EP1337713A1 - Compactor - Google Patents

Compactor

Info

Publication number
EP1337713A1
EP1337713A1 EP01990445A EP01990445A EP1337713A1 EP 1337713 A1 EP1337713 A1 EP 1337713A1 EP 01990445 A EP01990445 A EP 01990445A EP 01990445 A EP01990445 A EP 01990445A EP 1337713 A1 EP1337713 A1 EP 1337713A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pendulum
drum
vibration
vibrator
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01990445A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1337713B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Richter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamm AG
Original Assignee
Hamm AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamm AG filed Critical Hamm AG
Publication of EP1337713A1 publication Critical patent/EP1337713A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1337713B1 publication Critical patent/EP1337713B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
    • B06B1/16—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • B06B1/161—Adjustable systems, i.e. where amplitude or direction of frequency of vibration can be varied
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
    • E01C19/28—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows
    • E01C19/286—Vibration or impact-imparting means; Arrangement, mounting or adjustment thereof; Construction or mounting of the rolling elements, transmission or drive thereto, e.g. to vibrator mounted inside the roll
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
    • E01C19/28—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows
    • E01C19/288—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows adapted for monitoring characteristics of the material being compacted, e.g. indicating resonant frequency, measuring degree of compaction, by measuring values, detectable on the roller; using detected values to control operation of the roller, e.g. automatic adjustment of vibration responsive to such measurements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18344—Unbalanced weights
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18544—Rotary to gyratory
    • Y10T74/18552—Unbalanced weight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compacting device with at least one vibrating drum according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic compression device is known from EP 0 530 546 A.
  • the known compacting device has at least one movable drum, which is operatively connected to the unbalance exciter shafts of a vibration exciter arranged in parallel to the drum axis and rotating synchronously such that the roller optionally exerts a predominantly dynamic shear or pressure load on the ground.
  • the vibration is generated by at least two excitation shafts with counter-rotating masses. This results in a directional oscillation whose direction of action can be pivoted from a horizontal to a vertical direction.
  • the amplitude of the roller drum remains constant, so that only the direction of vibration is changed.
  • the generation of vibrations by circular vibrators is also known.
  • the unbalanced masses are preferably located on an axis in the middle of the drum and generate a rotating force.
  • Two unbalanced masses rotating in the same direction used, which are mutually adjustable in their phase the amount of the resulting compression force can be changed by changing the phase position.
  • Another parameter for adaptation to the operating conditions is the variation of the vibration frequency.
  • a method for measuring mechanical data of a soil and for setting the roller parameters, which is based on the aforementioned mechanical solution for adapting the compacting force and frequency, is known from WO 98/17865.
  • Orbital vibrators achieve higher compression values under comparable conditions than the directional vibration of the counter vibrators.
  • the directional vibration of the counter vibrators creates compressive forces in the ground, each of which only acts in one direction and thus only permits compaction to a limited extent by shifting different layers of the compacting substrate. If this direction of action of the vibration is pivoted from a vertical to a horizontal direction, for example to reduce the vibration that can be transmitted to buildings, the shear stress that can be transmitted to the substrate becomes very low.
  • phase shift is reduced from 180 ° to 0 °, so that the effect of a circular vibrator is created.
  • a major disadvantage of this concept is that it is not possible to constructively adjust the amplitude without creating undefined vibration states.
  • Another disadvantage is the high design effort.
  • the invention has for its object to simplify a compression device of the type mentioned in terms of its mechanical structure and to enable the generation of an oscillatory movement with which the introduction of force into the material to be compressed is optimized in order to enable rapid compression.
  • the vibration exciter consists of a pendulum vibrator for generating an elliptical vibration of the drum with a pendulum housing oscillating around the drum axis and with a single unbalance exciter shaft mounted in the pendulum housing at a radial distance from and parallel to this.
  • the use of a pendulum vibrator combines the advantages of the simple design of a circular vibrator with the adjustment options of a directional counter vibrator, as well as the compaction advantages of an oscillating drum movement.
  • the unbalanced mass rotating on the exciter shaft generates rotating forces. Since the excitation shaft is pivotally mounted in a pendulum housing about the drum axis, only small forces are transmitted outside the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pendulum.
  • the Force components of the unbalanced mass which are at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the pendulum, generate a moment on the pendulum housing around the drum axis and thus cause the pendulum to deflect. Due to the high frequency of the unbalanced mass and the inertia of the pendulum housing, the angle of the pendulum movement can be kept small.
  • the bandage Due to the pendulum vibrations of the pendulum housing, the bandage is fundamentally elliptical.
  • the pendulum housing is preferably supported radially against the bandage on the inside of the bandage via roller bearings.
  • the radial support can take place on the radially outer peripheral region of the pendulum housing or on corresponding radial housing gradations of the pendulum housing on the axial side surfaces.
  • the radial roller bearings transmit the vibrations of the pendulum housing to the drum.
  • the angular position of the longitudinal axis of the pendulum vibrator relative to a vertical plane through the drum axis can be adjusted with the aid of an adjusting device.
  • the orientation of the elliptical vibration relative to a vertical plane through the drum axis can thus be adjusted by, for example, ⁇ 90 °.
  • a damping element that allows and limits pendulum vibrations is arranged between the adjusting device for adjusting the angular position of the pendulum vibrator and the pendulum housing.
  • the damping element serves as a coupling element between an adjusting lever of the adjusting device and the oscillating pendulum housing.
  • the actuating lever specifies the angular position of the longitudinal axis of the pendulum vibrator, the damping element permitting the pendulum housing to oscillate to a certain extent about this angular position.
  • the longitudinal axis of the pendulum housing lies in a plane defined by the drive shaft of the pendulum vibrator and the unbalance shaft.
  • the elliptical waveform generated by the vibration drive is on the one hand about the angular position of the pendulum housing and on the other hand about the speed of the Imbalance exciter shaft variable.
  • the direction of the elliptical vibration and its intensity can be set.
  • the drive shaft of the pendulum vibrator is arranged coaxially to the drum axis, the drive shaft being mounted in the pendulum housing.
  • the drive shaft for the pendulum vibrator is coupled to the unbalance exciter shaft via an intermediate gear.
  • the intermediate gear can consist of a belt drive.
  • the unbalance exciter shaft can be driven directly electrically or hydrostatically.
  • the intermediate gear and the drive shaft of the pendulum vibrator can be omitted, so that the design effort is reduced.
  • two bandages are arranged side by side in the axial direction, which have a common pendulum vibrator.
  • the two bandages can be provided with independent bandage drives.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the bandage with internal pendulum vibrator
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the angular positions of the pendulum vibrator with the associated waveforms of the drum.
