EP1313642B1 - Control device for a steering kite on a boat - Google Patents

Control device for a steering kite on a boat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1313642B1
EP1313642B1 EP01969672A EP01969672A EP1313642B1 EP 1313642 B1 EP1313642 B1 EP 1313642B1 EP 01969672 A EP01969672 A EP 01969672A EP 01969672 A EP01969672 A EP 01969672A EP 1313642 B1 EP1313642 B1 EP 1313642B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boat
control device
steering
kite
lines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01969672A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1313642A1 (en
Inventor
Edwin Lundgren
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Lundgren Edwin
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Lundgren Edwin
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE20016988U external-priority patent/DE20016988U1/en
Application filed by Lundgren Edwin filed Critical Lundgren Edwin
Publication of EP1313642A1 publication Critical patent/EP1313642A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/069—Kite-sails for vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • B63B1/121—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising two hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
    • B63H2025/066—Arrangements of two or more rudders; Steering gear therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device for a kite on a vehicle, which stunt kite is steerable via at least two or three, preferably at least four or five flying lines by means of a steering device.
  • the invention relates to a control device of a steering kite on a boat, so that in the following predominantly of a boat is mentioned, without that a restriction should be connected.
  • Such stunt kites are well known, which may be designed, for example, as so-called tube kites or soft kites.
  • the tube kites get their aerodynamic shape by pumping forming elements.
  • Soft kites acquire the desired aerodynamic shape by absorbing air during the first few minutes of flight.
  • the kites are controlled by two or four flying lines and a corresponding steering device to which the flying lines are attached, directed in the desired direction.
  • the arrangement is such that the stunt kite is attached via two lines of the four flying lines relatively fixed to the body via a crossbar.
  • the control lines the stunt kite is controlled.
  • An additional third or fifth line is used as a safety line or as a starting line.
  • EP 0 853 576 B1 discloses a boat in which a kite sail is fastened to the boat via a pivoting arm.
  • the arrangement is made here so that the rotary arm is hinged substantially at the point on the boat, on which the conventional vertical mast would sit.
  • Means are provided to pivot the rotary arm about a horizontal axis so that the outer end with the flight line is in a position relative to the boat in which the wind-deflected side of the boat is lifted out of the water.
  • the use of a rotary arm has the disadvantage that it requires sufficient space to move on the boat deck as a rotating rigid construction.
  • the rotatable and pivotable mounting of the rotating arm at the articulation point is extremely complicated and exposed to very high forces.
  • the device for raising or lowering the rotary arm requires an increased space requirement.
  • the invention has the object of providing a control device for a stunt kite on a boat of the type described in such a way that on the one hand, the large wind forces can be safely absorbed. On the other hand, it should be ensured that the wind-deflected side of the boat is always lifted out of the water due to the wind force. Nevertheless, the control device be easy to produce and easy to use.
  • control device comprises at least one Krafteinleitschiene on which a deflection device for the flying lines is reciprocally mounted and which extends substantially horizontally above the waterline and is secured to the boat so that the deflection is aligned between the stunt kite and the steering device such that due to the tensile force of the steering kite, a torque about the longitudinal axis and / or transverse axis of the boat is generated in the water, through which torque the wind side facing away from the boat is lifted upwards.
  • this is achieved in that the deflecting device is held on the force introduction rail in each position at a distance from the axis of rotation and / or longitudinal axis and / or transverse axis of the boat, about which axes the boat would rotate or tilt at a force in the water ,
  • the side of the boat facing away from the wind is always lifted upwards, irrespective of the orientation of the steering kite relative to the boat. An immersion of the leeward side and thus a risk of capsizing is thus reliably avoided.
  • the formation of the force introduction rail is basically arbitrary. It may be provided that the force introduction rail is substantially straight and extends transversely to the boat in the front region of the boat. Here is achieved by simple means that the stunt kite is depending on the wind direction and direction of travel on one side or the other side of the boat and the deflection in the corresponding side moves while the steering device behind the force introduction rail remains freely operable.
  • the force introduction rail is formed at least partially arcuate.
  • the force introduction rail is adapted to the contour of the front portion of the boat.
  • a visually appealing exterior is formed, while at the same time the required torque for lifting the windward side of the boat is generated.
  • the force introduction rail is at least partially annular.
  • the force introduction rail forms a closed circular ring.
  • the deflection device has at least one deflection roller, at least for the control and towing lines of the flying lines. This ensures that the flying lines can be performed properly in the deflection even at high forces.
  • the pulleys may for example be ball bearings.
  • the deflection device comprises guide means which hold the flying lines on the deflection roller. These guide means may be formed, for example, as eyelets or straps, which prevent the flying lines from jumping off the deflection roller. It is also possible to use the usual sailboat roller blocks to guide the lines. This is particularly useful in a quick change of the orientation of the boat relative to the kite steer.
  • the deflection device can be locked on the power-retaining rail. As a result, a stable force application point is formed, so that a uniform movement of the boat is possible.
  • the deflection can be determined, for example, by a brake on he force introduction.
  • the deflection device is active on the force introduction rail, for example by adjusting wheels and / or motorized.
  • the force application point can be fixed, for example, when starting the boat.
  • the deflection will automatically depending on the wind direction and the direction of travel on the Adjust force introduction rail. This will be the case in particular when using a substantially circular force introduction rail.
  • the steering device for the kite is manually operated.
  • the steering device for the stunt kite each includes servomotors at least for the control and pull lines of the flying lines. This allows automatic and optimized control of the steering kite.
  • the boat can be a monohull.
  • the boat is a multi-hulled boat and in particular a catamaran with two hulls.
  • the force introduction rail and their attachments to the hulls connects the same. It is formed as a stable, yet lightweight construction. Since the boat always rises on the wind-turned-up side, and thus out of the water, regardless of the wind force, high speeds can be achieved here without danger of capsizing.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the horizontal wind forces FWIH and vertical wind forces FWIV acting on a sailboat are schematically shown the resulting inclination of the boat 11.
  • the sail 12 which is conventionally attached to a vertical mast 13, will tilt the boat 11 down to the wind-deflected side. It is therefore always necessary to keep the boat substantially in the horizontal position for the largest possible wind attack surface. In too strong wind, however, this will not be possible even with larger counterweights on the windward side, so that capsize unavoidable or a reduction of the sail area is necessary.
  • the wind as shown schematically in Figure 2, comes from behind, also for the locomotion of the boat 11 unfavorable torque MS is generated about its transverse axis. This torque causes immersion of the wind-deflected front side, so the bow, so that in too much wind, the deck is washed over. Again, capsizing can be the result.
  • FIG 3 shows schematically the articulation of a steering kite 20 on a boat 21.
  • the stunt kite 20 is steered and controlled in the usual way by four flying lines 22 with a steering device not shown.
  • This steering device 25 includes receptacles for four flying lines of the kite, by means of which Movements against each other and / or by changing the lengths of the individual lines an individual alignment of the steering kite 20 can be made possible.
  • Such steering devices are basically known and therefore require no further explanation.
  • a force introduction rail 23 is provided, on which a deflection device 24 is reciprocally mounted for the flying lines.
  • the force introduction rail 23 is connected to the boat, for example, via stands and supports.
  • the fastening means in this case allow a free movement of the deflecting device on the force introduction rail.
  • the position of the Krafteinleitschiene relative to the boat is chosen so that the force is applied to the boat via the deflection torque about the transverse or longitudinal axis 26 and 27 is generated, which lifts the windabgewallte side of the boat out of the water.
  • this affects the bow of the ship, in a lateral wind intervention, so for example when cruising, this concerns the left or the right side of the boat.
  • it is always achieved that the side in the direction of travel, so the wind-deflected side of the boat is lifted out of the water. A sliding of the boat and a low resistance of the boat on the water are thus possible. A higher achievable speed even when cruising against the wind is the result.
  • the rotational, transverse and longitudinal axes around which the boat will turn and tilt in the event of force will depend on the boat's design and submersion depth. It must therefore be taken to ensure that the force application point, which is defined by the position of the deflector 24 on the Krafteinleitschiene 23 is selected so that regardless of the depth of immersion, a positive torque, ie a torque that the windabgelidte side of the boat out of the water raises, is generated. the same applies to a land vehicle in which the tilting axes are defined by the contact surfaces of the wheels or runners on the ground.
  • FIG. 4 shows a wrong arrangement of the guide rail 23 '.
  • a negative torque MF is generated around the transverse axis 26.
  • An immersion of the windablosten side 28 and thus the risk of capsizing of the boat would be the result.
  • FIG. 5 shows a simple embodiment of the control device according to the invention.
  • the force introduction rail 23 is formed horizontally extending straight and extends transversely to the boat in the front area.
  • the deflector 24 is on the right or, as shown in the drawing, left side of the boat 21st are located. In any case, however, a torque is generated that the wind-turned side, so the bow 28 or the left side 29 in the drawing lifts out of the water.
  • the deflection device 24 can be locked on the guide rail 23 to allow, for example, in a wind only from behind a central force application point on the force introduction rail.
  • the force input rail is at least partially arcuate and adapted to the contour of the bow 28 of the boat 21. It is obvious that an optimized alignment of the deflection device 24 relative to the boat 21 can take place here. It is also sufficient here for crossing against the wind that the deflection can only move by about 150 ° relative to the axis of rotation 31 of the boat 21. This corresponds to the preferred orientation of the steering kite relative to the direction of travel 32 of the boat.
  • FIG. 7 shows a multihull boat which has two individual hulls 38.
  • the arrangement is here in detail made such that the force introduction rail 33 is used as a connecting element of the two hulls 38.
  • the force introduction rail is, as shown in Figure 7, at least in relation to the forward movement 34 of the boat formed annularly.
  • the steering device 25 is located approximately in the center of this annulus. To the rear, the force introduction rail is limited by a simple crossbar 35.
  • the deflection device 24 can therefore move in the embodiment shown in the drawing by about 240 ° about the center and thus to the pivot point of the boat on the Krafteinleitschiene 33.
  • Figure 8 shows another embodiment of a multi-hull boat, wherein the force introduction rail 36 is formed completely circular. It can be provided that this force introduction rail 36 extends concentrically around the axis of rotation 37 of the multi-hull boat. Again, the force introduction rail 36 serves as a connecting element of the two hulls 38. It is obvious that in particular this construction of Figure 8 is simple and yet causes optimal alignment of the steering kite 20 relative to the boat.
  • FIG. 9 shows an incorrect dimensioning of the spacing of the individual hulls 38 with respect to the force introduction rail 39. Due to the wind force FWI on the steer kite 20, a wind force FWIH acting on the boat is generated which lies above the longitudinal axis 27. The reaction force of the boat in the water RWA attacks below the same. Overall, a torque M is generated which will push the wind-deflected side 40 of the boat into the water.
  • FIG. 10 shows a correct dimensioning of the spacing of the individual hulls 38 and a correct position of the force introduction rail 33, 36. Due to the wind force FWI acting on the boat at the angle ⁇ at the steer kite 20 and the large distance of the force introduction rail to the longitudinal or transverse axis 27, the horizontal wind force component FWIH will likewise act at a distance a below these axes. Thus, a torque M is always generated about the longitudinal axis 27 or about the transverse axis 26, which raises the wind-deflected side 41 from the water. It is further noted that a flat-flying kite at a very small angle ⁇ , more likely to produce no or a negative torque on the boat.
  • the angle ⁇ in operation will usually be in the range between 10 ° and 30 °. Thus, a capsizing of the boat is reliably avoided.
  • the at least partially circular force introduction rails define a space in which the steering device 25 takes place.
  • the space is dimensioned so that a person to operate the steering device can stay there.
  • there may be arranged the control for the rudder blades of the boat, so that a one-man operation is possible.
  • FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a multihull boat with a circular force introduction rail 36 in detail.
  • the force introduction rail 36 can, as shown in FIG. 12, be designed as an inwardly open C-profile.
  • This C-profile forms an abutment for a roller assembly 42 of the deflector 24.
  • the deflection device 24 is part of an inner ring 45, which rotates in the outer ring formed by the force introduction rail 36.
  • this one is Inner ring provided at several points along its circumference bearing rollers.
  • a star-shaped structure for example with three star arms, may be sufficient.
  • a plate 46 is fixed, on which a person finds room for operating the steering device 25.
  • the axis of rotation 37 extends in the illustrated embodiment, the steering wheel 47 for the terminal rudder blades 48 on each hull 38.
  • the brake 49 is arranged for detecting the deflecting device on the Krafteinleitschiene 36.
  • the deflection device 25 comprises a web 50 which extends radially outwardly beyond the Krafeinleitschine 36. At the outer end pulleys 51 for the individual flying lines are available. Thus, the force introduction point can be guided relatively far to the outside. Nevertheless, the construction remains compact.
  • the steering device 25 is anchored for the flying lines of the steering kite. Not only the steering kite is controlled via the steering device 25, but also the tensile forces for the forward movement are transmitted to the boat.
  • the deflection device 24 shifts the force introduction point via the force introduction rail so that a positive torque is generated about the longitudinal and / or transverse axis, which lifts the boat on its windabgewallten side of the water.
  • the flying lines of the steering kite can be distinguished in pull lines and steering lines of the steering kite.
  • a shock absorber 52 between the steering device and the steering kite for at least two flying lines of the total of four flying lines.
  • a shock absorber can, for example, act together for the two pulling lines. But it can also be provided in each case a shock absorber for each a flying line.
  • This shock absorber may be a spring or a rubber-elastic element, which is arranged in the relevant flying line or over which the flying line or line is attached to the steering device. Excessive forces caused by gusts of wind, the shock absorber, whereby an extension of the relevant leash is. This tilts the kite in the wind, which among other things, a reduction of the effective area is effected. The force acting on the boat is then reduced, so that the gust of wind is attenuated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Guiding Agricultural Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A control device for a steering kite on a boat. The steering kite can be steered by a steering device and at least two or three, preferably at least four or five, suspension lines. The control device comprises at least one force introduction rail that extends horizontally over the water line and on which a deviation device for the suspension lines is positioned in such a way that it can move back and forth. The rail is fixed to the boat between the steering kite and the steering device in such a way that the traction force of the steering kite produces torque about the longitudinal axis and/or the transverse axis of the boat in the water, by means of which the leeward side of the boat is lifted upwards.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Steuervorrichtung für einen Lenkdrachen an einem Fahrzeug, welcher Lenkdrachen über wenigstens zwei oder drei, vorzugsweise über wenigstens vier oder fünf Flugleinen mittels einer Lenkeinrichtung lenkbar ist. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung eine Steuervorrichtung eines Lenkdrachens an einem Boot, so daß im folgenden überwiegend von einem Boot die Rede ist, ohne daß damit eine Beschränkung verbunden sein soll.The invention relates to a control device for a kite on a vehicle, which stunt kite is steerable via at least two or three, preferably at least four or five flying lines by means of a steering device. In particular, the invention relates to a control device of a steering kite on a boat, so that in the following predominantly of a boat is mentioned, without that a restriction should be connected.

