EP1307204A1 - Inhibiteurs de proteases - Google Patents

Inhibiteurs de proteases

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Publication number
EP1307204A1
EP1307204A1 EP01946344A EP01946344A EP1307204A1 EP 1307204 A1 EP1307204 A1 EP 1307204A1 EP 01946344 A EP01946344 A EP 01946344A EP 01946344 A EP01946344 A EP 01946344A EP 1307204 A1 EP1307204 A1 EP 1307204A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
methyl
azepan
oxo
amide
butyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01946344A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1307204A4 (fr
Inventor
Robert W. Marquis, Jr.
Yu Ru
Daniel F. Veber
Maxwell D. Cummings
Scott K. Thompson
Dennis Yamashita
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SmithKline Beecham Corp
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SmithKline Beecham Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1307204A1 publication Critical patent/EP1307204A1/fr
Publication of EP1307204A4 publication Critical patent/EP1307204A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/04—Drugs for skeletal disorders for non-specific disorders of the connective tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • A61P33/06—Antimalarials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • A61P33/08—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis for Pneumocystis carinii
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/10—Anthelmintics
    • A61P33/12—Schistosomicides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D223/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D223/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D223/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D223/12—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to 4-amino-azepan-3-one protease inhibitors, particularly such inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteases, more particularly compounds which inhibit cysteine proteases, even more particularly compounds which inhibit cysteme proteases of the papain superfamily, yet more particularly compounds which inhibit cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family, most particularly compounds which inhibit cathepsin K.
  • Such compounds are particularly useful for treating diseases in which cysteine proteases are implicated, especially diseases of excessive bone or cartilage loss, e.g., osteoporosis, periodontitis, and arthritis.
  • Cathepsins are a family of enzymes which are part of the papain superfamily of cysteine proteases. Cathepsins B, H, L, N and S have been described in the literature. Recently, cathepsin K polypeptide and the cDNA encoding such polypeptide were disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,501,969 (called cathepsin O therein). Cathepsin K has been recently expressed, purified, and characterized. Bossard, M. J., et al., (1996) J. Biol. Client. 271, 12517-12524; Drake, F.H., et al., (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12511-12516; Bromme, D., et al., (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 2126-2132.
  • Cathepsin K has been variously denoted as cathepsin O or cathepsin 02 in the literature.
  • the designation cathepsin K is considered to be the more appropriate one.
  • Cathepsins function in the normal physiological process of protein degradation in animals, including humans, e.g., in the degradation of connective tissue. However, elevated levels of these enzymes in the body can result in pathological conditions leading to disease. Thus, cathepsins have been implicated as causative agents in various disease states, including but not limited to, infections by pneumocystis carinii, trypsanoma cruzi, trypsanoma brucei brucei, and Crithidia fusiculata; as well as in schistosomiasis, malaria, tumor metastasis, metachromatic leukodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, amytrophy, and the like.
  • Bone is composed of a protein matrix in which spindle- or plate-shaped crystals of hydroxyapatite are incorporated.
  • Type I collagen represents the major structural protein of bone comprising approximately 90% of the protein matrix. The remaining 10% of matrix is composed of a number of non-collagenous proteins, including osteocalcin, proteoglycans, osteopontin, osteonectin, thrombospondin, fibronectin, and bone sialoprotein.
  • Skeletal bone undergoes remodelling at discrete foci throughout life. These foci, or remodelling units, undergo a cycle consisting of a bone resorption phase followed by a phase of bone replacement.
  • Bone resorption is carried out by osteoclasts, which are multinuclear cells of hematopoietic lineage.
  • the osteoclasts adhere to the bone surface and form a tight sealing zone, followed by extensive membrane ruffling on their apical (i.e., resorbing) surface.
  • the low pH of the compartment dissolves hydroxyapatite crystals at the bone surface, while the proteolytic enzymes digest the protein matrix. In this way, a resorption lacuna, or pit, is formed.
  • osteoblasts lay down a new protein matrix that is subsequently mineralized.
  • disease states such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease
  • the normal balance between bone resorption and formation is disrupted, and there is a net loss of bone at each cycle.
  • this leads to weakening of the bone and may result in increased fracture risk with minimal trauma.
  • inhibitors of cysteine proteases are effective at inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and indicate an essential role for a cysteine proteases in bone resorption. For example, Delaisse, et al, Biochem.
  • cystatin an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor
  • cystatin an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor
  • Other studies such as by Delaisse, et al, Bone, 1987, 8, 305, Hill, et al, J. Cell. Biochem., 1994, 56, 118, and Everts, et al, J. Cell. Physiol., 1992, 150, 221, also report a correlation between inhibition of cysteine protease activity and bone resorption. Tezuka, et al, J. Biol. Chem., 1994, 269, 1106, Inaoka, et al, Biochem. Biophys. Res.
  • cathepsin K may provide an effective treatment for diseases of excessive bone loss, including, but not limited to, osteoporosis, gingival diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis, Paget's disease, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and metabolic bone disease.
  • Cathepsin K levels have also been demonstrated to be elevated in chondroclasts of osteoarthritic synovium.
  • selective inhibition of cathepsin K may also be useful for treating diseases of excessive cartilage or matrix degradation, including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Metastatic neoplastic cells also typically express high levels of proteolytic enzymes that degrade the surrounding matrix.
  • selective inhibition of cathepsin K may also be useful for treating certain neoplastic diseases.
  • cysteine protease inhibitors are known. Palmer, (1995) J. Med. Chem., 38, 3193, disclose certain vinyl sulfones which irreversibly inhibit cysteine proteases, such as the cathepsins B, L, S, O2 and cruzain. Other classes of compounds, such as aldehydes, nitriles, -ketocarbonyl compounds, halomethyl ketones, diazomethyl ketones, (acyloxy)methyl ketones, ketomethylsulfonium salts and epoxy succinyl compounds have also been reported to inhibit cysteine proteases. See Palmer, id, and references cited therein.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,518,528 discloses peptidyl fluoromethyl ketones as irreversible inhibitors of cysteine protease.
  • Published International Patent Application No. WO 94/04172, and European Patent Application Nos. EP 0 525 420 Al, EP 0 603 873 Al, and EP 0 611 756 A2 describe alkoxymethyl and mercaptomethyl ketones which inhibit the cysteine proteases cathepsins B, H and L.
  • Azapeptides which are designed to deliver the azaamino acid to the active site of serine proteases, and which possess a good leaving group, are disclosed by Elmore et al., Biochem. J., 1968, 107, 103, Garker et al, Biochem. J., 1974, 139, 555, Gray et al,
  • An object of the present invention is to provide 4-amino-azepan-3-one carbonyl protease inhibitors, particularly such inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteases, more particularly such compounds which inhibit cysteine proteases, even more particularly such compounds which inhibit cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily, yet more particularly such compounds which inhibit cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family, most particularly such compounds which inhibit cathepsin K, and which are useful for treating diseases which may be therapeutically modified by altering the activity of such proteases. Accordingly, in the first aspect, this invention provides a compound according to
  • this invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • this invention provides intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds of Formula I.
  • this invention provides a method of treating diseases in which the disease pathology may be therapeutically modified by inhibiting proteases, particularly cysteine and serine proteases, more particularly cysteine proteases, even more particularly cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily, yet more particularly cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family, most particularly cathepsin K.
