EP1306643A1 - Optischer Zünder mit niedriger Energie - Google Patents

Optischer Zünder mit niedriger Energie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1306643A1
EP1306643A1 EP02292357A EP02292357A EP1306643A1 EP 1306643 A1 EP1306643 A1 EP 1306643A1 EP 02292357 A EP02292357 A EP 02292357A EP 02292357 A EP02292357 A EP 02292357A EP 1306643 A1 EP1306643 A1 EP 1306643A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
ignition
detonator
explosive
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02292357A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1306643B1 (de
Inventor
Henry Moulard
Augustre Ritter
Jean-Marie Brodbeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut Franco Allemand de Recherches de Saint Louis ISL
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Institut Franco Allemand de Recherches de Saint Louis ISL
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Publication of EP1306643A1 publication Critical patent/EP1306643A1/de
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Publication of EP1306643B1 publication Critical patent/EP1306643B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to optical detonators low energy in which priming is achieved by a laser source that can be, for example a diode laser.
  • a detonator is a device designed to prime detonation an external load of secondary explosive downstream; for this, any detonator contains a small amount of secondary explosive (100 mg to 1 g) which must be brought into detonation (at least) in its terminal part from the energy supplied to the entry of the detonator by an external source.
  • the optical detonator is of the type comprising a secondary explosive arranged in a cavity, an optical fiber connected by a first end to a source of laser radiation, and a optical focusing interface located between the other end of the optical fiber and the secondary explosive and adapted to transmit laser radiation to the secondary explosive.
  • secondary explosives are called relatively insensitive explosives, as opposed to primary explosives, eg lead azide, who are very sensitive and therefore dangerous.
  • the light energy of the laser radiation from a solid laser source in relaxed mode or a quasi-continuous laser diode is used. limited space of 1 cm 3 ) via an optical fiber to ignite the charged secondary explosive at the optical interface.
  • optical detonators compared electric detonators in which the substance explosive near the input interface is in contact intimate and permanent with an electrical wire resistive heating up when passing through it a electrical current and transmitting its heat through thermal conduction to the explosive substance that the coating but can be activated accidentally by unexpected electrostatic discharges or induced currents due to radiation electromagnetic parasites.
  • the state of the technique teaches to optically boost the explosive secondary, ie to mix with this explosive secondary (particle size close to 3 ⁇ m) between 1 and 3% by weight of ultrafine carbon black (from a particle size between 50 and 200 nm) which absorbs laser light.
  • the laser energy threshold is lowered ignition, which ensures ignition thermal of the explosive composition even with laser diodes that deliver a nominal power of one watt for 10 milliseconds.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion of secondary explosive crystals organic is a lot higher (between 3 and 7 times) than materials used for the construction of the detonator (silica optical interface, stainless steel or inconel loading body). Also, during the release constraints resulting from thermal shocks, cracks appear in the explosive composition compressed in the vicinity of the optical interface and the distribution of carbon black in the composition explosive is no longer homogeneous. Consequently, the secondary explosive is no longer sufficiently coated carbon black, which suddenly increases the energy threshold and reduces the efficiency of optical doping.
  • the problem is to realize an optical detonator low energy whose effectiveness of the device ignition is reliable and high, especially when a such detonator is intended for use in severe environments.
  • a layer of ignition powder is disposed in the cavity of the optical detonator of the aforementioned type, between the secondary explosive and the optical focusing interface.
  • propellant powders are usually used in large quantities - a 120 mm barrel uses about 8 kg of propellant powder in a 10 liter chamber - and ignition of combustion such a large volume is difficult and makes it necessary the use of an igniter containing a powder ignition.
  • Inflammators used to ignite powders propulsive are electrical igniters in which the ignition powder is ignited by thermal conduction of the heat released by the wires electric, the start of the chemical reaction between the oxidizing body and the reducing body being obtained when a very small amount of the ignition powder has reached the critical temperature of starting this reaction (typically 400 ° C).
  • the combustion of the ignition powders used in the electrical igniters is generated by the high temperature released by resistive wires.
  • the powders are lit by photon absorption of a luminous energy.
  • an optical detonator comprising a ignition powder according to the present invention, their reliability is greatly increased by compared to those using optical dopants, especially with regard to those intended for use in severe environmental conditions.
  • the trigger time of detonators according to the present invention is reduced by a factor of 5, 10, compared to optically detonators doped.
  • the optical detonator 1 has a tip 2, a first floor 3 and a second floor 4.
  • the tip 2 serves to support an optical fiber 5 which a first end is connected to a laser source, and whose second end 6 is free.
  • the first floor 3 has a housing 7 inside from which an explosive secondary explosive is confined 8. This confinement is achieved by the walls of the structure 9 of the first stage 3, a device 10 to trigger the transition to detonation in the second floor 4 to a first end, and an optical focusing interface 11 at the other end.
  • the second end 6 of the fiber Optical 5 is in the immediate vicinity of the optical focusing interface 11, this interface 11 serving as a separation between the housing 7 and the optical fiber 5.
  • the second floor 4 has a housing 12 to inside which is confined a secondary explosive detonating 13. This confinement is achieved by the walls of the structure 14 of the second floor 4, the device 10 for triggering the transition to detonation in the second floor 4 and a plate 15 propelled during the detonation of second floor 4.
  • an ignition powder 16 is disposed in the housing 7 of the first floor 3, between the explosive secondary explosive 8 and the interface focusing optics 11.