Derartige Lenkdrachen sind allgemein bekannt, die beispielsweise als sogenannte Tube-Kites oder Soft-kites ausgebildet sein können. Die Tube-Kites erhalten ihre aerodynamische Form durch Aufpumpen von formgebenden Elementen. Soft-Kites erhalten durch Aufnehmen von Luft während der ersten Flugminuten die gewünschte aerodynamische Gestalt. In der Regel werden die Lenkdrachen über zwei oder vier Flugleinen und einer entsprechenden Lenkeinrichtung, an der die Flugleinen befestigt sind, gesteuert und in die gewünschte Richtung gelenkt. Häufig ist die Anordnung so getroffen, daß der Lenkdrachen über zwei Zugleinen der vier Flugleinen relativ fest mit dem Körper über eine Traverse befestigt ist. Über die beiden anderen Flugleinen, die Steuerleinen, wird der Lenkdrachen gesteuert. Eine zusätzliche dritte oder fünfte Leine wird als Sicherheitsleine oder als Startleine verwendet. Durch einen solchen Lenkdrachen können sehr große Windkräfte aufgenommen werden, und es ist bekannt, diese zum Antreiben eines Fahrzeuges, beispielsweise eines Strandbuggys oder eines Surfboardes, zu verwenden.Such stunt kites are well known, which may be designed, for example, as so-called tube kites or soft kites. The tube kites get their aerodynamic shape by pumping forming elements. Soft kites acquire the desired aerodynamic shape by absorbing air during the first few minutes of flight. In general, the kites are controlled by two or four flying lines and a corresponding steering device to which the flying lines are attached, directed in the desired direction. Often, the arrangement is such that the stunt kite is attached via two lines of the four flying lines relatively fixed to the body via a crossbar. About the other two flight lines, the control lines, the stunt kite is controlled. An additional third or fifth line is used as a safety line or as a starting line. By such a stunt kite very large wind forces can be absorbed, and it is known this to Driving a vehicle, such as a beach buggy or a surfboard to use.

