US3724383A - Lasser stimulated ordnance initiation device - Google Patents

Lasser stimulated ordnance initiation device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3724383A
US3724383A US00111473A US3724383DA US3724383A US 3724383 A US3724383 A US 3724383A US 00111473 A US00111473 A US 00111473A US 3724383D A US3724383D A US 3724383DA US 3724383 A US3724383 A US 3724383A
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explosive
laser
explosive material
detonator
stimulated
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US00111473A
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J Gallaghan
R Benson
B Carlson
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US Department of Navy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/421—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical component consisting of a short length of fibre, e.g. fibre stub

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A device for generating a high order detonation by using fiber optics and a spherical glass focusing head to distribute the initiating light pulse and a low energy laser to initiate the explosive material.
  • Kl-1ND Potassium Hexanitro Diphenylamine
  • PETN Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate
  • a low voltage explosive device that has as its initiating charge a primary explosive, which reacts to a hot wire which in turn is stimulated by a low voltage distributor system.
  • the primary charge initiates the secondary explosive charge.
  • a confined detonating cord that replaced the electrical initiation distributor used in the low voltage system and the exploding bridgewire device uses an explosive cord shielded with 'a fiberglass braid to distribute the initiating event.
  • the laser with its unique optical characteristics is a very safe and reliable method for initiating explosive charges in that none of the usual hazards such as electromagneticradiation, X-ray, and the like, would provide the proper stimulus for initiator.
  • the primary advantage of this new device is the unique method of initiating the explosive.
  • the distribution system is extremely simple and presents none of the problems or hazards caused by the use of electrical or explosive distribution systems.
  • the major object of the invention is to provide an explosive system initiated by the output of a low energy laser device.
  • a more particular object of the invention is to provide a high order detonation by using a secondary explosive charge.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a safe and reliable method of explosive initiation.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the assembled detonator
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view, partially in section, of the detonator assembly.
  • Explosive material and explosive train The explosive device or detonator is shown in both of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the success or failure of the overall detonation system lies in the design of the detonator assembly and the exsive upon which the laser beam impinges is a critical factor insuccess or failure of the system. None of the commonly 'used' secondary explosives performed satisfactorily, apparently having a too low melting point as well as other more subtle characteristics relating to the manner of energy absorption.
  • KI-IND Hexanitro Diphenylamine
  • PETN Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate
  • Detonator device Referring to FIG. 1, where the detonator assembly consists of body 1, spherical washer 3, spherical shaped glass focusing bead 4, and threaded collet 2.
  • the detonator body 1 has a long drilled cavity 12 extending back and opening into ball end mill section 5. Cavity 12 acts as a storage chamber for the explosive material.
  • the ball end mill section 5 extends to the bot- 1 opening 5 and is in turn held back by the spherical washer 3 and threaded collet 2.
  • the function of the focusing bead 4 is twofold; first to provide optimum containment of the explosive event; second to provide optical focusing and to concentrate instant energy of the laser beam, thus encouraging hot spot initiation of the KHND charge 11 as hereinafter explained.
  • body 1 is made of stainless steel or equivalent.
  • the detonator washer 3 is made from annealed brass and has a curved interior surface and a 0.045 inch diameter opening.
  • the detonator glass sphere lens 4 is of the proper diameter to fit the open ball end mill 5 of the detonator body 1 and washer 3.
  • Fiber optics assembly and laser pulse supply Referring to FIG. 2, fiber optics bundle 9 is enclosed in a hollow jacket assembly 9a. Outer jacket 9a is then inserted into the opening 7 of the threaded collet 2. Threaded collet 2 holds the fiber optics transmission line 9 in close proximity to the glass bead 4. A stainless steel cap nut 13 is placed on the threaded portion of the fiber optic assembly.
  • Neodymium laser device 14 is used as the source of initiated energy.
  • the energy levels used were 0.3 and 0.5 Joules. It should be noted that both the fiber optics and the laser device are standard apparatus used in the art.
