WO2017076525A1

WO2017076525A1 - Vibration generator and method for driving a pile into a soil

Info

Publication number: WO2017076525A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/067919
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sebastian Bauer
Original assignee: Bauer Maschinen Gmbh
Priority date: 2015-11-06
Filing date: 2016-07-27
Publication date: 2017-05-11
Also published as: EP3165290A1; CN108348960B; EP3165290B1; CN108348960A

Abstract

The invention relates to a vibration generator for generating a directional vibration and to a method for driving a pile into a soil. The vibration generator has a vibration unit, which has a first pair of rotatably mounted first unbalanced mass elements, which can be rotationally driven at a first rotational speed by means of a first rotary drive. According to the invention, the vibration unit has at least a second pair of rotatably mounted second unbalanced mass elements, which is mechanically decoupled from the first vibration unit. The second pair of unbalanced mass elements can be rotationally driven by a second rotary drive at a second rotational speed, which is different from the first rotational speed of the first unbalanced mass elements. Also provided is a control unit, with which the rotational speeds of the two rotary drives can be electrically and/or hydraulically changed in relation to one another and made to match one another.

Description

Vibration generator and method for introducing a Rannnggut in one

ground

The invention relates to a vibration generator for generating a directional vibration, comprising at least one vibration unit, which has at least a first pair of rotatably mounted first unbalance elements, which can be driven by a first rotary drive at a first speed, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for introducing a pile material in a soil, in which the pile is held on a holding device of a vibration generator, which generates vibrations through which the pile material is driven into the ground, according to the preamble of claim 14th

Vibration generators have long been known in basic engineering, such as for the introduction of sheet piles in a floor. Such vibration generators, which are also called vibrating bears, have rotationally driven unbalance elements. These are usually driven in pairs in opposite directions. As a result, vertically directed force effects can be achieved, while offset by the opposite driving lateral forces against each other. In these conventional vibrators for driving a pile material into the ground an additional static load is necessary.

EP 2 105 214 A1 and EP 2 158 976 B1 disclose vibration generators which are designed for directional oscillation and do not require any additional load. These known vibration generators for a directional vibration have unbalance elements with different imbalances. The unbalance elements with smaller imbalances are driven by a multiple faster rotating, as the unbalance elements with the larger imbalances. Due to the Storing the respective sinusoidal waveforms, which have a different period, a pronounced force effect can be generated preferably down. The different speeds are achieved in that the unbalance elements mesh with each other via gears with different numbers of teeth and are driven in rotation by a rotary drive.

In particular, when introducing pile material in cohesive soils, there is the problem that the soil can adhere to the pile at certain relatively small vibration frequencies on the pile. This changes and increases the oscillating mass to be driven. This reduces the amplitude of Rammgutschwingung and can lead to a halt. In this case, the entire energy would be converted into ground vibration without propulsion. Passing through these vibration ranges is problematic and is thus attempted to circumvent, to provide powerful vibration generator as possible. However, these are costly to purchase and operate and are also associated with increased noise emissions.

Another known problem with vibrators is passing through a resonant frequency range. This can result in significant magnified amplitudes, which lead to damage to the bearings of the vibrator or the construction as a whole. In particular, when using a vibration generator in inner city areas resonant vibrations can lead to damage to adjacent structures.

US 5,911,280 discloses a vibrator having a pair of like unbalanced masses each disposed on a shaft and driven by separate rotary actuators driven by the same hydraulic source.

US 5,984,107 discloses a vibratory drive consisting of two shafts on which two imbalance masses are arranged. The shafts each have a drive, wherein the shafts are connected to each other via a coupling belt for providing a synchronous rotation.

EP 2 789 402 A1 teaches a vibration exciter with two shafts arranged parallel to one another and at least two imbalance masses which are disposed on one or more Ren the waves are fixed, wherein a pivot motor for adjusting the relative rotational position of the imbalance masses is arranged to each other, comprising a pivot motor shaft and a pivot motor housing, wherein the pivot motor shaft is part of one of the waves and the rotational position of the pivot motor housing relative to the swing motor shaft is variable, wherein the pivot motor so arranged axially offset, that it is arranged outside the swept over by the unbalanced masses area. The waves with the imbalance masses are mechanically coupled with each other.

EP 1 481 739 A1 relates to a vibration device which is formed with two pairs of unbalanced masses of similar design. The two pairs of imbalance masses are drivable via separate rotary actuators. The drives are in particular designed to ensure a synchronous rotational speed of the two imbalance pairs to each other and to adjust the relative position of the imbalance pairs to each other.