Der Antrieb eines Bootes mittels Windkraft erfolgt in der klassischen Weise über ein Segel, das an einem vertikal ausgerichteten Mast befestigt ist. Durch eine Vielzahl von Segeln soll eine optimale Windausnutzung bewirkt werden. Aufgrund der Anordnung des Segels an dem Mast wird jedoch durch den Wind das Boot zur windabgekehrten Seite geneigt. Aufgrund dieser Neigung wird eine Kraftkomponente nach unten erzeugt, wodurch das Boot tiefer in das Wasser gedrückt und somit der Verdrängungswiderstand erhöht wird. Auch verringert sich die wirksame Windangriffsfläche des Segels in Fahrtrichtung. Der Geschwindigkeit sind somit Grenzen gesetzt.The propulsion of a boat by wind power takes place in the classic way via a sail, which is attached to a vertically oriented mast. By a variety of sails optimal wind utilization is to be effected. Due to the arrangement of the sail on the mast but is tilted by the wind, the boat to windabgekehrten side. Due to this inclination, a force component is generated downwards, whereby the boat is pushed deeper into the water and thus the displacement resistance is increased. Also, the effective windage surface of the sail decreases in the direction of travel. Speed is therefore limited.

Aus der US-PS 4,497,272 und der DE 35 18 131 A1 ist es bekannt, Boote über sogenannte Schwebesegel anzutreiben. Hier werden die Segel nur über Halteseile mit dem Boot verbunden und mit einem Ballon in der Höhe gehalten. Grundsätzlich kann auch bei solchen Schwebesegeln eine Kraftkomponente aus der Windkraft erzeugt werden derart, daß die windabgekehrte Seite des Bootes tiefer in das Wasser eintaucht. Dies hat zur Folge, daß bei zu großer Windkraft ein Kentern des Bootes unvermeidlich ist, da ein Schwebesegel trotz zunehmender Neigung des Bootes im Gegensatz zur herkömmlichen Segeln stets die gleiche Windangriffsfläche bietet.From US-PS 4,497,272 and DE 35 18 131 A1 it is known to drive boats on so-called floating sails. Here, the sails are only connected by tethers to the boat and held with a balloon in height. In principle, even with such levitation rules, a force component can be generated from the wind power in such a way that the wind-deflected side of the boat dips deeper into the water. This has the consequence that too great a wind force capsizing of the boat is inevitable, since a floating sails always offers the same wind attack surface despite increasing inclination of the boat in contrast to conventional sailing.

Aus der DE 199 28 166 A1 ist ein durch einen Lenkdrachen angetriebenes Boot bekannt, bei welchem der Kraftangriffspunkt der Zugleine oder Zugleinen auf gleicher Höhe oder unterhalb des Form- oder Auftriebsschwerpunktes liegen soll. Dazu ist eine Führungsschiene vorgesehen, die den Anlenkungspunkt der Zugleinen über den Rumpf hinweg nach unten in Richtung des Kiels verschiebt. Der Drachen befindet sich daher auf der einen oder anderen Seite des Boots und wenigstens eine Zugleine des Drachens verläuft unterhalb der Wasserlinie. Es ist offensichtlich, daß eine solche Ausbildung einer Befestigungsanordnung für den Lenkdrachen erhebliche Probleme mit sich bringt.From DE 199 28 166 A1 a driven by a stunt kite boat is known, in which the point of force application of the tug or leash should be at the same level or below the center of gravity of the form or buoyancy. This is one Guide rail provided, which shifts the point of articulation of the traction lines over the fuselage downwards in the direction of the keel. The kite is therefore on one or the other side of the boat and at least one leash of the kite runs below the waterline. It is obvious that such a construction of a mounting device for the kite causes considerable problems.

Durch die EP 0 853 576 B1 wird ein Boot offenbart, bei welchem ein Drachensegel über einen Dreharm an dem Boot befestigt ist. Im einzelnen ist die Anordnung hier so getroffen, daß der Dreharm im wesentlichen an der Stelle an dem Boot angelenkt ist, an welcher der herkömmliche vertikale Mast sitzen würde. Es sind Mittel vorgesehen, um den Dreharm um eine horizontale Achse zu verschwenken, so daß sich das äußere Ende mit den Flugleinenn in einer Lage relativ zum Boot befindet, in der die windabgekehrte Seite des Bootes aus dem Wasser gehoben wird. Die Verwendung eines Dreharmes hat den Nachteil, daß dieser als sich drehende starre Konstruktion ausreichend Bewegungsraum auf dem Bootsdeck erfordert. Auch ist die verdreh- und verschwenkbare Lagerung des Dreharmes am Anlenkungspunkt äußerst kompliziert und sehr hohen Kräften ausgesetzt. Ferner bedarf auch die Einrichtung zum Heben oder Senken des Dreharmes einen erhöhten Platzbedarf.EP 0 853 576 B1 discloses a boat in which a kite sail is fastened to the boat via a pivoting arm. In particular, the arrangement is made here so that the rotary arm is hinged substantially at the point on the boat, on which the conventional vertical mast would sit. Means are provided to pivot the rotary arm about a horizontal axis so that the outer end with the flight line is in a position relative to the boat in which the wind-deflected side of the boat is lifted out of the water. The use of a rotary arm has the disadvantage that it requires sufficient space to move on the boat deck as a rotating rigid construction. Also, the rotatable and pivotable mounting of the rotating arm at the articulation point is extremely complicated and exposed to very high forces. Furthermore, the device for raising or lowering the rotary arm requires an increased space requirement.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Steuervorrichtung für einen Lenkdrachen an einem Boot der eingangs geschilderten Art so auszubilden, daß zum einen die großen Windkräfte sicher aufgenommen werden können. Zum anderen soll erreicht werden, daß die windabgekehrte Seite des Bootes stets aufgrund der Windkraft aus dem Wasser gehoben wird. Dennoch soll die Steuervorrichtung mit einfachen Mitteln herstellbar und leicht bedienbar sein.The invention has the object of providing a control device for a stunt kite on a boat of the type described in such a way that on the one hand, the large wind forces can be safely absorbed. On the other hand, it should be ensured that the wind-deflected side of the boat is always lifted out of the water due to the wind force. Nevertheless, the control device be easy to produce and easy to use.

