EP3318477A1 - Low heeling sailing boat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-heel sailboat (100) with at least one rudder system (101), at least one hull (110), at least one mast (120) and at least one storage device (200) connecting the hull (110) to the mast (120). The mast (120) is rotatably mounted in a lower portion (122) on the bearing device (200) about a longitudinal axis (LA) of the sailboat (100). The sailboat (100) includes at least one automatic erecting device (210) connected to a lower portion (122) of the power transmission mast (120) for applying torque to the mast (120) in at least one direction along the longitudinal axis (LA).

Description

The invention relates to a low-heeled sailboat according to the preamble of claim 1.

For the purposes of the invention, a sailboat is any ship powered by wind, which is driven by wind, with the help of at least one sail. Sailing boats according to the invention thus include in particular all types of sailing ships, sailboats and sailing yachts. In the sense of the invention, heeling arm means that the sailboat can be driven essentially free of heel under external conditions which are normal for sailing, irrespective of the direction of travel relative to the wind direction and the travel speed.

Since there are sailboats, their sails are usually attached to one or more masts, which is rigidly connected to a hull of the sailboat. If a sail flows around the wind, thereby creating a driving force and a lateral force, which are transmitted from the mast to the hull of the sailboat, the driving force accelerates the sailboat in the direction of travel and the lateral force accelerates the sailboat transversely to the direction of travel, thus generating drift. Since the water resistance of the underwater hull counteracts a lateral acceleration, the sailboat tilts to the leeward leeward side. Depending on the direction of travel and feathering relative to the wind direction and depending on the wind force are driving force and lateral force in different proportions, so that a more or less severe skew of the sailboat, which is called heeling, sets.

The heeling can cause accidents due to falling objects or persons falling into the water from the sailboat. In the worst case it comes by an excessive lateral force, especially in suddenly increasing wind, to capsize the sailboat.

In order to reduce the heel, various constructive measures are known. Swords increase the water resistance that counteracts a rolling movement of the sailboat, preventing a sudden increase in heeling. By a low center of gravity, for example, by a keel or a ballast sword, a sailboat erecting torque is generated by heeling by the weight of the ballast. Modern sailboats often have such a low center of gravity that they self-erect after capsizing and eliminating the shear force. Outriggers with floats or multi-hull constructions reduce the risk of capsizing.

In addition to the static measures mentioned, dynamic measures to reduce heeling are also known. The best known is the ride, in which the crew of the sailboat goes as far as possible on the windward windward side of the sailboat to produce a sailing boat righting torque. Similarly, ballast weights can be moved to the windward side of the sailboat, as for example in DE 10 2010 034 355 A1 is described.

All these measures have in common that they are at most designed to reduce, but not to prevent, heeling, since otherwise the above measures would lead to other disadvantages; For example, to high construction costs or reduced speed or maneuverability by heavy ballast weights. In addition, the measures mentioned are static or at least so sluggish that they can not prevent the sudden increase in heeling - in the worst case to capsize - in a sudden increase in wind. The existing dynamic systems also have the disadvantage that they can respond to changing external conditions only by an active engagement of the crew - and thus delayed and error prone.

The only hitherto well-known largely non-ajar vessel is the windsurfing board. The mast is connected to the surfboard via an articulated mast base, so that the Mast can be tilted in all directions without the board is crowding. However, this floating connection requires the surfer to hold the mast constantly so that the mast does not fall over. Therefore, the idea of a hinged mast base is not applicable to sailboats with larger masts or for longer trips. Another disadvantage of the mast foot of a windsurfing board is that the mast is not self-righting.

This results in the technical task of creating a sailboat with the simplest possible device that largely prevents a heeling of the sailboat, even under changing external conditions without intervention of the crew. The device should deteriorate the driving characteristics of the sailboat as little as possible.

This object is achieved by a sailboat according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

An inventive low-slung sailboat comprises at least one rudder system, at least one fuselage at least one mast and at least one storage device connecting the fuselage to the mast. The mast serves to carry sails, with the help of which wind can be used to propel the sailboat. By the rudder the sailboat becomes maneuverable. The sailboat comprises at least one hull, but may also include two, three or more hulls, for example in the form of a catamaran or trimaran.