  • KI-IND charge 11 having a weight of about milligrams, is pressed against the spherical shaped glass focusing bead 4 which in turn is held in the ball mill section 5 by the spherical washer 3 and the threaded collet 2.
  • the explosive charge PETN is then loaded into the long cavity 12.
  • the PETN is loaded in a gradient of increasing density from right to left, filling the major portion of the cavity.
  • the final increment of PETN is compressed to about 40,000 psi whereas the initial increment is compressed to 4,000 psi.
  • Laser 14 is attached to the open end of the fiber optics cap nut 13 and the explosive event is as follows:
  • the laser pulse from the supply passes through the fiber optic bundle 9, focusing bead 4, and impinges upon the KI-IND charge 11.
  • the KHND charge is set into low order detonation, thereby setting the adjacent PETN into low order detonation.
  • the pressure and temperature increases rapidly because the density of the gradient loaded pETN column increases from right to left. In this manner the velocity of the reaction front increases very rapidly, reaching a detonation velocity of 7,000 to 8,000 meters per second.
  • the result is a high order explosion.
  • the primary advantage of this new system is the unique method and apparatus of initiation of the explosive.
  • the usual dangers which cause accidental initiation are not present in the present invention.
  • only secondary explosives are used.
  • the loaded laser detonator did not result in initiation when it was subjected to the spark of a 100 KV Tesla coil generator.
  • a single laser source may be used to provide stimulus to many devices, either simultaneously or in programmed sequence.
  • the distribution system is ex- .tremely simple and presents none of the inherent problems of high voltage EBW or CDR explosives distribution systems.
  • a device for initiating an explosive charge including an optical transmission means and laser means, said device comprising in combination:
  • a hollow detonator assembly comprising a first interior chamber, a second interior ball chamber and an explosive storage chamber;
  • said second ball chamber having first and second openings, said first opening communicating with said first interior chamber and said second opening communicating with said explosive storage chamber;
  • said explosive storage chamber containing a first explosive material located adjacent a second explosive material wherein said second explosive material is compressed in a gradient of increasing density away from said first material to form an explosive train a spherical shaped bead focusing means positioned inside said second ball chamber and in direct contact with said first explosive material;
  • said laser means operatively connected to said optical transmission means and adjacent said collet.
  • said first explosive material is Potassium Hexanitro Diphenylamine (KI-IND) and said second explosive material is Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate (PETN) to be initiated by said laser device.
  • KI-IND Potassium Hexanitro Diphenylamine
  • PETN Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

A device for generating a high order detonation by using fiber optics and a spherical glass focusing head to distribute the initiating light pulse and a low energy laser to initiate the explosive material. Potassium Hexanitro Diphenylamine (KHND), a secondary explosive, is initiated by the device to a low order detonation which in turn sets off Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate (PETN), another secondary explosive material, to give a high order detonation.

Description

United States Patent 1191 j Gallaghan et a1. a
[ 51 Apr. 3, 1973 [54] LASSER STIMULATED ORDN ANCE INITIATION DEVICE [75] Inventors: John A; Gallaghan, Ben Lomond; Ronald W. Benson, Cupertino; Bertil V. Carlson, Santa Cruz, all of Calif.
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy 221 Filed: Feb. 1, 1971 21 Appl.No.: 111,473
[52] U.S. Cl ..102/70.2 A, 102/28, 102/46 [51] Int. Cl .QF42b 9/00 [58] Field of Search.....l49/92; 102/702, 28, 70.2 A,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1968 Lewisetal ..102/70.2A
3,362,329 1/1968 Epstein ..l02l70.2 A 3,228,337 1/1966 Grantham et al. ....102/70.2 R 3,631,623 1/1972 Platt ..42/84 Primary ExaminerSamuel W. Engle Attorney-R. S. Sciascia 57. ABSTRACT A device for generating a high order detonation by using fiber optics and a spherical glass focusing head to distribute the initiating light pulse and a low energy laser to initiate the explosive material. Potassium Hexanitro Diphenylamine (Kl-1ND), a secondary explosive, is initiated by the device to a low order detonation which in turn sets off Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate (PETN), another secondary explosive material, to give a high order detonation.