  • the compounds of this invention are especially useful for treating diseases characterized by bone loss, such as osteoporosis and gingival diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, or by excessive cartilage or matrix degradation, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • the present invention provides compounds of Formula I:
  • Rl is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_ galkyl, Ar-C 0 _6alkyl, Het-C 0 _ 6 alkyl, R 9 C(O)-, R 9 C(S)-, R 9 SO 2 -, R 9 OC(O)-,
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ _6alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl- Co-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, HetCo_6alkyl and ArCo_6 lkyl;
  • R3 and R' may be connected to form a pyrrolidine, piperidine or morpholine ring;
  • 4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C galkyl, C ⁇ .gcycloalkyl- C 0 . 6 alkyl, Ar-C 0 _6alkyl, Het-C 0 -6alkyl, R 5 C(O)-, R 5 C(S)-, R 5 SO 2 -, R 5 OC(0)-, R 5 R 12 NC(O)-, and R 5 R 12 NC(S)-;
  • 5 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ .galkyl, C 2 -6alkenyl, C 2 _6alkynyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co-6alkyl, Ar-Co_6alkyl and Het-Co_6 a lkyl;
  • R" is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ .galkyl, Ar-C()-6alkyl, and Het- C 0 . 6 alkyl;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H, Cj.galkyl, C ⁇ .gcycloalkyl- C 0 _6alkyl, Ar-C 0 . 6 alkyl, Het-C 0 _6alkyl, R 10 C(O)-, Rl°C(S)-, R 10 SO 2 -, R 10 OC(O)-, R 10 R 13 NC(O)-, and R 10 13NC(S)-;
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl_6alkyl, C 2 _6alkenyl, C 2 -6alkynyl, HetC ⁇ -6- ⁇ lkyl ⁇ ArCo_6alkyl;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: C ⁇ .galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_6alkyl, Ar-Co_6alkyl and Het-Co_6 a lkyl;
  • RIO is selected from the group consisting of: C ⁇ galkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl-C()-6alkyl, Ar-Co-6alkyl and Het-Co- ⁇ alkyl;
  • RU is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j .galkyl, Ar-C()-6alkyl, and Het- CQ_6al yl;
  • R ⁇ 2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j .galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6 a -kyl, and Het- C 0 -6alkyl
  • R!3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j .galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6 a lkyl, and Het-
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H, Cj.galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6alkyl, and Het- C 0 _6alkyl;
  • R" is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ .galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6 a lkyl, or Het- C 0 _ 6 alkyl; :
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ .galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl- Co_6 a l yl, Ar-CQ-galkyl, and Het-Co_6 a lkyl;
  • R" is selected from the group consisting of: Ci-galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_6 lkyl C 2 -6alkenyl, C 2 _6alkynyl, HetCQ.6alkyl and ArCo- ⁇ al yl;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of: CH 2 , S, and O;
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of: C(O) and CH 2 ; n is an integer from 1 to 5; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
  • R is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci-galkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl- C ⁇ -6alkyl,C 2 -6alkenyl, C 2 _6alkynyl, Het-Co_galkyl and Ar-CQ-galkyl;
  • R 3 is preferably selected from the group consisting of: H, C3-6cycloalkyl- Co-6alkyl, C _6alkenyl, Ar-Co_galkyl, and Ci-galkyl;
  • R 3 is more preferably selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, prop-2-yl, n-butyl, isobutyl, but-2-yl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-methanesulfiny 1-ethyl, 1 -hydroxy ethyl, toluyl, naphthalen-2-ylmethyl, benzyloxymethyl, and hydroxymethyl.
  • R3 is even more preferably selected from the group consisting of: toluyl, isobutyl and cyclohexylmethyl.
  • R 3 is most preferably isobutyl.
  • R4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ .galkyl, C3.gcycl0-.lkyl- C 0 -6alkyl, Ar-C 0 . 6 alkyl, Het-C 0 -6alkyl, R 5 C(O)-, R 5 C(S)-, R 5 SO 2 -, R 5 OC(O)-, R 5 R 13 NC(O)-, and R 5 R 13 NC(S)-.
  • R ⁇ is preferably selected from the group consisting of: R5oC(O)-, R ⁇ C(O)- and
  • R ⁇ is most preferably R C(O)-.
  • R ⁇ is preferably methanesulfonyl.
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j .galkyl, C 2 _galkenyl, C 2 _galkynyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-C()-6alkyl, Ar-C .galkyl or Het-Co-g lkyl.
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of: Cj.galkyl, Ar-CQ.galkyl and Het-C () -6alkyl.
  • R? is selected from the group consisting of: methyl, especially halogenated methyl, more especially trifluoromethyl , especially
  • 1,8 naphthyridinyl especially 1,8 naphthyridin-2-yl; indolyl, especially indol-2-yl, especially indol-6-yl, indol-5-yl, especially C ⁇ .
  • galkyl substituted indolyl more especially N-methyl-indol-2-yl; pyridinyl, especially pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-5-yl, especially Cj.galkyl substituted pyridinyl, more especially 2-methyl-pyridin-5-yl, and oxy-pyridinyl, especially l-oxy-pyridin-2-yland l-oxy-pyridin-3-yl;; furo[3,2-b]-pyridinyl, especially furo[3,2-b]-pyridin-2-yl, Cj.galkyl substituted furo[3,2-b]-pyridinyl, especially 3-methyl-furo[3,2-b]-pyridin-2-yl; thiophenyl, especially thiophen-3-yl, also thiophen-2-yl, especially Cj.galkyl substituted thiophenyl, more especially 5-methyl-thiophen-2-yland 5-methyl
  • R? is preferably pyridin-2-yl or l-oxo-pyridin-2-yl.
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j .galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -galkyl, and Het-
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H and naphthalen-2-yl- methyl.
  • R' is H.
  • R" is selected from the group consisting of: H, Cj.galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6 a -kyl, and Het- C 0 .galkyl.
  • R" is H.
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-
  • R'" is preferably selected from the group consisting of: H and C j .galkyl.
  • R'" is more preferably selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl and 6,6- dimethyl.
  • R'" is still more preferably selected from the group consisting of: H and 6,6- dimethyl. Most preferably R'" is H.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: Ci-galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-C ⁇ -6alkyl,
  • R 3 is preferably Ci-galkyl.
  • R 3 is more preferably selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, cyclohexylmethyl, and toluyl.
  • R"" is selected from the group consisting of: C ⁇ _galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-
  • Co-galkyl C 2 .galkenyl, C 2 .galkynyl, HetCQ.galkyl and ArCg-galkyl;
  • R"" is preferably Ci-galkyl
  • R" is more preferably selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and t-butyl. R"" is most preferably methyl.
  • R , R , R ⁇ , and R ⁇ are as described above wherein
  • n is preferably an integer of from 1 to 5;
  • R', R ', R ", R4, and R are as described above wherein
  • n is most preferably 3.
  • the ring may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of Ci-galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co-.galkyl, C _galkenyl, C 2 .galkynyl, HetCg-galkyl, ArCo_galkyl, or halogen.
  • the ring is preferably unsubstituted.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: Ar-C ⁇ -6alkyl,
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: Ar-C ⁇ -6alkyl,
  • R 2 is R 9 SO 2 .
  • R" is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ _galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6alkyl, or Het- Co_galkyl, preferably H.
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H, Cj.galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl- C 0 .galkyl, Ar-C 0 _galkyl, Het-C 0 . alkyl, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 C(S)-, R 10 SO 2 -, R 10 OC(O)-, R 10 R 14 NC (O)-, R10R14 NC (S)-, R7 i s preferably R 10 OC(O).
  • R° > is selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl-galkyl, C 2 _galkenyl, C 2 -galkynyl, HetC ⁇ _galkyl and ArCo-galkyl; preferably Co.galkyl, more preferably isobutyl.
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: C ⁇ .galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_galkyl,
  • R 9 is preferably selected from the group consisting of: C ⁇ galkyl, Ar-Co_galkyl, and Het-Co-galkyl.
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: methyl; ethyl, especially Cj.galkyl-substituted ethyl, more especially 2-cyclohexy 1-ethyl; propyl; butyl, especially C _gbutyl, more especially 3-methylbutyl; tert-butyl, particularly when R 2 is R 9 OC(O); isopentyl; phenyl, especially halogen substituted phenyl, more especially 3,4-dichlorophenyl , 4-bromophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3- chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, especially C j .galkoxy phenyl, more especially 3- methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, especially cyanophenyl, more especially 2-cyanophenyl; especially Co
  • R 9 is most preferably selected from the group consisting of: pyridin-2-yl and l-oxy-pyridin-2-yl.
  • R 9 is preferably Ar-C 0 .galkyl, more preferably Ar, most preferably substituted phenyl such as 2-methyl phenyl, 4-methyl phenyl, 2-chloro phenyl, and 4-fluoro phenyl.
  • R 9 is preferably selected from the group consisting of C j .galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_galkyl, and Het-C Q .galkyl, more preferably l-oxy-pyridin-2- yl, cyclohexyl ethyl, and 3-methyl butyl.
  • RI 1 is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci.galkyl, Ar-C()-6 a lkyl, and Het-
  • R 2 is R 9 SO 2 R u NC(O)-
  • RU is preferably H.
  • R 2 is Ar-C Q -galkyl
  • R 2 is preferably phenyl, especially substituted phenyl, more especially halogen substituted phenyl, even more especially 2-fluorobenzyl.
  • R 2 is Ci.galkyl
  • R 2 is preferably selected from 1-propyl, 1-butyl, and 1- pentyl.