The invention is based on the invention of specifying a vibration generator and a method for introducing a pile material into a soil, with which a particularly efficient and gentle operation is made possible.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a vibration generator with the feature of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 14. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The vibration generator according to the invention is characterized in that the vibration unit has at least a second pair of rotatably mounted second unbalance elements, which is mechanically decoupled from the first, that the second pair of second unbalance elements by a second rotary drive with a second rotational speed is driven to rotate, which different the first rotational speed of the first unbalance elements is, and that a control unit is provided, with which the rotational speeds of the two rotary drives are electrically and / or hydraulically mutually variable and tunable.

A basic idea of the invention consists of at least two mutually mechanically generated oscillations in a vibrator for generating a directed oscillation. to provide coupled pairs of imbalance elements. These are each driven in rotation by at least one own rotary drive. A mechanical coupling by intermeshing gears between the two imbalance pairs is not provided. Rather, there is a vote of the speeds to each other on electrical and / or hydraulic ways via a control unit. The term of an electrical control unit is to be interpreted broadly and also includes electronic control components. With this control unit and the drive-related decoupling of the at least two pairs of unbalance elements, the respective rotational speeds can be set differently. In this way, passing through critical frequency ranges can be avoided or at least considerably shortened. In this case, the pairs of unbalance elements, at least two, three or more unbalance elements, each with an imbalance. The unbalance elements of a pair rotate in the opposite direction of rotation.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the second speed of the second unbalance elements is a multiple of the first speed of the first unbalance elements. In this way, the two sinusoids of the rotating imbalance elements can be superimposed, wherein the period of the sinusoidal waveform of the first imbalance elements is a multiple of the period of the sinusoidal waveform of the second imbalance elements. In particular, a directed vibration can be generated by this superimposition. For the driving of a pile in the ground, the maximum of the superimposed vibration is directed downward. Correspondingly, a pronounced upward force can be generated when pulling the pile. The driving of pile material can be carried out basically without additional load or tensile force. According to the invention, however, it is not excluded that in addition to the directional vibration via an appropriate pressure and traction device an additional force is exerted on the vibrator and thus on the pile.

In principle, the vibration generator can be formed from two or more differently constructed vibration units. In particular, only one vibration unit can be provided with first and second unbalance elements, while a second vibration unit is provided only with equal unbalance elements. Preferably, two or more vibration units are arranged, which are controlled by a common control unit. A preferred embodiment of the invention may consist in that the first oscillation unit is designed the same as the second oscillation unit. Thus, the two or more vibration units have the same structure with first and second unbalance elements. The first unbalance elements have a first imbalance and thus a first static moment, which differ from a second imbalance and a corresponding second static moment of the second imbalance elements.

A particularly efficient control is achieved according to a development of the invention in that the control unit is connected to at least one first sensor device, by which the first speed of the first unbalance elements and / or the second speed of the second unbalance elements can be determined. The term control unit in the sense of the invention is to be understood generally and may also include rules. The sensor device may in particular be an optical, inductive, capacitive or other rotary transducer. In principle, each vibration unit can be provided with one or more sensor devices. A particularly simple embodiment is given by the fact that a sensor device is provided only on a vibration unit.

An efficient control is achieved according to a further embodiment of the invention in that the control unit is in communication with the first rotary drive and / or the second rotary drive, wherein the control unit, the first speed and / or the second speed is adjustable and variable. The rotary actuators may be electric drives or preferably hydraulic drives. An operator can thus set a suitable speed on the rotary actuators. The speed can also be done automatically or semi-automatically by a program selection. The control unit can for this purpose have a corresponding database in which appropriate control programs and speed specifications are stored.

In principle, each oscillation unit can have more than two rotary drives. Typically, a vibration unit has two individual rotary drives. In this case, according to one embodiment of the invention, it is preferable that a plurality of unbalance elements of a vibration unit are connected via intermeshing drive gears and are driven in rotation. If the unbalance elements nes pair are driven at the same speed, the gears have the same number of teeth.

To change the vibration and in particular the vibration amplitude, it is provided according to a development of the invention that at least one phase adjustment device is provided, with which a rotational position of the unbalance elements is mutually variable. This is particularly advantageous when a plurality of pairs of unbalance elements are provided in a vibration unit.

For a comprehensive control, it is advantageous that the adjusting device has a Versteilmotor, which is controllable by the control unit. The control unit may be an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.

A further improvement of the control is achieved according to a development of the invention in that the control unit is connected to at least one second sensor device, by which a phase angle of the unbalance elements of a vibration unit can be determined. It can also optical, inductive, capacitive or other sensors for determining the respective rotational position of the unbalance elements to each other can be provided.