  • the laser source is activated.
  • the laser infrared light is transported by the optical fiber 5 and is focused on the powder ignition 16 by the optical interface of focusing 11 including a glass ball 11b associated with a glass plate 11c.
  • the ignition powder 16 located in the first floor 3 is lit by absorption of laser infrared light and undergoes, as a result, a combustion.
  • the oxidant is the reducing agent (the most frequent case), is absorbing the light energy provided by a near infrared radiation. Metals micronized reducing agents exhibit this optical absorption property.
  • the laser ignition threshold of the ignition powder 16 depends on its loading density, stoichiometry and the particle size of its constituents.
  • the compaction pressure of the ignition powder 16 will be chosen advantageously equal to that of the explosive secondary explosive 8, the density of loading of this explosive secondary explosive 8 being greater than 80% of its theoretical maximum density.
  • an ignition powder 16 of which the particle size is small makes it possible to lower its threshold laser ignition. Effective focus of the task laser by the optical interface 11 necessary for lower the laser ignition energy threshold, reduce the laser spot with a diameter of 50 to 100 ⁇ m, so that the reducing metals used are in the form micronized (with a particle size less than 10 ⁇ m) for increase the absorption in the near infrared.
  • the oxidizing minerals will preferably have a particle size neighbor.
  • the secondary explosive Explosion-proof 8 located in the first floor 3 is lit by burning the ignition powder 16 with which he is in contact.
  • the secondary explosive detonating 13 located in the second floor 4 is primed in detonation by the transmission of the energy released by the explosive secondary explosive 8.
  • the transition to the detonation regime is triggered by the blast of the secondary explosive Explosion 8: the explosion causes the compaction dynamics of secondary explosive loading detonating 13.
  • the high porosity of the explosive 13 (the compactness is close to 50%, the explosive having a big grain size and being loaded with a weak density) and the use of the disk 10a (which is in flake and acts as a piston crushing the column detonating secondary explosive 13 porous) promoting the transition deflagration - detonation over a distance scaled down.
  • the plate 15 is propelled by detonation of explosive secondary explosive 13, this which detonates the external loading secondary explosive.
  • the operation of the detonator 1 according to FIG. differs from that illustrated in Figure 3 only by the ignition of the detonating secondary explosive 13 (fourth time).
  • transition to the detonation regime is triggered by the shock wave that is created during the impact of the 10b projectile disc propelled into the cavity 10c by the explosion of the explosive secondary explosive 8, this wave being focused on the bare surface of the detonating secondary explosive 13 by the configuration of this cavity 10c.
  • detonating secondary explosive 13 has a fine granulometry and is loaded with a higher density that of explosive secondary explosives 13 used in blast-detonation transition detonators.
  • optical focusing interface 11 a bar of gradient glass of index 11a (as shown in FIG. 1) instead of the glass ball 11b associated with the glass plate 11c (as illustrated in FIGS. and 3).
  • a first advantage of the ignition powders 16 is that they easily absorb the laser light.
  • the 16 ignition powder does not have to be mixed with a any optically doping material, it is lit by its own absorption of light energy.
  • a second advantage of the ignition powders 16 is that they are chemically reactive.
  • the powder ignition 16 undergoes combustion (chemical reaction exothermic) whose flame initiates the combustion of the explosive secondary explosive 8.
  • the powder ignition 16 does not have to be mixed with the explosive secondary 8, a contact between the ignition powder 16 and the explosive secondary explosive 8 being sufficient.
  • the ignition powder 16 only serves to light the explosion of the explosive secondary explosive 8 which remains the major energy material of the first floor 3. It only takes a thin layer of powder ignition 16 whose thickness is between 4 and 10 times less important than that of the secondary explosive For example, a thickness between 0.5 and 1 mm of ignition powder adjacent to a layer 4 mm explosive secondary explosive 8 (for example octogen) is enough to make a deflagration enabling the priming of the secondary explosive detonating 13.
  • a third advantage of the ignition powders 16 is that they reduce the time to triggering the detonator by a factor of 5 or 10.
  • the time taken to ignite the ignition powder 16 by absorption of the laser radiation, for the reaction chemical redox of this powder 16, and for the transmission of heat from this exothermic reaction to the secondary explosive 8 allowing his blast is shorter than the one set for the absorption of the laser radiation by the black of carbon and for conduction transmission thermal energy to secondary explosive allowing his blast.
  • a fourth advantage of the ignition powders 16 is that they are physically stable.
  • the ignition powder 16 is much more stable physically when she is subjected to holding trials shocks and thermal cycles and therefore remains integrates in contact with the optical interface 11.
  • the ignition powder 16 has a coefficient of thermal expansion weaker than explosive secondary organic.
  • the zirconium that is one of the reducing metals that can be used in these powders is ten times less expandable than the octogen.
  • the ignition powder 16 is a powder redox composed of a mixture of reducing metal and of mineral oxidants. Indeed, these powders 16 absorb easily infrared laser light and have a particularly high flame temperature.
  • the reducing metals are, for example, zirconium, zirconium-nickel alloys, titanium, hydrides of titanium, aluminum, or magnesium.
  • the mineral oxidants used are, for example, the potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium dichromate, barium chromate, or iron oxides.
  • the invention is not limited to powders ignition described above.
  • Other powders absorbing laser light and generating reactions Exothermic substances may be suitable.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
EP02292357A 2001-10-26 2002-09-25 Optischer Zünder mit niedriger Energie Expired - Lifetime EP1306643B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0113911A FR2831659B1 (fr) 2001-10-26 2001-10-26 Detonateur optique basse energie
FR0113911 2001-10-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1306643A1 true EP1306643A1 (de) 2003-05-02
EP1306643B1 EP1306643B1 (de) 2010-03-03