  • R 2 is Het-Cg-galkyl
  • Het-Cg-galkyl is preferably Het-methyl
  • Het in Het-methyl is preferably selected from the group consisting of: pyridinyl, especially pyridin-2-yl, especially Ci-galkylpyridinyl, more especially 6- methyl-pyridin-2-yl; thiophenyl, especially thiophene-2-yl, more especially thiophen-2-yl or benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl; thiazolyl, especially thiazol-4-yl such as l-(2-morpholin-4-yl-thiazol-4-yl), and 1- (isothiazol-3-yl); lH-imidazolyl, especially lH-imidazol-2-yl, lH-imidazol-4
  • R 2 is also preferably: H; toluyl; aryl substituted ethyl, especially 2-phenyl ethyl, 2-[3-(pyridin-2-yl) phenyl] ethyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: Ar-C()-6 a lkyl, R 9 C(O)-, R 9 SO 2 , R ⁇ R- Z - R 9 R n NC(O)-, and R ;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci -galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl- C ⁇ -6alkyl and Ar-Co_galkyl;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of: R 5 OC(O)-, R 5 C(O)- and R 5 SO 2 -;
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of: C .galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ _galkyl and Het- C 0 .galkyl;
  • R 6 is H; R7 is R 10 OC(O);
  • R 8 is Ci.galkyl
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: Ci.galkyl, Ar-Cg-galkyl and Het- C 0 -galkyl;
  • R*" is selected from the group consisting of: C ⁇ .galkyl, Ar-Co_galkyl and Het- C 0 .galkyl;
  • Z is selected from the. group consisting of: C(O) and CH 2 .
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: Ar-C ⁇ -6 a lkyl, R 9 C(O)-, R 9 SO 2 .
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: Ar-C()-6alkyl, R 9 C(O)- and R SO 2 ;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, prop-2-yl, n-butyl, isobutyl, but-2-yl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-methanesulfinyl-ethyl, 1 -hydroxy ethyl, toluyl, naphthalen-2-ylmethyl, benzyloxymethyl, and hydroxymethyl;
  • R 4 is R 5 C(O)-;
  • R5 is selected from the group consisting of: methyl, especially halogenated methyl, more especially tfifluoromethyl , especially C ⁇ _galkoxy substituted methyl, more especially phenoxy-methyl , 4-fluoro-phenoxy- methyl , especially heterocycle substituted methyl, more especially 2-thiophenyl-methyl ; ethyl, especially piperidin-1-y 1-ethyl; butyl, especially aryl substituted butyl, more especially 4-(4-methoxy)phenyl-butyl; isopentyl; cyclohexyl; pentanonyl, especially 4-pentanonyl; butenyl, especially aryl substituted butenyl, more especially 4,4-bis(4- methoxyphenyl)-but-3-enyl; acetyl; phenyl, especially phenyl substituted with one or more halogens, more especially 3,4-d
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: methyl; ethyl, especially C ⁇ _galkyl-substituted ethyl, more especially 2-cyclohexyl-ethyl; propyl; butyl, especially Ci.gbutyl, more especially 3-methylbutyl; tert-butyl, particularly when R 2 is R 9 OC(O); isopentyl; phenyl, especially halogen substituted phenyl, more especially 3,4-dichlorophenyl , 4-bromopheny ⁇ , 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3- chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, especially Ci.galkoxy phenyl, more especially 3- methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, especially cyanophenyl, more especially 2-cyanophenyl; especially Cigalkyl substituted
  • R' is H
  • R" is H
  • R'" is H.
  • R 2 is R 9 SO 2 ;
  • R 3 is isobutyl
  • R 4 is R 5 C(O);
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of: 3-methyl-benzofuran-2-yl, thieno[3,2- b]thiophen-2-yl, 5-methoxybenzofuran-2-yl, quinoxalin-2-yl, and quinolin-2-yl, preferably 3-methyl-benzofuran-2-yl;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: pyridin-2-yl and l-oxy-pyridin-2-yl, preferably l-oxy-pyridin-2-yl.
  • R' is H
  • R'" is H
  • RI is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: Ci-galkyl, Ar-Cg-galkyl, Het-
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: Ci-galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-C ⁇ -galkyl, C 2 .galkenyl, C 2 _galkynyl, Het-Cg-galkyl and Ar-Cg-galkyl, preferably Ci-galkyl; R 3 and R' may be connected to form a pyrrolidine, piperidine or morpholine ring;
  • R 4 is R 5 C(O)-
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of : Cl-galkyl and Het-Co-galkyl, preferably Het-Co-galkyl;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: Cigalkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-C()-galkyl, Ar-Co-galkyl and Het-C Q _galkyl;
  • RU is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci-galkyl, Ar-C()-6alkyl and Het- C Q -galkyl, preferably H;
  • R' is H;
  • R" is H;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H and C galkyl, preferably H;
  • R"" is selected from the group consisting of: Ci .galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_galkyl C 2 .galkenyl, C 2 .galkynyl, HetCo_galkyl and ArCo-galkyl; and
  • n is an integer from 1 to 5, preferably n is 3; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
  • R 3 is preferably Ci-galkyl
  • R 3 is more preferably selected from the group consisting of: but-2-yl and isobutyl. R 3 is most preferably isobutyl.
  • R 4 is R 5 C(O)-.
  • R5 is selected from the group consisting of : Cl_galkyl and Het-Cg-galkyl, preferably Het-Cj .galkyl;
  • R-> is selected from the group consisting of: piperidin-ethyl, especially piperidin- 1 -y 1-ethyl ; benzo[l,3]dioxolyl, especially benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-yl; furanyl, especially furan-2-yl, especially aryl substituted furanyl, such as 5-(3- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-furan-2-yl, more especially Ci.galkyl substituted furanyl, even more especially 3-methyl-furan-2-yl, 4-methyl-furan-2-yl, 2,5-dimethyl-furan-2-yl, and 2,4-dimethyl-furan-3-yl; benzofuranyl, especially benzofuran-2-yl, especially Ci.galkoxy substituted benzofuranyl, more especially 5-methoxy-benzofuran-2-yl, especially halogen substituted benzofuranyl, more especially 5-fluoro-benzofuran-2
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: Ci .galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-C()-galkyl, C 2 _galkenyl, C 2 -6 a lkynyl, Het-Co_galkyl and Ar-Co-galkyl.
  • R 3 is preferably Ci-galkyl, C3-gcycloalkyl-C ⁇ -6 a lkyl, and Ar-C ⁇ _galkyl.
  • R 3 is more preferably selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, cyclohexylmethyl, and toluyl.
  • R" is selected from the group consisting of: Ci -galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl- C ⁇ -6alkyl, C 2 _galkenyl, C 2 .galkynyl, HetCQ.galkyl and ArCg-galkyl;
  • R"" is preferably Ci-galkyl
  • R" is more preferably selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and t-butyl.
  • R"" is methyl
  • R' and R 4 are as described above wherein
  • n is an integer of from l to 5; preferably 3;
  • the cyclic ring may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of C ⁇ _galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co-galkyl, C 2 _galkenyl, C 2 .galkynyl, HetC Q -galkyl, ArCo_galkyl, or halogen.
  • the cyclic ring is preferably unsubstituted.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: Ar-C ⁇ -galkyl, R 9 C(O)-, R 9 SO 2 , and R 9 R* !NC(0)-.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: Ar-C()-6alkyl, R 9 C(O)-, and R 9 SO 2 .
  • R 2 is R 9 SO 2 .
  • R 9 SO 2 is R 9 SO 2 .
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: Ci.galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co-galkyl, Ar-Co-galkyl, and Het-Co_galkyl.
  • R 9 is preferably selected from the group consisting of: Ci.galkyl, Ar-Co-galkyl, and Het-Co-galkyl.
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: ethyl, especially Ci.galkyl-substituted ethyl, more especially 2-cyclohexyl-ethyl; propyl, especially prop-1-yl; isopentyl; butyl, especially but-l-yl; phenyl, especially halogen substituted phenyl, more especially 3-fluorophenyl, 4- fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl; especially Cigalkyl substituted phenyl, more especially 4- ethyl-phenyl, 2-methyl phenyl, 4-methyl phenyl, especially Ci.galkyl sulfonyl substituted phenyl, more especially 4-methanesulfonyl phenyl, and 2-methanesulfonyl phenyl; pyridinyl, especially pyridin-2-yl, 1 -oxy-pyridinyl, more especially 1-oxy-pyridin-
  • R 9 is most preferably selected from the group consisting of: pyridin-2-yl and l-oxy-pyridin-2-yl.
  • R 9 is preferably Ar-C 0 .galkyl, more preferably
  • Ar most preferably substituted phenyl such as 2-methyl phenyl, 4-methyl phenyl, 2-chloro phenyl, 4-fluoro phenyl.
  • R 9 is preferably selected from the group consisting of Ci.galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_galkyl, and Het-Co-galkyl, more preferably l-oxy-pyridin-2- yl, 2-cyclohexyl ethyl, and isopentyl.
  • R 11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci.galkyl, Ar-CQ-galkyl and Het-Co-galkyl.
  • RU is H.
  • R 2 may suitably be selected from the group consisting of: Cj. galkyl, Ar-Co_6alkyl and Het-C ⁇ -galkyl, preferably O ⁇ .galkyl and Het- Co_6alkyl,
  • R 2 is Ar-CQ-galkyl
  • R 2 is preferably phenyl, especially substituted phenyl, more especially halogen substituted phenyl, even more especially 2-fluorobenzyl.