The mast is rotatably mounted in a lower portion on the bearing device about a longitudinal axis of the sailboat. At least this distinguishes the sailboat from known sailboats with folding masts whose mast can be folded on a folding device forward or backward, for example, to go under bridges. As a longitudinal axis extending in a bow-tail direction of the sailboat axis is referred to, wherein the mast is located substantially above the longitudinal axis. The rotatable mounting decouples mast and fuselage movement. As a result, the mast of the wind generated by the wind on the sails carried by the mast lateral force can yield by inclining to the leeward side, without the hull of the sailboat inclines equally. So there is no heeling of the trunk. The bearing device can be, for example, as lying on the longitudinal axis, radially guided by the mast and rigid or to a bolt longitudinal axis of the bolt to be rotatably connected to the trunk connected bolts around which the mast can rotate.

The sailboat includes at least one automatic erecting device connected to a lower portion of the power transmission mast for effecting torque on the mast in at least one direction along the longitudinal axis, particularly in the direction that mounts the mast from an inclined position to the vertical orientation of the mast longitudinal axis erects. The torque M is defined as the cross product from the distance r the point of application of a force F from the axis of rotation, here the longitudinal axis, and the force: $$\overrightarrow{M}=\overrightarrow{r}\times \overrightarrow{F}\mathrm{,}$$

The lower section refers to a section of the mast which is located near the lower end of the mast in vertical operation of the mast longitudinal axis during normal operation of the sailboat. Automatic means in the context of the invention that the erector works without human intervention, in particular, the torque in the event of a time-variable inclination of the mast from the vertical to the respective currently present tendency can be adjusted. Thus, the torque caused by the righting device can brake a rotational movement of the mast, keep the mast in a certain position and / or raise the mast in the vertical orientation of its mast longitudinal axis.

Through a connection for transmitting power to the mast, the erecting device can exert the necessary torque on the mast to erect the mast against a torque generated by the wind-induced lateral force and / or the weight of the mast and the mast carried sail and rigging torque, that is, to turn the mast about the longitudinal axis to a vertical orientation. The mast and the erector can be connected to each other, for example, rigid or via a gear unit. When the mast and erecting device are connected via a gear unit, the erecting device can apply the work necessary for erection of the mast optionally at a low force and a long distance or vice versa. As a result, depending on the requirements, for example, the space requirements, different Aufrichtvorrichtungen be used. The transmission unit may comprise, for example, a gear transmission and / or a pulley.

The erecting device prevents the mast from being tilted by the lateral force to a horizontal orientation in which the wind on the sails carried by the mast no longer produces substantially any lateral or propulsive force. Instead, the erector holds the mast in a more or less strongly inclined depending on the wind strength and direction of equilibrium position, as the mast of a prior art sailboat is held by the firmly connected to the mast fuselage together with the hull in a wind dependent inclined position. As soon as the lateral force subsides, for example because the wind decreases, the wind direction changes relative to the direction of travel or the sails are overtaken, the erecting device brings the mast into a vertical orientation. A dynamic embodiment of the erecting device ensures that the mast, at any angle of inclination to the vertical, experiences a balance between torque and lateral force on the one hand and the erecting device on the other hand, and thus can be stable. Due to the automatic design, a quick response to changing conditions, for example in the case of suddenly fluctuating transverse force, for example due to a gust of wind, is made possible, and possible operating errors are avoided.

The at least one storage device may be detachably connected by a number of holding means with the at least one hull. The holding means may comprise, for example, clamps and / or screws with which the bearing device is clamped or screwed to the hull. An attachment with retaining means has the advantage that the bearing device can be retrofitted to the hull, for example, to rebuild a previously known sailboat according to the invention. A detachable connection offers the additional advantage that the attachment of the bearing device is reversible. The storage device can thus be removed from the fuselage, for example for maintenance work or for attaching another storage device.

The at least one storage device can be connected via support elements, for example by a wood or metal frame, with the at least one hull. By supporting elements, the bearing device can advantageously be spaced from the fuselage so that the at least one mast can rotate freely about the longitudinal axis.

The at least one storage device may be at least partially integrated in the at least one hull. An integrated bearing device does not increase the air or water resistance of the hull, does not present a disturbing obstacle on deck and does not degrade the aesthetic value of the sailboat.

