EP1314495A2 - Mantel für eine Giesswalze einer Zweiwalzengiessanlage - Google Patents
Mantel für eine Giesswalze einer Zweiwalzengiessanlage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1314495A2 EP1314495A2 EP02025371A EP02025371A EP1314495A2 EP 1314495 A2 EP1314495 A2 EP 1314495A2 EP 02025371 A EP02025371 A EP 02025371A EP 02025371 A EP02025371 A EP 02025371A EP 1314495 A2 EP1314495 A2 EP 1314495A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- copper alloy
- casting roll
- cobalt
- roll according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
- B22D11/0651—Casting wheels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a casting roll for a two-roll caster.
- the temperature gradient between the surface and the back in combination with the cyclic change in the surface temperature of the casting rolls causes thermal stresses in the surface area of the shell material.
- the lower electrical conductivity of a known CuNiBe alloy with An addition of up to 1% of niobium leads in comparison to a CuCrZr alloy a higher surface temperature. Since the electrical conductivity is about proportional to the thermal conductivity behaves, the surface temperature a shell of a casting roll of the CuNiBe alloy compared to a Casting roller with a jacket of CuCrZr with a maximum temperature of Increase 400 ° C at the surface and 30 ° C at the back to about 540 ° C.
- ternary CuNiBe- or CuCoBe alloys generally have a Brinell hardness of over 200 HBW, but reaches the electrical conductivity of the standard semi-finished products made from these materials, such as rods for the production of resistance welding electrodes or sheets and strips for the production of springs or Leadframes, possibly in the range of 26 Sm / mm 2 to about 32 Sm / mm 2 values. Under optimum conditions, only a surface temperature on the shell of a casting roll of about 585 ° C would be achieved with these standard materials.
- EP 0 548 636 B1 also includes the prior art, the use of a curable copper alloy of 1.0% to 2.6% nickel, which may be wholly or partially replaced by cobalt, 0.1% to 0.45% Beryllium, optionally 0.05% to 0.25% zirconium and optionally up to a maximum of 0.15% of at least one element of the niobium, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, chromium, cerium and hafnium group, balance copper including manufacturing impurities and more common Processing additives with a Brinell hardness of at least 200 HBW and an electrical conductivity above 38 Sm / mm 2 as a material for the production of casting rolls and casting wheels.
- Alloys with these compositions exhibit due to the relatively high Alloy element content disadvantages in hot workability. It is, however high degrees of hot working required to, starting from the coarse-grained cast structure with several millimeters of grain size, a finer-grained product with a grain size ⁇ 1.5 mm (according to ASTM E 112) to achieve.
- Large-format casting rolls have so far been sufficient only with great effort large cast blocks with sufficient quality to produce; however, they are hardly available technical forming equipment to a reasonable effort a sufficiently high hot kneading for recrystallization of the cast structure in a Fine grain structure to realize.
- the invention is - based on the prior art - the task of to provide a casting roll as part of a Zweiwalzeng intelligent fabric, which in close-to-near-net casting of strips of non-ferrous metals without further changing temperature stresses and high rolling pressures can be exposed to a long service life.
- the casting roll can be designed as a hollow cylinder, that is to say inherently rigid without a core be.
- the surface coming into contact with the tapes to be cast can but also part of a shell with a core, in particular a Be steel core.
- the jacket can then be applied to such a core as a carrier shrunk, hopped or pulled up and then mechanically jammed.
- the envelope surface of the surface of the casting roll can be cylindrical or with a Cambering to optionally a roll deflection too compensate.
- claim 3 contains the Copper alloy for the cladding accounted for ⁇ 1.0% cobalt, 0.15% to 0.3% Beryllium and 0.15% to 0.3% zirconium.
- this ratio of cobalt to Beryllium 2.2 to 5 is a ratio of cobalt to Beryllium 2.2 to 5.
- the invention allows it that according to the features of claim 6 the copper alloy in addition to cobalt contains up to 0.6% nickel.
