EP1327104B1 - Procede de combustion etagee de combustibles - Google Patents

Procede de combustion etagee de combustibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1327104B1
EP1327104B1 EP01983559A EP01983559A EP1327104B1 EP 1327104 B1 EP1327104 B1 EP 1327104B1 EP 01983559 A EP01983559 A EP 01983559A EP 01983559 A EP01983559 A EP 01983559A EP 1327104 B1 EP1327104 B1 EP 1327104B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
combustion chamber
catalyst
combustion
flue gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01983559A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1327104A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Wolf
Kai Keldenich
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of EP1327104A1 publication Critical patent/EP1327104A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F23L7/005—Evaporated water; Steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/00001—Exhaust gas recirculation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method in which a solid fuel with often heterogeneous properties, preferably waste or biomass, burned under conditions which reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides or suppress.
  • Nitrogen oxides are in the environment and especially after Combustion processes an undesirable product. Therefore, will usually a considerable procedural effort operated by the in-process nitrogen oxides produced by to prevent a complicated flue gas aftertreatment.
  • staged combustion In order to reduce the formation of fuel NOx, the methodology of staged combustion has been introduced, especially for liquid, gaseous and dust fuels. It is achieved by air grading or targeted air distribution between primary, secondary and ev tertiary air, that in a first combustion section by substoichiometric operation, the precursors of fuel NOx are reduced to N 2 (see, for example, US Patent 5,626,085 or US Pat. Patent 4,704,084). The course of the reaction is very complex and not fully understood.
  • unburned substance CO product of incomplete combustion
  • NO to N 2 can be reduced (simplified: 2 CO + 2 NO ⁇ 2 CO 2 + N 2 ) But it is important to ensure that the reacting Process gases are intimately mixed to allow the reaction.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for To provide all solid, even inhomogeneous fuels at the formation of nitrogen oxides largely avoided or at least reduced.
  • the invention provides that on the one hand the previously for liquid and other homogeneous fuels used, graded Combustion also for heterogeneous fuels such as waste or Biomass is used, which in addition to the problem, which is predetermined by the inhomogeneity, often very strong are loaded with nitrogenous substances. This should the formation of nitric oxide largely avoided or completely be suppressed.
  • portions of a catalyst present as a solid which is preferably finely divided and / or has a high surface area, are additionally added to the flue gas.
  • the catalyst to be used according to the invention is capable of releasing non-gaseous excess oxygen into contact reactions with gaseous substances and subsequently of regenerating it again.
  • the gaseous substances are preferably oxidizable substances, in particular, for example, C x H y (hydrocarbons), carbon monoxide, but it can also be oxidized with it difficultly degradable toxins such as PCBs, dioxins or furans.
  • Suitable for the purposes of the present invention are e.g. ferro-oxide catalysts, e.g. finely dispersed iron oxide.
  • the Addition can be done together with the secondary air and / or additionally de-injected tertiary air.
  • the Catalyst also in other ways, e.g. with recirculated Flue gas or with steam, be blown. An injection in another, further downstream Area of the combustion chamber or boiler at a lower Temperature is also possible.
  • the expert will be the suitable variant readily considering the select given process conditions. It is essential that the Catalyst only after a certain minimum residence time of Flue gases in the combustion chamber or in the firebox or freeboard is used to the above reactions to Nitric oxide reduction not to hinder.
  • the catalyst supports combustion with excess available Oxygen, so that no unburned substances through the Boiler area to move into the flue gas cleaning.
  • the flue gas in the combustion chamber additionally imparted a pulse.
  • This can be done for example by the task of recirculated flue gas or tensioned water vapor or similar media through appropriately arranged nozzles.
  • Such process steps are known, for example, from DE 196 19 764 A1 of Hoechst AG or WO 93/07422 of VAW Aluminum AG.
  • turbulence is generated independently of the introduction of additional oxygen, as a result of which incompletely burned substances, such as CO and NO, come into better contact with one another and can react to form N 2 and CO 2 .
  • the precursor substances of nitrogen oxides are also greatly reduced to N 2 in this region, which is characterized by a substoichiometric atmosphere. Nevertheless, any resulting nitrogen oxides can be reduced to N 2 as described above.
  • the addition of primary air can be controlled so that certain temperature targets (e.g., temperature below ash softening point) be respected in or on the fuel bed.
  • certain temperature targets e.g., temperature below ash softening point
  • temperature targets can be determined by suitable temperature measuring devices be monitored, for example with the help of a Infrared camera.
  • gas atmosphere and in particular the oxygen content by suitable measuring instruments be monitored.
  • the catalyst also in the further Add the course of the combustion chamber or the boiler to the flue gas.
  • the person skilled in the art will readily find the suitable variant taking into account the given process conditions choose.
  • the catalyst can also only later the furnace or boiler 10 added to the flue gas when the process conditions appear beneficial to let.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de combustion de combustibles solides, même non homogènes, dans une installation de chauffage, procédé qui présente les étapes suivantes :
    (a) combustion, combustion partielle ou gazéification des combustibles solides dans la chambre de combustion sous atmosphère d'oxygène sub-stoechiométrique,
    (b) acheminement d'oxygène supplémentaire à l'espace de combustion dans la zone de transition entre la chambre de combustion et le foyer ou le franc bord en quantité sur-stoechiométrique,
    (c) addition d'un catalyseur présent sous forme solide pour améliorer ou accélérer les réactions en cours dans la zone dans laquelle on achemine également la quantité d'oxygène sur-stoechiométrique ou dans une zone suivante.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le catalyseur est choisi parmi des matériaux qui sont en mesure, dans les conditions environnantes régnant, de délivrer de l'oxygène, dans des réactions de contact, à des substances gazeuses et, en particulier, d'oxyder des hydrocarbures et du monoxyde de carbone.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme catalyseur un catalyseur d'oxyde de fer, en particulier un oxyde de fer finement dispersé.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on introduit de l'air tertiaire dans le sens du gaz de fumée après addition de l'air secondaire.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on introduit le catalyseur conjointement avec l'air secondaire.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute le catalyseur exclusivement ou en plus dans une partie du foyer située plus loin derrière dans le sens du gaz de fumée ou dans la zone de la chaudière de l'installation de chauffage.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique en plus une impulsion de mélange dans le gaz se trouvant dans la chambre de combustion.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'impulsion de mélange est appliquée par injection de gaz de fumée remis en circulation ou de vapeur d'eau comprimée.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que l'opération d'impulsion de mélange s'effectue dans l'espace de combustion.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'opération d'impulsion de mélange s'effectue dans la zone de transition entre la chambre de combustion et le foyer ou le franc bord ou derrière, dans le sens du gaz de fumée.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte le catalyseur conjointement avec le gaz de fumée remis en circulation ou la vapeur d'eau comprimée.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on contrôle et l'on règle la teneur en oxygène dans l'espace de combustion et/ou dans le foyer.
EP01983559A 2000-10-18 2001-10-17 Procede de combustion etagee de combustibles Expired - Lifetime EP1327104B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10051733 2000-10-18
DE10051733A DE10051733B4 (de) 2000-10-18 2000-10-18 Verfahren zur gestuften Verbrennung von Brennstoffen
PCT/EP2001/012029 WO2002033317A1 (fr) 2000-10-18 2001-10-17 Procede de combustion etagee de combustibles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1327104A1 EP1327104A1 (fr) 2003-07-16
EP1327104B1 true EP1327104B1 (fr) 2005-12-28