3 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures LASER DEVICE PA'TENTEDAPRB I975 H OE w \K a 1% INVENTORS JOHN A. GALLAGHAN RONALD W. BENSON BERTIL V. CARLSON ATTORNEY LASSER STIMULATED ORDNANCE INITIATION DEVICE The invention described herein may be manufac-' tured and used by or for The Government of the United States of America forgovernrnental' purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION device to initiate the Potassium Hexanitro Diphenylamine (KI-IND), which in turn initiates another secondary explosive material thereby causing a-high order detonation. The present day ordnance systems may be grouped roughly into three catagories:
a. a low voltage explosive device that has as its initiating charge a primary explosive, which reacts to a hot wire which in turn is stimulated by a low voltage distributor system. The primary charge initiates the secondary explosive charge.
b. An exploding bridgewire--device that initiates a secondary explosive directly, thus eliminating the need for a primary explosive. Theobjections to the sensitivity of the low voltage system using primary explosives in a low voltage systems led to the development of the exploding bridgewire systems.
c. A confined detonating cord that replaced the electrical initiation distributor used in the low voltage system and the exploding bridgewire device. The confined detonating cord system uses an explosive cord shielded with 'a fiberglass braid to distribute the initiating event.
It has been found that the laser with its unique optical characteristics is a very safe and reliable method for initiating explosive charges in that none of the usual hazards such as electromagneticradiation, X-ray, and the like, would provide the proper stimulus for initiator. The primary advantage of this new device is the unique method of initiating the explosive. The distribution system is extremely simple and presents none of the problems or hazards caused by the use of electrical or explosive distribution systems.
The major object of the invention is to provide an explosive system initiated by the output of a low energy laser device.
A more particular object of the invention is to provide a high order detonation by using a secondary explosive charge.
Another object of the invention is to provide a safe and reliable method of explosive initiation.
Other objects and features will be apparent from the following description of the invention and from the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the assembled detonator; and
FIG. 2 is an exploded view, partially in section, of the detonator assembly.
Explosive material and explosive train. The explosive device or detonator is shown in both of FIGS. 1 and 2. The success or failure of the overall detonation system lies in the design of the detonator assembly and the exsive upon which the laser beam impinges is a critical factor insuccess or failure of the system. None of the commonly 'used' secondary explosives performed satisfactorily, apparently having a too low melting point as well as other more subtle characteristics relating to the manner of energy absorption.
A potassium salt of Hexanitro Diphenylamine, hereafter referred to as KI-IND, for various technological reasons was found to react in the desired manner under laser stimulation. Although KI-IND is a highenergy, temperature-insensitive high explosive, it did not itself give a high order event herein, but when the KI-IND was followed by a column of Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate, hereafter referred to as PETN, a high order detonation was obtained.
Several alternative explosive materials have been found equally successful; namely, salts of Hexanitro Diphenylamine, either sodium or Strontium and pyrotechnic compounds such as Hafnium/Copper Oxide and Zirconium/Copper Oxide. All of these explosive materials were tested in laser fired devices and yielded adequate output evidence of detonation in steel dent plates.
Detonator device. Referring to FIG. 1, where the detonator assembly consists of body 1, spherical washer 3, spherical shaped glass focusing bead 4, and threaded collet 2.
The detonator body 1 has a long drilled cavity 12 extending back and opening into ball end mill section 5. Cavity 12 acts as a storage chamber for the explosive material. The ball end mill section 5 extends to the bot- 1 opening 5 and is in turn held back by the spherical washer 3 and threaded collet 2. There is an aperture between cavity 12 containing explosive materials 10 and 11 and ball end mill section 5, to allow spherical glass bead 4 to come in contact with explosive material 11. The function of the focusing bead 4 is twofold; first to provide optimum containment of the explosive event; second to provide optical focusing and to concentrate instant energy of the laser beam, thus encouraging hot spot initiation of the KHND charge 11 as hereinafter explained.
