WO2002015304A2 - Verfahren zur abtrennung von kohlendioxid aus einem gemisch von wasser und brennstoff sowie zugehörige vorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur abtrennung von kohlendioxid aus einem gemisch von wasser und brennstoff sowie zugehörige vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002015304A2 WO2002015304A2 PCT/DE2001/002905 DE0102905W WO0215304A2 WO 2002015304 A2 WO2002015304 A2 WO 2002015304A2 DE 0102905 W DE0102905 W DE 0102905W WO 0215304 A2 WO0215304 A2 WO 0215304A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- carbon dioxide
- fuel
- methanol
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/427—Electro-osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/0031—Degasification of liquids by filtration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for separating carbon dioxide from a mixture of water and fuel, in particular from a water / fuel mixture present in a fuel cell.
- the invention also relates to a device with means for carrying out the method, with a separation system for separating carbon dioxide from a water / fuel mixture.
- the fuel is preferably, but not exclusively, methanol.
- Fuel cells are operated with liquid or gaseous fuels. If the fuel cell works with hydrogen, a hydrogen infrastructure or a reformer is required to generate the gaseous hydrogen from the liquid fuel.
- Liquid fuels are e.g.
- the liquid / gas mixture is cooled well below the boiling point of methanol, the carbon dioxide is bubbled out on an active surface and then the liquid / gas mixture is separated in a container.
- valuable fuel is removed from the fuel cell system without being used and, if not converted by catalytic combustion in carbon dioxide and water with additional air on a catalyst, released into the environment.
- the emission of methanol is subject to the same requirements as that of internal combustion engines and must therefore be added to the total value of the hydrocarbons.
- the object of the invention is therefore to specify a method with which the separation of carbon dioxide from a water / fuel mixture is improved, and to provide an associated device.
- a separation system is used for the separation, which works on the principle of the fuel cell.
- the loss of fuel is avoided by turning the current disadvantage of the fuel and water permeable membrane in a fuel cell to an advantage. Further details and advantages of the invention result from the description of exemplary embodiments.
- the invention is described in detail on the basis of a DMFC in which methanol is used as fuel.
- MEA Membrane Electrolyte Assembly
- MEA Membrane Electrolyte Assembly
- methanol- and water-permeable membrane which is chemically described by polyperfluoroalkysulfonic acid.
- Nafion a membrane which is chemically described by polyperfluoroalkysulfonic acid.
- Nafion a membrane which is available under the trade name Nafion.
- the Nafion membrane Usually characterized by their equivalent weight, with the so-called NaFion 117 membrane usually being used especially in DMFC fuel cells, which are hydrophobicized for use in the fuel cell.
- anode liquid in this method is passed through a further cell or cells with a Nafion membrane, which can also be thinner than the usual Nafion 117 membrane, ie Nafion 115 or Nafion 112. Also Nafion material lower equivalent weight 105 or 102 is conceivable.
- the anode liquid is passed into this cell or the additional unit of cells in the case of larger stacks and operated at the highest possible current densities.
- the cathode is supplied with air, so the cell itself ensures the current flow. Due to the high current densities, electro-osmosis is particularly pronounced and the methanol is conveyed to the cathode together with the water. A liquid enriched with carbon dioxide then remains on the anode. In this way, the carbon dioxide is completely removed from the liquid transported to the cathode Cut. The resulting liquid can now be used again in the stack's anode circuit. The remaining liquid on the anode of the separation system, which is enriched with carbon dioxide, can be separated more easily into gas and water in a gas separator. The anode liquid can circulate in this additional unit and the cathode liquid formed is recovered as a water / methanol mixture.
- the cell voltage should be as low as possible and the current density as high as possible so that the energy required for electroosmosis is as low as possible.
- the method described is particularly interesting when a membrane is used in a DMFC fuel cell that is considerably less permeable to ethanol and water than the Nafion membrane in the exchanger. It is then also possible to use proton-conductive membranes other than Nafion in the separation system.
- the currently essential disadvantage of the DMFC the membrane that is too permeable, is thus turned to advantage.
- Such a device can be used directly in a fuel cell system as an additional unit or cell arrangement.
- the problem solution described above using a DMFC operated with methanol as fuel to separate carbon dioxide from the water / fuel mixture can also be transferred to fuel cells operated with other fuels.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002520333A JP2004507047A (ja) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-07-31 | 水と燃料との混合物から二酸化炭素を分離する方法および付属装置 |
EP01964870A EP1354364A2 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-07-31 | Verfahren zur abtrennung von kohlendioxid aus einem gemisch von wasser und brennstoff sowie zugehörige vorrichtung |
CA002419445A CA2419445A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-07-31 | Method for removing carbon dioxide from a water/fuel mixture and corresponding device |
US10/368,078 US20030152818A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2003-02-18 | Method for separating carbon dioxide out of a mixture of water and fuel, and corresponding device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10040086.8 | 2000-08-16 | ||
DE10040086A DE10040086C1 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Kohlendioxid aus einem Gemisch von Wasser und Brennstoff sowie zugehörige Vorrichtung |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/368,078 Continuation US20030152818A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2003-02-18 | Method for separating carbon dioxide out of a mixture of water and fuel, and corresponding device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002015304A2 true WO2002015304A2 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
WO2002015304A3 WO2002015304A3 (de) | 2003-08-28 |
Family
ID=7652659
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2001/002905 WO2002015304A2 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-07-31 | Verfahren zur abtrennung von kohlendioxid aus einem gemisch von wasser und brennstoff sowie zugehörige vorrichtung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030152818A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1354364A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004507047A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2419445A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10040086C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002015304A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8945368B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2015-02-03 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Separation and/or sequestration apparatus and methods |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999021240A1 (de) * | 1997-10-16 | 1999-04-29 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Brennstoffzelle mit entgasungseinrichtung |
DE19807876A1 (de) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-26 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Brennstoffzellensystem |
-
2000
- 2000-08-16 DE DE10040086A patent/DE10040086C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-07-31 CA CA002419445A patent/CA2419445A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-31 JP JP2002520333A patent/JP2004507047A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-31 EP EP01964870A patent/EP1354364A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-31 WO PCT/DE2001/002905 patent/WO2002015304A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2003
- 2003-02-18 US US10/368,078 patent/US20030152818A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999021240A1 (de) * | 1997-10-16 | 1999-04-29 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Brennstoffzelle mit entgasungseinrichtung |
DE19807876A1 (de) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-26 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Brennstoffzellensystem |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10040086C1 (de) | 2002-01-10 |
JP2004507047A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
US20030152818A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
WO2002015304A3 (de) | 2003-08-28 |
CA2419445A1 (en) | 2003-02-14 |
EP1354364A2 (de) | 2003-10-22 |
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