Basically, unbalance elements of a vibration unit can be arranged together in a housing or on a carrier element.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first pair of first unbalance elements in a first housing and the second pair of second unbalance elements are arranged in a second housing. The housings are formed separately from each other. The bearings of one or more housings may have damping elements.

For a combination and a superimposition of the vibrations of the two pairs of unbalance elements, also called pairs of oscillations, it is preferred according to an embodiment of the invention that a connecting device is provided, with which the first housing and the second housing can be connected to one another. For example, when the oscillator starts up, the two pairs can be separated. In this case, a pair of oscillations would vibrate virtually free or be connected only by a soft spring with the other pair of vibration. In a connected case, which by the releasable and operable connection means about can be achieved by manually or hydraulically actuated locking bolt, the housing or vibration pairs are rigidly interconnected. In addition to a connection by means of hydraulic cylinders and a connection can be provided by a toggle mechanism. In a short transitional period between the connected and the disconnected state, an elastic damping element can be compressed between the two housings, so that the two housings do not hit each other. Such a damping element arranged between the vibration units would thus absorb energy only during a short phase. In the disconnected state, the pairs of oscillations would not yet touch, in the connected state the damping element would be compressed and the housings with the pairs of unbalance elements arranged therein would be in direct contact.

A particularly simple construction is achieved according to a further embodiment of the invention in that, for generating a directed oscillation, the first imbalance elements are designed differently from the second imbalance elements. In this case, therefore, the second oscillation unit can be designed as a simple unit or a simple vibrator, which can not generate a directed oscillation. To generate a directional vibration, in this embodiment, only the first oscillation unit with first unbalance elements and second unbalance elements would be formed. The third unbalance elements in the second vibration unit may be the same or different from the first unbalance elements.

The invention further relates to a construction machine with a carrier device and a mast, along which a vibration generator is mounted substantially vertically movable. Such a construction machine according to the invention is characterized in that a vibration generator is provided, as previously described. The construction machine is in particular a so-called vibrator, as it is used in basic engineering and is basically known.

The inventive method for introducing a pile material in a soil is characterized in that the vibrations are generated with a vibrator, as described above. In this method, especially critical frequency ranges can be traversed quickly or largely avoided. In particular, in the method according to the invention by means of a control ereinheit a change in the speeds of the two pairs of oscillations carried out to each other and so the speeds are matched. The change in the vote can be made depending on the type of soil and / or the task, such as a driving or pulling the pile. The speed adjustment and speed change can, in particular in a run-up of the vibrator, carried out automatically or semi-automatically by the control unit according to stored control programs.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention can be seen in that the pile is a pile, a carrier or a sheet pile.

The invention will be further described with reference to a preferred embodiment, which is shown schematically in the drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a first partially sectioned view of an inventive

Vibration generator and

Fig. 2 is a second partially sectioned view of the vibrator of

Fig. 1.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a vibration generator 10 according to the invention with a vibration unit 20. The vibration unit 20 has a lower box-shaped first housing 21 a with three first unbalance elements 22, each having a first shaft 23. Each first shaft 23 of the identically constructed, first unbalance elements 22 comprises a first unbalance 24, a first drive gear 25 and a spaced Phasenverstell gear 26. A torque from a lower first rotary drive 27 is from a middle first unbalance element 22 to the other two adjacent first unbalance elements 22 by means of mutually meshing first drive gears 25 transmitted.

In basically known manner, a rotational position of the first unbalance elements 22 can be changed by means of a first phase adjustment device 28 with a Versteilmotor 29. The change in the rotational position is effected via the meshing first adjusting gears 26. To generate a directed vibration with the vibration unit 20, two second unbalance elements 32 are arranged in an upper cuboid second housing 21 b. In a manner similar to the construction of the first unbalance elements 22, the second unbalance elements 32 also each have a second shaft 33, a second imbalance 34, a second drive gear 35 and a second phasing gear 36. A drive is effected via an upper second rotary drive 37 on the second unbalance elements 32. A phase adjustment is achieved via a second Phasenverstelleinrich- device 38 with a second Versteilmotor 39.

The first unbalance elements 22 and the second unbalance elements 32 are separated and mechanically decoupled with respect to the torque drive. The lower first housing 21 a and the upper second housing 21 b, which are each box-shaped, are coupled to each other via a releasable connection means 50. The connecting device 50 is formed in the embodiment shown as a bolt connection.

A tuning and changing the rotational speeds of the imbalance elements in the vibration unit 20 by means of a central control unit 60, which may in particular comprise a computer unit.