- the copper alloy of the shell to not more than 0,15% of at least one element of niobium, manganese, tantalum, Vanadium, titanium, chromium, cerium and hafnium group.
- the shell is produced according to claim 8 by the processing steps casting, hot forming, solution annealing at 850 ° C to 980 ° C, cold forming up to 30% and curing at 400 ° C to 550 ° C within a period of 4 to 32 h, wherein the Sheath has a maximum mean grain size of 1.5 mm according to ASTM E 112, a hardness of at least 170 HBW and an electrical conductivity of at least 26 Sm / mm 2 .
- the jacket according to claim 9 in the cured state has a mean particle size of 30 microns to 500 microns according to ASTM E 112, a hardness of at least 185 HBW, a conductivity between 30 and 36 Sm / mm 2 , a 0, 2% proof stress of at least 450 MPa and an elongation at break of at least 12%.
- the jacket with a Coating which reduces the heat permeability or the Heat flow evened out, the product quality of the cast-off strip can be out a non-ferrous metal, but especially of aluminum or a Aluminum alloy, to be further increased.
- This coating is targeted due to the performance of the jacket of a copper alloy in particular causes an aluminum strip characterized in that at the beginning of a Abg discernund Rolling process from the interaction of copper with aluminum on the Surface of the shell forms an adhesive layer, then from the further Course of the casting process aluminum penetrate into the copper surface and there form a stable resistant diffusion layer, the thickness and Property substantially determined by casting speed and cooling conditions are. As a result, the surface quality of the aluminum strip is improved and Consequently, the product quality increased significantly.
- the surface of the casting roll may be formed smooth according to claim 12. This design can be achieved in particular by rolling. That way In the edge zone, compressive stresses induced an additional resistance to prevent cracking and crack propagation to the life of the Increase casting roll.
- the surface of the Casting roller is textured. Texturing can be done, for example, by machining, Rolling, eroding or blasting occur. By such measures, the Heat transfer coefficient can be influenced in a targeted manner.
- Such a substance can in addition to a metallic material, such as in particular Nickel or a nickel alloy, also be a ceramic material.
- a metallic material such as in particular Nickel or a nickel alloy
- Such Backfilling of the depressions formed by texturing in the surface of the Casting roll is used to produce good surface qualities and to ensure a lasting influence on the thermal conductivity.
- the alloys were then subjected to at least 30 minutes solution annealing above 850 ° C with subsequent water quenching and then cured for 4 to 32 hours in the temperature range between 400 ° C and 550 ° C.
- the property combinations listed in Table 2 below were achieved.
- the invention achieves Alloys for making a shell of a casting roll the aimed recrystallized fine grain structure with a correspondingly good Elongation at break.
- a particle size is greater 1.5 mm, which reduces the plasticity of the material.
- inventive alloys A to G in turn show good elongation at break and a grain size less than 0.5 mm, while the comparative alloys H to J a coarse grain with a grain size over 1.5 mm and lower Have elongation at break values.