  • 1 is a road roller 1 with a chassis 3, a wheel drive with two rear wheels 7 and a front drum 4.
  • 2 shows a cross section through the bandage 4, the exemplary embodiment representing a divided bandage 4 with two bandage sections 4a, 4b.
  • the bandage sections 4a, 4b can each be provided with their own bandage drive 9a, 9b, which enable a relative movement of the two bandage sections during steering.
  • the connecting flange 13, to which the drum drive 9a, 9b is fastened, is elastically connected to the machine frame 3 via rubber elements 15.
  • the drum drives 9a, 9b are fastened to the vehicle frame 3 at a connection flange 13 and drive the drum sections 4a, 4b via an inner flange 11a, 11b in each case.
  • the bandage 4 receives in its interior a pendulum vibrator 10 which is driven by a drive shaft 22 which runs coaxially to the bandage axis 2 through the bandage drive 9a.
  • the drive shaft 22 is connected to a vibration drive 6.
  • the pendulum vibrator 10 consists essentially of a pendulum housing 8 with a single imbalance exciter shaft 12 mounted in the pendulum housing 8.
  • the imbalance exciter shaft 12 is provided with imbalance masses 16 fixedly attached to the imbalance exciter shaft 12.
  • the drive shaft 22 is connected to the unbalance exciter shaft 12 via a, e.g. connected from a belt drive 24 intermediate gear.
  • the belt drive 24 can have a toothed belt 34 which rotates via gear wheels 36, 38 on the drive shaft 22 or the imbalance exciter shaft 12 in order to transmit the drive energy to the imbalance exciter shaft 12. Since no synchronous running of the masses is required, V-belts can also be used.
  • the pendulum housing 8 is pivotable in the embodiment of FIG. 2 about a pivot axis which is coaxial with the drum axis 2.
  • the pendulum housing 8 is supported radially via a roller bearing 30 on its outer circumference against the bandage sections 4a, 4b.
  • the drive shaft 22 for the pendulum vibrator 10 is in turn supported in the pendulum housing 8 by means of a roller bearing 32.
  • the vibration drive 6 can drive the unbalance exciter shaft 12 directly, wherein the vibration drive 6 can consist of an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.
  • the drive shaft 22 and the intermediate gear consisting of a belt drive 24 between the drive shaft 22 and the unbalance exciter shaft 12 are omitted.
  • An actuating device 5 which preferably consists of a piston-cylinder unit, is fastened on one side to the frame element 13 and actuates an actuating lever, which is not visible in FIG. 2 and is hidden by the shaft 21, with the aid of which the shaft 21 passed through the drum drive 9b can be rotated is.
  • the shaft 21 is connected to an actuating lever 23, which is connected to the pendulum housing 8 at its radial end via at least one damping element 20.
  • the adjusting lever 23 can also consist of a disk, on the outer circumference of which a plurality of damping elements 20 are coupled to the pendulum housing 8. With the aid of the adjusting device 5, the pendulum vibrator 10 can thus be adjusted relative to a vertical plane through the drum axis 2.
  • the pendulum housing 8 can be adjusted continuously from its vertical rest position by ⁇ 90 ° with the aid of the adjusting device 5.
  • At least one unbalance mass 16 is attached to an unbalance exciter shaft and generates centrifugal forces when it rotates, the magnitude of which depends on the size of the unbalance and the speed of the exciter shaft.
  • the centrifugal forces act with the same strength in every direction.
  • the imbalance exciter shaft 12 is mounted in a pendulum housing 8, which in turn is suspended in parallel to the imbalance exciter shaft 12 so as to oscillate about the drum axis 2. Due to this oscillating suspension of the pendulum housing 8 centrifugal forces can only in the direction of the axis unbalance excitation shaft - drum center fully transferred. Forces perpendicular to this plane cause the pendulum housing to deflect from its rest position (pendulum vibration).
  • the mass of the pendulum vibrator 10 must be pivoted against its inertia about the drum axis 2. This creates reaction forces in the drum axis 2, which act orthogonally to the above-mentioned, directly transmitted centrifugal forces.
  • the size of the forces acting transversely to the main vibration level depends on the position of the center of gravity of the pendulum housing and the distance of the unbalance exciter shaft 12 from the drum center or pendulum suspension.
  • a more or less flat oscillation ellipse can be generated by suitable selection of the distances. This can be demonstrated mathematically and experimentally.
  • the position of the oscillation ellipse is adjustable by means of the adjusting device 5, with which the oscillating pendulum housing 8 can be pivoted in its angular position.
  • FIG. 3 shows, for example, three angular positions of the pendulum housing 8 marked with a, b and c with the associated elliptical drum vibrations.
  • the position a shows the vertical position of the pendulum vibrator 10 with an elliptical drum vibration, the main axis of which runs vertically.
  • position b of the pendulum housing 8 a drum vibration is generated, the The main axis runs at an angle of, for example, 45 ° to the vertical.
  • the pendulum housing can also be pivoted through an angle of 90 °, as a result of which an elliptical band oscillation can be set in which the main axis lies horizontally.
  • Each position between the angular positions a, b, c is adjustable.
  • the angle of the pendulum housing vibration can be kept small.
  • the pendulum housing 8 oscillates or swings relative to the angular position set with the aid of the adjusting device 5 as a central position by ⁇ 3 °.
  • the optimal direction of vibration for the compression intensity can be obtained by measuring the shape of the vibration during compression.
  • the change in the shape of the vibration with increasing compaction of the subsurface in comparison to the vibration with undensified subsoil represents a measured value for the compaction.
  • This measured value serves as a reference variable for controlling the direction of vibration. For example, when the substrate is not compacted, the angular position a is selected, while the position c can be selected when the compaction process is complete.
  • the road roller 1 can thus adapt to the subsurface conditions.
  • the actuating device 5 can be operated automatically or by hand control. During the automatic operation, the shape of the vibration or the change in the elliptical vibration movement of the roller drum is monitored.
  • the condition of the subsoil is determined by the vibration analysis.
  • the results of the vibration analysis can be used to automatically adjust the direction of vibration via a machine control.
  • a speed control for the Imbalance exciter shaft 12 are executed via the hydrostatic vibration drive 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

In a compressor comprising at least one traveling drum (4,4a,4b) rotatable about a drum axis (2), and an oscillation exciter supported in the drum (4,4a, 4b), the angular position of the oscillation exciter being adjustable by an adjustable pivoting angle relative to a vertical plane which extends through the drum axis (2), it is provided that the oscillation exciter comprises a pendulum-type vibrator (10) having a pendulum-type housing (8) which pivots about a pivoting axis extending coaxially to the drum axis (2) and includes a single unbalance exciter shaft (12) supported at a radial parallel distance to the drum axis (2) in the pendulum-type housing (8), wherein the pendulum-type vibrator (10) generates an elliptical drum oscillation.