  • R 2 is Cigalkyl
  • R 2 is preferably selected from 1-propyl, 1-butyl, and 1-pentyl.
  • Het-CQ.galkyl is preferably Het-methyl, and Het in Het-methyl is preferably selected from the group consisting of: pyridinyl, especially pyridin-2-yl, Ci.galkylpyridinyl, especially 6-methyl-pyridin- 2-yl; thiophenyl, especially thiophene-2-yl; benzo [b] thiophen-2-y 1 ; thiazolyl, especially thiazol-4-yl such as isothiazol-3-yl; lH-imidazolyl, especially lH-imidazol-2-yl, Cigalkyl substituted imidazolyl, especially 1-methyl- lH-imidazol-2yl; triazolyl, especially 3H-fl,2,3]triazolyl, more especially 3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl, especially Ci.galkyl substituted 3H-[l,
  • the compounds of embodiment IA have the same uses described throughout this specification for compounds of Formula I.
  • the compounds of embodiment IA may be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions and used in methods of treatment as described for compounds of Formula I throughout this specification.
  • Compounds of Formula I selected from the following group are particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention:
  • 162 5 ,6-Dimethoxy-benzofuran-2-carboxy lie acid- ⁇ (S)- 1 - [ 1 -(2-fluoro- benzenesulphonyl)-3-oxo-azepan-4-ylcarbamoyl]-3-methyl-butyl ⁇ - amide;
  • 181 1 -Methyl- lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid- ⁇ (S)-l-[l-(4-chIoro- benzenesulphonyl)-3-oxo-azepan-4-ylcarbamoyl]-3-methyl-butyl ⁇ - amide; 182 Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid- ⁇ (S)-l-[l-(4-chloro- benzenesulphonyl)-3-oxo-azepan-4-ylcarbamoyl]-3-methyl-butyl ⁇ - amide;
  • Naphthylene-1 -carboxy lie acid ⁇ (S)-2-naphthylen-2-yl-l-[3-oxo-l- (pyridine-2-sulfonyl)-azepan-4-ylcarbamoyl)-ethyl]-amide;
  • 342 Benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-methyl-l- ⁇ 3-oxo-l-[4- fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-methanoyl]-azepan-4- ylcarbamoyl ⁇ -butyl)-amide ; 343 Benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-methyl-l- ⁇ 3-oxo-l-[l- toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-methanoyl]-azepan-4-y lcarbamoyl ⁇ - butyl)-amide;
  • Particularly preferred compounds of embodiment IA are Example Nos. 280 to 381 in the list herein above.
  • the 7 membered ring compounds of the present invention are configurationally more stable at the carbon center alpha to the ketone.
  • the present invention includes deuterated analogs of the inventive compounds. A representative example of such a deuterated compound is set forth in Example 192. A representative synthetic route for the deuterated compounds of the present invention is set forth in Scheme 4, below. The deuterated compounds of the present invention exhibit superior chiral stability compared to the protonated isomer. Where possible the present invention includes quaternary salts of the inventive compounds. A representative example of such a quaternary salt is set forth in Example
  • the present invention includes all hydrates, solvates, complexes and prodrugs of the compounds of this invention.
  • Prodrugs are any covalently bonded compounds which release the active parent drug according to Formula I in vivo. If a chiral center or another form of an isomeric center is present in a compound of the present invention, all forms of such isomer or isomers, including enantiomers and diastereomers, are intended to be covered herein.
  • Inventive compounds containing a chiral center may be used as a racemic mixture, an enantiomerically enriched mixture, or the racemic mixture may be separated using well-known techniques and an individual enantiomer may be used alone.
  • proteases include: cysteine proteases, serine proteases, aspartic proteases, and metalloproteases.
  • the compounds of the present invention are capable of binding more strongly to the enzyme than the substrate and in general are not subject to cleavage after enzyme catalyzed attack by the nucleophile. They therefore competitively prevent proteases from recognizing and hydrolyzing natural substrates and thereby act as inhibitors.
  • amino acid refers to the D- or L- isomers of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine.
  • Ci-galkyl as applied herein is meant to include substituted and unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and t-butyl, pentyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl and hexyl and the simple aliphatic isomers thereof.
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci-galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -galkyl, and Het-
  • C 0 _galkyl; "C3_gcycloalkyl” as applied herein is meant to include substituted and unsubstituted cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane.
  • C 2 _g alkenyl as applied herein means an alkyl group of 2 to 6 carbons wherein a carbon-carbon single bond is replaced by a carbon-carbon double bond.
  • C 2 _galkenyl includes ethylene, 1-propene, 2-propene, 1 -butene, 2-butene, isobutene and the several isomeric pentenes and hexenes. Both cis and trans isomers are included.
  • C 2 .galkynyl means an alkyl group of 2 to 6 carbons wherein one carbon-carbon single bond is replaced by a carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • C _g alkynyl includes acetylene, 1- propyne, 2-propyne, 1-butyne, 2-butyne, 3-butyne and the simple isomers of pentyne and hexyne.
  • Halogen means F, CI, Br, and I.
  • Ar or “aryl” means phenyl or naphthyl, optionally substituted by one or more of Ph-Co-galkyl; Het-C Q -galkyl; Ci-galkoxy; Ph-C Q -galkoxy; Het-C 0 -galkoxy; OH, (CH 2 ) ⁇ _ gNR 15 R 16 ; O(CH 2 ) ⁇ -gNR 15 R 16 ; Ci-galkyl, OR 17 , N(R 17 ) 2 , SR 17 , CF 3 , NO 2 , CN, CO 2 R 17 , CON(R 17 ), F, CI, Br or I; where R 15 and R 16 are H, Cigalkyl, Ph-C 0 -galkyl, naphthyl-C ⁇ -galkyl or Het-Co-galkyl; and R 7 is phenyl, naphthyl, or Ci-galkyl.
  • Het represents a stable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic, a stable 7- to 10-membered bicyclic, or a stable 11- to 18-membered tricyclic heterocyclic ring which is either saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
  • the heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in the creation of a stable structure, and may optionally be substituted with one or two moieties selected from C 0 _gAr, Ci-galkyl, OR 17 , N(R 17 ) , SR 17 , CF 3 , NO 2 , CN, CO 2 R 17 , CON(Rl 7 ), F, CI, Br and I, where R* 7 is phenyl, naphthyl, or C ⁇ _galkyl.
  • heterocycles include piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2- oxopyrrolodinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, pyrrolyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolyl, pyridinyl, 1-oxo-pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolyl, quinuclidinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, benzoxazolyl, furanyl, benzoimid
  • CQ denotes the absence of the substituent group immediately following; for instance, in the moiety ArCg-galkyl, when C is 0, the substituent is Ar, e.g., phenyl. Conversely, when the moiety ArCo-galkyl is identified as a specific aromatic group, e.g., phenyl, it is understood that the value of C is 0.
  • t-Bu refers to the tertiary butyl radical
  • Boc refers to the t-butyloxycarbonyl radical
  • Fmoc refers to the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl radical
  • Ph refers to the phenyl radical
  • Cbz refers to the benzyloxycarbonyl radical.
  • m-CPBA refers to 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid
  • EDC refers to N-ethyl-N'(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide
  • DMF refers to dimethyl formamide
  • DMSO refers to dimethyl sulfoxide
  • TEA triethylamine
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • Epoxidation of 3 with standard oxidizing agents common to the art such as m-CPBA provide the epoxide 4.
  • Nucleophilic epoxide ring opening may be effected with a reagent such as sodium azide to provide the azido alcohol (not shown) which may be reduced to the amino alcohol 5 under conditions common to the art such as 1,3-propanedithiol and triethylamine in methanol or with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on carbon.
  • Acylation of 5 with an acid such as Cbz-leucine in the presence of a coupling agent such as EDC followed by removal of the BOC protecting group under acidic conditions provides the amine salt 6.
  • Coupling of 6 with Cbz-leucine may be effected with a coupling agent such as EDC to provide the intermediate alcohol (not shown) which was oxidized with an oxidant such as pyridine sulfur trioxide complex in DMSO and triethylamine to provide the ketone 7.
  • a coupling agent such as EDC
  • an oxidant such as pyridine sulfur trioxide complex in DMSO and triethylamine
  • Reagents and conditions a.) NaH, 5-bromo-l-pentene, DMF; b.) 2,6-diisopropylphenylimido neophylidene molybenum bis (tert-butoxide) or bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylidine ruthenium (IV) dichloride catalyst, toluene c.) m-CPBA, CH 2 C1 2 ; d.) NaN 3 , CH 3 OH, H 2 0, ⁇ H 4 C1; e.) 10% Pd/C, H 2 , f.) Cbz-leucine, EDC, CH.C1.; g.) HC1, EtOAc; h.) Cbz-leucine, EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; i.) pyridine sulfur trioxide complex, DMSO, TEA.