- these copper alloys have unique Processing advantages in the production of coats, in particular for larger casting rolls of Zweiwalzeng cordanlagen, which makes it possible, a fine-grained End product with optimum basic properties for the application area to create.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| Legierung | Co (%) | Ni (%) | Be (%) | Zr (%) | Mg (%) | Cu (%) |
| A | 0,68 | - | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,03 | Rest |
| B | 1,0 | - | 0,22 | 0,22 | 0,03 | Rest |
| C | 1,4 | - | 0,20 | 0,18 | 0,02 | Rest |
| D | 0,65 | - | 0,29 | 0,21 | 0,04 | Rest |
| E | 1,0 | - | 0,31 | 0,24 | 0,01 | Rest |
| F | 1,4 | - | 0,28 | 0,29 | 0,03 | Rest |
| G | 1,0 | 0,1 | 0,22 | 0,16 | 0,03 | Rest |
| H | - | 1,7 | 0,27 | 0,16 | - | Rest |
| I | 2,1 | - | 0,55 | 0,24 | - | Rest |
| J | - | 1,4 | 0,54 | 0,20 | - | Rest |
| Legierung | Rm | Rp0,2 | A | HB 2,5 | el. Leitf. | Korngröße |
| MPa | MPa | % | 187,5 | Sm/mm2 | mm | |
| A | 694 | 492 | 21 | 207 | 36,8 | 0,09-0,025 |
| B | 675 | 486 | 18 | 207 | 32,8 | 0,09-0,018 |
| C | 651 | 495 | 18 | 211 | 30,0 | 0,045-0,013 |
| D | 707 | 501 | 19 | 207 | 31,4 | 0,09-0,025 |
| E | 735 | 505 | 19 | 229 | 33,6 | 0,045-0,018 |
| F | 735 | 520 | 19 | 224 | 32,3 | 0,09-0,025 |
| G | 696 | 513 | 18 | 213 | 33,5 | 0,065-0,018 |
| H | 688 | 556 | 10 | 202 | 41,0 | 2-3 |
| I | 784 | 541 | 11 | 229 | 30,3 | 1,5-3 |
| J | 645 | 510 | 4 | 198 | 30,9 | 4-6 |
| Rm = Zugfestigkeit RP0,2 = 0,2 % Dehngrenze A = Bruchdehnung HBW = Brinellhärte |
| Legierung | Rm | Rp0,2 | A | HBW 2,5 | el. Leitf. | Korngröße |
| MPa | MPa | % | 187,5 | Sm/mm2 | mm | |
| A | 688 | 532 | 20 | 211 | 36,7 | 0,13-0,025 |
| B | 679 | 534 | 18 | 207 | 34,6 | 0,045-0,018 |
| C | 741 | 600 | 17 | 227 | 34,4 | 0,065-0,018 |
| D | 690 | 537 | 21 | 207 | 32,6 | 0,065-0,025 |
| E | 735 | 576 | 19 | 230 | 34,7 | 0,045-0,018 |
| F | 741 | 600 | 17 | 227 | 34,4 | 0,13-0,025 |
| G | 695 | 591 | 15 | 224 | 33,0 | 0,18-0,035 |
| H | 751 | 689 | 9 | 202 | 40,9 | 2-4 |
| I | 836 | 712 | 10 | 229 | 31,0 | 2-3 |
| J | 726 | 651 | 6 | 198 | 31,5 | 3-6 |
Claims (14)
- Gießwalze für eine Zweiwalzengießanlage, die beim endabmessungsnahen Gießen von Bändern aus Nichteisenmetallen einer wechselnden Temperaturbeanspruchung und hohen Walzdrücken unterliegt, welche einen Mantel aus einer aushärtbaren Kupferlegierung aus - jeweils in Gew.% ausgedrückt - 0,4 % bis 2 % Kobalt, welches teilweise durch Nickel ersetzbar ist, 0,1 % bis 0,5 % Beryllium, wahlweise 0,03 % bis 0,5 % Zirkonium, 0,005 % bis 0,1 % Magnesium und gegebenenfalls maximal 0,15 % mindestens eines Elements aus der Niob, Mangan, Tantal, Vanadium, Titan, Chrom, Cer und Hafnium umfassenden Gruppe, Rest Kupfer einschließlich herstellungsbedingter Verunreinigungen und üblicher Verarbeitungszusätze besteht.
- Gießwalze nach Patentanspruch 1, bei welcher die Kupferlegierung 0,03 % bis 0,35 % Zirkonium und 0,005 % bis 0,05 % Magnesium enthält.
- Gießwalze nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, bei welcher die Kupferlegierung einen Anteil kleiner 1,0 % Kobalt, 0,15 % bis 0,3 % Beryllium und 0,15 % bis 0,3 % Zirkonium enthält.
- Gießwalze nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3, bei welcher in der Kupferlegierung das Verhältnis Kobalt zu Beryllium zwischen 2 und 15 beträgt.