Description

Verdichtungsgerat Verdichtungsgerat
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verdichtungsgerät mit mindestens einer vibrierenden Bandage nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a compacting device with at least one vibrating drum according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein gattungsgemäßes Verdichtungsgerät ist aus der EP 0 530 546 A bekannt. Das bekannte Verdichtungsgerät weist wenigstens eine verfahrbare Bandage auf, die mit parallel zur Bandagenachse angeordneten und synchron rotierenden Unwuchterregerwellen eines Schwingungserregers derart in Wirkverbindung steht, dass die Walze wahlweise eine überwiegende dynamische Scher- oder Druckbelastung auf den Boden ausübt.A generic compression device is known from EP 0 530 546 A. The known compacting device has at least one movable drum, which is operatively connected to the unbalance exciter shafts of a vibration exciter arranged in parallel to the drum axis and rotating synchronously such that the roller optionally exerts a predominantly dynamic shear or pressure load on the ground.
Eine ähnliche Lösung ist auch aus der DE 298 05 361 U bekannt.A similar solution is also known from DE 298 05 361 U.
Die Vibration wird durch mindestens zwei Erregerwellen mit gegensinnig rotierenden Unwuchtmassen erzeugt. Daraus resultiert eine gerichtete Schwingung, deren Wirkungsrichtung aus einer horizontalen in eine vertikale Richtung verschwenkt werden kann. Die Amplitude der Walzenbandage bleibt dabei konstant, so dass lediglich die Schwingungsrichtung verändert wird.The vibration is generated by at least two excitation shafts with counter-rotating masses. This results in a directional oscillation whose direction of action can be pivoted from a horizontal to a vertical direction. The amplitude of the roller drum remains constant, so that only the direction of vibration is changed.
Bekannt ist auch die Vibrationserzeugung durch Kreisrüttler. Hierbei sitzen die Unwuchtmassen vorzugsweise auf einer Achse in der Bandagenmitte und erzeugen eine umlaufende Kraft. Werden zwei gleichsinnig umlaufende Unwuchtmassen verwendet, die in ihrer Phase zueinander verstellbar sind, kann der Betrag der resultierenden Verdichtungskraft durch die Veränderung der Phasenlage verändert werden. Ein weiterer Parameter zur Anpassung an die Einsatzbedingungen ist die Variation der Vibrationsfrequenz.The generation of vibrations by circular vibrators is also known. The unbalanced masses are preferably located on an axis in the middle of the drum and generate a rotating force. Are two unbalanced masses rotating in the same direction used, which are mutually adjustable in their phase, the amount of the resulting compression force can be changed by changing the phase position. Another parameter for adaptation to the operating conditions is the variation of the vibration frequency.
Ein Verfahren zur Messung mechanischer Daten eines Bodens und zur Einstellung der Walzenparameter, das auf der genannten mechanischen Lösung zur Anpassung von Verdichtungskraft und Frequenz basiert ist, aus der WO 98/17865 bekannt.A method for measuring mechanical data of a soil and for setting the roller parameters, which is based on the aforementioned mechanical solution for adapting the compacting force and frequency, is known from WO 98/17865.
Ausgehend von einer Vibrationsbandage mit einem Kreisrüttler, dessen Amplitude und Frequenz stufenlos verstellt werden können, hat sich die Anmelderin mit der automatischen Anpassung der Walzenparameter, Fahrgeschwindigkeit, Amplitude und Frequenz an die jeweiligen Einsatzbedingungen befasst. Diese Form der Amplituden- und Frequenzverstellung ist konstruktiv sehr aufwendig. Entsprechendes gilt für die Verstellung der Wirkungsrichtung der Schwingungen bei den bereits genannten Gegenrüttlern gemäß EP 0 530 546 A und DE 29 805 361 U, da hier mindestens zwei Erregerwellen, deren Drehbewegung aufeinander abgestimmt werden müssen, verwendet werden.Starting from a vibratory drum with a circular vibrator, the amplitude and frequency of which can be adjusted continuously, the applicant has dealt with the automatic adaptation of the roller parameters, driving speed, amplitude and frequency to the respective operating conditions. This form of amplitude and frequency adjustment is structurally very complex. The same applies to the adjustment of the direction of action of the vibrations in the aforementioned counter vibrators according to EP 0 530 546 A and DE 29 805 361 U, since here at least two excitation shafts, whose rotary movement must be coordinated with one another, are used.
Kreisrüttler erreichen unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen höhere Verdichtungswerte als die gerichtete Schwingung der Gegenrüttler. Die gerichtete Schwingung der Gegenrüttler erzeugt im Boden nämlich Druckkräfte, die jeweils nur in einer Richtung wirken und so das Verdichten durch eine Verschiebung verschiedener Lagen des verdichtenden Untergrundes nur eingeschränkt zulassen. Wird diese Wirkungsrichtung der Schwingung aus einer vertikalen in eine horizontale Richtung verschwenkt, um etwa die auf Gebäude übertragbare Schwingung zu reduzieren, wird die auf den Untergrund übertragbare Scherbeanspruchung sehr gering.Orbital vibrators achieve higher compression values under comparable conditions than the directional vibration of the counter vibrators. The directional vibration of the counter vibrators creates compressive forces in the ground, each of which only acts in one direction and thus only permits compaction to a limited extent by shifting different layers of the compacting substrate. If this direction of action of the vibration is pivoted from a vertical to a horizontal direction, for example to reduce the vibration that can be transmitted to buildings, the shear stress that can be transmitted to the substrate becomes very low.
