1, Fig. 4 according to Fig. 3 . Fig. 6 according to Fig. 5 and Fig. 8 according to Fig. 7 again. In the status indications according to the Fig. 4 . 6 and 8 Furthermore, the state of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 and the vibration sensor 12 (state 5 ') is reproduced. The symbolic traffic light 7 'represents the three possible states of the door opener 7 in the ZKS system 1. If the uppermost of the three fields is highlighted, the door opener 7 is in the "locked" state. This is at the FIGS. 2 and 4 the case. If the middle field is darkened, as in Fig. 6 , the door opener 7 is still in its "locked" state, but may in the presence of an access signal by the force sensor 3 in the "unlocked" state according to Fig. 8 be switched. This intermediate state according to Fig. 6 occurs when the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4 has received or received an identification signal 11 of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5. However, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 transmits this only if, on the one hand, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 is "woken up" or in the "active" state. This is for example according to Fig. 4 not the case (symbolized by the straight-line status display in the monitor according to 5 '). According to Fig. 3 4, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 rests so that no vibrations are detected by the vibration sensor 12. The mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 is thus located in Fig. 3 respectively. Fig. 4 in the "passive" state.

The FIGS. 5 and 6 differ from the FIGS. 3 and 4 in that the vibration sensor 12 of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 detects a vibration or movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5. This is symbolically reproduced by the signal in the monitor of the display 5 '. The mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 therefore switches to the "active" state and returns by sending the identification signal 11, the reception of the localization signal 10. The stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4 receives the identification signal 11 and determines whether an authorization to access through the ZKS system 1 is present. If this is the case, transmits the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4 this to the control unit 6, which the door opener 7 and the locking unit in the in Fig. 6 specified intermediate state switches.

The locking unit is still in the "locked" state, but can, as soon as the force sensor 3 detects a force change, be switched to the "unlocked" state. This is in the FIGS. 7 and 8 in which the force sensor 3 detects a change in force (indicated symbolically by the flash in the display panel 3 '), which is above a predetermined force change threshold. This is the case here, for example, by pressing the door in the opening direction of the case. The locking unit or the door opener 7 'now switches to the "unlocked" state and the door can be opened.

The FIGS. 9 to 11 illustrate in more detail the information transmission in the ZKS system 1, wherein like reference numerals represent like elements. Fig. 9 corresponds to the state according to the FIGS. 3 and 4 . Fig. 10 the state according to FIGS. 5 and 6 and Fig. 11 according to the state of FIGS. 7 and 9 ,

According to Fig. 9 is the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 in the transmission range of the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4, which transmits the localization signal 10. However, the localization signal 10 is not answered by the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5, since the vibration sensor 12 detects no movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 and this is thus in the "passive" state. In this way, it is therefore possible that the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 is indeed in the reception area of the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4, but the ZKS system 1 is still in the "locked" state or can not be walked on. Only by a movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5, this returns the localization signal 10 with the transmission of the identification signal 11. This situation is in Fig. 10 in which the vibration sensor 12 senses a movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 (according to FIG. 5 ') and subsequently sends out the identification signal 11 which is received by the stationary transmitting and receiving unit 4 which, if authorized, this transmitted to the control unit 6. This information flow of the identification signal 11 from the vibration sensor 12 to the control unit 6 is indicated by the dashed arrows in FIG Fig. 10 played. The control unit 6 thus registers the presence of the identification signal (symbolized by the left check mark), but does not yet switch the locking unit 7, 8 into the "unlocked" state. For this purpose, it is rather necessary that the force sensor 3 detects a force change of the forces applied to it and transmits a corresponding access signal 13 to the control unit 6. This is in Fig. 11 represented by the dotted arrow. If the control unit 6 determines that both the identification signal 11 (authorized) and the access signal 13 are present (the latter symbolized by the right-hand checkmark on the control unit 6), it transmits an unlocking signal 14 (symbolized by the dot-dashed arrow) to the locking unit 7, 8, which then switches to the "unlocked" state. The access barrier 2 can now be opened.

Not shown in the FIGS. 1 to 11 are implemented in the ZKS system 1 timer functions that ensure that after an unlocking process shown in the figures, the ZKS system 1 is also locked again. Timer functions are present in particular at the points in the ZKS system 1, which transmit signals. In this case, a timer function is to be understood as meaning the transmission of a signal after the signal-triggering event for a specific period of time. For example, the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5 transmits after the vibration sensor 12 wakes it up or switches it to the "active" state (eg, from Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 ), for a predetermined time window, the identification signal 11, regardless of whether the vibration sensor 12 for this entire period also detects a movement of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 5. Further elements which have such a timer function in the ZKS system 1 are the force sensor 3 and the control unit 6 for transmitting the unlocking signal 14.