The at least one hull may comprise at least one trunk ballast for shifting the center of gravity of the hull below the waterline. The hull ballast may be, for example, weights of a material of high density, for example lead, which are arranged as low as possible in the hull. It is also a variable hull ballast conceivable, for example by more or less large amounts of water are filled into containers in the fuselage to compensate for different loading conditions of the sailboat. The hull ballast produces a torque urging the hull into a horizontal orientation. As a result, the hull is less easily, for example, deflected by wind and waves from the horizontal orientation and returns automatically in this. Thus, the trunk ballast helps to reduce the heeling tendency of the sailboat.

At least one sheet of a sail carried by the at least one mast can be fastened on the longitudinal axis to the at least one hull. A sheet joins a sail to the hull of a sailboat to set the feathering position relative to the hull. Due to the fact that the sheet is fixed to the hull on the longitudinal axis, ie on the axis of rotation of the mast, the distance of the sail from the fixing point does not change during a rotary movement of the mast. The feathering is thus preserved and does not need to be readjusted.

The sailboat may include at least one decoupling means for electrically decoupling the mast from the hull. The decoupling means may comprise, for example, a coating of the contact surfaces of the mast with the fuselage, the bearing device and / or a connection unit with a material having poor electrical conductivity, for example a plastic, in particular wear-resistant plastic. The decoupling means ensures that a lightning strike into the mast is not transmitted to the fuselage where it could damage electrical equipment and / or injure crewmembers. For this purpose, the invention provides that the mast is electrically connected via an electrical connection with the body of water on which the sailboat floats. The electrical connection is designed according to the invention for carrying a typical for a lightning strike performance and / or has a higher electrical conductivity than the hull enclosing connections of the mast with the body of water. She can, for example an electric line and / or an at least partially conductive keel include. In this way, the mast acts as a lightning rod. Preferably, according to the invention, at least the rigging connected to the fuselage, especially within the reach of crew members, electrically insulating or with a lower than the electrical connection Stromleitfähigkeit or a high electrical resistance formed so that the current flow due to a striking in the mast flash substantially in the body of water takes place.

The sailboat may comprise at least one brake unit for controlled deceleration of a rotary movement of the mast. As a result, too fast movements of the mast, which could endanger the crew or destabilize the sailboat avoided. In the simplest case, the brake unit is designed as a sliding bearing with sufficiently high frictional force between the sliding bearing and the mast. In particular, the friction force can be adjustable, for example, by a variable contact pressure of the sliding bearing to the mast. At low frictional force of the mast moves almost freely, whereby a minimum heeling tendency of the sailboat is achieved. The stronger the frictional force is increased, the more the rotational movement of the mast is delayed, and the heeling behavior of the sailboat approaches the heeling behavior of a previously known sailboat. In this way, the glider can adjust the heeling behavior individually to his preferences and the external conditions, such as wind and wave conditions.

In particular, the brake unit can also be designed so that it completely prevents the rotational movement of the mast at least temporarily. In this case, the sailboat shows the same heeling behavior as a previously known sailboat. As a result, no wind energy is lost by a rotational movement of the mast in the storage device and the largest possible part of the wind energy contributes to the propulsion of the sailboat. This behavior may be desired by a glider, for example to maximize travel speed and / or increase driving pleasure. In the simplest case, the brake unit can be configured in this case as a bolt, which is offset when required parallel to the longitudinal axis radially through the mast and a recess of the fuselage, wherein the recess prevents the bolt form-fitting to a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis.

It is also conceivable that the brake unit prevents the rotational movement of the mast with a small transverse force and releases in the manner of a torque wrench only when a certain torque generated by the transverse force is exceeded. As a result, with low lateral force, ie weak wind, the available wind energy is used as efficiently as possible for propulsion. At the same time, high lateral forces, which would lead to a strong heeling in previously known sailboats, are not transmitted to the hull by the released rotational movement of the mast. This design thus combines optimal performance of the sailboat in light wind with increased safety in - especially sudden - strong wind.