  • Nucleophilic epoxide ring opening may be effected with a reagent such as sodium azide to provide the azido alcohol (not shown) which may be reduced to the amino alcohol 12 with a reducing agent such as propanedithiol in the presence of triethylamine.
  • a reducing agent such as propanedithiol in the presence of triethylamine.
  • Acylation of 12 with N-Boc- leucine and a coupling agent such as EDC followed by removal of the Cbz protecting group under hydrogenolysis conditions provides the amine 13.
  • Coupling of 13 with a carboxylic acid was effected with a coupling agent such as EDC followed by removal of the acid labile N-Boc protecting group with an acid such as HC1 or TFA provides intermediate 14.
  • Acylation of 14 may be effected with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a coupling agent common to the art such as EDC to give the intermediate alcohol (not shown) which is oxidized with an oxidant such as pyridine sulfur trioxide complex in DMSO and triethylamine to provide the ketone 15.
  • a coupling agent common to the art such as EDC to give the intermediate alcohol (not shown) which is oxidized with an oxidant such as pyridine sulfur trioxide complex in DMSO and triethylamine to provide the ketone 15.
  • Reagents and conditions a.) NaH, 5-bromo-l-pentene, DMF; b.) bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylidine ruthenium (IV) dichloride catalyst, CH 2 C1 2 ; c.) m-CPBA, CH 2 C1 2 ; d.) NaN 3 , CH 3 OH, H 2 0, NH 4 C1; e.) propanedithiol, CH 3 OH, TEA; f.) Boc-leucine, EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; g.) 10% Pd/C, H 2 ; h.) R,C0 2 H, EDC, CH 2 C1 2 or R.COC1, CH 2 C1 2 ; i.) HC1/ EtOAc; j.) R.CCgH, EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; k.) pyridine sulfur trioxide complex, DMSO, TEA.
  • amine 13 treatment of amine 13 with an isocyanate followed by deprotection of the N-Boc group provides the amine salt 18.
  • Acylation and oxidation provides the ketone 19.
  • Further derivatization of amine 13 may be effected by treatment with a sulphonyl chloride followed by deprotection of the N-Boc group to provide the amine salt 20.
  • Acylation and oxidation provides the ketone 21.
  • Reagents and conditions a.) R,CHO, NaBH(OAc) 3 ; b.) HCl; c.) R j CO.H, EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; d.) pyridine sulfur trioxide complex, DMSO, TEA; e.) R,NCO, base; f.) R,S0 2 C1, TEA, CH 2 C1 2 .
  • the deuterated compound of the Example 192 may be conveniently prepared according to Scheme 4. The skilled artisan will understand from Example 192 and Scheme 4 how to make any of the the deuterated compounds of the present invention.
  • Reagents and Conditions a.) NaH, 5-bromo-l-pentene, DMF; b.) bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylidine ruthenium (IV) dichloride, CH 2 C1 2 ; c.) m-CPBA, CH 2 C1 2 ; d.) NaN 3 , CH 3 OH, H 2 0, NH 4 C1; e.) 1,3-propanedithiol, TEA, methanol; f.) N-Boc-leucine, EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; g.) 10% Pd/C, H 2 ; h.) 2-pyridinesulphonyl chloride, TEA, CH 2 C1 2 ; i.) 4 N HCl/dioxane, methanol; j.) benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid, EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; k.) pyridine sulfur trioxide complex,
  • the intermediate azido alcohol may be reduced to the amino alcohol 26 under conditions common to the art such as 1,3-propanedithiol and triethylamine in methanol or with triphenylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran and water.
  • Acylation of 26 may be effected with an acid such as N-Boc-leucine in the presence of a coupling agent such as EDC.
  • EDC a coupling agent
  • Removal of the benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group with hydrogen gas in the presence of 10% Pd/C provides the amine 27.
  • Alcohol 29 may be oxidized with an oxidant such as sulfur trioxide pyridine complex in DMSO and triethylamine to provide the ketone 30 as a mixture of diastereomers.
  • an oxidant such as sulfur trioxide pyridine complex in DMSO and triethylamine
  • Treatment of ketone 30 with triethylamine in CD 3 OD:D 2 O at reflux provides the deuterated analog as a mixture of diastereomers which are separated by HPLC to provide the deuterated compounds 31 and 32.
  • Removal of the tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group may be effected with an acid such as hydrochloric acid to provide intermediate 36.
  • Coupling of 36 with an acid such as N-Boc-cyclohexylalanine in the presence of a coupling agent common to the art such as HBTU or polymer supported EDC provides the alcohol intermediate 37.
  • Removal of the tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group under acidic conditions provides amine 38.
  • Coupling of 38 with an acid such as benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid in the presence of a coupling agent such as HBTU or polymer supported EDC provides alcohol 39.
  • Alcohol 39 may be oxidized with an oxidant common to the art such as pyridine sulfur trioxide complex in DMSO and triethylamine or the Dess- Martin periodinane to provide the ketone 40.
  • Reagents and Conditions (a) Di-terf-butyldicarbonate, THF; (b) H., 10% Pd/C, EtOAc; (c) 2- pyridylsulfonyl chloride, TEA ; (d) HCl, EtOAc; (e) N-Boc-cylohexylalanine, P-EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; (f) HCl, CH 2 C1 2 ; (g) benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid, P-EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; (h) Dess-Martin periodinane, methylene chloride.
  • the quaternized, 4-amino-azepan-3-one compounds of the present invention may be conveniently prepared according to Scheme 6.
  • the skilled artisan will understand from Scheme 6 how to make any of the quaternized, 4-amino-azepan-3-one compounds of the present invention.
  • Reductive amination of 13 may be effected by treatment with an aldehyde followed by a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Subsequent deprotection of the N-Boc group under acidic conditions provides the amine salt 16.
  • Reagents and conditions a.) R,CHO, NaBH(OAc) 3 ; b.) HCl; c.) P ⁇ CO-H, EDC, CH 2 C1 2 ; d.) pyridine sulfur trioxide complex, DMSO, TEA; e.) iodomethane
  • amino protecting groups generally refers to the Boc, acetyl, benzoyl, Fmoc and Cbz groups and derivatives thereof as known to the art. Methods for protection and deprotection, and replacement of an amino protecting group with another moiety are well known.
  • Acid addition salts of the compounds of Formula I are prepared in a standard manner in a suitable solvent from the parent compound and an excess of an acid, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydrofluoric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, trifluoroacetic, maleic, succinic or methanesulfonic. Certain of the compounds form inner salts or zwitterions which may be acceptable.
  • Cationic salts are prepared by treating the parent compound with an excess of an alkaline reagent, such as a hydroxide, carbonate or alkoxide, containing the appropriate cation; or with an appropriate organic amine.
  • Cations such as Li + , Na + , K + , Ca ++ , Mg ++ and NH-J+ are specific examples of cations present in pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Halides, sulfate, phosphate, alkanoates (such as acetate and trifluoroacetate), benzoates, and sulfonates (such as mesylate) are examples of anions present in pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Quaternary ammonium salts are prepared by treating a parent amine compound with an excess of alkyl halide, such as methyl iodide.
  • This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound according to Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • the compounds of Formula I may be used in the manufacture of a medicament.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds of Formula I prepared as hereinbefore described may be formulated as solutions or lyophilized powders for parenteral administration. Powders may be reconstituted by addition of a suitable diluent or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier prior to use.
  • the liquid formulation may be a buffered, isotonic, aqueous solution. Examples of suitable diluents are normal isotonic saline solution, standard 5% dextrose in water or buffered sodium or ammonium acetate solution.
  • Such formulation is especially suitable for parenteral administration, but may also be used for oral administration or contained in a metered dose inhaler or nebulizer for insufflation. It may be desirable to add excipients such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, hydroxy cellulose, acacia, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sodium chloride or sodium citrate.
  • these compounds may be encapsulated, tableted or prepared in an emulsion or syrup for oral administration.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable solid or liquid carriers may be added to enhance or stabilize the composition, or to facilitate preparation of the composition.
  • Solid carriers include starch, lactose, calcium sulfate dihydrate, terra alba, magnesium stearate or stearic acid, talc, pectin, acacia, agar or gelatin.
  • Liquid carriers include syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, saline and water.
  • the carrier may also include a sustained release material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or with a wax.
  • the amount of solid carrier varies but, preferably, will be between about 20 mg to about 1 g per dosage unit.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations are made following the conventional techniques of pharmacy involving milling, mixing, granulating, and compressing, when necessary, for tablet forms; or milling, mixing and filling for hard gelatin capsule forms.
  • a liquid carrier When a liquid carrier is used, the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, elixir, emulsion or an aqueous or non-aqueous suspension.