Detonator and detonator screw. Referring to FIG. 1, body 1 is made of stainless steel or equivalent. The detonator washer 3 is made from annealed brass and has a curved interior surface and a 0.045 inch diameter opening. The detonator glass sphere lens 4 is of the proper diameter to fit the open ball end mill 5 of the detonator body 1 and washer 3.
Fiber optics assembly and laser pulse supply. Referring to FIG. 2, fiber optics bundle 9 is enclosed in a hollow jacket assembly 9a. Outer jacket 9a is then inserted into the opening 7 of the threaded collet 2. Threaded collet 2 holds the fiber optics transmission line 9 in close proximity to the glass bead 4. A stainless steel cap nut 13 is placed on the threaded portion of the fiber optic assembly.
Neodymium laser device 14 is used as the source of initiated energy. The energy levels used were 0.3 and 0.5 Joules. It should be noted that both the fiber optics and the laser device are standard apparatus used in the art.
Method of loading the detonator device. Referring again to FIG. 1, KI-IND charge 11, having a weight of about milligrams, is pressed against the spherical shaped glass focusing bead 4 which in turn is held in the ball mill section 5 by the spherical washer 3 and the threaded collet 2. The explosive charge PETN is then loaded into the long cavity 12. The PETN is loaded in a gradient of increasing density from right to left, filling the major portion of the cavity. The final increment of PETN is compressed to about 40,000 psi whereas the initial increment is compressed to 4,000 psi. Laser 14 is attached to the open end of the fiber optics cap nut 13 and the explosive event is as follows: The laser pulse from the supply passes through the fiber optic bundle 9, focusing bead 4, and impinges upon the KI-IND charge 11. The KHND charge is set into low order detonation, thereby setting the adjacent PETN into low order detonation. As this event progresses from right to left, the pressure and temperature increases rapidly because the density of the gradient loaded pETN column increases from right to left. In this manner the velocity of the reaction front increases very rapidly, reaching a detonation velocity of 7,000 to 8,000 meters per second. Thus the result is a high order explosion.
In summary, the primary advantage of this new system is the unique method and apparatus of initiation of the explosive. The usual dangers which cause accidental initiation are not present in the present invention. For example, only secondary explosives are used. In addition, it has been found that the loaded laser detonator did not result in initiation when it was subjected to the spark of a 100 KV Tesla coil generator.
A single laser source may be used to provide stimulus to many devices, either simultaneously or in programmed sequence. The distribution system is ex- .tremely simple and presents none of the inherent problems of high voltage EBW or CDR explosives distribution systems.
What is claimed is: I 1. A device for initiating an explosive charge including an optical transmission means and laser means, said device comprising in combination:
a. a hollow detonator assembly; b. said detonator comprising a first interior chamber, a second interior ball chamber and an explosive storage chamber;
. said second ball chamber having first and second openings, said first opening communicating with said first interior chamber and said second opening communicating with said explosive storage chamber;
. said explosive storage chamber containing a first explosive material located adjacent a second explosive material wherein said second explosive material is compressed in a gradient of increasing density away from said first material to form an explosive train a spherical shaped bead focusing means positioned inside said second ball chamber and in direct contact with said first explosive material;
f. a hollow collet positioned inside said first chamber; g. said optical transmission means positioned inside the hollow portion of said hollow collet; and
said laser means operatively connected to said optical transmission means and adjacent said collet.
2. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the major portion of said storage chamber contains said second explosive material.
3. The device recited in claim 1 wherein said first explosive material is Potassium Hexanitro Diphenylamine (KI-IND) and said second explosive material is Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate (PETN) to be initiated by said laser device.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF (IORRECTION PatentNo'. ,724,5 3 Dated p 7 John A. Gellaghan et a1.
Inventor(s It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Title of invention should read LASER STIMULATED ORDNANCE INITIATION DEVICE Signed and sealed this 19th day of March 1974.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. c. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer 7 I Commissioner of Patents FORM Po-wso (10-69) USCOMM-DC 6O376-P69 u.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1969 o365-334. \Q
Patent No. 3,724,383 Dated April 1973 Inventor) John A. Gallaghan et a1 It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Title of invention should read LASER STQIMULATED ORDNANCE INITIATION DEVICE Signed and sealed this 19th day of March 1974.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. C. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents PC4050 (10-59) USCOMM-DC scan-ps9 [1.5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 2 I969 366-33"

Claims (2)

  1. 2. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the major portion of said storage chamber contains said second explosive material.