The sailboat may include at least one stop for limiting the amplitude of rotational movement of the mast. By at least one stop, in particular two stops each of which limits the amplitude of the rotational movement to the starboard side and port side of the hull, can be advantageously prevented that the mast tends so far that the mast or sail attached thereto dive into the water or with collide with the hull or superstructures or people on it. Preferably, the stopper is designed so that it will not be damaged even when hitting a fast moving mast on the stop neither the mast nor the stop. For example, the stop can be elastically deformable, for example made of rubber, or combined with a brake unit which brakes the mast before hitting the stop.

The sailboat may comprise at least one sail adjustment device for automatically adjusting the position of at least one sail carried by the at least one mast to a rotational movement of the mast. For example, the sail can be automatically opened when the mast tilts. As a result, the lateral force generated on the sail is reduced and the mast can straighten up again. The sail adjustment device can operate purely mechanically, for example via possibly connected to a transmission cables that connect the mast, the fuselage and a sheet of sail together. But it is also a motorized Segelstelleinrichtung conceivable, for example, with a motor that adjusts the sheet, at least one sensor that detects the position of the mast relative to the hull, and a controller that controls the engine using the sensor data.

The at least one erecting device can be at least one for power transmission, for example, rigid or via a transmission device, with the lower portion of the at least comprising a mast connected and rotatably mounted about the longitudinal axis counterweight. The counterweight can advantageously be dimensioned and / or arranged such that the common center of gravity of the at least one mast, of the mast supported sail and rigging and the counterweight is below the longitudinal axis. As a result, the weight force of the counterweight produces a mast erecting torque, which is the greater, the farther the mast and a rigidly connected counterweight are deflected from a vertical orientation of the mast longitudinal axis. It is thus achieved in the simplest way, in particular without complex and / or error-prone control systems, an automatically and dynamically operating Aufrichtvorrichtung.

If the mast is connected to the counterweight via a transmission device, for example a toothed gearing, a small deflection of the mast can effect a large deflection of the counterweight and thus a large torque that raises the mast with appropriate gear ratio translation. As a result, the longitudinal axis of the mast can be kept at a slight inclination from the vertical, whereby a more efficient implementation of wind power in propulsion of the sailboat is possible than with stronger inclination. It is also conceivable that the transmission device has a variable ratio, so that the inclination behavior of the mast can be adapted, for example, to environmental conditions and / or preferences of the crew of the sailboat.

The at least one counterweight may advantageously consist of a material of high density, for example lead, in order to save space. The counterweight may be disposed within the hull in order not to increase the water and / or drag of the sailboat by external attachments. The counterweight can also be arranged outside the hull, for example, if not enough space is available in the hull.

The at least one counterweight can be arranged below the at least one fuselage. By an arrangement of the counterweight below the fuselage and the associated greater distance of the counterweight from the longitudinal axis, the counterweight with the same mass can produce a higher torque raising the mast. The counterweight can thus be lighter and smaller dimensions, which reduce the cost of production and improve the performance of the sailboat due to the lower total mass. In an arrangement in the water of the counterweight can advantageously a form with low water resistance, such as a torpedo or teardrop shape, have.

A counterweight disposed below the fuselage can for example be rigidly connected to the mast by guiding the mast through a recess in the fuselage to the underside of the fuselage where it is connected to the counterweight, for example bolted or bolted.

The counterweight may include at least one keel. The term keel is, as usual in sailboat construction, used for a mounted on the underside of the hull of a sailboat component whose extension transverse to the direction of travel is small in relation to its extension along the direction of travel and its vertical extent. A keel generally serves to reduce sideways drift and increase the weight stability of a sailboat. Due to the design of the counterweight as keel, the counterweight can act as a righting device at the same time and reduce the drift of the sailboat. As a result, further devices for reducing drift, such as swords or keels, can be dimensioned smaller or even completely eliminated. The sailboat is thus easier and cheaper to construct.

The at least one keel may include at least one keel ballast for lowering the center of gravity of the keel. By such a keel ballast, the center of gravity of the keel is displaced away from the longitudinal axis, so that the keel generates a higher upright mast torque for the same mass. For example, the keel ballast may be represented by weights attached to or in the keel, such as lead or other high density material.