Die Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Steuervorrichtung wenigstens eine Krafteinleitschiene umfaßt, auf der eine Umlenkeinrichtung für die Flugleinen hin- und herbeweglich gelagert ist und die im wesentlichen horizontal oberhalb der Wasserlinie verläuft und so an dem Boot befestigt ist, daß die Umlenkeinrichtung zwischen dem Lenkdrachen und der Lenkeinrichtung derart ausgerichtet ist, daß aufgrund der Zugkraft des Lenkdrachens ein Drehmoment um die Längsachse und/oder Querachse des Boots im Wasser erzeugt wird, durch welches Drehmoment die dem Wind abgekehrte Seite des Boots nach oben gehoben wird. Im einzelnen wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß die Umlenkeinrichtung an der Krafteinleitschiene in jeder Lage in einem Abstand zu der Drehachse und/oder Längsachse und/oder Querachse des Bootes gehalten ist, um welche Achsen sich das Boot bei einer Krafteinwirkung im Wasser drehen oder neigen würde. Damit wird die dem Wind abgekehrte Seite des Bootes unabhängig von der Ausrichtung des Lenkdrachens relativ zum Boot stets nach oben gehoben. Ein Eintauchen der Lee-Seite und somit eine Gefahr des Kenterns wird somit zuverlässig vermieden.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the control device comprises at least one Krafteinleitschiene on which a deflection device for the flying lines is reciprocally mounted and which extends substantially horizontally above the waterline and is secured to the boat so that the deflection is aligned between the stunt kite and the steering device such that due to the tensile force of the steering kite, a torque about the longitudinal axis and / or transverse axis of the boat is generated in the water, through which torque the wind side facing away from the boat is lifted upwards. In detail, this is achieved in that the deflecting device is held on the force introduction rail in each position at a distance from the axis of rotation and / or longitudinal axis and / or transverse axis of the boat, about which axes the boat would rotate or tilt at a force in the water , Thus, the side of the boat facing away from the wind is always lifted upwards, irrespective of the orientation of the steering kite relative to the boat. An immersion of the leeward side and thus a risk of capsizing is thus reliably avoided.

Die Ausbildung der Krafteinleitschiene ist grundsätzlich beliebig. Es kann vorgesehen werden, daß die Krafteinleitschiene im wesentlichen gradlinig ist und sich im vorderen Bereich des Boots quer zum Boot erstreckt. Hier wird mit einfachen Mitteln erreicht, daß der Lenkdrachen je nach Windrichtung und Fahrtrichtung sich auf der einen Seite oder der anderen Seite des Bootes befindet und sich die Umlenkeinrichtung in die entsprechende Seite bewegt, während die Lenkeinrichtung hinter der Krafteinleitschiene frei bedienbar bleibt.The formation of the force introduction rail is basically arbitrary. It may be provided that the force introduction rail is substantially straight and extends transversely to the boat in the front region of the boat. Here is achieved by simple means that the stunt kite is depending on the wind direction and direction of travel on one side or the other side of the boat and the deflection in the corresponding side moves while the steering device behind the force introduction rail remains freely operable.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Krafteinleitschiene zumindest teilweise bogenförnmig ausgebildet ist. Durch eine bogenförmige Ausbildung und insbesondere durch eine in Bezug auf das Boot und dessen vertikale Drehachse konvexe Ausbildung der Krafteinleitschiene kann die Position der Umlenkeinrichtung relativ zur Wind- und Fahrtrichtung optimiert eingestellt werden beziehungsweise sich aufgrund der Lage des Lenkdrachens relativ zum Boot gut selbst ausrichten.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the force introduction rail is formed at least partially arcuate. By an arcuate design and in particular by a relative to the boat and its vertical axis of rotation convex design of Krafteinleitschiene the position of the deflector can be adjusted optimized relative to the wind and direction or align itself well due to the position of the killer bar relative to the boat.

Grundsätzlich ist es auch möglich, daß die Krafteinleitschiene der Kontur des vorderen Bereichs des Boots angepaßt ist. Hierdurch wird ein optisch ansprechendes Äußeres gebildet, wobei gleichzeitig das erforderliche Drehmoment zum Abheben der dem Wind abgekehrten Seite des Bootes erzeugt wird.In principle, it is also possible that the force introduction rail is adapted to the contour of the front portion of the boat. As a result, a visually appealing exterior is formed, while at the same time the required torque for lifting the windward side of the boat is generated.

Gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Krafteinleitschiene zumindest teilweise kreisringförmig ausgebildet ist. In vorteilhafter Weise bildet die Krafteinleitschiene einen geschlossenen Kreisring. Hierdurch kann eine beliebige Position des Lenkdrachens relativ zum Boot erreicht werden. Auch wird eine einwandfreie Bewegung der Umlenkeinrichtung auf der Krafteinleitschiene beim Ausrichten des Lenkdrachens relativ zum Boot bewirkt.According to another embodiment of the invention it is provided that the force introduction rail is at least partially annular. Advantageously, the force introduction rail forms a closed circular ring. As a result, any position of the steering kite relative to the boat can be achieved. Also, a proper movement of the deflection on the force introduction rail when aligning the steering kite is effected relative to the boat.

Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn in dem durch die Krafteinleitschiene begrenzten Raum Platz für wenigstens eine Person zum Bedienen der Lenkeinrichtung ist. Dies ist insbesondere beim Einmannbooten zweckmäßig, bei welchem die Person nicht nur das Boot steuert sondern auch die Lenkeinrichtung bedient.It is expedient if there is room for at least one person to operate the steering device in the space bounded by the force introduction rail. This is particularly useful in one-man boats, at which the person not only controls the boat but also operates the steering device.

Es ist weiterhin zweckmäßig, wenn die Umlenkeinrichtung zumindest für die Steuer- und Zugleinen der Flugleinen jeweils wenigstens eine Umlenkrolle aufweist. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß die Flugleinen auch bei hohen Kräften einwandfrei in der Umlenkeinrichtung geführt werden können. Die Umlenkrollen können beispielsweise kugelgelagert sein. Ferner kann es hierbei zweckmäßig sein, wenn die Umlenkreinrichtung Führungsmittel umfaßt, die die Flugleinen auf der Umlenkrolle halten. Diese Führungsmittel können beispielsweise als Ösen oder Bügel ausgebildet sein, die ein Abspringen der Flugleinen von der Umlenkrolle verhindern. Es können auch die in der Seefahrt üblichen Rollenblöcke zum Führen der Leinen eingesetzt werden. Dies ist insbesondere bei einem schnellen Wechsel der Ausrichtung des Bootes relativ zum Lenkdrachen zweckmäßig.It is also expedient if the deflection device has at least one deflection roller, at least for the control and towing lines of the flying lines. This ensures that the flying lines can be performed properly in the deflection even at high forces. The pulleys may for example be ball bearings. Furthermore, it may be expedient here if the deflection device comprises guide means which hold the flying lines on the deflection roller. These guide means may be formed, for example, as eyelets or straps, which prevent the flying lines from jumping off the deflection roller. It is also possible to use the usual sailboat roller blocks to guide the lines. This is particularly useful in a quick change of the orientation of the boat relative to the kite steer.

Grundsätzlich ist es günstig, wenn die Umlenkeinrichtung auf der Krafteinhaltungsschiene arretierbar ist. Hierdurch wird ein stabiler Kraftangriffspunkt gebildet, so daß eine gleichmäßige Fortbewegung des Bootes möglich ist. Die Umlenkeinrichtung kann beispielsweise durch eine Bremse an er Krafteinleitschiene feststellbar sein.In principle, it is favorable if the deflection device can be locked on the power-retaining rail. As a result, a stable force application point is formed, so that a uniform movement of the boat is possible. The deflection can be determined, for example, by a brake on he force introduction.

Grundsätzlich kann zudem vorgesehen werden, daß die Umlenkeinrichtung auf der Krafteinleitschiene aktiv, beispielsweise durch Stellräder und/oder motorisch bewegbar ist. Hierdurch kann der Kraftangriffspunkt beispielsweise beim Anfahren des Bootes fest vorgegeben werden. Grundsätzlich wird sich jedoch die Umlenkeinrichtung selbsttätig in Abhängigkeit von der Windrichtung und der Fahrtrichtung auf der Krafteinleitschiene einstellen. Dies wird insbesondere bei dem Einsatz einer im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Krafteinleitschiene der Fall sein.In principle, it can also be provided that the deflection device is active on the force introduction rail, for example by adjusting wheels and / or motorized. As a result, the force application point can be fixed, for example, when starting the boat. Basically, however, the deflection will automatically depending on the wind direction and the direction of travel on the Adjust force introduction rail. This will be the case in particular when using a substantially circular force introduction rail.

