Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
  • B01D61/427—Electro-osmosis
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for separating carbon dioxide from a mixture of water and fuel, in particular from a water / fuel mixture present in a fuel cell.
• the invention also relates to a device with means for carrying out the method, with a separation system for separating carbon dioxide from a water / fuel mixture.
• the fuel is preferably, but not exclusively, methanol.
• Fuel cells are operated with liquid or gaseous fuels. If the fuel cell works with hydrogen, a hydrogen infrastructure or a reformer is required to generate the gaseous hydrogen from the liquid fuel.
• Liquid fuels are e.g. Gasoline, ethanol or methanol.
• a so-called DMFC Direct Methanol Fuel Cell * works directly with methanol as a fuel. The function and status of the DMFC are described in detail in “VIK Reports, No. 214 (Nov. 1999), pages 55 to 62.
• the liquid / gas mixture is cooled well below the boiling point of methanol, the carbon dioxide is bubbled out on an active surface and then the liquid / gas mixture is separated in a container.
• valuable fuel is led out of the fuel cell system without use and - unless it is converted by catalytic combustion in carbon dioxide and water with additional air on a catalyst - released into the environment.
• the emission of methanol is subject to the same requirements as that of internal combustion engines and must therefore be added to the total value of the hydrocarbons.
• the object of the invention is therefore to specify a method with which the separation of carbon dioxide from the water / fuel mixture is improved, and to provide an associated device.
• a separation system is used for the separation, which works on the principle of electroosmosis.
• the loss of fuel is avoided by the fact that time disadvantage of the methanol and water permeable membrane in a fuel cell is turned to an advantage.
• MEA Membrane Electrolyte Assembly
• MEA Membrane Electrolyte Assembly
• methanol- and water-permeable membrane that is chemically described by polyperfluoroalkysulfonic acid.
• Nafion methanol- and water-permeable membrane that is chemically described by polyperfluoroalkysulfonic acid.
• Nafion membranes are usually characterized by their equivalent weight, with the so-called Nafion 117 membrane usually being used especially in DMFC fuel cells. These membranes are hydrophobized for use in the fuel cell.
• the anode liquid is passed through a further cell or cells with a Nafion membrane, which can also be thinner than the usual Nafion 117 membrane, i.e. Nafion 115 or Nafion 112. Also Nafion material with a higher equivalent weight, i.e. 105 or 102, is conceivable.
• This device is called separation system in the following.
• the anode liquid is passed through the anodes and actively operated at very high current densities.
• the separation system is operated as an electro-osmosis system. Hydrogen is developed at the cathode. Due to the lower resistance of the Nafion membranes with lower equivalent weight or less thickness, the current density is very high even at low voltages and electroosmosis is therefore particularly pronounced.
• the methanol is transported to the cathode together with the water, a liquid which is depleted in methanol then remaining on the anode. In this way, the carbon dioxide is completely separated from the liquid transported to the cathode of the separation system. The cathode liquid can now be used again in the anode circuit of the fuel cell.
• Such a device can be used directly in a fuel cell system as an additional unit or cell arrangement.
• the problem solution described above using a DMFC operated with methanol as fuel to separate carbon dioxide from the water / fuel mixture can also be transferred to fuel cells operated with other fuels.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Family Cites Families (3)

• 2000
  • 2000-08-16 DE DE10039960A patent/DE10039960C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2001
  • 2001-07-31 WO PCT/DE2001/002910 patent/WO2002015305A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-07-31 CA CA002419448A patent/CA2419448A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-07-31 JP JP2002520334A patent/JP2004507048A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-07-31 EP EP01964875A patent/EP1338048A2/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2003
  • 2003-02-18 US US10/368,155 patent/US20030138677A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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