Claims (11)

1. An access monitoring and control system (1) for a bounded and fixed region, comprising:

   a) an access barrier (2) which, in a "closed" state, blocks an admission from an admission side located in front of the access barrier (2) to an inner side located behind the access barrier (2), having a locking unit (7, 8) which optionally blocks the access barrier (2) in the "closed" state in a "locked" state and releases it in an "unlocked" state, the access barrier (2) being implemented in such a manner that, in the "unlocked" state of the locking unit (7, 8), it can be moved from the "closed" state into an "open" state, in which an admission from the admission side to the inner side is possible;

   b) a force sensor (3), which is implemented to record force changes acting on the access barrier (2) in the "locked" state, the force sensor (3) generating an admission signal (13) upon a detection of force changes;

   c) a stationary emitting and receiving unit (4), which is implemented to emit a localization signal (10) and to receive an identification signal (11), the stationary emitting and receiving unit (4) at least emitting the localization signal (10) when the force sensor (3) generates the admission signal (13);

   d) a mobile emitting and receiving unit (5), which is implemented to receive the localization signal (10) and to emit the identification signal (11), and

   e) a control unit (6), which is implemented in such a manner that it monitors whether the force sensor (3) generates the admission signal (13), and whether the stationary emitting and receiving unit (4) receives an identification signal (11) of the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5), and which, if the identification signal (11) and the admission signal (13) are present simultaneously, transmits an unlocking signal (14) to the locking unit (7, 8), so that the locking unit (7, 8) switches from the "locked" state into the "unlocked" state,

   characterized in that
   the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5) also has a vibration sensor (12), which is implemented to detect vibrations of the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5), the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5) being implemented in such a manner that, after the detection of vibrations by the vibration sensor, it switches from a "passive" state, in which the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5) does not emit an identification signal (11), into an "active" state, in which the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5) emits the identification signal (11) in response to the localization signal (10), and the force sensor (3) has a dynamic zero point determination.
2. The access monitoring and control system (1) according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the force sensor (3) is implemented in such a manner that it only generates the admission signal (13) upon exceeding a forced change threshold value.
3. The access monitoring and control system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the stationary emitting and receiving unit (4) is implemented in such a manner that it continuously emits the localization signal (10) and in particular comprises presence monitoring.
4. The access monitoring and control system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the locking unit (7, 8) is a remote-controlled door opener (7) and a door lock (8), in particular a self-locking door lock (8).
5. The access monitoring and control system (1) according to claim 4,
   characterized in that
   the stationary emitting and receiving unit (4), the control unit (6), and the force sensor (3) are integrated in a door opener housing.
6. The use of an access monitoring and control system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a building management system.
7. The use of an access monitoring and control system (1) according to claim 6,
   characterized inthat
   the building management system comprises at least two of the access monitoring and control systems (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the at least two access monitoring and control systems (1) being connected to one another via a central control unit, and the central control unit monitoring and controlling the state of the at least two access monitoring and control systems (1) with respect to one another.
8. A method for controlling an access monitoring and control system (1) for a bounded and fixed region according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:

   1. emitting of the localization signal (10) by the stationary emitting and receiving unit (4);

   2. receiving of the localization signal (10) by the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5);

   3. detecting of vibrations by the vibration sensor (12) and switching of the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5) into the "active" state;

   4. emitting of the identification signal (11) by the mobile emitting and receiving unit (5);

   5. receiving and relaying of the identification signal (11) by the stationary emitting and receiving unit (4) to the control unit (6) and checking of the identification signal (11) by the control unit (6);

   6. actuating the access barrier (2);

   7. detecting a force change of a force applied to the force sensor (3) and transmitting an admission signal (13) to the control unit (6);

   8. checking by the control unit (6) whether the admission signal (13) and the identification signal (11) are present; and

   9. switching of the locking unit (7, 8) from its "locked" state into its "unlocked" state, the transmission of the admission signal (13) according to step 7 only occurring after exceeding a force change threshold value, which is related to a continuously adapted zero point.
9. The method for controlling an access monitoring and control system (1) according to claim 8,
   characterized in that
   steps 1 to 5 are only executed upon establishing the presence of an admission signal (13) by the control unit (6) according to step 7.
10. The method for controlling an access monitoring and control system (1) according to any one of claims 8 or 9,
    characterized in that
    at least one of steps 1, 3, 4, and 7 to 9, in particular at least one of steps 4, 7, or 9, comprises a timer function.
11. The method for controlling an access monitoring and control system (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 10,
    characterized in that
    it is integrated in a method for controlling a building management system.

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