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ID=8868793

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EP02292357A Expired - Lifetime EP1306643B1 (de) 2001-10-26 2002-09-25 Optischer Zünder mit niedriger Energie

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US7051655B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1306643B1 (de)
DE (2) DE60235518D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2831659B1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1742009A1 (de) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-10 Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis Sprengstoffzusammemsetzung zur thermischer Zündung mittels einer Laserquelle und Zündvorrichtung dafür
WO2010103231A1 (fr) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 Seva Technologies Générateur de gaz comprenant un dispositif énergisant non pyrotechnique
US7810430B2 (en) 2004-11-02 2010-10-12 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Wireless detonator assemblies, corresponding blasting apparatuses, and methods of blasting
EP2386819A1 (de) 2010-05-10 2011-11-16 Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Initialzünders
EP2390617A1 (de) 2010-05-31 2011-11-30 NEXTER Munitions Gesicherter Zünder
EP2554529A1 (de) 2011-08-01 2013-02-06 Nexter Munitions Sicherheitszünder
WO2014180860A1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7874250B2 (en) * 2005-02-09 2011-01-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Nano-based devices for use in a wellbore
US7133604B1 (en) * 2005-10-20 2006-11-07 Bergstein David M Infrared air heater with multiple light sources and reflective enclosure
CN100393673C (zh) * 2006-10-15 2008-06-11 江西省万载县美泰化工制造有限公司 花炮氧化剂及其制备方法
US20150345922A1 (en) * 2014-05-28 2015-12-03 Baker Hughes Incorporated Igniter for Downhole Use Having Flame Control
US10088288B1 (en) 2016-10-06 2018-10-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Munition fuze with blast initiated inductance generator for power supply and laser ignitor
CN109631678B (zh) * 2018-12-26 2021-06-29 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 一种降低激光起爆能量的方法
US11761743B2 (en) 2020-05-20 2023-09-19 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Low voltage primary free detonator

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US3724383A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-04-03 Us Navy Lasser stimulated ordnance initiation device
EP0296962A1 (de) * 1987-06-23 1988-12-28 Thomson-Brandt Armements Anzünder für einen pyrotechnischen Generator
EP0397572A1 (de) * 1989-05-12 1990-11-14 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Photopyrotechnische Zündungsvorrichtung mit einer durch ein Material mit Formerinnerungsvermögen eingefassten pyrotechnischen Mikrolinse und pyrotechnische Kette für diese Vorrichtung
FR2692346A1 (fr) * 1992-06-16 1993-12-17 Davey Bickford Amorce optique de générateur pyrotechnique à basse énergie.
WO1999000343A1 (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 The Ensign-Bickford Company Laser-ignitable ignition composition and initiator devices and assemblies comprising the same
EP1067357A1 (de) * 1999-07-06 2001-01-10 Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis Zweistufiger, optischer Detonator mit Schlagwirkung

