EP1742009B1 - Zündvorrichting, die eine Sprengstoffzusammensetzung zur thermischer Zündung mittels einer Läserquelle enthält - Google Patents

Zündvorrichting, die eine Sprengstoffzusammensetzung zur thermischer Zündung mittels einer Läserquelle enthält Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1742009B1
EP1742009B1 EP06002905A EP06002905A EP1742009B1 EP 1742009 B1 EP1742009 B1 EP 1742009B1 EP 06002905 A EP06002905 A EP 06002905A EP 06002905 A EP06002905 A EP 06002905A EP 1742009 B1 EP1742009 B1 EP 1742009B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
optical
composition
metal
initiator
energetic composition
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EP06002905A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1742009A1 (de
Inventor
Moulard Henry
Auguste Ritter
Jean-Marie Brodbeck
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Institut Franco Allemand de Recherches de Saint Louis ISL
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Institut Franco Allemand de Recherches de Saint Louis ISL
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/08—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/043—Connectors for detonating cords and ignition tubes, e.g. Nonel tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of an energy composition in an optical detonator (initiator comprising an explosive) or an optical igniter (initiator comprising a pyrotechnic composition).
  • the energy composition disposed in the first stage of the detonator is a mixture comprising the secondary explosive and the carbon black powder which is used as an optical dopant (it absorbs the radiation emitted by the laser sources and transmits to the secondary explosive the thermal energy necessary for it to reach its critical temperature).
  • the effectiveness of the carbon black is considerably reduced.
  • the validation of a detonator for such an application requires the performance of tests after a thermal cycle that corresponds to the cycle suffered in connection with this application has been imposed.
  • the imposed thermal cycle corresponds to a rise at a temperature of 100 ° C maintained for 5 hours and then a cooling at room temperature.
  • the laser source used is a laser diode
  • the ignition of the secondary explosive mixed with 1% by weight of carbon black has take place when a power of 0.1 W is sufficient if the detonator has not undergone this cycle.
  • a first solution overcoming the disadvantage relating to the need to have a powerful laser source to be able to ignite a detonator subjected to severe climatic conditions has been described in the application FR 2,831,659 and consists in introducing into the first stage of the detonator, between the secondary explosive and the optical focusing interface, a redox pyrotechnic composition which, absorbing in the infrared, is the seat of an oxidation-reduction reaction which releases the energy required for the priming of the secondary explosive.
  • the pyrotechnic composition used (ZPP composition) is very sensitive to friction and electrostatic discharges.
  • the present invention aims to allow the initiation of an optical initiator (detonator or igniter) by a low power laser source, without having the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art initiators.
  • the initiator comprises an energetic composition formed of a mixture comprising at least one secondary explosive and a metal in the form of a powder, this metal acting as optical dopant.
  • Such a composition makes it possible to have a priming of the main composition of the initiator (secondary explosive in the case of a detonator, pyrotechnic composition in the case of an igniter) even with a a low-power laser source, for example with a laser diode with a power of 1 W, and this by reducing the risks associated with the manipulation of the main composition.
  • the initiator secondary explosive in the case of a detonator, pyrotechnic composition in the case of an igniter
  • a low-power laser source for example with a laser diode with a power of 1 W
  • the energy composition 1 used in the present invention is formed of a mixture comprising at least one secondary explosive and a metal which is in powder form and acting as an optical dopant.
  • the energy composition 1 is disposed in a cavity of an optical initiator 2, 3 and is in contact with an optical focusing interface 4 which closes this cavity and which makes it possible to transmit infrared radiation to the energy composition 1 emitted by a source of laser radiation and transmitted from the source to the optical focusing interface 4 by an optical fiber 5 which is connected by a first end to the laser radiation source, and by its second end to the optical interface of focus 4.
  • the metal used has the property of absorbing the infrared light emitted by the laser source and, because it is intimately mixed homogeneously with the secondary explosive, it transmits thereto, by thermal conduction, the heat that it has accumulated, which thus allows the initiation of the reaction of the secondary explosive.
  • the latter has a thermal diffusivity of at least 10 -5 m 2 .s -1 , and preferably at least equal to 5.10 -5 m 2 .s -1 , or even at least equal to 9.10 -5 m 2 ⁇ s -1 , the thermal diffusivity being defined by the ratio of the thermal conductivity on the product of the capacity calorific value by the density of the metal in question.
  • the metal used can be aluminum (9.8 ⁇ 10 -5 m 2 ⁇ s -1 ), an aluminum alloy (Al 2 O 4 'dural' with a diffusivity of 4.5 ⁇ 10 -5 m 2 ⁇ s -1 ), tungsten (6.8 ⁇ 10 -5 m 2 ⁇ s -1 ), copper (11.7 ⁇ 10 -5 m 2 ⁇ s -1 ), magnesium or a magnesium alloy (11.7 ⁇ 10 -5 m 2) . s -1 ), or even nickel, zirconium or titanium.