The at least one counterweight may comprise at least two keels, which are preferably arranged in the manner of a keel keel or Dreierkiels. By means of a plurality of substantially side-by-side keels, the same mast-erecting torque can be achieved with less vertical expansion of each keel than with a single keel. This reduces the depth of the sailboat, allowing it to sail in shallower water and easier to transport ashore. If the keels are connected in different orientations relative to the mast longitudinal axis, for example Y-shaped with the mast, at least one keel is in a nearly vertical even with inclined mast Orientation. As a result, a large horizontally projected, perpendicular to the direction of travel surface of the keel is achieved, which reduces the drift of the sailboat.

The sailboat may comprise at least one connection unit rotatably mounted about the longitudinal axis on the bearing device for connecting the at least one mast to the at least one counterweight. The compound is designed for power transmission and can be, for example, rigid or mediated by a transmission device. Due to the fact that the mast in this embodiment is not mounted directly but indirectly via the connecting unit on the bearing device, the mast, for example for maintenance purposes, can be separated from the hull without interfering with the bearing device. In the simplest case, the connecting unit is a rod-shaped or tubular body which is connected at one end in each case, in particular releasably, to the mast and the counterweight.

The at least one connecting unit may enclose the longitudinal axis and the at least one body at least on one side and / or be substantially annular. A connection unit enclosing the hull has the advantage that no recess in the hull is necessary for the passage of the connection unit, thus gaining space in the fuselage, increasing the stability of the fuselage and enabling easy retrofitting of previously known sailboats according to the invention. A longitudinal axis and the hull completely enclosing, in particular annular, connection unit offers the advantage of particularly high stability.

The at least one connecting unit can be guided in a groove on the outside of the at least one fuselage. As a result, the connection unit is installed particularly space-saving and aesthetically inconspicuous and increases the water resistance and aerodynamic drag of the sailboat only slightly.

The at least one connection unit can have at least one mast holder for, preferably detachable, connection of the at least one mast and / or at least one counterweight holder for, preferably detachable, connection of the at least one counterweight to the connection unit. Removable connections, for example plug-in, screwed or clamped connections, offer the advantage that mast and / or counterweight can be easily separated from the sailboat, for example for maintenance or transport purposes, or to use depending on the purpose of different poles and / or counterweights on the same sailboat.

The at least one connection unit may include a number of fasteners, such as hooks or rings for attaching a number of shrouds of the at least one mast to the connection unit. By shrouds the mast is supported laterally. The fact that the shrouds are attached to the connection unit, their attachment points rotate together with the mast, so that the shrouds can show their supporting effect even with inclined mast.

The at least one connection unit may be made of a material of high rigidity and strength, preferably of steel and / or composite material. This ensures that the connection unit can transmit the forces occurring between mast and keel without being deformed or damaged.

The at least one mast holder and the at least one counterweight holder can be arranged opposite one another on the connection unit with respect to the longitudinal axis. This symmetrical arrangement a particularly simple construction and high stability is achieved.

The at least one bearing device may be configured such that it fixes the at least one mast and / or the at least one connection unit with respect to a longitudinal movement parallel to the longitudinal axis and / or a radial movement perpendicular to the longitudinal axis relative to the at least one fuselage. Preventing longitudinal movement ensures that the driving force generated by the sails carried by the mast is transferred to the hull without loss. The prevention of radial movement prevents unwanted relative movements between the mast and fuselage, which could destabilize the sailboat.

The at least one storage device may comprise a number of longitudinal bearings and / or a number of radial bearings, wherein the at least one mast and / or the at least one connection unit is longitudinally positively connected to the at least one fuselage via the longitudinal bearings and / or via the radial bearings with respect to the radial movement is positively connected to the at least one hull. The longitudinal bearings and radial bearings may include, for example, plain bearings, bearings and / or rollers. As a result of this embodiment, relative longitudinal and / or radial movements between the mast and the fuselage are prevented in a simple and effective manner.

The at least one erecting device may comprise at least one spring element which elastically connects the lower section of the at least one mast to the at least one hull. For example, springs or air cushions that connect the mast substantially transversely to the direction of travel with the fuselage, support the erection of the mast and / or slow down the rotational movement of the mast.

The at least one erecting device may comprise at least one motorized drive, in particular with an automatic control device, connected to the lower section of the at least one power transmission mast, for example rigidly or via a transmission device. The drive may comprise, for example, a propeller acting transversely to the direction of travel, which is rigidly connected to the mast horizontally under water, in particular on an extension of the mast longitudinal axis. The propeller can produce a mast-erecting torque through the water displaced transversely to the direction of travel and thus support, for example, a keel belonging to the erector, so that the latter can be made smaller. This advantageously results in a weight saving and a reduced draft of the sailboat. By way of example, the control device can detect the instantaneous inclination of the mast via position sensors and control the drive in dependence thereon.