Grundsätzlich ist die Lenkeinrichtung für den Lenkdrachen manuell bedienbar. Bei größeren Booten oder bei dem Einsatz von mehreren Lenkdrachen kann vorgesehen werden, daß die Lenkeinrichtung für den Lenkdrachen jeweils Stellmotoren zumindest für die Steuer- und Zugleinen der Flugleinen umfaßt. Damit ist eine automatische und optimierte Steuerung des Lenkdrachens möglich.Basically, the steering device for the kite is manually operated. For larger boats or in the use of several stunt kites can be provided that the steering device for the stunt kite each includes servomotors at least for the control and pull lines of the flying lines. This allows automatic and optimized control of the steering kite.

Welches Boot über eine derartige Steuervorrichtung mit einem Lenkdrachen angetrieben wird, ist grundsätzlich beliebig. Das Boot kann beispielsweise ein Einrumpfboot sein. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, daß das Boot ein Mehrrumpfboot und insbesondere ein Katamaran mit zwei Rümpfen ist. Hier kann ist vorteilhafter Weise vorgesehen werden, daß die Krafteinleitschiene und deren Befestigungen an den Rümpfen dieselben miteinander verbindet. Es wird so eine stabile und dennoch leichte Konstruktion gebildet. Da sich das Boot unabhängig von der Windkraft stets auf der windabgekehrten Seite nach oben und somit aus dem Wasser hebt, können hiermit große Geschwindigkeiten ohne Gefahr des Kenterns erreicht werden.Which boat is driven by such a control device with a kite is basically arbitrary. For example, the boat can be a monohull. Of course, it is also possible that the boat is a multi-hulled boat and in particular a catamaran with two hulls. Here it can be advantageously provided that the force introduction rail and their attachments to the hulls connects the same. It is formed as a stable, yet lightweight construction. Since the boat always rises on the wind-turned-up side, and thus out of the water, regardless of the wind force, high speeds can be achieved here without danger of capsizing.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
die Heckansicht eines herkömmlichen Segelbootes mit den durch die Windkraft erzeugten Kraftkomponenten,
Fig. 2
die Seitenansicht eines herkömmlichen Segelbootes,
Fig. 3
ein Boot, das über eine Steuervorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung mit einem Lenkdrachen antreibbar ist
Fig. 4
ein Boot, das durch einen Lenkdrachen antreibbar ist, der an einer verkehrt positionierten Krafteinleitschiene be-festigt ist,
Fig. 5
die Draufsicht auf ein Boot mit einer Krafteinleitschiene gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
Fig. 6
die Draufsicht auf ein Boot mit einer Krafteinleitschiene gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung
Fig. 7
die Draufsicht auf ein Mehrrumpfboot mit einer Krafteinleitschiene gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
Fig. 8
die Draufsicht auf ein Mehrrumpfboot mit einer Krafteinleitschiene gemäß einer vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
Fig. 9
die Heckansicht eines Mehrrumpfbootes mit einer verkehrt angeordneten Krafteinleitschiene,
Fig. 10
die Heckansicht eines Mehrrumpfbootes mit einer Steuervorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung,
Fig. 11
die perspektivische Ansicht auf ein Mehrrumpfboot mit einer Steuervorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung und
Fig. 12
einen Schnitt durch die Krafteinleitschiene mit der Umlenkeinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
the rear view of a conventional sailboat with the force components generated by the wind power,
Fig. 2
the side view of a conventional sailboat,
Fig. 3
a boat, which is drivable via a control device according to the invention with a steering kite
Fig. 4
a boat drivable by a stunt kite which is fastened to an inverted force introduction rail,
Fig. 5
the top view of a boat with a force introduction rail according to a first embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 6
the top view of a boat with a force introduction rail according to a second embodiment of the invention
Fig. 7
the top view of a multi-hulled boat with a force introduction rail according to a third embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 8
the top view of a multi-hulled boat with a force introduction rail according to a fourth embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 9
the rear view of a multi-hull boat with a wrong arranged force introduction rail,
Fig. 10
the rear view of a multi-hull boat with a control device according to the invention,
Fig. 11
the perspective view of a multi-hull boat with a control device according to the invention and
Fig. 12
a section through the force introduction rail with the deflection device according to the invention.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 sind die auf ein Segelboot einwirkenden horizontalen Windkräfte FWIH und vertikalen Windkräfte FWIV die sich daraus resultierende Neigung des Bootes 11 schematisch dargestellt. Aufgrund der Windkraft wird das Segel 12, das in üblicher Weise an einem vertikalen Mast 13 befestigt ist, das Boot 11 zu der windabgekehrten Seite nach unten neigen. Es ist daher stets erforderlich, für eine möglichst große Windangriffsfläche das Boot im wesentlichen in der horizontalen Lage zu halten. Bei zu starkem Wind wird dies jedoch auch bei größeren Gegengewichten auf der windzugekehrten Seite nicht möglich sein, so daß ein Kentern unvermeidbar oder aber eine Verringerung der Segelfläche notwendig wird. Sofern der Wind, wie in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellt, von hinten kommt, wird ebenfalls ein für die Fortbewegung des Bootes 11 ungünstiges Drehmoment MS um dessen Querachse erzeugt. Dieses Drehmoment bewirkt ein Eintauchen der windabgekehrten vorderen Seite, also des Buges, derart, daß bei zu großem Wind das Deck überspült wird. Auch hier kann ein Kentern die Folge sein.In FIGS. 1 and 2, the horizontal wind forces FWIH and vertical wind forces FWIV acting on a sailboat are schematically shown the resulting inclination of the boat 11. Due to wind power, the sail 12, which is conventionally attached to a vertical mast 13, will tilt the boat 11 down to the wind-deflected side. It is therefore always necessary to keep the boat substantially in the horizontal position for the largest possible wind attack surface. In too strong wind, however, this will not be possible even with larger counterweights on the windward side, so that capsize unavoidable or a reduction of the sail area is necessary. If the wind, as shown schematically in Figure 2, comes from behind, also for the locomotion of the boat 11 unfavorable torque MS is generated about its transverse axis. This torque causes immersion of the wind-deflected front side, so the bow, so that in too much wind, the deck is washed over. Again, capsizing can be the result.

Figur 3 zeigt schematisch die Anlenkung eines Lenkdrachens 20 an einem Boot 21. Der Lenkdrachen 20 wird in üblicher Weise durch vier Flugleinen 22 mit einer nicht näher dargestellten Lenkeinrichtung 25 gelenkt und gesteuert. Diese Lenkeinrichtung 25 umfaßt Aufnahmen für vier Flugleinen des Drachens, mittels derer durch Bewegungen gegeneinander und/oder durch Veränderungen der Längen der einzelnen Leinen eine individuelle Ausrichtung des Lenkdrachens 20 ermöglicht werden kann. Solche Lenkeinrichtungen sind grundsätzlich bekannt und bedürfen daher keiner weiteren Erläuterung.Figure 3 shows schematically the articulation of a steering kite 20 on a boat 21. The stunt kite 20 is steered and controlled in the usual way by four flying lines 22 with a steering device not shown. This steering device 25 includes receptacles for four flying lines of the kite, by means of which Movements against each other and / or by changing the lengths of the individual lines an individual alignment of the steering kite 20 can be made possible. Such steering devices are basically known and therefore require no further explanation.