- Gießwalze nach Patentanspruch 4, bei welcher in der Kupferlegierung das Verhältnis Kobalt zu Beryllium zwischen 2,2 und 5 beträgt.
- Gießwalze nach mindestens einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, bei welcher die Kupferlegierung neben Kobalt bis zu 0,6 % Nickel enthält.
- Gießwalze nach mindestens einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 6, bei welcher die Kupferlegierung bis maximal 0,15 % mindestens eines Elements aus der Niob, Mangan, Tantal, Vanadium, Titan, Chrom, Cer und Hafnium umfassenden Gruppe enthält.
- Gießwalze nach mindestens einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 7, die wenigstens hinsichtlich des Mantels durch die Verarbeitungsschritte Gießen, Warmumformen, Lösungsglühen bei 850 °C bis 980 °C, Kaltumformen bis zu 30 % sowie Aushärten bei 400 °C bis 550 °C innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 4 bis 32 h hergestellt ist und eine maximale mittlere Korngröße von 1,5 mm nach ASTM E 112, eine Härte von mindestens 170 HBW und eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit von mindestens 26 Sm/mm2 aufweist.
- Gießwalze nach Patentanspruch 8, bei welcher der Mantel im ausgehärteten Zustand eine mittlere Korngröße von 30 µm bis 500 µm nach ASTM E 112, eine Härte von mindestens 185 HBW, eine Leitfähigkeit zwischen 30 und 36 Sm/mm2, eine 0,2 % Dehngrenze von mindestens 450 MPa und eine Bruchdehnung von mindestens 12 % aufweist.
- Gießwalze nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 9, bei welcher der Mantel mit einer die Wärmedurchlässigkeit reduzierenden Beschichtung versehen ist.
- Gießwalze nach Patentanspruch 10, bei welcher die Beschichtung eine hohe Oberflächenhärte aufweist.
- Gießwalze nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 11, bei welcher die Oberfläche glatt ausgebildet ist.
- Gießwalze nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 11, bei welcher die Oberfläche texturiert ist.
- Gießwalze nach Patentanspruch 13, bei welcher in die durch die Texturierung gebildeten Vertiefungen ein Stoff mit einer gegenüber der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Kupfer niedrigeren Wärmeleitfähigkeit eingebettet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10156926 | 2001-11-21 | ||
| DE10156926 | 2001-11-21 | ||
| DE10224268A DE10224268A1 (de) | 2001-11-21 | 2002-05-31 | Gießwalze für eine Zweiwalzengießanlage |
| DE10224268 | 2002-05-31 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1314495A2 true EP1314495A2 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
| EP1314495A3 EP1314495A3 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
| EP1314495B1 EP1314495B1 (de) | 2017-01-11 |
Family
ID=26010619
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02025371.2A Expired - Lifetime EP1314495B1 (de) | 2001-11-21 | 2002-11-14 | Mantel für eine Giesswalze einer Zweiwalzengiessanlage |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030094219A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1314495B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4295492B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100961239B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1419982A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0204713A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2410245C (de) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02010879A (de) |
| NO (1) | NO340437B1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW590822B (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101333609B (zh) * | 2007-06-28 | 2011-03-16 | 周水军 | 重力、低压铸造用低铍铜合金模具材料及其生产工艺 |
| US11766714B2 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2023-09-26 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Method of forming a roll body or roll mantle |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0417058A (pt) * | 2003-12-01 | 2007-03-27 | Sms Demag Ag | acionador de bobina com rolos acionadores com camisa fundida |
| DE102008015096A1 (de) * | 2008-03-19 | 2009-09-24 | Kme Germany Ag & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gießformteilen sowie nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Gießformteile |
| CN113234956B (zh) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-05-24 | 中铝沈阳有色金属加工有限公司 | 一种大吨位的铬锆铜铸锭真空熔铸方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3830644A (en) * | 1969-09-19 | 1974-08-20 | Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co | Copper alloy for plastic-working molds |