In a simple embodiment, the control unit 60 receives a speed and / or a rotational position of the first unbalance elements 22 via a first sensor device 66 and a rotational speed and / or rotational position of the second unbalance elements 32 of the vibration unit 20 via a second sensor device 68, and controls their rotary drives 27, 37. Depending on the determined data, the control unit 60 correspondingly controls a first hydraulic pump 62, which in particular supplies the lower second rotary drive 47, and a second hydraulic pump 64, which in particular operates the upper second rotary drive. The control can in particular be such that identical or even multiple rotational speeds of the second unbalance elements 32 to the rotational speeds of the first unbalance elements 22 are achieved. However, it is possible to set speed changes between the different pairs of unbalance elements of the vibration unit 20 specifically, for example, by passing through critical frequency ranges, such as may occur during start-up of the vibration generator 10, in particular by a predetermined control program. Here- In particular, unwanted resonance frequencies can be avoided or at least passed through particularly quickly.

In a corresponding manner can be actuated via the control unit 60 via control lines, not shown, the first Versteilmotor 29 and the second Versteilmotor 39, wherein for the respective unbalance elements 22, 32, a defined rotational position is set.

Preferably, all drives and control elements of the vibration unit 20 are connected to the control unit 60 and can be controlled and adjusted accordingly.

Claims

1 . Vibration generator for generating a directed vibration, with

at least one oscillation unit (20) which has at least one first pair of rotatably mounted first unbalance elements (22) which can be driven to rotate by means of a first rotary drive (27) at a first rotational speed,

wherein the oscillation unit (20, 12) comprises at least a second pair of rotatably mounted second imbalance elements (32) mechanically decoupled from the first pair of imbalance elements (22), and wherein the second pair of second imbalance elements (32) are driven by a second rotary drive (32). 37) is drivable,

characterized ,

in that the first unbalance elements (22) are designed differently from the second unbalance elements (32) in order to generate a directed oscillation,

in that the second pair of second unbalance elements (32) are rotationally drivable by the second rotary drive (37) at a second speed which is different from the first speed of the first unbalance elements (22), and

a control unit (60) is provided with which the speeds of rotation of the two rotary drives (27, 37) are electrically and / or hydraulically mutually variable and tunable.

2. Vibration generator according to claim 1,

characterized ,

the second rotational speed of the second unbalance elements (32) is a multiple of the first rotational speed of the first unbalance elements (22).

3. Vibration generator according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized,

that two or more vibration units (20) are arranged, which are controlled by a common control unit (60).

4. Vibration generator according to one of claims 1 to 3,

characterized,

in that the control unit (60) is connected to at least one first sensor device (66), by means of which at least the first speed of the first unbalance elements (22) and / or the second speed of the second unbalance elements (32) can be determined.

5. Vibration generator according to one of claims 1 to 4,

characterized,

in that the control unit (60) is connected to the first rotary drive (27) and / or the second rotary drive (37), wherein the rotational speed of the rotary drives 27, 37 is adjustable and variable by the control unit (60).

6. Vibration generator according to one of claims 1 to 5,

characterized,

that a plurality of unbalance elements (22, 32) of a vibration unit (20) via mutually meshing drive gears (25) are in communication and are driven in rotation.

7. Vibration generator according to one of claims 1 to 6,

characterized,

in that at least one phase adjustment device (28, 38) is provided with which a rotational position of the unbalance elements (22, 32) can be changed relative to one another.

8. Vibration generator according to claim 7,

characterized,

in that the phase adjustment device (28, 38) has an adjustment motor (29, 39) which can be controlled by the control unit (60).

9. Vibration generator according to one of claims 1 to 8,

characterized, in that the control unit (60) is connected to at least one second sensor device (68), by means of which at least one phase position of the unbalance elements (32) of the vibration unit (20) can be determined.

10. Vibration generator according to one of claims 1 to 9,

characterized,

in that the first pair of first unbalance elements (22) are arranged in a first housing (21a) and the second pair of second unbalance elements (32) are arranged in a second housing (21b).

11. Vibration generator according to one of claims 1 to 10,

characterized,

a connecting device (50) is provided with which the first housing (21 a) and the second housing (21 b) can be connected to one another.

12. Construction machine with a carrier device and a mast along which a vibration generator (10) is mounted substantially vertically movable, characterized

in that a vibration generator (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11 is provided.

13. A method for introducing a pile material in a soil in which the pile is held on a holding device of a vibration generator (10) which generates vibrations through which the pile material is driven into the ground,

characterized,

in that the vibrations are generated by a vibration generator (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11.

14. The method according to claim 13,

characterized,

that the pile is a pile, a carrier or a sheet pile.