A particular advantage of the invention is that a sailboat according to the invention exhibits a much smoother and safer driving behavior than previously known sailboats. As a result, in particular the sense of balance of the passengers is less stressed and seasickness avoided.

Even a possible maneuverability by the so-called sun shot, the complete lifting of the rudder out of the water by heeling, is avoided. By a sunshot, a sailboat loses the ability to reduce strong heeling by countersteering, which often leads to capsizing.

Furthermore, the crew is relieved by automatic operation of the invention of some tasks, which dangerous malfunctions are prevented. So it is not directly necessary to rewind the sails, that is, to reduce the sail area to reduce the heeling. In addition, the crew does not have to ride on the windward side in order to reduce the heeling by their body weight, but can, especially in bad weather and heavy seas, devote to other tasks.

Damage to the mast or capsizing of the sailboat by snagging with the mast on a bridge is avoided if the mast can dodge by its rotation.

Fig. 1

einen schematischen Querschnitt eines beispielhaften, erfindungsgemäßen Segelbootes;

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Querschnitt eines weiteren beispielhaften, erfindungsgemäßen Segelbootes;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Vorderansicht eines beispielhaften, erfindungsgemäßen Segelbootes und

Fig. 4

eine schematische Seitansicht des Segelbootes aus Fig. 3.

The invention will be described with reference to exemplary embodiments, which are explained in more detail with the aid of the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic cross section of an exemplary sailboat according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a schematic cross section of another exemplary, inventive sailboat according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a schematic front view of an exemplary, inventive sailboat and

Fig. 4

a schematic side view of the sailboat Fig. 3 ,

FIG. 1 "The illustrated sailboat 100 includes a hull 110, a mast 120, and a sail 121 carried by the mast 120. A lower portion 122 of the mast 120 is on a storage device 200 connected to the hull 110. ***" rotatably supported about a longitudinal axis LA of the sailboat. In the illustration, the longitudinal axis LA as well as the bow-tail direction of the sailboat 100 runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The bearing device is designed, for example, as a bolt guided on the longitudinal axis LA through the mast 120, about which the mast 120 can rotate. By, in the example of the figure from the right, on the sail 121 falling wind a lateral force is generated, which in turn causes the mast from a vertical orientation, in the example shown to the left, deflecting torque. An erector 210, in the simplest case a counterweight to Mast automatically generates a dynamic torque that lifts up the mast 120, compensates for the lateral force-related torque and thus stabilizes the mast 120 in an inclined position, as in the illustrated example. For example, the erecting device 210 may be rigid ( Fig. 1a ) or via a transmission device (214, Fig. 1b ) may be connected to the mast 120. The bearing device 200 may be located above the fuselage 110 or inside the fuselage 110, as shown. The erector 210 may also be located above, inside, and / or below the fuselage 110.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of another exemplary sailing boat 100 according to the invention with FIG. 1 common features are provided with the same reference numerals as there and will not be described again. Im in FIG. 2 In the example shown, the lower region 122 of the mast 120 is mounted on the bearing device 200 via a connecting element 140, for example a metal tube. In the example shown, the connection unit 140 is passed through a recess in the fuselage 110. As a result, a motorized drive 212, for example a propeller and / or a counterweight 213, may be connected to the connection unit 140 below the fuselage 110. The drive 212, the counterweight 213 and / or a resilient element 211 connecting the mast 120 to the fuselage 110 can, as components of a righting device, respectively generate a torque that sets up the mast 120; the drive 212 by water displacement, the counterweight 213 by its weight and the resilient member 211 by its elastic restoring force. The illustrated connection unit 140 carries a fastening element 146, for example a ring, as an attachment point for shrouds of the mast 120 rotating with the mast 120.

