RU212226U1 - LASER IQUIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of safe initiation means for use as igniters or energy sources in the form of high-pressure gases when fired into the working volume of the unit in various units of aviation and rocket and space technology, as well as vehicles, for example, in control systems, emergency escape , jet engine ignition devices. Laser squib, consisting of a body, installed in it a solid optical insert made of a transparent material with a constant refractive index, focusing radiation, installed close to the rear surface of the insert of the working pyrotechnic charge and pressing it on the other side of the ring nut, which makes it possible to ensure tightness after actuation, so as there is a solid optical insert that focuses the radiation, which makes it possible to withstand the pressure of gases from the operation of a pyrotechnic charge due to the absence of holes in it. 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of noise-proof initiation means for use as sources of high-pressure gases when using various components of aviation and space-rocket technology and other vehicles, for example, shut-off valves, launch vehicle stage separation mechanisms, emergency rescue and escape devices.

Systems based on laser initiation of energy materials can significantly increase the safety of their work, since they do not have the ability to transfer pulses of electric currents induced from electromagnetic interference, static electricity discharges capable of causing unauthorized ignition to a charge of energy material.

The main advantages of pyrotechnic devices based on initiation by laser radiation are: low losses of radiation power when radiation is delivered to the device, short response time, small weight and size characteristics of optical cables. An optical cable is an electrical insulator, it is better protected from aggressive environmental influences (temperature and humidity fluctuations, aggressive environments), and is safer in terms of explosion and fire hazard criteria.

Known is a US patent (No. 3812783 dated 08/03/1972, F42B 3/113) for a laser detonator, the radiation to which is supplied through an optical fiber from a source - a high-energy laser. A converging lens is placed at the end of the optical fiber, which focuses the radiation pulse into a spot with the maximum radiation density on the surface of a thin metal film, evaporating it at a high speed with the formation of a shock wave that initiates an explosive located behind this film.

The disadvantages of this device are the high threshold energy of the initiating radiation pulse, which excludes the use of modern small-sized laser diodes as a radiation source, the inability to vary the radiation power density on the charge surface.

Known patent of the Russian Federation (No. 2424490 dated 20.07.2011, F42B 3/113, F42C 19/09) for a safety detonator for industrial use in explosive environments during mining, consisting of a thick-walled case-sleeve, in which there is a cup with an initiating explosive, main explosive charge, igniter, fiber optic power supply line passing through the hull sealing plug. The power supply line through the optical fiber is connected to a short-focus lens, which consists of four lenses - an input lens, two converging lenses, and one diverging lens. At the focus of the lens, in a spacer inside the sleeve, a seed substance is placed, ignited by a pulse of light radiation.

The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of the device for focusing radiation, which consists of four lenses, which causes high losses in radiation power. Also, such a device does not guarantee operability after exposure to intense mechanical stress or high temperatures due to the possible mutual displacement of the lenses with the loss of the focusing ability of the lens.

As a prototype, the patent of the Russian Federation (No. 206625 dated 17.09.2021, F42B 3/113) was chosen for a laser pyroelectric sensor, consisting of a contact part in which there is a block with a recess containing an initiating charge of lead trinitroresorcinate on an optical gasket, to which close a piece of fiber polished at both ends, fixed in an optical probe - a metal sleeve, mounted on a thread in the block of the contact part with sealing the thread with an epoxy compound, adjoins. From the outside, a split centering sleeve is put on the end of the fiber optic probe for coaxial connection close to the optical connector with a transport fiber for radiation supply. The contact part is threaded to the body, which contains the transfer charge, the obturating cone and the main charge pressed by the afterburner. When a radiation pulse is applied, the initiating charge ignites, through the channel in the housing it ignites the transfer charge, the combustion products of which ignite the main charge and simultaneously close the channel in the housing, pushing the obturator cone into it, thereby preventing leakage back to the contact part of the combustion products.

The disadvantage of this pyroelectric sensor is the difficulty in ensuring a tight and durable connection of the fiber with the optical probe along its entire length, as well as the probe body with the block, which can lead to gas breakthrough from the combustion of the initiating charge and dismantling the radiation supply cable with its damage.

The technical objective of the proposed utility model is the development of a laser squib for use as a pressure source in the working volume of the units or as a means of ignition, triggered by a source of laser radiation supplied through an optical fiber, ensuring reliable tightness of the device case before and after activation.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the laser squib (figure 1), consisting of the following parts: housing 1 installed in it a solid optical insert 2 of a transparent material with a constant refractive index, focusing radiation, installed close to the rear surface of the working pyrotechnic liner charge 3 and the annular nut 4 pressing it on the other side, allows to ensure tightness after actuation, since there is a solid optical insert that focuses the radiation, which makes it possible to withstand the pressure of gases from the actuation of a pyrotechnic charge due to the absence of holes in it.

The principle of operation of the laser squib (figure 2)is as follows: the radiation pulse is supplied to the body of the squib 1 in the form of a divergent beam. The diverging radiation beam passes through an optical insert 2 made of a material with a constant refractive index, having a bulge that refracts the radiation due to the curvature of the surface. Due to this, the divergent beam turns into a convergent one, passes through the entire thickness of the optical insert and falls on the surface of the working pyrotechnic charge 3 adjacent to the insert on the reverse side. The radiation focused on the surface of the charge ignites it. The optical insert contains the products of combustion of the pyrotechnic charge and the working pressure created by the squib. The products of combustion of the working pyrotechnic charge flow from the squib into the working volume of the pyrounit through the ring nut 4.

The optical insert can be made with a gradient distribution of the refractive index in the radial direction relative to its axis (figure 3). In this case, the radiation is focused not due to a curved surface that refracts it, but over the entire thickness of the optical insert due to the refractive index changing in the radial direction. Optical scheme for focusing the radiation beam on the surface of the pyrotechnic charge for such an optical insert (figure 4).

Claims (2)

1. Laser squib, containing a housing with an optical insert that focuses radiation on the surface of a pyrotechnic charge, pressed on the other side by a ring nut. 2. Laser cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical insert has a gradient distribution of the refractive index in the radial direction.

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