| US4179314A (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1979-12-18 | Kawecki Berylco Industries, Inc. | Treatment of beryllium-copper alloy and articles made therefrom |
| US4377424A (en) * | 1980-05-26 | 1983-03-22 | Chuetsu Metal Works Co., Ltd. | Mold of precipitation hardenable copper alloy for continuous casting mold |
| US4657601A (en) * | 1983-11-10 | 1987-04-14 | Brush Wellman Inc. | Thermomechanical processing of beryllium-copper alloys |
| US4599120A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1986-07-08 | Brush Wellman Inc. | Processing of copper alloys |
| JPS6260879A (ja) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-03-17 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 耐摩耗性銅合金部材 |
| JPH02111835A (ja) * | 1988-10-20 | 1990-04-24 | Chuetsu Gokin Chuko Kk | 電磁攪拌用鋳型材料 |
| JP2869076B2 (ja) * | 1988-12-19 | 1999-03-10 | 中越合金鋳工株式会社 | 析出硬化型連続鋳造用鋳型材料 |
| DE4142941A1 (de) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-01 | Kabelmetal Ag | Verwendung einer aushaertbaren kupferlegierung |
| JP3303623B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-22 | 2002-07-22 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 製鋼連続鋳造用銅合金モールド素材の製造方法およびそれにより製造されたモールド |
| JP2971790B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-11-08 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 熱伝導性−硬さバランスに優れた鋳造用金型 |
| CN1066490C (zh) * | 1995-11-17 | 2001-05-30 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 用于铸造铝或铝合金的铜合金铸模,其制造方法和用途 |
| FR2750438B1 (fr) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-08-07 | Usinor Sacilor | Procede et installation de revetement electrolytique par une couche metallique de la surface d'un cylindre pour coulee continue de bandes metalliques minces |
| DE10018504A1 (de) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-18 | Sms Demag Ag | Verwendung einer aushärtbaren Kupferlegierung für Kokillen |
| DE10156925A1 (de) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-28 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Aushärtbare Kupferlegierung als Werkstoff zur Herstellung von Giessformen |
-
2002
- 2002-10-25 TW TW091124995A patent/TW590822B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-28 CA CA2410245A patent/CA2410245C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-05 MX MXPA02010879A patent/MXPA02010879A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-14 US US10/294,357 patent/US20030094219A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-14 EP EP02025371.2A patent/EP1314495B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-19 CN CN02151419A patent/CN1419982A/zh active Pending
- 2002-11-19 BR BR0204713-6A patent/BR0204713A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-20 NO NO20025563A patent/NO340437B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-20 JP JP2002336609A patent/JP4295492B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-20 KR KR1020020072434A patent/KR100961239B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101333609B (zh) * | 2007-06-28 | 2011-03-16 | 周水军 | 重力、低压铸造用低铍铜合金模具材料及其生产工艺 |
| US11766714B2 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2023-09-26 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Method of forming a roll body or roll mantle |
| AT523002A3 (de) * | 2019-09-16 | 2024-09-15 | Skf Ab | Rollenmantel, Rollenkörper und Verfahren |
| AT523002B1 (de) * | 2019-09-16 | 2025-08-15 | Skf Ab | Rollenmantel, Rollenkörper und Verfahren |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MXPA02010879A (es) | 2004-07-16 |
| EP1314495A3 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
| JP2003191056A (ja) | 2003-07-08 |
| KR100961239B1 (ko) | 2010-06-03 |
| CA2410245A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
| BR0204713A (pt) | 2003-09-16 |
| JP4295492B2 (ja) | 2009-07-15 |
| NO20025563D0 (no) | 2002-11-20 |
| CN1419982A (zh) | 2003-05-28 |
| NO340437B1 (no) | 2017-04-24 |
| NO20025563L (no) | 2003-05-22 |
| KR20030041833A (ko) | 2003-05-27 |
| CA2410245C (en) | 2017-03-21 |
| TW590822B (en) | 2004-06-11 |
| US20030094219A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
| EP1314495B1 (de) | 2017-01-11 |
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