This in FIG. 2 Sailboat shown comprises a braking unit 150 to delay the rotational movement of the mast 120, for example, by grinding surfaces rubbing on the mast, controlled. The sailboat further comprises a stop 160, for example in the form of a fender, to limit the amplitude of the rotational movement of the mast 120. The illustrated sailboat also includes a sail actuator 170, for example, in the form of a cable 121 linking the sail 121 to the mast 120 and the hull 110, which automatically opens the sail 121 when the mast 120 is too inclined relative to the hull 110, that of the sail 121 to reduce the resulting lateral force.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic front view of an exemplary sailboat 100 according to the invention. The hull 110 of the sailboat 100 is formed by a canoe of the type Seneca 500. In order to shift the center of gravity of the hull 110 below the waterline WL, the hull 110 in this example includes a hull ballast 111 in the form of weights with a mass of about 20 kg. In the example shown, a connection unit 140 is rotatably connected to the hull 110 via support elements 203, for example made of wood, and rubber-sheathed rollers as radial bearings 202 about a longitudinal axis LA of the sailboat. The connecting unit 140 shown encloses the longitudinal axis LA and the hull 110 and consists for example of a steel ring with a diameter of 1.105 m, a width of 0.10 m and a thickness of 0.01 m. The illustrated connection unit 140 includes a mast support 144, which may be, for example, a 3/2 "diameter steel pipe welded to the connection unit 140 and to which the lower portion 122 of the mast 120 is attached.

On the mast holder 144 opposite side of the illustrated connection unit 140, a counterweight holder 145 is attached, which consists for example of two steel angles with a leg length of 10 cm. On the illustrated counterweight support 145 is a keel 130, for example of two welded steel plates of 1.25 m length, 10 cm wide and 1 cm thick and 7.5 kg mass attached. At the lower end of the keel 130 a keel ballast 131 is attached, which consists for example of six bolted to the keel lead plates with 5 kg mass.

In the FIG. 3 shown connecting unit 140 is freely rotatable about the longitudinal axis LA, so that a wind carried by the wind on the mast 120 with a sail area of, for example, 8 m ² (not shown) generated lateral force tilts the mast 120 to the leeward without the hull 110 crowding , The erecting device in the form of a keel 130, as a counterweight, prevents the lateral force from completely overturning the mast 120, but instead keeps the mast 120 in a more or less inclined equilibrium position, depending on the magnitude of the lateral force. On all courses relative to the wind direction, as well as turning and jibing the hull 110 of the illustrated sailboat 100 can remain calm and level, while the mast 120 each automatically moves to its respective wind pressure corresponding position.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of the sailboat 100 from FIG. 3 , In addition to the already in FIG. 3 illustrated and not described again features 4 shows the following features of the sailboat 100: The support elements 203 shown are connected via holding means 205 releasably connected to the hull 110, for example, clamped. A number of longitudinal bearings 201, such as rubber coated rollers, form-fit the connector 140 longitudinally of the sailboat to the hull 110. Thus, propelling force on the sails of the mast (both not shown) is fully transmitted to the hull 110 while at the same time free rotation the connection unit 140 about the longitudinal axis (not shown here) of the sailboat 100 is possible. In FIG. 4 In addition, the rudder 101 of the sailboat is visible. Due to the rotational movement of the mast and keel 130, it is possible to induce a change in the course of the sailboat to the windward or leeward side which, if appropriate, is compensated for by countersteering with the aid of the rudder system 101.

Features that are presented in the context of an example can also be combined differently according to the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

sailboat

101

steering gear

110

hull

111

hull ballast

120

mast

121

sail

122

lower section

130

keel

131

Kiel ballast

140

connecting unit

144

pole mount

145

Kiel bracket

146

fastener

150

brake unit

160

attack

170

Sail setting device

200

bearing device

201

longitudinal stockyard

202

radial bearings

203

support element

205

holding means

210

erecting

211

spring element

212

drive

213

counterweight

214

transmission device

LA

Longitudinal axis of the sailboat

Claims (15)