  • Such a liquid formulation may be administered directly p.o. or filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be combined with excipients such as cocoa butter, glycerin, gelatin or polyethylene glycols and molded into a suppository.
  • RI is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci.galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_galkyl, Ar- C 0 - 6 alkyl, Het-C 0 -6alkyl, R 9 C(O)-, R C(S)-, R 9 SO 2 -, R 9 OC(O)-,
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci-galkyl, C3-gcycloalkyl- C ⁇ -6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, HetC ⁇ -6alkyl and ArC ⁇ -6alkyl;
  • R3 and R' may be connected to form a pyrrolidine, piperidine or morpholine ring;
  • R4 is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci.galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl- Co-galkyl, Ar-C 0 .galkyl, Het-C 0 .galkyl, R 5 C(O)-, R 5 C(S)-, R 5 SO 2 -, R 5 OC(O)-, R 5 R 12 NC(O)-, and R 5 R 12 NC(S)-;
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of: H, C -galkyl, C 2 -galkenyl,
  • R° is selected from the group consisting of: H, C -galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6 a -kyl, or Het- C 0 . 6 alkyl;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci.galkyl, C3-gcycloalkyl- C 0 .galkyl, Ar-C 0 -galkyl, Het-C 0 _galkyl, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 C(S)-, R 10 SO 2 -, R 10 OC(O)-, R 10 R 13 NC(O)-, and R 10 Rl NC(S)-;
  • R° is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci-galkyl, C 2 -galkenyl, C 2 -galkynyl, HetC ⁇ -6alkyl and ArC ⁇ -6alkyl;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: Ci.galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co_galkyl, Ar-Co-galkyl and Het-Co-galkyl;
  • R i O is independently selected from the group consisting of: C ⁇ -galkyl, C3-gcycloalkyl-Co-galkyl, Ar-Co-galkyl and Het-Co-galkyl;
  • RU is selected from the group consisting of: H, C ⁇ -galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6 a -kyl, and Het- Co-galkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j -galkyl, Ar- )-6alkyl, and Het- Co-galkyl;
  • Rl3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j -galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6alkyl, and Het- Co-galkyl;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j -galkyl, Ar- )-6alkyl, and Het- C 0 -galkyl;
  • R" is selected from the group consisting of: H, C j -galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6alkyl, or Het-
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci.galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl- Co-galkyl, Ar-Co-galkyl, and Het-Co-galkyl;
  • R" is selected from the group consisting of: Ci-galkyl, C3-gcycloalkyl-Co_galkyl C 2 -6alkenyl, C 2 .galkynyl, HetCQ-galkyl and ArCo-galkyl; n is an integer of from 1 to 5; and salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
  • the present invention includes the novel intermediates of Formula IIA:
  • RI is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: C galkyl, Ar-Co_galkyl, Het- Co-galkyl, R 9 C(O , R 9 SO 2 -, R 9 R ⁇ NC(O)-, and R SO 2 R ⁇ NC(O)-;
  • R3 is selected from the group consisting of: Ci -galkyl, C3-gcycloalkyl-C ⁇ -6alkyl,
  • R 3 and R' may be connected to form a pyrrolidine, piperidine or morpholine ring;
  • R 4 is R 5 C(O)-;
  • R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of : Ci .galkyl and Het-CQ.galkyl, preferably Het-Co-galkyl;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: C ⁇ -galkyl, C3_gcycloalkyl-Co-galkyl, Ar-C Q -galkyl and Het-CQ-galkyl;
  • RU is selected from the group consisting of: H, Ci-galkyl, Ar-C ⁇ -galkyl and Het- C Q -galkyl, preferably H; R' is H; !
  • R" is H
  • R'" is selected from the group consisting of: H and C ⁇ -galkyl, preferably H;
  • R"" is selected from the group consisting of: Ci-galkyl, C3-gcycloalkyl-CQ.galkyl, C 2 _galkenyl, C 2 -galkynyl, HetCo-galkyl and ArCQ-galkyl, preferably Ci-galkyl; and
  • n is an integer from 1 to 5, preferably n is 3; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
  • the present invention provides a process for the synthesis of compounds of Formula (I) comprising the step of oxidizing the appropriate compound of Formula (II) with an oxidant to provide the compound of Formula (I) as a mixture of diastereomers.
  • the oxidant is sulfur trioxide pyridine complex in DMSO and triethylamine.
  • the present invention also provides a process for the synthesis of deuterated compounds of Formula (I). Specifically, when a deuterated isomer is desired, an additional step, following the oxidation step, of deuterating the protonated isomer with a deuterating agent to provide the deuterated compound of Formula (I) as a mixture of diastereomers is added to the synthesis.
  • the deuterating agent is CD 3 OD:D 2 O (10:1) in triethylamine.
  • the process further comprises the step of separating the diasteromers of Formula
  • the present invention also provides a process for the synthesis of quaternary salts of the 4-amino-azepan-3-one compounds of Formula (I).
  • the compounds of Formula I are useful as protease inhibitors, particularly as inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteases, more particularly as inhibitors of cysteine proteases, even more particularly as inhibitors of cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily, yet more particularly as inhibitors of cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family, most particularly as inhibitors of cathepsin K.
  • the present invention also provides useful compositions and formulations of said compounds, including pharmaceutical compositions and formulations of said compounds.
  • the present compounds are useful for treating diseases in which cysteine proteases are implicated, including infections by pneumocystis carinii, trypsanoma cruzi, trypsanoma brucei, and Crithidia fusiculata; as well as in schistosomiasis, malaria, tumor metastasis, metachromatic leukodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, amy trophy; and especially diseases in which cathepsin K is implicated, most particularly diseases of excessive bone or cartilage loss, including osteoporosis, gingival disease including gingivitis and periodontitis, arthritis, more specifically, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease; hypercalcemia of malignancy, and metabolic bone disease.
  • Metastatic neoplastic cells also typically express high levels of proteolytic enzymes that degrade the surrounding matrix, and certain tumors and metastatic neoplasias may be effectively treated with the compounds of this invention.
  • the present invention also provides methods of treatment of diseases caused by pathological levels of proteases, particularly cysteine and serine proteases, more particularly cysteine proteases, even more particularly cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily, yet more particularly cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family, which methods comprise administering to an animal, particularly a mammal, most particularly a human in need thereof a compound of the present invention.
  • the present invention especially provides methods of treatment of diseases caused by pathological levels of cathepsin K, which methods comprise administering to an animal, particularly a mammal, most particularly a human in need thereof an inhibitor of cathepsin K, including a compound of the present invention.
  • the present invention particularly provides methods for treating diseases in which cysteine proteases are implicated, including infections by pneumocystis carinii, trypsanoma cruzi, trypsanoma brucei, and Crithidia fusiculata; as well as in schistosomiasis, malaria, tumor metastasis, metachromatic leukodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, amytrophy, and especially diseases in which cathepsin K is implicated, most particularly diseases of excessive bone or cartilage loss, including osteoporosis, gingival disease including gingivitis and periodontitis, arthritis, more specifically, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and metabolic bone disease.
  • diseases in which cysteine proteases are implicated, including infections by pneumocystis carinii, trypsanoma cruzi, trypsanoma brucei, and Crithidia fusiculata;
  • This invention further provides a method for treating osteoporosis or inhibiting bone loss which comprises internal administration to a patient of an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, alone or in combination with other inhibitors of bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates (i.e., allendronate), hormone replacement therapy, anti-estrogens, or calcitonin.
  • a compound of Formula I alone or in combination with other inhibitors of bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates (i.e., allendronate), hormone replacement therapy, anti-estrogens, or calcitonin.
  • treatment with a compound of this invention and an anabolic agent, such as bone morphogenic protein, iproflavone may be used to prevent bone loss or to increase bone mass.
  • parenteral administration of a compound of Formula I is preferred.
  • the parenteral dose will be about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg; preferably between 0.1 and 20 mg kg, in a manner to maintain the concentration of drug in the plasma at a concentration effective to inhibit cathepsin K.
  • the compounds are administered one to four times daily at a level to achieve a total daily dose of about 0.4 to about 400 mg/kg/day.
  • the precise amount of an inventive compound which is therapeutically effective, and the route by which such compound is best administered, is readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art by comparing the blood level of the agent to the concentration required to have a therapeutic effect.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be administered orally to the patient, in a manner such that the concentration of drug is sufficient to inhibit bone resorption or to achieve any other therapeutic indication as disclosed herein.
  • a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound is administered at an oral dose of between about 0.1 to about 50 mg/kg in a manner consistent with the condition of the patient.
  • the oral dose would be about 0.5 to about 20 mg/kg. No unacceptable toxicological effects are expected when compounds of the present invention are administered in accordance with the present invention.
  • Biological Assays The compounds of this invention may be tested in one of several biological assays to determine the concentration of compound which is required to have a given pharmacological effect.