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US3837942A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-09-24 Specialty Prod Dev Corp Low temperature gas generating compositions and methods
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US4343242A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-08-10 Gould Inc. Laser-triggered chemical actuator for high voltage isolation
SE462391B (sv) * 1984-08-23 1990-06-18 China Met Imp Exp Shougang Spraengkapsel och initieringselement innehaallande icke-primaerspraengaemne
DE3867117D1 (de) * 1987-04-30 1992-02-06 Nippon Oils & Fats Co Ltd Mittels eines laserstrahles zuendbare sprengkapsel.
FR2615609B1 (fr) * 1987-05-20 1991-12-20 Aerospatiale Dispositif d'amorcage photopyrotechnique et chaine photopyrotechnique utilisant ce dispositif
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FR2796166B1 (fr) * 1999-07-06 2003-05-30 Saint Louis Inst Allumeur optique a barreau en verre a gradient d'indice
DE19939502A1 (de) * 1999-08-20 2001-03-15 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zum Auslösen einer in einem Lenkrad aufgenommen Airbageinrichtung

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3724383A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-04-03 Us Navy Lasser stimulated ordnance initiation device
EP0296962A1 (de) * 1987-06-23 1988-12-28 Thomson-Brandt Armements Anzünder für einen pyrotechnischen Generator
EP0397572A1 (de) * 1989-05-12 1990-11-14 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Photopyrotechnische Zündungsvorrichtung mit einer durch ein Material mit Formerinnerungsvermögen eingefassten pyrotechnischen Mikrolinse und pyrotechnische Kette für diese Vorrichtung
FR2692346A1 (fr) * 1992-06-16 1993-12-17 Davey Bickford Amorce optique de générateur pyrotechnique à basse énergie.
WO1999000343A1 (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 The Ensign-Bickford Company Laser-ignitable ignition composition and initiator devices and assemblies comprising the same
EP1067357A1 (de) * 1999-07-06 2001-01-10 Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis Zweistufiger, optischer Detonator mit Schlagwirkung

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7810430B2 (en) 2004-11-02 2010-10-12 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Wireless detonator assemblies, corresponding blasting apparatuses, and methods of blasting
FR2888234A1 (fr) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-12 Saint Louis Inst Composition energetique dopee optiquement
US7784403B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2010-08-31 Deutsch-Franzosisches Forschungsinstitut Optically doped energetic igniter charge
NO339580B1 (no) * 2005-07-05 2017-01-09 Deutsch Franzoesisches Forschungsinstitut Saint Louis Optisk dopet energirik tennsats
EP1742009A1 (de) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-10 Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis Sprengstoffzusammemsetzung zur thermischer Zündung mittels einer Laserquelle und Zündvorrichtung dafür
CN102422120B (zh) * 2009-03-11 2014-06-18 塞瓦技术公司 包含非烟火式供能装置的气体发生器
WO2010103231A1 (fr) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 Seva Technologies Générateur de gaz comprenant un dispositif énergisant non pyrotechnique
FR2943128A1 (fr) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-17 Seva Technologies Generateur de gaz comprenant un dispositif energisant non pyrotechnique
CN102422120A (zh) * 2009-03-11 2012-04-18 塞瓦技术公司 包含非烟火式供能装置的气体发生器
EP2386819A1 (de) 2010-05-10 2011-11-16 Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Initialzünders
FR2960541A1 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2011-12-02 Nexter Munitions Detonateur securise
EP2390617A1 (de) 2010-05-31 2011-11-30 NEXTER Munitions Gesicherter Zünder
EP2554529A1 (de) 2011-08-01 2013-02-06 Nexter Munitions Sicherheitszünder
US8915188B2 (en) 2011-08-01 2014-12-23 Nexter Munitions Security detonator
WO2014180860A1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore
FR3005500A1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore
US9970737B2 (en) 2013-05-07 2018-05-15 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Optopyrotechnic initiator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7051655B1 (en) 2006-05-30
DE60235518D1 (de) 2010-04-15
DE02292357T1 (de) 2004-04-15
FR2831659A1 (fr) 2003-05-02
US20060096484A1 (en) 2006-05-11
EP1306643B1 (de) 2010-03-03
FR2831659B1 (fr) 2004-04-09

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