Bei dem Verdichtungsprinzip EP 0 053 598 kann wahlweise mit einer tiefenwirksamen Vibration nach dem Kreisrüttlerprinzip oder mit einer durch Drehmomente erzeugten oszillierenden Bandagenbewegung, die überwiegend Scherbeanspruchungen im Untergrund erzeugt, verdichtet werden. Die oszillierende Bandagenbewegung reduziert wie der verstellbare Gegenrüttler die Schwingungsbelastung der Maschine und der Umgebung, erreicht aber im Vergleich höhere Verdichtungswerte. Das Prinzip beinhaltet zwei Erregerwellen, die im gleichen Drehsinn um 180° phasenverschoben synchron umlaufen. Dadurch kompensieren sich die von den Erregerwellen erzeugten entgegengerichteten Kräfte auf die Bandage. Erzeugt wird ein Drehmoment auf die Bandage um die Bandagenachse. Diese Momente mit wechselnden Vorzeichen führen zu der oszillierenden Bewegung der Bandage und es entsteht eine Scherbeanspruchung des Untergrundes mit vergleichsweise hoher Tiefenwirkung. Wird eine höhere Tiefenwirkung benötigt, erfolgt die Reduzierung der Phasenverschiebung von 180° auf 0°, so dass die Wirkung eines Kreisrüttlers entsteht. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieses Konzepts besteht darin, dass konstruktiv keine stufenlose Verstellung der Amplitude realisiert werden kann, ohne dass Undefinierte Schwingungszustände entstehen. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht in dem hohen konstruktiven Aufwand.With the compaction principle EP 0 053 598, it is possible to compact either with a deeply effective vibration according to the circular vibrator principle or with an oscillating drum movement generated by torques, which mainly generates shear stresses in the subsurface. The oscillating drum movement, like the adjustable counter vibrator, reduces the vibration load on the machine and the environment, but achieves this in comparison higher compression values. The principle includes two excitation shafts that rotate 180 ° out of phase in the same direction. This compensates for the opposing forces generated by the excitation waves on the bandage. A torque is generated on the drum around the drum axis. These moments with changing signs lead to the oscillating movement of the bandage and there is a shear stress on the surface with a comparatively high depth effect. If a higher depth effect is required, the phase shift is reduced from 180 ° to 0 °, so that the effect of a circular vibrator is created. A major disadvantage of this concept is that it is not possible to constructively adjust the amplitude without creating undefined vibration states. Another disadvantage is the high design effort.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verdichtungsgerät der eingangs genannten Art hinsichtlich ihres mechanischen Aufbaus zu vereinfachen und die Erzeugung einer Schwingungsbewegung zu ermöglichen, mit der eine Krafteinleitung in das zu verdichtende Material optimiert ist, um eine schnelle Verdichtung zu ermöglichen.The invention has for its object to simplify a compression device of the type mentioned in terms of its mechanical structure and to enable the generation of an oscillatory movement with which the introduction of force into the material to be compressed is optimized in order to enable rapid compression.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The features of claim 1 serve to achieve this object.
Die Erfindung sieht in vorteilhafter Weise vor, dass der Schwingungserreger aus einem Pendelrüttler zum Erzeugen einer elliptischen Schwingung der Bandage mit einem um die Bandagenachse oszillierenden Pendelgehäuse und mit einer einzigen, mit radialem Abstand von der Bandagenachse und parallel zu dieser in dem Pendelgehäuse gelagerten Unwuchterregerwelle besteht.The invention advantageously provides that the vibration exciter consists of a pendulum vibrator for generating an elliptical vibration of the drum with a pendulum housing oscillating around the drum axis and with a single unbalance exciter shaft mounted in the pendulum housing at a radial distance from and parallel to this.
Die Verwendung eines Pendelrüttlers verbindet die Vorteile des einfachen konstruktiven Aufbaus eines Kreisrüttlers mit den Verstellmöglichkeiten eines gerichteten Gegenrüttlers, sowie den verdichtungstechnischen Vorteilen einer oszillierenden Bandagenbewegung. Die auf der Erregerwelle rotierende Unwuchtmasse erzeugt umlaufende Kräfte. Da die Erregerwelle in einem Pendelgehäuse schwenkbar um die Bandagenachse gelagert ist, werden nur geringe Kräfte außerhalb der Richtung der Längsachse des Pendels übertragen. Die Kraftkomponenten der Unwuchtmasse, die einen Winkel zur Längsachse des Pendels aufweisen, erzeugen ein Moment auf das Pendelgehäuse um die Bandagenachse und verursachen so eine Auslenkung des Pendels. Aufgrund der hohen Frequenz der Unwuchtmasse und den Massenträgheiten des Pendelgehäuses kann der Winkel der Pendelbewegung klein gehalten werden.The use of a pendulum vibrator combines the advantages of the simple design of a circular vibrator with the adjustment options of a directional counter vibrator, as well as the compaction advantages of an oscillating drum movement. The unbalanced mass rotating on the exciter shaft generates rotating forces. Since the excitation shaft is pivotally mounted in a pendulum housing about the drum axis, only small forces are transmitted outside the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pendulum. The Force components of the unbalanced mass, which are at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the pendulum, generate a moment on the pendulum housing around the drum axis and thus cause the pendulum to deflect. Due to the high frequency of the unbalanced mass and the inertia of the pendulum housing, the angle of the pendulum movement can be kept small.
Aufgrund der Pendelschwingungen des Pendelgehäuses ergibt sich eine grundsätzlich elliptische Schwingungsform der Bandage.Due to the pendulum vibrations of the pendulum housing, the bandage is fundamentally elliptical.
Das Pendelgehäuse ist vorzugsweise an der Innenseite der Bandage über Wälzlager radial gegen die Bandage abgestützt. Die radiale Abstützung kann an dem radial äußeren Umfangsbereich des Pendelgehäuses erfolgen oder an entsprechenden radialen Gehäuseabstufungen des Pendelgehäuses an den axialen Seitenflächen. Die radialen Wälzlager übertragen die Schwingungen des Pendelgehäuses auf die Bandage.The pendulum housing is preferably supported radially against the bandage on the inside of the bandage via roller bearings. The radial support can take place on the radially outer peripheral region of the pendulum housing or on corresponding radial housing gradations of the pendulum housing on the axial side surfaces. The radial roller bearings transmit the vibrations of the pendulum housing to the drum.
Die Winkellage der Längsachse des Pendelrüttlers relativ zu einer vertikalen Ebene durch die Bandagenachse ist mit Hilfe einer Stelleinrichtung einstellbar. Damit ist die Orientierung der elliptischen Schwingung relativ zu einer vertikalen Ebene durch die Bandagenachse um beispielsweise ± 90° einstellbar. Zwischen der Stelleinrichtung zum Einstellen der Winkellage des Pendelrüttlers und dem Pendelgehäuse ist ein Pendelschwingungen zulassendes und begrenzendes Dämpfungselement angeordnet. Das Dämpfungselement dient als Kopplungselement zwischen einem Stellhebel der Stelleinrichtung und dem oszillierenden Pendelgehäuse. Der Stellhebel gibt die Winkellage der Längsachse des Pendelrüttlers vor, wobei das Dämpfungselement eine Schwingung des Pendelgehäuses um diese Winkellage in einem bestimmten Umfang zulässt.The angular position of the longitudinal axis of the pendulum vibrator relative to a vertical plane through the drum axis can be adjusted with the aid of an adjusting device. The orientation of the elliptical vibration relative to a vertical plane through the drum axis can thus be adjusted by, for example, ± 90 °. Between the adjusting device for adjusting the angular position of the pendulum vibrator and the pendulum housing, a damping element that allows and limits pendulum vibrations is arranged. The damping element serves as a coupling element between an adjusting lever of the adjusting device and the oscillating pendulum housing. The actuating lever specifies the angular position of the longitudinal axis of the pendulum vibrator, the damping element permitting the pendulum housing to oscillate to a certain extent about this angular position.