  2. 3. The device recited in claim 1 wherein said first explosive material is Potassium Hexanitro Diphenylamine (KHND) and said second explosive material is Pentaerythrital Tetranitrate (PETN) to be initiated by said laser device.
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Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3950075A (en) * 1974-02-06 1976-04-13 Corning Glass Works Light source for optical waveguide bundle
FR2340557A1 (en) * 1976-02-03 1977-09-02 Int Standard Electric Corp TERMINATION OF ONE OR MORE OPTICAL FIBERS AND CORRESPONDING CONNECTORS
US4121890A (en) * 1977-08-17 1978-10-24 Hughes Aircraft Company Laser rangefinder tester
US4215620A (en) * 1976-09-15 1980-08-05 General Electric Company Ignition device
US4257672A (en) * 1978-12-28 1981-03-24 International Business Machines Corporation Optical coupler for connecting a light source to an optical transmission line
US4304461A (en) * 1977-07-19 1981-12-08 Plessey Handel Und Investments Ag. Optical fibre connectors
US4316412A (en) * 1979-06-05 1982-02-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Low voltage nonprimary explosive detonator
US4325305A (en) * 1980-07-17 1982-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electrical augmentation of detonation wave
US4403143A (en) * 1978-11-03 1983-09-06 Research Energy Of Ohio, Inc. Detonating cord and continuity verification system
US4577109A (en) * 1980-10-06 1986-03-18 Regents Of The University Of California Remote multi-position information gathering system and method
US4632505A (en) * 1983-10-11 1986-12-30 The Deustsch Company Electronic Components Division Optical fiber connector
US4676231A (en) * 1984-09-14 1987-06-30 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Laser probe
US4700629A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-10-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Optically-energized, emp-resistant, fast-acting, explosion initiating device
US4727808A (en) * 1984-08-23 1988-03-01 China Metallurgical Import & Export Corporation Non-primary explosive detonator
EP0289184A1 (en) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-02 Nippon Oil And Fats Company, Limited Laser beam-detonable blasting cap
US4817530A (en) * 1986-04-26 1989-04-04 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Delay detonator
US4898095A (en) * 1986-10-20 1990-02-06 Nippon Oil And Fats Company, Limited And Kajima Corporation Laser beam-detonatable blasting cap
US4917014A (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-04-17 Kms Fusion, Inc. Laser ignition of explosives
DE3909952A1 (en) * 1989-03-25 1990-09-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Fuze/detonator which can be initiated by a laser
EP0397572A1 (en) * 1989-05-12 1990-11-14 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Photopyrotechnic priming device comprising a microlens crimped with a material having shape recollection power and a pyrotechnic line using such device
US5014620A (en) * 1989-02-14 1991-05-14 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Detonator/igniter element with bleachable absorber
US5170454A (en) * 1989-04-13 1992-12-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Machida Seisakusho Optical connector for endoscope
US5193135A (en) * 1990-10-31 1993-03-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Machida Seisakusho Optical connector and endoscope with optical connector
US5319434A (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-06-07 Litton Systems, Inc. Laser rangefinder apparatus with fiber optic interface
US5385098A (en) * 1988-10-17 1995-01-31 Nitro Nobel Ab Initiating element for non-primary explosive detonators
US5945627A (en) * 1996-09-19 1999-08-31 Ici Canada Detonators comprising a high energy pyrotechnic
US6047643A (en) * 1997-12-12 2000-04-11 Eg&G Star City, Inc. Hermetically sealed laser actuator/detonator and method of manufacturing the same
DE4115611C2 (en) * 1991-05-14 2000-06-15 Dynamit Nobel Ag Ignition device with a beam source and a closure member arranged in the beam passage
US6158347A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-12-12 Eg&G Star City, Inc. Detonator
US6272996B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-08-14 Shock Tube Systems, Inc. In-line initiator and firing device assembly
US6276276B1 (en) 1999-08-19 2001-08-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Thin-film optical initiator