  • Sufficient magnetic beads (5 / mononuclear cell), coated with goat anti-mouse IgG, were removed from their stock bottle and placed into 5 mL of fresh medium (this washes away the toxic azide preservative). The medium was removed by immobilizing the beads on a magnet and is replaced with fresh medium.
  • the beads were mixed with the cells and the suspension was incubated for 30 min on ice. The suspension was mixed frequently. The bead-coated cells were immobilized on a magnet and the remaining cells (osteoclast-rich fraction) were decanted into a sterile 50 mL centrifuge tube. Fresh medium was added to the bead-coated cells to dislodge any trapped osteoclasts. This wash process was repeated xlO. The bead-coated cells were discarded. The osteoclasts were enumerated in a counting chamber, using a large-bore disposable plastic pasteur pipette to charge the chamber with the sample.
  • the cells were pelleted by centrifugation and the density of osteoclasts adjusted to 1.5xl ⁇ 4/mL in EMEM medium, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 1.7g/litre of sodium bicarbonate. 3 mL aliquots of the cell suspension ( per treatment) were decanted into 15 mL centrifuge tubes. These cells were pelleted by centrifugation. To each tube 3 mL of the appropriate treatment was added (diluted to 50 uM in the EMEM medium). Also included were appropriate vehicle controls, a positive control (87MEM1 diluted to 100 ug/mL) and an isotype control (IgG2a diluted to 100 ug/mL).
  • the tubes were incubate at 37°C for 30 min. 0.5 mL aliquots of the cells were seeded onto sterile dentine slices in a 48-well plate and incubated at 37°C for 2 h. Each treatment was screened in quadruplicate. The slices were washed in six changes of warm PBS (10 mL / well in a 6-well plate) and then placed into fresh treatment or control and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. The slices were then washed in phosphate buffered saline and fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde (in 0.2M sodium cacodylate) for 5 min., following which they were washed in water and incubated in buffer for 5 min at 37°C. The slices were then washed in cold water and incubated in cold acetate buffer / fast red garnet for 5 min at 4°C. Excess buffer was aspirated, and the slices were air dried following a wash in water.
  • the TRAP positive osteoclasts were enumerated by bright-field microscopy and were then removed from the surface of the dentine by sonication. Pit volumes were determined using the Nikon/Lasertec ILM21W confocal microscope.
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded at either 250 or 400 MHz using, respectively, a Bruker AM 250 or Bruker AC 400 spectrometer.
  • CDCI3 is deuteriochloroform
  • DMSO-dg is hexadeuteriodimethylsulfoxide
  • CD3OD is tetradeuteriomethanol. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (d) downfield from the internal standard tetramethylsilane.
  • diastereomer 1 MS (El) 623 (M+H+), 645 (M+Na+) and diastereomer 2: MS (ES) 623 (M+H+), 645 (M+Na+).
  • Example 4a Following the general procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 4a the title compound was prepared: 476 MS(EI): 492 (M+H + ,100%). The diastereomers were separated by preparative scale HPLC. Lyophilisation of the eluents provided diastereomer 1: MS (El) 476.4 (M+H+), 951.6 (M+H+) and diastereomer 2: MS (El) 476.4 (M+H+), 951.6 2M+H+).
  • diastereomers were separated by preparative scale HPLC. Lyophilisation of the eluents provided diastereomer 1: MS (El) 492.4 (M+H+), 983 J 2M+H+) and diastereomer 2: MS (El) 492.4 (M+H+), 983.7 2M+H+).
  • Example 6a Following the general procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 6a the title compound was prepared: : ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 ( m, 5H), 2.2 ( m, 2H), 2.7 (m, IH), 3.0 (dd, IH). 3.3 (m, IH), 3.6 (m, 2H), 3.7 ( m, IH),
  • Example 7a Following the general procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 7a the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 ( m, 5H), 2.2 ( m, 2H), 2.9 (m, IH), 3.2 (dd, IH). 3.4 (m, IH), 3.7 (m, 2H), 4.7 ( m, IH), 5.2 ( m, IH), 7.2-8.4 (m, 11H); MS(EI): 487 (M+H ⁇ 100%). The diastereomers were separated by preparative scale HPLC.
  • Example 8a Following the general procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 8a the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 ( m, 5H), 2.2 ( m, 2H), 2.9 (m, IH), 3.2 (dd, IH). 3.4 (m, IH), 3.7 (m, 2H), 4.7 ( m, 2H), 5.2 ( m, IH), 7.2-8.4 (m, 8H); MS(EI): 504 (M + ,100%) .
  • Example 9b the title compound was prepared: MS(EI) 594 (M+H + ).
  • MS(EI) 594 (M+H + ).
  • Example 10a the title compound was prepared: MS(EI) 477 (M+H+).
  • Example 10b the title compound was prepared: MS(EI) 632 (M+H+).
  • Example 10c the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 12H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 10H), 2.2 ( m, 4H), 2.9 (m, IH), 3.4 ( M, 2H). 3.7 (m, IH), 4.7 ( m, 2H), 5.2 ( m, 3H), 7.2 (m, 4H), 7.5 (m, IH), 7.6 (m, IH), 7.7 (m, IH), 8.1 (m, IH), 8.2 (m, 2H), 8.5 (m, IH); MS(EI): 630 (M+H + ,100%) .
  • Example 2j Following the procedure of Example 2j except substituting the compound of Example 1 lb for the compound of Example 2j and piperonylic acid for 2-naphthoic acid the title compound was prepared: MS(EI) 496 (M+H+).
  • Example 12a Following the procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 12a the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDCL): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 5H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.7 (m, IH), 3.0 (dd, IH). 3.6 (m, IH), 4.0 (m, 2H), 4.7 ( m, IH), 5.2 ( m, IH), 7.2-8.4 (m, 9H); MS(EI): 468 (M+H + , 10%).
  • Example 13a the title compound was prepared: MS(EI) 342 (M+H+). c.) 3-Hydroxy-4-((S)-4-methyl-2- ⁇ [5-(2-morpholino-4-yl-ethoxy)-benzofuran-2- carbonyl] amino ⁇ -pentanoylamino)- 1 -(4-methyl-pentanoyl)-azepanium
  • Example 14c Following the procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 14c the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 5H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.4 (m, IH), 2.7 (m, 4H), 2.8 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, IH), 3.8 (m, 4H), 4.0 (m, IH), 4.1 (m, 2H), 4.4 (m, IH), 4.5 (m, IH), 4.7 (m, IH), 5.1 ( m, IH), 7.0 (m, 3H), 7.3 (m, 2H), 7.5 (m, 3H), 7.7 (m, 2H): MS(EI): 655 (M+H ⁇ 100%) .
  • Example 9b the title compound was prepared: MS(EI) 712 (M+H + ).
  • Example 16c the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 ( m, 5H), 2.2 ( m, 2H), 2.7 (m, 4H), 2.8 (m, 2H), 2.9 (m, IH), 3.5 (m, IH), 3.7 (m, 4H), 3.9 (m, 3H), 4.3 (m, 2H), 4.7 (m, 2H), 5.4 ( m, IH), 7.2-8.0 (m, 13H), 8.5 (m, IH); MS(EI): 710 (M+H ⁇ 100%) MS(EI).
  • Example 18a Following the procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 18a the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDCl.): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 9H), 2.2 ( m, 2H), 2.5 (m, IH), 2.7 (m, 4H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 3.4 (m, IH), 4.0 (m, IH), 4.1 (m, 2H), 4.5 (m, IH), 4.6 (m, IH), 5.0 ( m, IH), 7.2-8.4 (m, 11H): MS(EI): 639 (M+H + ,100%) .
  • Example 18a Following the procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 18a the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 11H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 5H), 2.7 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, IH), 4.0 (m, IH), 4.1 (m, 2H), 4.5 (m, IH), 4.6 (m, IH), 5.0 (m, IH), 7.2-8.4 (m, 11H): MS(EI): 653 (M+H + ,100%) .
  • Example 20a To a solution of 5-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyloxy)benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid methoxy methyl amide (0.2 g) of Example 20a in THF was added LAH (2.0 mL of a 1 M solution in THF). The reaction was stirred until complete consumption of the starting material. Workup gave 160 mg of the title compound.
  • the diastereomeric mixture was separated by HPLC to provide the faster eluting diastereoemer; MS(EI): 696 (M+H ⁇ 100%), and the slower eluting diastereomer; MS(EI): 696 (M+H + , 100%).
  • Example 21b Following the procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 21b the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 6H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.9 (m, 4H), 3.0 (m, IH), 3.4 (d, IH). 3.5 (m, IH), 4.7 ( m, IH), 5.0 ( m, IH), 6.8-7.2 (m, 6H), 7.3 (m, IH), 7.5 (m, 2H), 7.9 ( m, 6H), 8.2 (M, IH), 8.7 (m, IH): MS(EI):577 (M+H + ,100%) .