Für die Befestigung des Lenkdrachens 20 an dem Boot 21 ist eine Krafteinleitschiene 23 vorhanden, auf der eine Umlenkeinrichtung 24 für die Flugleinen hin- und her beweglich gelagert ist. Die Krafteinleitschiene 23 ist beispielsweise über Ständer und Stützen mit dem Boot verbunden. Die Befestigungsmittel erlauben hierbei eine freie Bewegung der Umlenkeinrichtung auf der Krafteinleitschiene. Eine solche Krafteinleitschiene und deren Befestigungselemente können sehr stabil ausgebildet werden, so daß eine sichere Kraftaufnahme und -einleitung in das Boot bewirkt werden kann.For the attachment of the steering kite 20 to the boat 21, a force introduction rail 23 is provided, on which a deflection device 24 is reciprocally mounted for the flying lines. The force introduction rail 23 is connected to the boat, for example, via stands and supports. The fastening means in this case allow a free movement of the deflecting device on the force introduction rail. Such a force introduction rail and its fastening elements can be made very stable, so that a secure power input and -einleitung can be effected in the boat.

Die Lage der Krafteinleitschiene relativ zum Boot ist so gewählt, daß die Krafteinleitung auf das Boot über die Umlenkeinrichtung ein Drehmoment um die Quer- oder Längsachse 26 beziehungsweise 27 erzeugt wird, das die windabgekehrte Seite des Bootes aus dem Wasser hebt. Bei einem Wind ausschließlich von hinten betrifft dies den Bug des Schiffes, bei einem seitlichen Windeingriff, also beispielsweise beim Kreuzen, betrifft dies die linke oder die rechte Seite des Bootes. Stets wird jedoch erreicht, daß die Seite in Fahrtrichtung, also die windabgekehrte Seite des Bootes aus dem Wasser gehoben wird. Ein Gleiten des Bootes und ein geringer Widerstand des Bootes auf dem Wasser sind somit möglich. Eine höhere erzielbare Geschwindigkeit auch beim Kreuzen gegen den Wind ist die Folge.The position of the Krafteinleitschiene relative to the boat is chosen so that the force is applied to the boat via the deflection torque about the transverse or longitudinal axis 26 and 27 is generated, which lifts the windabgekehrte side of the boat out of the water. In a wind exclusively from the rear, this affects the bow of the ship, in a lateral wind intervention, so for example when cruising, this concerns the left or the right side of the boat. However, it is always achieved that the side in the direction of travel, so the wind-deflected side of the boat is lifted out of the water. A sliding of the boat and a low resistance of the boat on the water are thus possible. A higher achievable speed even when cruising against the wind is the result.

Die Dreh-, Quer- und Längsachsen, um die das Boot im Falle einer Krafteinwirkung drehen und kippen wird, sind abhängig von der jeweiligen Konstruktion und der Eintauchtiefe des Bootes. Es muß daher darauf geachtet werden, daß der Krafteinleitungspunkt, der durch die Position der Umlenkeinrichtung 24 auf der Krafteinleitschiene 23 definiert wird, so gewählt ist, daß unabhängig von der Eintauchtiefe ein positives Drehmoment, also ein Drehmoment das die windabgekehrte Seite des Bootes aus dem Wasser hebt, erzeugt wird. entsprechendes gilt für ein Landfahrzeug, bei welchem die Kippachsen durch die Kontaktflächen der Räder oder Kufen auf dem Boden definiert werden.The rotational, transverse and longitudinal axes around which the boat will turn and tilt in the event of force will depend on the boat's design and submersion depth. It must therefore be taken to ensure that the force application point, which is defined by the position of the deflector 24 on the Krafteinleitschiene 23 is selected so that regardless of the depth of immersion, a positive torque, ie a torque that the windabgekehrte side of the boat out of the water raises, is generated. the same applies to a land vehicle in which the tilting axes are defined by the contact surfaces of the wheels or runners on the ground.

Eine richtige Anordnung der Krafteinleitschiene ist in Figur 3 schematisch dargestellt. Die Lage der Krafteinleitschiene 23 befindet sich relativ weit entfernt von der Querachse 26, so daß ein positives Drehmoment MD in Bezug auf den Schiffsrumpf erzeugt und die dem Wind abgekehrte Seite 28 des Bootes aus dem Wasser durch den Lenkdrachen gehoben wird. In Figur 4 ist eine verkehrte Anordnung der Führungsschiene 23' gezeigt. Hier wird aufgrund der Windkraft, die auf den Lenkdrachen 20 wirkt, ein negatives Drehmoment MF um die Querachse 26 erzeugt. Ein Eintauchen der windabgekehrten Seite 28 und somit die Gefahr eines Kenterns des Bootes wäre die Folge.A correct arrangement of the force introduction rail is shown schematically in FIG. The position of the force introduction rail 23 is relatively far away from the transverse axis 26 so that a positive torque MD is generated with respect to the hull and the windward side 28 of the boat is lifted out of the water by the steer kite. FIG. 4 shows a wrong arrangement of the guide rail 23 '. Here, due to the wind force acting on the steering kite 20, a negative torque MF is generated around the transverse axis 26. An immersion of the windabkehrten side 28 and thus the risk of capsizing of the boat would be the result.

In Figur 5 ist eine einfache Ausführungsform der Steuervorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung gezeigt. Die Krafteinleitschiene 23 ist horizontal verlaufend gradlinige ausgebildet und erstreckt sich quer zum Boot in dessen vorderen Bereich. Je nach Windrichtung wird die Umlenkeinrichtung 24 sich auf der rechten oder, wie in der Zeichnung dargestellt, linken Seite des Bootes 21 befinden. In jedem Fall wird jedoch ein Drehmoment erzeugt, daß die windabgekehrte Seite, also den Bug 28 oder die in der Zeichnung linke Seite 29 aus dem Wasser hebt. Es kann hier vorgesehen werden, daß die Umlenkeinrichtung 24 auf der Führungsschiene 23 arretierbar ist, um beispielsweise bei einem Wind nur von hinten einen mittigen Kraftangriffspunkt auf der Krafteinleitschiene zu ermöglichen.FIG. 5 shows a simple embodiment of the control device according to the invention. The force introduction rail 23 is formed horizontally extending straight and extends transversely to the boat in the front area. Depending on the wind direction, the deflector 24 is on the right or, as shown in the drawing, left side of the boat 21st are located. In any case, however, a torque is generated that the wind-turned side, so the bow 28 or the left side 29 in the drawing lifts out of the water. It can be provided here that the deflection device 24 can be locked on the guide rail 23 to allow, for example, in a wind only from behind a central force application point on the force introduction rail.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6 ist die Krafteinleitschiene zumindest abschnittsweise bogenförmig ausgebildet und an die Kontur des Bugs 28 des Bootes 21 angepaßt. Es ist offensichtlich, daß hier eine optimierte Ausrichtung der Umlenkeinrichtung 24 relativ zum Boot 21 erfolgen kann. Es ist hierbei auch zum Kreuzen gegen den Wind ausreichend, daß sich die Umlenkeinrichtung nur um ca. 150° relativ zur Drehachse 31 des Bootes 21 bewegen kann. Dies entspricht der bevorzugten Ausrichtung des Lenkdrachens relativ zur Fahrtrichtung 32 des Boots.In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the force input rail is at least partially arcuate and adapted to the contour of the bow 28 of the boat 21. It is obvious that an optimized alignment of the deflection device 24 relative to the boat 21 can take place here. It is also sufficient here for crossing against the wind that the deflection can only move by about 150 ° relative to the axis of rotation 31 of the boat 21. This corresponds to the preferred orientation of the steering kite relative to the direction of travel 32 of the boat.