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Family Applications (1)

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EP01983559A Expired - Lifetime EP1327104B1 (fr) 2000-10-18 2001-10-17 Procede de combustion etagee de combustibles

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1327104B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004511750A (fr)
KR (1) KR20030046512A (fr)
AT (1) ATE314613T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10051733B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002033317A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100467948C (zh) * 2003-04-18 2009-03-11 杰富意工程株式会社 炉篦式废弃物焚烧炉及其燃烧控制方法
DE102005009957B4 (de) 2005-03-04 2007-02-01 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoffen, insbesondere Abfall
EP2505919A1 (fr) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-03 Hitachi Zosen Inova AG Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion des gaz d'échappement d'une installation de combustion par homogénéisation des gaz de fumée dessus du lit de combustion réalisée par injection des gaz de fumée
JP6443758B2 (ja) * 2015-03-31 2018-12-26 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 火格子式廃棄物焼却炉及び廃棄物焼却方法
CN109359369A (zh) * 2018-10-08 2019-02-19 沈阳工程学院 一种生物质层燃锅炉炉内氮氧化物生成预测快速计算方法
KR20240000668U (ko) 2022-10-15 2024-04-23 박기범 자동화된 대형가위질기계

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3759036A (en) * 1970-03-01 1973-09-18 Chevron Res Power generation
US3816595A (en) * 1971-11-15 1974-06-11 Aqua Chem Inc Method and apparatus for removing nitrogen oxides from a gas stream
JPS5641296B2 (fr) * 1974-11-11 1981-09-28
US4704084A (en) * 1979-12-26 1987-11-03 Battelle Development Corporation NOX reduction in multisolid fluidized bed combustors
JPS5837415A (ja) * 1981-08-28 1983-03-04 株式会社　タクマ 低ＮＯｘ用ごみ焼却炉
DE3712039A1 (de) * 1987-04-09 1988-10-27 Muellverbrennungsanlage Wupper Verbrennungskessel, insbesondere zur muellverbrennung
NL8902749A (nl) * 1989-11-07 1991-06-03 Leonardus Mathijs Marie Nevels Werkwijze voor het verbranden van veelsoortig afvalsmateriaal, daarbij te gebruiken oven, alsmede universeel afvalverbrandingssysteem met een aantal van dergelijke ovens.
DE59205258D1 (de) * 1991-10-08 1996-03-14 Muellkraftwerk Schwandorf Betr Verfahren zur verbrennung von feststoffen
DE4321462C2 (de) * 1993-06-28 1999-01-21 Thermoselect Ag Verfahren zum Entfernen von stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen aus Schwelgasen
DE4402172C2 (de) * 1994-01-26 2000-09-28 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Brennstoff und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US5626085A (en) * 1995-12-26 1997-05-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Control of staged combustion, low NOx firing systems with single or multiple levels of overfire air
DE19619764C2 (de) * 1996-05-17 2003-12-18 Infraserv Gmbh & Co Hoechst Kg Verfahren zur Minimierung des NO¶x¶-Gehaltes in Rauchgasen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10051733B4 (de) 2005-08-04
ATE314613T1 (de) 2006-01-15
DE50108574D1 (de) 2006-02-02
JP2004511750A (ja) 2004-04-15
DE10051733A1 (de) 2002-05-16
KR20030046512A (ko) 2003-06-12
WO2002033317A1 (fr) 2002-04-25
EP1327104A1 (fr) 2003-07-16

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