US20020076173A1 (en) * 1999-05-26 2002-06-20 E2O Communications, Inc. Method and apparatus for vertical board construction of fiber optic transmitters, receivers and transceivers
US6539868B1 (en) * 1999-07-06 2003-04-01 Institut Franco-Allemand De Recherches De Saint-Louis Optical igniter with graded index glass rod
EP1306643A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-02 I.S.L. Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis Low energy optical detonator
US6901221B1 (en) 1999-05-27 2005-05-31 Jds Uniphase Corporation Method and apparatus for improved optical elements for vertical PCB fiber optic modules
WO2008113108A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-25 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Initiation of explosives materials
CN111707152A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-09-25 南京邮电大学 Multipoint blasting system based on optical fiber energy supply and working method
US11131530B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2021-09-28 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Opto-thermal laser detonator

Cited By (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3950075A (en) * 1974-02-06 1976-04-13 Corning Glass Works Light source for optical waveguide bundle
FR2340557A1 (en) * 1976-02-03 1977-09-02 Int Standard Electric Corp TERMINATION OF ONE OR MORE OPTICAL FIBERS AND CORRESPONDING CONNECTORS
US4215620A (en) * 1976-09-15 1980-08-05 General Electric Company Ignition device
US4304461A (en) * 1977-07-19 1981-12-08 Plessey Handel Und Investments Ag. Optical fibre connectors
US4121890A (en) * 1977-08-17 1978-10-24 Hughes Aircraft Company Laser rangefinder tester
US4403143A (en) * 1978-11-03 1983-09-06 Research Energy Of Ohio, Inc. Detonating cord and continuity verification system
US4257672A (en) * 1978-12-28 1981-03-24 International Business Machines Corporation Optical coupler for connecting a light source to an optical transmission line
US4316412A (en) * 1979-06-05 1982-02-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Low voltage nonprimary explosive detonator
US4325305A (en) * 1980-07-17 1982-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electrical augmentation of detonation wave
US4577109A (en) * 1980-10-06 1986-03-18 Regents Of The University Of California Remote multi-position information gathering system and method
US4632505A (en) * 1983-10-11 1986-12-30 The Deustsch Company Electronic Components Division Optical fiber connector
US4727808A (en) * 1984-08-23 1988-03-01 China Metallurgical Import & Export Corporation Non-primary explosive detonator
US4676231A (en) * 1984-09-14 1987-06-30 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Laser probe
US4817530A (en) * 1986-04-26 1989-04-04 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Delay detonator
US4700629A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-10-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Optically-energized, emp-resistant, fast-acting, explosion initiating device
US4898095A (en) * 1986-10-20 1990-02-06 Nippon Oil And Fats Company, Limited And Kajima Corporation Laser beam-detonatable blasting cap
EP0289184A1 (en) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-02 Nippon Oil And Fats Company, Limited Laser beam-detonable blasting cap
US5385098A (en) * 1988-10-17 1995-01-31 Nitro Nobel Ab Initiating element for non-primary explosive detonators
US5014620A (en) * 1989-02-14 1991-05-14 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Detonator/igniter element with bleachable absorber
DE3909952A1 (en) * 1989-03-25 1990-09-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Fuze/detonator which can be initiated by a laser
US5170454A (en) * 1989-04-13 1992-12-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Machida Seisakusho Optical connector for endoscope
US4917014A (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-04-17 Kms Fusion, Inc. Laser ignition of explosives
EP0394562A2 (en) * 1989-04-24 1990-10-31 Kms Fusion, Inc. Laser ignition of explosives
EP0394562A3 (en) * 1989-04-24 1992-01-22 Kms Fusion, Inc. Laser ignition of explosives
EP0397572A1 (en) * 1989-05-12 1990-11-14 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Photopyrotechnic priming device comprising a microlens crimped with a material having shape recollection power and a pyrotechnic line using such device
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