Low-heel sailboat (100) having at least one steering gear (101), at least one hull (110 and at least one mast (120) and at least one storage device (200) connecting the hull (110) to the mast (120),
marked by a. a bearing device (200) connecting the mast (120) to the hull (110), the mast (120) being rotatably mounted in a lower portion (122) on the bearing device (200) about a longitudinal axis (LA) of the sailboat (100) is and b. an automatic erecting device (210) for applying torque to the mast (120) in at least one direction along the longitudinal axis (LA), the automatic erecting device (210) being connected to a lower portion (122) of the mast (120) for power transmission , Sailboat (100) according to claim 1
characterized in that
the at least one storage device (200) a. releasably connected by a number of retaining means (205) to the at least one body (110); b. via support elements (203) is connected to the at least one hull (110) and / or c. at least partially integrated in the at least one hull (110). Sailboat (100) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the at least one hull (110) comprises at least one hull ballast (111) for shifting the center of gravity of the hull (110) below the waterline. Sailboat (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
at least one sheet of sail (121) carried by the at least one mast (120) is mounted on the longitudinal axis (LA) on the at least one hull (110). Sailboat (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
marked by a. at least one decoupling means for electrically decoupling the mast (120) from the fuselage (110); b. at least one gear unit (214) for connecting the at least one erecting device (210) to the at least one mast (120); c. at least one brake unit (150) for controlled deceleration of a rotational movement of the mast (120); d. at least one stop (160) for limiting the amplitude of a rotational movement of the mast (120) and / or e. at least one sail setting device (170) for automatically adapting the position of at least one sail (121) carried by the at least one mast (120) to a rotary movement of the mast (120). Sailboat (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
the at least one erecting device (200) comprises at least one counterweight (213) connected to the lower section (122) of the at least one mast (120) for power transmission and rotatable about the longitudinal axis (LA), the common center of gravity of the at least one mast ( 120), of the mast (120) carried sail (121) and rigging and the counterweight (213) below the longitudinal axis (LA). Sailboat (100) according to claim 6,
characterized in that
the at least one counterweight (213) is arranged below the at least one fuselage (110). Sailboat (100) according to claim 7,
characterized in that
the at least one counterweight (213) comprises at least one keel (130), the keel (130) preferably comprising at least one keel ballast (131) for lowering the center of gravity of the keel (130). Sailboat (100) according to claim 8,
characterized in that
the at least one counterweight (213) comprises at least two keels (130), which are preferably arranged in the manner of a keel keel or dreierkiel. Sailboat (100) according to one of claims 6 to 9,
marked by
at least one connection unit (140) mounted rotatably about the longitudinal axis (LA) on the bearing device (200) for connecting the at least one mast (120) to the at least one counterweight (213) for transmitting power from the at least one counterweight (213) to the at least one a mast (120). Sailboat (100) according to claim 10,
characterized in that
the at least one connection unit (140) a. enclosing the longitudinal axis (LA) and the at least one body (110) at least on one side; b. is substantially annular; c. is guided in a groove on the outside of the at least one hull (110); d. at least one mast holder (144) for, preferably detachable, connection of the at least one mast (120) to the connection unit (140); e. at least one counterweight holder (145) for, preferably detachable, connection of the at least one counterweight (213) with the connection unit (140); f. a plurality of fasteners (146) for attaching a number of shrouds of the at least one mast (120) to the connection unit (140) and / or G. is made of a material of high rigidity and strength, preferably of steel and / or composite material. Sailboat (100) according to claim 11,
characterized in that
the at least one mast holder (144) and the at least one counterweight holder (145) are arranged opposite one another on the connection unit (140) with respect to the longitudinal axis (LA). Sailboat (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that
the at least one bearing device (200) comprises the at least one mast (120) and / or the at least one connection unit (140) with respect to a longitudinal movement parallel to the longitudinal axis (LA) and / or a radial movement perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (LA) relative to the at least one fixed a hull (110). Sailboat (100) according to claim 13,
characterized in that
the at least one storage device (200) comprises a number of longitudinal bearings (201) and / or a number of radial bearings (202), wherein the at least one mast (120) and / or the at least one connection unit (140) a. is longitudinally positively connected to the at least one body (110) via the longitudinal bearings (201) and / or b. is positively connected to the at least one hull (110) via the radial bearing (202) with respect to the radial movement. Sailboat (100) according to one of claims 1 to 14,
characterized in that
the at least one erecting device (210) a. at least one of the lower portion (122) of the at least one mast (120) with the at least one hull (110) elastically connecting spring element (211) and / or b. at least one motorized drive (212) connected to the lower portion (122) of the at least one power transmission mast (120), preferably with an automatic control device.

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