In Figur 7 ist ein Mehrrumpfboot dargestellt, das zwei Einzelrümpfe 38 aufweist. Die Anordnung ist hier im Einzelnen so getroffen, daß die Krafteinleitschiene 33 als Verbindungselement der beiden Rümpfe 38 verwendet wird. Die Krafteinleitschiene ist, wie in Figur 7 gezeigt, zumindest in Bezug auf die Vorwärtsbewegung 34 des Bootes kreisringförmig ausgebildet. Die Lenkeinrichtung 25 befindet sich in etwa im Mittelpunkt dieses Kreisringes. Nach hinten wird die Krafteinleitschiene durch einen einfachen Querbalken 35 begrenzt. Die Umlenkeinrichtung 24 kann sich daher bei dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel um etwa 240° um den Mittelpunkt und somit um dem Drehpunkt des Boots auf der Krafteinleitschiene 33 bewegen.FIG. 7 shows a multihull boat which has two individual hulls 38. The arrangement is here in detail made such that the force introduction rail 33 is used as a connecting element of the two hulls 38. The force introduction rail is, as shown in Figure 7, at least in relation to the forward movement 34 of the boat formed annularly. The steering device 25 is located approximately in the center of this annulus. To the rear, the force introduction rail is limited by a simple crossbar 35. The deflection device 24 can therefore move in the embodiment shown in the drawing by about 240 ° about the center and thus to the pivot point of the boat on the Krafteinleitschiene 33.

Figur 8 zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform eines Mehrrumpfbootes, bei welchem die Krafteinleitschiene 36 vollständig kreisringförmig ausgebildet ist. Es kann vorgesehen werden, daß diese Krafteinleitschiene 36 sich konzentrisch um die Drehachse 37 des Mehrrumpfbootes erstreckt. Auch hier dient die Krafteinleitschiene 36 gleichzeitig als verbindendes Element der beiden Rümpfe 38. Es ist offensichtlich, daß insbesondere diese Konstruktion gemäß Figur 8 einfach aufgebaut und dennoch eine optimale Ausrichtung des Lenkdrachens 20 relativ zum Boot bewirkt.Figure 8 shows another embodiment of a multi-hull boat, wherein the force introduction rail 36 is formed completely circular. It can be provided that this force introduction rail 36 extends concentrically around the axis of rotation 37 of the multi-hull boat. Again, the force introduction rail 36 serves as a connecting element of the two hulls 38. It is obvious that in particular this construction of Figure 8 is simple and yet causes optimal alignment of the steering kite 20 relative to the boat.

Auch bei einem Mehrrumpfboot muß auf die richtige Lage der kreisringförmigen Krafteinleitschiene 33, 36 geachtet werden. Figur 9 zeigt eine verkehrte Dimensionierung des Abstandes der Einzelrümpfe 38 in Bezug auf die Krafteinleitschiene 39. Aufgrund der Windkraft FWI am Lenkdrachen 20 wird eine auf das Boot einwirkende Windkraft FWIH erzeugt, die oberhalb der Längsachse 27 liegt. Die Reaktionskraft des Boots im Wasser RWA greift unterhalb derselben an. Insgesamt wird ein Drehmoment M erzeugt, das die windabgekehrte Seite 40 des Bootes in das Wasser drücken wird.Even with a multi-hull boat must be paid to the correct position of the annular force introduction rail 33, 36. FIG. 9 shows an incorrect dimensioning of the spacing of the individual hulls 38 with respect to the force introduction rail 39. Due to the wind force FWI on the steer kite 20, a wind force FWIH acting on the boat is generated which lies above the longitudinal axis 27. The reaction force of the boat in the water RWA attacks below the same. Overall, a torque M is generated which will push the wind-deflected side 40 of the boat into the water.

In Figur 10 ist eine richtige Dimensionierung des Abstandes der Einzelrümpfe 38 und eine richtige Lage der Krafteinleitschiene 33, 36 dargestellt. Es wird aufgrund der in dem Winkel α am Boot angreifenden Windkraft FWI am Lenkdrachen 20 und des großen Abstands der Krafteinleitschiene zur Längs- oder Querachse 27 die horizontale Windkraftkomponente FWIH ebenfalls unterhalb dieser Achsen in einem Abstand a angreifen. Somit wird stets ein Drehmoment M um die Längsachse 27 oder um die Querachse 26 erzeugt, das die windabgekehrte Seite 41 aus dem Wasser hebt. Es ist weiterhin zu beachten, daß ein flach fliegender Drachen bei sehr kleinem Winkel α, eher dazu neigen wird, kein oder ein negatives Drehmoment auf das Boot zu erzeugen. Dies muß bei der Dimensionierung insbesondere des Abstands der Umlenkeinrichtung zu den jeweiligen Dreh- und Kippachsen berücksichtigt werden. Aufgrund der aerodynamischen Erfordernisse und zum exakten Steuern des Lenkdrachens wird jedoch der Winkel α im Betrieb in der Regel im Bereich zwischen 10° und 30° liegen. Damit wird ein Kentern des Bootes zuverlässig vermieden.FIG. 10 shows a correct dimensioning of the spacing of the individual hulls 38 and a correct position of the force introduction rail 33, 36. Due to the wind force FWI acting on the boat at the angle α at the steer kite 20 and the large distance of the force introduction rail to the longitudinal or transverse axis 27, the horizontal wind force component FWIH will likewise act at a distance a below these axes. Thus, a torque M is always generated about the longitudinal axis 27 or about the transverse axis 26, which raises the wind-deflected side 41 from the water. It is further noted that a flat-flying kite at a very small angle α, more likely to produce no or a negative torque on the boat. This must be taken into account in the dimensioning, in particular the distance of the deflection to the respective rotation and tilt axes. Due to the aerodynamic requirements and the exact control of the steering kite, however, the angle α in operation will usually be in the range between 10 ° and 30 °. Thus, a capsizing of the boat is reliably avoided.

Die zumindest teilweise kreisrunden Krafteinleitschienen begrenzen einen Raum, in dem die Lenkeinrichtung 25 Platz findet. Zudem ist der Raum so dimensioniert, daß eine Person zum Bedienen der Lenkeinrichtung sich dort aufhalten kann. Ferner kann dort das Steuer für die Ruderblätter des Boots angeordnet sein, so daß eine Einmannbedienung möglich ist.The at least partially circular force introduction rails define a space in which the steering device 25 takes place. In addition, the space is dimensioned so that a person to operate the steering device can stay there. Further, there may be arranged the control for the rudder blades of the boat, so that a one-man operation is possible.

Fig. 11 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Mehrrumpfbootes mit einer kreisrunden Krafteinleitschiene 36 im Detail. Es sind zwei seitliche Rümpfe 38 erkennbar, die über die Krafteinleitschiene 36 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Krafteinleitschiene 36 kann, wie in Fig. 12 gezeigt, als nach innen geöffnetes C-Profil ausgebildet sein. Dieses C-Profil bildet ein Gegenlager für eine Rollenanordnung 42 der Umlenkeinrichtung 24. Es sind um eine radiale Achse drehbare Rollen 43 und um eine tangentiale Achse drehbare Rollen 44 vorhanden, die die Umlenkeinrichtung 24 sowohl in Zugrichtung als auch nach oben oder unten im C-Profil abstützen.11 shows a perspective view of a multihull boat with a circular force introduction rail 36 in detail. There are two lateral hulls 38 can be seen, which are connected to each other via the Krafteinleitschiene 36. The force introduction rail 36 can, as shown in FIG. 12, be designed as an inwardly open C-profile. This C-profile forms an abutment for a roller assembly 42 of the deflector 24. There are about a radial axis rotatable rollers 43 and rotatable about a tangential axis rollers 44 which the deflector 24 both in the pulling direction and up or down in the C Support profile.