  • Example 22b the title compound was prepared: : ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-
  • Example 24b Following the procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 24b the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDCL): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 5H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.6 (m, IH), 3.5 (d, IH). 4.1 (m, IH), 4.7 ( m, 2H), 5.0 ( m, IH), 7.2-7.2 (m, 10H).
  • the diastereomeric mixture was separated by HPLC to provide the faster eluting diastereoemer; MS(EI): 656 (M+H + ,100%), and the slower eluting diastereomer; MS(EI): 656 (M+IT,100%).
  • the diastereomeric mixture was separated by HPLC to provide the faster eluting diastereoemer; MS(EI): 619 (M+H + ,100%), and the slower eluting diastereomer; MS(EI): 619 (M+H ⁇ 100%).
  • Example 29a Following the procedure of Example li except substituting the compound of Example 29a the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDCL): ⁇ 1.0 ( m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 5H), 2.2 ( m, 2H), 2.7 (m, IH), 3.7 (dd, IH). 4.0 (m, IH), 4.7 ( m, 2H), 5.0 ( m, IH), 7.2-7.3 (m, 2H), 7.5 (m, 3H), 7.9 (m, 6H), 8.3 ( m, IH), 8.4 (m, IH); MS(EI): 537 (M+H ⁇ 50%).
  • the diastereomeric mixture was separated by HPLC to provide the faster eluting diastereoemer; MS(EI): 537 (M+H ⁇ 100%), and the slower eluting diastereomer; MS(EI): 537 (M+IT, 100%).
  • Example 31a the title compound was prepared.
  • Example 31b the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDCL): ⁇ 1.0 (m, 6H), 1.5 (m, 9H), 1.7 (m, 5H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 5H), 2.7 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m , IH). 3.8 (m, 4H), 4.1 (m, 3H), 4.2 (m, IH), 4.7 (m, 2H), 5.0 (m, IH), 7.2-7.3 (m, 5H); MS(EI): 615 (M+H ⁇ 100%) .
  • Example 33b the title compound was prepared: MS(EI) 424 (M+H + ).
  • Example 33c the title compound was prepared: ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 1.0 (m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 5H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.7 (m, IH), 2.9 (m, IH), 3.5 (m, IH), 3.7 (m, 2H), 4.1 (m, 3H), 4.6 (m, IH), 5.3 (m, IH), 7.2-8.0 (m, 7H), 8.7 (m, IH); MS(EI): 422 (M+H ⁇ 100%) .
  • Example 34 Example 34
  • Example 34e the title compound was prepared: MS(EI) 679 (M+H+).
  • Example 34f the title compound was prepared: : ⁇ NMR (CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 1.0 (m, 6H), 1.5-2.2 (m, 16H), 2.7 (m, IH), 3.2 (m, IH). 3.1 (m, 3H), 4.0 (m, IH), 4.7 (m, 2H), 5.2 (m, IH), 7.2-7.3 (m, 16H), 8.6 (m, IH); MS(EI): 677 (M+H + ,100%) .

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des inhibiteurs de protéases à base de 4-amino-azépan-3-one et des sels, hydrates et solvates pharmaceutiquement acceptables de ceux-ci, qui inhibent des protéases, y compris la cathepsine K ; des compositions pharmaceutiques renfermant ces composés, de nouveaux produits intermédiaires contenant ces composés et des méthodes de traitement de maladies impliquant une perte osseuse excessive ou une dégradation matricielle ou cartilagineuse, y compris l'ostéoporose ; des affections des gencives, y compris la gingivite et la parodontite; l'arthrite, plus spécifiquement, l'ostéoarthrite et la polyarthite rhumatoïde ; la maladie de Paget ; une hypercalcémie de tumeur maligne ; et des maladies osseuses métaboliques. Ces méthodes de traitement comprennent une inhibition de la perte osseuse ou d'une dégradation cartilagineuse ou matricielle par l'administration, à un patient nécessitant un tel traitement, d'un composé de l'invention.
EP01946344A 2000-06-14 2001-06-14 Inhibiteurs de proteases Withdrawn EP1307204A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59384500A 2000-06-14 2000-06-14
US593845 2000-06-14
PCT/US2001/019062 WO2001095911A1 (fr) 2000-06-14 2001-06-14 Inhibiteurs de proteases

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Families Citing this family (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1231922A4 (fr) * 1999-11-10 2004-06-23 Smithkline Beecham Corp Inhibiteurs de protease
EP1231921A4 (fr) * 1999-11-10 2004-06-23 Smithkline Beecham Corp Inhibiteurs de proteases
PL366232A1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2005-01-24 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Protease inhibitors
JP4155351B2 (ja) 2001-02-20 2008-09-24 中外製薬株式会社 代謝調節剤として有用なマロニル−ＣｏＡ脱炭酸酵素阻害剤としてのアゾール
US7709510B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2010-05-04 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Azoles as malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors useful as metabolic modulators
JP2004527575A (ja) * 2001-05-17 2004-09-09 スミスクライン・ビーチャム・コーポレイション プロテアーゼ阻害物質
EP2208495B1 (fr) 2003-08-01 2011-12-14 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Composes azole a base de cyanoguanidine-utilises comme inhibiteurs de malonyl-coa decarboxylase
US7696365B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2010-04-13 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Heterocyclic compounds useful as malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors
ATE400272T1 (de) 2003-08-01 2008-07-15 Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Piperidin-verbindungen als malonyl-coa decarboxylase-hemmer
WO2009087379A2 (fr) 2008-01-09 2009-07-16 Amura Therapeutics Limited Composés
CN103275070A (zh) * 2013-05-10 2013-09-04 郑彪 调节单核细胞增殖的四环化合物及其应用
US9427441B2 (en) 2014-02-19 2016-08-30 Indiana University Research And Technology Corporation Targeting primary cilia to treat glaucoma

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WO1998005336A1 (fr) * 1996-08-08 1998-02-12 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de la protease a cysteine
WO2001034565A2 (fr) * 1999-11-10 2001-05-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de protease
WO2001034158A1 (fr) * 1999-11-10 2001-05-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de proteases
WO2002017924A1 (fr) * 2000-09-01 2002-03-07 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Procede de traitement
WO2002092563A2 (fr) * 2001-05-17 2002-11-21 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de protease
WO2003053331A2 (fr) * 2000-11-22 2003-07-03 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de la protease

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CZ20012277A3 (cs) * 1998-12-23 2001-11-14 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibitory proteázy

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WO1998005336A1 (fr) * 1996-08-08 1998-02-12 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de la protease a cysteine
WO2001034565A2 (fr) * 1999-11-10 2001-05-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de protease
WO2001034158A1 (fr) * 1999-11-10 2001-05-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de proteases
WO2002017924A1 (fr) * 2000-09-01 2002-03-07 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Procede de traitement
WO2003053331A2 (fr) * 2000-11-22 2003-07-03 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de la protease
WO2002092563A2 (fr) * 2001-05-17 2002-11-21 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Inhibiteurs de protease

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VEBER, DANIEL F. ET AL: "The role of conformational constraint in improved oral bioavailability of cathepsin K inhibitors" PEPTIDES 2000, PROCEEDINGS OF THE EUROPEAN PEPTIDE SYMPOSIUM, 26TH, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, SEPT. 10-15, 2000 ( 2001 ), MEETING DATE 2000, 113-114. EDITOR(S): MARTINEZ, JEAN;FEHRENTZ, JEAN-ALAIN. PUBLISHER: EDITIONS EDK, PARIS, FR. , XP009028910 *

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IL153421A0 (en) 2003-07-06
AU2001268407A1 (en) 2001-12-24
OA12288A (en) 2003-12-12
AP2002002671A0 (en) 2002-12-31
NZ522965A (en) 2004-06-25
SK17592002A3 (sk) 2003-05-02
AR032622A1 (es) 2003-11-19
NO20025786L (no) 2003-02-12
JP2004503502A (ja) 2004-02-05
WO2001095911A1 (fr) 2001-12-20
CN1444481A (zh) 2003-09-24
ECSP024388A (es) 2003-02-06
ZA200209808B (en) 2004-07-09
PE20011374A1 (es) 2002-04-07
CZ20024086A3 (cs) 2003-05-14
PL360508A1 (en) 2004-09-06
MXPA02012442A (es) 2003-04-25
MA25758A1 (fr) 2003-04-01
BG107327A (bg) 2003-07-31
CA2412353A1 (fr) 2001-12-20
BR0111693A (pt) 2004-04-06
HUP0301231A2 (hu) 2003-08-28
KR20030008220A (ko) 2003-01-24
NO20025786D0 (no) 2002-12-02
EP1307204A4 (fr) 2004-06-02
EA200300018A1 (ru) 2003-06-26

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