Die Längsachse des Pendelgehäuses liegt in einer von der Antriebswelle des Pendelrüttlers und der Unwuchtwelle definierten Ebene.The longitudinal axis of the pendulum housing lies in a plane defined by the drive shaft of the pendulum vibrator and the unbalance shaft.
Die von dem Vibrationsantrieb erzeugte elliptische Schwingungsform ist einerseits über die Winkellage des Pendelgehäuses und andererseits über die Drehzahl der Unwuchterregerwelle variierbar. Insofern kann die Richtung der elliptischen Schwingung und deren Intensität eingestellt werden.The elliptical waveform generated by the vibration drive is on the one hand about the angular position of the pendulum housing and on the other hand about the speed of the Imbalance exciter shaft variable. In this respect, the direction of the elliptical vibration and its intensity can be set.
Die Antriebswelle des Pendelrüttlers ist koaxial zur Bandagenachse angeordnet, wobei die Antriebswelle in dem Pendelgehäuse gelagert ist.The drive shaft of the pendulum vibrator is arranged coaxially to the drum axis, the drive shaft being mounted in the pendulum housing.
Die Antriebswelle für den Pendelrüttler ist über ein Zwischengetriebe mit der Unwuchterregerwelle gekoppelt. Dabei kann das Zwischengetriebe aus einem Riementrieb bestehen.The drive shaft for the pendulum vibrator is coupled to the unbalance exciter shaft via an intermediate gear. The intermediate gear can consist of a belt drive.
Alternativ kann die Unwuchterregerwelle elektrisch oder hydrostatisch direkt antreibbar sein. In diesem Fall kann das Zwischengetriebe und die Antriebswelle des Pendelrüttlers entfallen, so dass der konstruktive Aufwand reduziert wird.Alternatively, the unbalance exciter shaft can be driven directly electrically or hydrostatically. In this case, the intermediate gear and the drive shaft of the pendulum vibrator can be omitted, so that the design effort is reduced.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, dass in Axialrichtung zwei Bandagen nebeneinander angeordnet sind, die einen gemeinsamen Pendelrüttler aufweisen. Die beiden Bandagen können mit unabhängigen Bandagenantrieben versehen sein.In one embodiment, it is provided that two bandages are arranged side by side in the axial direction, which have a common pendulum vibrator. The two bandages can be provided with independent bandage drives.
Im folgenden werden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert:Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings:
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Straßenwalze mit erfindungsgemäßer Bandage,1 is a road roller with a bandage according to the invention,
Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch die Bandage mit innenliegendem Pendelrüttler, undFig. 2 shows a cross section through the bandage with internal pendulum vibrator, and
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung der Winkellagen des Pendelrüttlers mit den zugehörigen Schwingungsformen der Bandage.Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the angular positions of the pendulum vibrator with the associated waveforms of the drum.
Fig. 1 ist eine Straßenwalze 1 mit einem Fahrgestell 3, einem Radantrieb mit zwei hinteren Rädern 7 und einer vorderen Bandage 4. Fig. 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch die Bandage 4, wobei das Ausführungsbeispiel eine geteilte Bandage 4 mit zwei Bandagenabschnitten 4a,4b darstellt. Die Bandagenabschnitte 4a,4b können jeweils mit einem eigenen Bandagenantrieb 9a,9b, versehen sein, die beim Lenken eine Relativbewegung der beiden Bandagenabschnitte ermöglichen.1 is a road roller 1 with a chassis 3, a wheel drive with two rear wheels 7 and a front drum 4. 2 shows a cross section through the bandage 4, the exemplary embodiment representing a divided bandage 4 with two bandage sections 4a, 4b. The bandage sections 4a, 4b can each be provided with their own bandage drive 9a, 9b, which enable a relative movement of the two bandage sections during steering.
Der Anschlussflansch 13, an dem der Bandagenantrieb 9a, 9b befestigt ist, ist mit dem Maschinenrahmen 3 über Gummielemente 15 elastisch verbunden.The connecting flange 13, to which the drum drive 9a, 9b is fastened, is elastically connected to the machine frame 3 via rubber elements 15.
Die Bandagenantriebe 9a,9b sind am Fahrzeugrahmen 3 an einem Anschlussflansch 13 befestigt und treiben die Bandagenabschnitte 4a,4b über jeweils einen Innenflansch 11a, 11b an.The drum drives 9a, 9b are fastened to the vehicle frame 3 at a connection flange 13 and drive the drum sections 4a, 4b via an inner flange 11a, 11b in each case.
Die Bandage 4 nimmt in ihrem Inneren einen Pendelrüttler 10 auf, der über eine Antriebswelle 22 angetrieben wird, die koaxial zur Bandagenachse 2 durch den Bandagenantrieb 9a hindurch verläuft. Die Antriebswelle 22 ist mit einem Vibrationsantrieb 6 verbunden.The bandage 4 receives in its interior a pendulum vibrator 10 which is driven by a drive shaft 22 which runs coaxially to the bandage axis 2 through the bandage drive 9a. The drive shaft 22 is connected to a vibration drive 6.
Der Pendelrüttler 10 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Pendelgehäuse 8 mit einer einzigen in dem Pendelgehäuse 8 gelagerten Unwuchterregerwelle 12. Die Unwuchterregerwelle 12 ist mit ortsfest auf der Unwuchterregerwelle 12 befestigten Unwuchtmassen 16 versehen.The pendulum vibrator 10 consists essentially of a pendulum housing 8 with a single imbalance exciter shaft 12 mounted in the pendulum housing 8. The imbalance exciter shaft 12 is provided with imbalance masses 16 fixedly attached to the imbalance exciter shaft 12.
Die Antriebswelle 22 ist mit der Unwuchterregerwelle 12 über ein in dem Pendelgehäuse 8 angeordnetes, z.B. aus einem Riementrieb 24 bestehenden Zwischengetriebe verbunden. Der Riementrieb 24 kann einen Zahnriemen 34 aufweisen, der über Zahnräder 36,38 auf der Antriebswelle 22 bzw. der Unwuchterregerwelle 12 umläuft, um die Antriebsenergie auf die Unwuchterregerwelle 12 zu übertragen. Da kein Synchronlauf der Massen erforderlich ist, können auch Keilriemen verwendet werden.The drive shaft 22 is connected to the unbalance exciter shaft 12 via a, e.g. connected from a belt drive 24 intermediate gear. The belt drive 24 can have a toothed belt 34 which rotates via gear wheels 36, 38 on the drive shaft 22 or the imbalance exciter shaft 12 in order to transmit the drive energy to the imbalance exciter shaft 12. Since no synchronous running of the masses is required, V-belts can also be used.