Die Umlenkeinrichtung 24 ist Bestandteil eines Innenrings 45, der sich in dem durch die Krafteinleitschiene 36 gebildeten Außenring dreht. Selbstverständlich ist dieser Innenring an mehreren Stellen entlang seinem Umfang Lagerrollen versehen. Anstelle eines Rings kann auch eine sternförmige Struktur, beispielsweise mit drei Sternarmen, ausreichend sein. An dem Innenring 45 beziehungsweise an der sternförmigen Struktur ist eine Platte 46 befestigt, auf der eine Person zum Bedienen der Lenkeinrichtung 25 Platz findet. Durch die Drehachse 37 verläuft bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform das Steuerrad 47 für die endständigen Ruderblätter 48 an jedem Rumpf 38. Damit bleibt der Innenring 45 und die Platte mit der Person unabhängig vom Steuerrad und der Rudereinstellung relativ zum Boot frei drehbar. An der der Umlenkeinrichtung 24 abgekehrten Seite des Innenrings 45 ist die Bremse 49 zum Feststellen der Umlenkreinrichtung an der Krafteinleitschiene 36 angeordnet.The deflection device 24 is part of an inner ring 45, which rotates in the outer ring formed by the force introduction rail 36. Of course this one is Inner ring provided at several points along its circumference bearing rollers. Instead of a ring, a star-shaped structure, for example with three star arms, may be sufficient. On the inner ring 45 and on the star-shaped structure, a plate 46 is fixed, on which a person finds room for operating the steering device 25. By the axis of rotation 37 extends in the illustrated embodiment, the steering wheel 47 for the terminal rudder blades 48 on each hull 38. Thus, the inner ring 45 and the plate remains freely rotatable with the person regardless of the steering wheel and the row adjustment relative to the boat. At the side facing away from the deflector 24 side of the inner ring 45, the brake 49 is arranged for detecting the deflecting device on the Krafteinleitschiene 36.

Die Umlenkeinrichtung 25 umfaßt einen Steg 50, der sich radial nach außen über die Krafeinleitschine 36 erstreckt. Am äußeren Ende sind Umlenkrollen 51 für die einzelnen Flugleinen vorhanden. Damit kann der Krafteinleitpunkt relativ weit nach außen geführt werden. Dennoch bleibt die Konstruktion kompakt.The deflection device 25 comprises a web 50 which extends radially outwardly beyond the Krafeinleitschine 36. At the outer end pulleys 51 for the individual flying lines are available. Thus, the force introduction point can be guided relatively far to the outside. Nevertheless, the construction remains compact.

Auf der Platte 46 ist die Lenkeinrichtung 25 für die Flugleinen des Lenkdrachens verankert. Über die Lenkeinrichtung 25 wird nicht nur der Lenkdrachen gesteuert, sondern es werden auch die Zugkräfte für die Vorwärtsbewegung auf das Boot übertragen. Die Umlenkeinrichtung 24 verschiebt den Krafteinleitpunkt über die Krafteinleitschiene derart, so daß ein positives Drehmoment um die Längs- und/oder Querachse erzeugt wird, das das Boot auf seiner windabgekehrten Seite aus dem Wasser hebt.On the plate 46, the steering device 25 is anchored for the flying lines of the steering kite. Not only the steering kite is controlled via the steering device 25, but also the tensile forces for the forward movement are transmitted to the boat. The deflection device 24 shifts the force introduction point via the force introduction rail so that a positive torque is generated about the longitudinal and / or transverse axis, which lifts the boat on its windabgekehrten side of the water.

Auch hier können die Flugleinen des Lenkdrachens in Zugleinen und Steuerleinen des Lenkdrachens unterschieden werden. Um plötzliche und heftige Windstöße aufzufangen ist es zweckmäßig, zwischen der Lenkeinrichtung und dem Lenkdrachen für zumindest zwei Flugleinen der insgesamt vier Flugleinen einen Ruckdämpfer 52 vorzusehen. Ein Ruckdämpfer kann beispielsweise für die beiden Zugleinen gemeinsam wirken. Es kann aber auch jeweils ein Ruckdämpfer für jeweils eine Flugleine vorgesehen werden. Dieser Ruckdämpfer kann eine Feder oder ein gummielastisches Element sein, das in der betreffenden Flugleine angeordnet ist oder über das die Flugleine oder -leinen an der Lenkeinrichtung befestigt ist. Bei zu großen Kräften durch Windböen gibt der Ruckdämpfer nach, wodurch eine Verlängerung der betreffenden Leine erfolgt. Damit kippt sich der Lenkdrachen in den Wind, wodurch unter anderem auch eine Verringerung der wirksamen Fläche bewirkt wird. Die auf das Boot einwirkende Kraft wird dann geringer, so daß der Windstoß gedämpft wird.Again, the flying lines of the steering kite can be distinguished in pull lines and steering lines of the steering kite. In order to catch sudden and violent gusts of wind, it is expedient to provide a shock absorber 52 between the steering device and the steering kite for at least two flying lines of the total of four flying lines. A shock absorber can, for example, act together for the two pulling lines. But it can also be provided in each case a shock absorber for each a flying line. This shock absorber may be a spring or a rubber-elastic element, which is arranged in the relevant flying line or over which the flying line or line is attached to the steering device. Excessive forces caused by gusts of wind, the shock absorber, whereby an extension of the relevant leash is. This tilts the kite in the wind, which among other things, a reduction of the effective area is effected. The force acting on the boat is then reduced, so that the gust of wind is attenuated.

Claims (15)

  1. Control device for a steering kite at a vehicle, especially a boat, which steering kite (20) is steerable by at least two or three preferably by at least four or five flight lines (22) by means of a steering device (25), characterized in that the control device comprises at least one force input rail (22, 30, 33, 36) on which a deflection device (24) for the flight lines is to and fro movable attached and which extends essentially horizontally above the waterline such that the deflection device (24) on the force input rail (23) is kept in any position at a distance to the longitudinal axis (27) and/or cross axis (26) and/or rotation axis (31, 37) of the boat, so that a torque is generated by the pull force of the steering kite around the longitudinal axis and/or cross axis of the boat in the water by which torque the side (28, 29) of the boat averted to the wind is lifted up.
  2. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the force input rail (23) is essentially straight-lined and positioned in the fore area of the boat crosswise to the boat.
  3. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the force input rail (30, 33, 36) is designed at least partially in form of a curve.
  4. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the force input rail (30) is adapted to the contour of the fore area (28) of the boat.
  5. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the force input rail (33, 36) is designed circular.
  6. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that there is space in the area restricted by the force input rail for at least one person to operate the steering device (25).
  7. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the deflection device (25) each comprises at least one deflection pulley for at least the steering lines and force lines of the flight lines (22).
  8. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the deflection device (24) comprises guiding means which hold the flight lines on the deflection pulley.
  9. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the deflection device (24) is lockable on the force input rail (23, 30, 33, 36).
  10. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the steering device (25) for the steering kite is anchored at the boat.
  11. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least two flight lines and especially the force lines are attached by at least one damper to the steering device.
  12. Control device according to claim 11, characterized in that the damper is designed as a spring or as a rubber-elastic intermediate element.
  13. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the steering device comprises servomotors for the steering lines and force lines of the steering kite.
  14. Control device according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the boat is a multihull-boat, especially a catamaran with two hulls (38).
  15. Control device according to claim 14, characterized in that the force input rail (33, 36) connects the hulls to each other.
EP01969672A 2000-08-31 2001-08-30 Control device for a steering kite on a boat Expired - Lifetime EP1313642B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10043138 2000-08-31
DE10043138 2000-08-31
DE20016988U 2000-09-29
DE20016988U DE20016988U1 (en) 2000-09-29 2000-09-29 Heavy duty kite boat
PCT/EP2001/010002 WO2002018202A1 (en) 2000-08-31 2001-08-30 Control device for a steering kite on a boat

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EP1313642A1 EP1313642A1 (en) 2003-05-28
EP1313642B1 true EP1313642B1 (en) 2006-04-26

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EP01969672A Expired - Lifetime EP1313642B1 (en) 2000-08-31 2001-08-30 Control device for a steering kite on a boat

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US (1) US6910434B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1313642B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE324321T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001289852A1 (en)
DE (1) DE50109634D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002018202A1 (en)

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EP3995391B1 (en) * 2020-11-02 2024-02-21 CargoKite GmbH Water vehicle and method

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AU2001289852A1 (en) 2002-03-13
US6910434B2 (en) 2005-06-28
DE50109634D1 (en) 2006-06-01
WO2002018202A1 (en) 2002-03-07
EP1313642A1 (en) 2003-05-28
ATE324321T1 (en) 2006-05-15
US20040035345A1 (en) 2004-02-26

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