Das Pendelgehäuse 8 ist in dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 um eine Schwenkachse verschwenkbar, die mit der Bandagenachse 2 koaxial ist. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 ist das Pendelgehäuse 8 radial über eine Wälzlagerung 30 an seinem Außenumfang gegen die Bandagenabschnitte 4a,4b abgestützt. Die Antriebswelle 22 für den Pendelrüttler 10 ist ihrerseits in dem Pendelgehäuse 8 mit Hilfe einer Wälzlagerung 32 gelagert.The pendulum housing 8 is pivotable in the embodiment of FIG. 2 about a pivot axis which is coaxial with the drum axis 2. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the pendulum housing 8 is supported radially via a roller bearing 30 on its outer circumference against the bandage sections 4a, 4b. The drive shaft 22 for the pendulum vibrator 10 is in turn supported in the pendulum housing 8 by means of a roller bearing 32.
Alternativ zu dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel kann der Vibrationsantrieb 6 direkt die Unwuchterregerwelle 12 antreiben, wobei der Vibrationsantrieb 6 aus einem Elektromotor oder einem Hydromotor bestehen kann. Im Falle eines Direktantriebs entfallen die Antriebswelle 22 und das aus einem Riementrieb 24 bestehende Zwischengetriebe zwischen der Antriebswelle 22 und der Unwuchterregerwelle 12.As an alternative to the exemplary embodiment shown, the vibration drive 6 can drive the unbalance exciter shaft 12 directly, wherein the vibration drive 6 can consist of an electric motor or a hydraulic motor. In the case of a direct drive, the drive shaft 22 and the intermediate gear consisting of a belt drive 24 between the drive shaft 22 and the unbalance exciter shaft 12 are omitted.
Eine Stelleinrichtung 5, die vorzugsweise aus einer Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit besteht, ist einseitig an dem Rahmenelement 13 befestigt und betätigt einen in Fig. 2 nicht sichtbaren durch die Welle 21 verdeckten Stellhebel, mit dessen Hilfe die durch den Bandagenantrieb 9b hindurchgeführte Welle 21 verdrehbar ist. Die Welle 21 ist mit einem Stellhebel 23 verbunden, der über mindestens ein Dämpfungselement 20 an seinem radialen Ende mit dem Pendelgehäuse 8 verbundenen ist. Der Stellhebel 23 kann auch aus einer Scheibe bestehen, an derem äußeren Umfang mehrere Dämpfungselemente 20 mit dem Pendelgehäuse 8 gekoppelt sind. Mit Hilfe der Stelleinrichtung 5 ist somit der Pendelrüttler 10 relativ zu einer vertikalen Ebene durch die Bandagenachse 2 verstellbar.An actuating device 5, which preferably consists of a piston-cylinder unit, is fastened on one side to the frame element 13 and actuates an actuating lever, which is not visible in FIG. 2 and is hidden by the shaft 21, with the aid of which the shaft 21 passed through the drum drive 9b can be rotated is. The shaft 21 is connected to an actuating lever 23, which is connected to the pendulum housing 8 at its radial end via at least one damping element 20. The adjusting lever 23 can also consist of a disk, on the outer circumference of which a plurality of damping elements 20 are coupled to the pendulum housing 8. With the aid of the adjusting device 5, the pendulum vibrator 10 can thus be adjusted relative to a vertical plane through the drum axis 2.
Wie am besten aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, kann das Pendelgehäuse 8 stufenlos um ± 90° aus seiner vertikalen Ruhelage mit Hilfe der Stelleinrichtung 5 verstellt werden.As can best be seen from FIG. 3, the pendulum housing 8 can be adjusted continuously from its vertical rest position by ± 90 ° with the aid of the adjusting device 5.
Mindestens eine Unwuchtmasse 16 ist auf einer Unwuchterregerwelle befestigt und erzeugt bei Drehung Fliehkräfte, deren Größe von der Größe der Unwucht und der Drehzahl der Erregerwelle abhängt. Die Fliehkräfte wirken in jeder Richtung mit gleicher Stärke.At least one unbalance mass 16 is attached to an unbalance exciter shaft and generates centrifugal forces when it rotates, the magnitude of which depends on the size of the unbalance and the speed of the exciter shaft. The centrifugal forces act with the same strength in every direction.
Die Unwuchterregerwelle 12 ist in einem Pendelgehäuse 8 gelagert, welches wiederum parallel zur Unwuchterregerwelle 12 um die Bandagenmittelachse 2 pendelnd aufgehängt ist. Durch diese pendelnde Aufhängung des Pendelgehäuses 8 können Fliehkräfte nur in Richtung der Achse Unwuchterregerwelle - Bandagenmitte voll übertragen werden. Kräfte senkrecht zu dieser Ebene bewirken ein Auslenken des Pendelgehäuses aus seiner Ruhelage (Pendelschwingung).The imbalance exciter shaft 12 is mounted in a pendulum housing 8, which in turn is suspended in parallel to the imbalance exciter shaft 12 so as to oscillate about the drum axis 2. Due to this oscillating suspension of the pendulum housing 8 centrifugal forces can only in the direction of the axis unbalance excitation shaft - drum center fully transferred. Forces perpendicular to this plane cause the pendulum housing to deflect from its rest position (pendulum vibration).
Die Masse des Pendelrüttlers 10 muss dabei gegen seine Trägheit um die Bandagenachse 2 verschwenkt werden. Dies erzeugt Reaktionskräfte in der Bandagenachse 2, die orthogonal zu den oben erwähnten, direkt übertragenen Fliehkräften wirken.The mass of the pendulum vibrator 10 must be pivoted against its inertia about the drum axis 2. This creates reaction forces in the drum axis 2, which act orthogonally to the above-mentioned, directly transmitted centrifugal forces.
Die direkt von der Unwuchterregerwelle auf die Bandagenachse übertragenen Kraftkomponenten und die quer dazu wirkenden Kraftkomponenten erzeugen die elliptische Schwingung der Bandage.The force components transmitted directly from the unbalance excitation shaft to the drum axis and the force components acting transversely to it generate the elliptical vibration of the drum.
Die quer zur Hauptschwingungsebene (Erregerwelle - Bandagenachse) wirkenden Kräfte sind in ihrer Größe abhängig von der Lage des Schwerpunktes des Pendelgehäuses und vom Abstand der Unwuchterregerwelle 12 zur Bandagenmitte bzw. Pendelaufhängung.The size of the forces acting transversely to the main vibration level (excitation shaft - drum axis) depends on the position of the center of gravity of the pendulum housing and the distance of the unbalance exciter shaft 12 from the drum center or pendulum suspension.
Es ist daher konstruktiv möglich, in der Bandage eine Kreisschwingung zu erzeugen, wenn der Abstand Erregerwelle - Bandagenachse 2 und/oder der Schwerpunktabstand des Pendelgehäuses von der Bandagenmitte null ist. Angenähert eine Gerade entsteht, wenn die Abstände gegen unendlich gehen.It is therefore structurally possible to generate a circular vibration in the drum if the distance between the excitation shaft and drum axis 2 and / or the center of gravity distance of the pendulum housing from the drum center is zero. An approximate straight line is created when the distances go towards infinity.
Durch geeignete Auswahl der Abstände kann eine mehr oder weniger flache Schwingungsellipse erzeugt werden. Dies ist mathematisch sowie experimentell nachweisbar.A more or less flat oscillation ellipse can be generated by suitable selection of the distances. This can be demonstrated mathematically and experimentally.
Die Lage der Schwingungsellipse ist verstellbar mittels der Stelleinrichtung 5, mit der das schwingende Pendelgehäuse 8 in seiner Winkellage verschwenkbar ist.The position of the oscillation ellipse is adjustable by means of the adjusting device 5, with which the oscillating pendulum housing 8 can be pivoted in its angular position.
In Fig. 3 sind beispielsweise drei mit a, b und c gekennzeichnete Winkellagen des Pendelgehäuses 8 mit den zugehörigen elliptischen Bandagenschwingungen dargestellt. Die Position a zeigt die vertikale Position des Pendelrüttlers 10 mit einer elliptischen Bandagenschwingung, deren Hauptachse vertikal verläuft. In der Stellung b des Pendelgehäuses 8 wird eine Bandagenschwingung erzeugt, deren Hauptachse unter einem Winkel von beispielsweise 45° zur Vertikalen verläuft. Schließlich kann das Pendelgehäuse auch um einen Winkel von 90° verschwenkt werden, wodurch eine elliptische Bandschwingung eingestellt werden kann, bei der die Hauptachse horizontal liegt.3 shows, for example, three angular positions of the pendulum housing 8 marked with a, b and c with the associated elliptical drum vibrations. The position a shows the vertical position of the pendulum vibrator 10 with an elliptical drum vibration, the main axis of which runs vertically. In position b of the pendulum housing 8, a drum vibration is generated, the The main axis runs at an angle of, for example, 45 ° to the vertical. Finally, the pendulum housing can also be pivoted through an angle of 90 °, as a result of which an elliptical band oscillation can be set in which the main axis lies horizontally.
Jede Stellung zwischen den Winkellagen a, b, c ist einstellbar.Each position between the angular positions a, b, c is adjustable.
Die Kraftkomponenten der Unwuchtmassen 16, die einen Winkel zur Längsachse des Pendelgehäuses aufweisen, erzeugen einen Moment auf das Pendelgehäuse um die koaxial zur Bandagenachse 2 verlaufenden Schwenkachse des Pendelgehäuses 8 und verursachen so eine Auslenkung des Pendelgehäuses 8. Aufgrund der hohen Frequenz der Unwuchtmassen 16, und den Massenträgheiten des Pendelgehäuses 8 und aufgrund des Dämpfungselementes 20 kann der Winkel der Pendelgehäuseschwingung klein gehalten werden. Beispielsweise oszilliert oder schwingt das Pendelgehäuse 8 relativ zu der mit Hilfe der Stelleinrichtung 5 eingestellten Winkellage als Mittellage um ± 3°.The force components of the unbalance masses 16, which are at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the pendulum housing, generate a moment on the pendulum housing about the pivot axis of the pendulum housing 8 which runs coaxially to the drum axis 2 and thus cause a deflection of the pendulum housing 8. Due to the high frequency of the unbalance masses 16, and the inertia of the pendulum housing 8 and due to the damping element 20, the angle of the pendulum housing vibration can be kept small. For example, the pendulum housing 8 oscillates or swings relative to the angular position set with the aid of the adjusting device 5 as a central position by ± 3 °.
Die für die Verdichtungsintensität optimale Schwingungsrichtung kann durch Messen der Schwingungsform während des Verdichtens erfolgen. Die Veränderung der Schwingungsform mit zunehmender Verdichtung des Untergrundes im Vergleich zur Schwingung bei unverdichtetem Untergrund stellt einen Messwert für die Verdichtung dar. Dieser Messwert dient als Führungsgröße für die Regelung der Schwingungsrichtung. Beispielsweise wird bei unverdichtetem Untergrund die Winkelstellung a gewählt, während die Stellung c bei Abschluss des Verdichtungsvorganges gewählt werden kann. Die Straßenwalze 1 kann sich so den Untergrundverhältnissen anpassen. Die Stelleinrichtung 5 kann automatisiert betätigt werden oder per Handsteuerung. Während des Automatikbetriebs wird die Schwingungsform bzw. die Veränderung der elliptischen Schwingungsbewegung der Walzenbandage überwacht. Während der Überfahrt der Straßenwalze 1 wird durch die Schwingungsanalyse die Beschaffenheit des Untergrundes ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse der Schwingungsanalyse können dazu verwendet werden, über eine Maschinensteuerung eine automatische Verstellung der Schwingungsrichtung durchzuführen. Dabei kann auch eine Drehzahlsteuerung für die Unwuchterregerwelle 12 über den hydrostatischen Vibrationsantrieb 6 ausgeführt werden. The optimal direction of vibration for the compression intensity can be obtained by measuring the shape of the vibration during compression. The change in the shape of the vibration with increasing compaction of the subsurface in comparison to the vibration with undensified subsoil represents a measured value for the compaction. This measured value serves as a reference variable for controlling the direction of vibration. For example, when the substrate is not compacted, the angular position a is selected, while the position c can be selected when the compaction process is complete. The road roller 1 can thus adapt to the subsurface conditions. The actuating device 5 can be operated automatically or by hand control. During the automatic operation, the shape of the vibration or the change in the elliptical vibration movement of the roller drum is monitored. During the passage of the road roller 1, the condition of the subsoil is determined by the vibration analysis. The results of the vibration analysis can be used to automatically adjust the direction of vibration via a machine control. A speed control for the Imbalance exciter shaft 12 are executed via the hydrostatic vibration drive 6.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verdichtungsgerät mit mindestens einer verfahrbaren, um eine Bandagenachse (2) drehbaren Bandage (4,4a,4b), mit einem in der Bandage (4,4a,4b) gelagerten Schwingungserreger, dessen Winkellage relativ zu einer vertikalen1. Compression device with at least one movable drum (4,4a, 4b) rotatable about a drum axis (2), with a vibration exciter mounted in the drum (4,4a, 4b), the angular position of which is relative to a vertical one
Ebene durch die Bandagenachse (2) um einen einstellbaren Schwenkwinkel verstellbar ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Schwingungserreger aus einem Pendelrüttler (10) besteht, dass derLevel through the drum axis (2) is adjustable by an adjustable swivel angle, so that the vibration exciter consists of a pendulum vibrator (10) that the vibration exciter consists of
Pendelrüttler ein um eine koaxial zur Bandagenachse (2) verlaufendenPendulum vibrator around a coaxial to the drum axis (2)
Schwenkachse verschwenkbares Pendelgehäuse (8) und eine einzige, mit radialem parallelem Abstand von der Bandagenachse (2) in demSwivel axis pivotable pendulum housing (8) and a single, with a radial parallel distance from the drum axis (2) in the
Pendelgehäuse (8) gelagerte Unwuchterregerwelle (12) aufweist, und dass dasPendulum housing (8) mounted unbalance exciter shaft (12), and that
Pendelgehäuse (8) um die eingestellten Winkellage oszilliert, wobei derPendulum housing (8) oscillates around the set angular position, the
Pendelrüttler (10) eine elliptische Bandagenschwingung in der jeweiligenPendulum vibrator (10) an elliptical drum vibration in the respective
Winkellage des Pendelrüttlers (10) erzeugt.Angular position of the pendulum vibrator (10) generated.
2. Verdichtungsgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pendelgehäuse koaxial zur Bandagenachse (2) gelagert ist.2. Compacting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pendulum housing is mounted coaxially to the drum axis (2).
3. Verdichtungsgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pendelgehäuse (8) ein Trägheitsmoment aufweist, das dem aus der rotierenden Unwuchtmasse (16) resultierenden Drehmoment um die Schwenkachse des Pendelgehäuses entgegenwirkt, um eine elliptische Schwingungsform der Bandage (4,4a,4b) zu erzeugen.3. Compression device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the pendulum housing (8) has an moment of inertia which counteracts the torque resulting from the rotating unbalanced mass (16) about the pivot axis of the pendulum housing to an elliptical vibration shape of the bandage (4th , 4a, 4b).
4. Verdichtungsgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pendelgehäuse (8) im Inneren der Bandage (4,4a,4b) über Wälzlager (30) radial gelagert ist.4. Compression device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pendulum housing (8) in the interior of the bandage (4,4a, 4b) is mounted radially via roller bearings (30).
5. Verdichtungsgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen einer Stelleinrichtung (5) zum Einstellen der Winkellage des Pendelrüttlers (10) relativ zur vertikalen Ebene durch die Bandagenachse (2) und dem Pendelgehäuse (8) Pendelschwingungen des Pendelgehäuses (8) zulassende Dämpfungselemente (20) angeordnet sind.5. Compacting device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between an adjusting device (5) for adjusting the angular position of the pendulum vibrator (10) relative to the vertical plane through the Bandage axis (2) and the pendulum housing (8) pendulum vibrations of the pendulum housing (8) allowing damping elements (20) are arranged.
6. Verdichtungsgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Intensität der Verdichtung durch die elliptische Schwingung über die Winkellage des Pendelgehäuses (8) und die Drehzahl der Unwuchterregerwelle (12) variierbar ist.6. Compression device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the intensity of the compression by the elliptical vibration over the angular position of the pendulum housing (8) and the speed of the unbalance exciter shaft (12) can be varied.
7. Verdichtungsgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebswelle (22) des Pendelrüttlers (10) koaxial zur Bandagenachse (2) angeordnet ist und im Pendelgehäuse (8) gelagert ist.7. Compacting device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drive shaft (22) of the pendulum vibrator (10) is arranged coaxially to the drum axis (2) and is mounted in the pendulum housing (8).
8. Verdichtungsgerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebswelle (22) für den Pendelrüttler (10) über ein Zwischengetriebe mit der Unwuchterregerwelle (12) gekoppelt ist.8. Compression device according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive shaft (22) for the pendulum vibrator (10) is coupled via an intermediate gear to the unbalance exciter shaft (12).
9. Verdichtungsgerät nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zwischengetriebe aus einem Riementrieb (24) besteht.9. Compression device according to claim 8, characterized in that the intermediate gear consists of a belt drive (24).
10. Verdichtungsgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unwuchterregerwelle (12) elektrisch oder hydrostatisch direkt antreibbar ist.10. Compression device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the unbalance exciter shaft (12) is electrically or hydrostatically directly drivable.
11. Verdichtungsgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Axialrichtung zwei Bandagen (4,4a,4b) nebeneinander angeordnet sind, die einen gemeinsamen Pendelrüttler (10) aufweisen.11. Compactor according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that two bandages (4,4a, 4b) are arranged side by side in the axial direction, which have a common pendulum vibrator (10).
12. Verdichtungsgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Messeinrichtung die Veränderung der elliptischen Schwingungsform während der Verdichtung überwacht und in Abhängigkeit von dem Ergebnis der Schwingungsanalyse über eine Maschinensteuerung die Winkellage des Pendelrüttlers (10), und damit die auf den Untergrund wirksame Amplitude der Schwingung steuert. 12. Compression device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a measuring device monitors the change in the elliptical vibration shape during the compression and depending on the result of the vibration analysis via a machine control, the angular position of the pendulum vibrator (10), and thus on the Controls effective amplitude of the vibration underground.
EP01990445A 2000-11-29 2001-11-27 Compactor Expired - Lifetime EP1337713B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10059245 2000-11-29
DE10059245 2000-11-29
PCT/EP2001/013806 WO2002044475A1 (en) 2000-11-29 2001-11-27 Compactor

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EP1337713A1 true EP1337713A1 (en) 2003-08-27
EP1337713B1 EP1337713B1 (en) 2009-01-07

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US (1) US6829986B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1337713B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4131433B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE420245T1 (en)
DE (1) DE50114647D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002044475A1 (en)

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DE50114647D1 (en) 2009-02-26
JP2004514811A (en) 2004-05-20
WO2002044475A1 (en) 2002-06-06
US20040028472A1 (en) 2004-02-12
EP1337713B1 (en) 2009-01-07
ATE420245T1 (en) 2009-01-15
US6829986B2 (en) 2004-12-14
JP4131433B2 (en) 2008-08-13

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