  • Aluminum is preferred because of the value of its thermal diffusivity and its low cost.
  • the metal Since the metal is used for its physical properties of infrared light absorption and heat transfer, and not for its chemical properties (as in aluminized explosives), a small amount is sufficient. It thus represents at most 10% by weight of the energy composition 1, preferably at most 5% by mass, or even on the order of 1% by mass. The higher the metal content, the shorter the initiation time of the energy composition 1, however, beyond 5% by weight, for applications where a very short initiation time is not necessary, the composition energy 1 becomes unnecessarily sensitive to standard safety tests (impact, friction, electrostatic discharge).
  • the secondary explosive used in the energy composition 1 may be, for example, octogen, hexogen or hexanitrostilbene.
  • This energy composition 1 may comprise several secondary explosives, for example octogen with hexanitrostilbene, the latter having the property of having a relatively low sensitivity to friction.
  • the secondary explosive is preferably a powder whose particle size is less than 6 microns (preferably less than 3 microns).
  • the metal is finely divided and its average particle size is less than 6 microns, and preferably less than 2 microns, or even 1 micron, which corresponds to the wavelength of the emitted laser light.
  • the energy composition 1 used in the present invention is compressed in the cavity at a high loading density, preferably greater than 80% of the theoretical maximum density associated with composition 1.
  • a dispersing agent which makes it possible to avoid the formation of agglomerates (for example isopropanol) and which will then be removed by drying.
  • the energy composition 1 may comprise an inert polymeric binder or wax (preferably representing at most 5% by weight of the composition) in order to reduce its sensitivity during standard safety tests for mechanical aggression. It is also possible to add graphite to benefit from its lubricating properties and also to increase the safety of implementation of the energy composition 1.
  • the mixing of the secondary explosive with the metal must be particularly homogeneous in order to ensure the priming reliability and reproducibility of the reaction time of the optical initiator 2,3.
  • the diameter of the laser spot at the output of the optical focusing interface 4 is close to the diameter of the optical fiber 5 (the diameter can be reduced to 50 ⁇ m) and the absorption thickness is of the same order of magnitude.
  • an optical detonator 2 has two stages: the laser source initiates by heating a main energy composition (a composition essentially comprising a secondary explosive or a mixture of secondary explosives) disposed in the cavity 10 of the first stage, the very strong degradation reaction that follows to initiate the detonation of a secondary explosive 6 disposed in the cavity 11 of the second stage, or by a process transition blast - detonation, either by a transition process shock - detonation (depending on the configuration of detonator 2 and the characteristics of secondary explosives used in the first and second stages).
  • a main energy composition a composition essentially comprising a secondary explosive or a mixture of secondary explosives
  • the figure 1 illustrates a detonator 2 in which the main energy composition is formed by the energy composition 1 used in the present invention.
  • Tests were carried out using a 1 W diode connected to the optical interface 4 by an optical fiber having a diameter of 62.5 ⁇ m as a laser source in order to validate the composition 1 used in the present invention for space applications where the decisive criterion is the level of the ignition threshold (given the importance of saving energy in this area).
  • the composition 1 was loaded into the cavity of the first stage at a density close to 1.7 g.cm -3 , and the detonator 2 underwent a thermal cycle of 5 hours at 100 ° C. followed by a cooling at room temperature.
  • composition 1 comprised octogen having an average particle size of 2.5 ⁇ m and 1% by weight of aluminum having a mean particle size of 5 ⁇ m; and in a second detonator, composition 1 comprised octogen having an average particle size of 2.5 ⁇ m and 1% by weight of aluminum having a mean particle size of 160 nm.
  • the ignition threshold was 110 mW.
  • Tests have also been carried out using a compact Nd-YAG solid laser source capable of delivering a power density of 3 MW.cm -2 (100 times greater than the 1 W laser diode) in order to validate the composition 1 used in the present invention.
  • the present invention for military domains where the decisive criterion is the response time of the detonator and its reproducibility (to allow a sequenced priming of several military heads).
  • the laser source used in such applications may be a solid laser delivering sufficient energy so that the ignition threshold is not a problem.
  • the composition 1 was loaded into the cavity of the first stage at a density close to 1.7 g.cm -3 , and the detonator was subjected to a thermal cycle of 5 hours at 100 ° C.
  • the composition 1 had octogen having an average particle size of 2.5 microns and 1 mass% of aluminum having a mean particle size of 5 microns; and in a second detonator, the composition comprised octogen having an average particle size of 2.5 ⁇ m and 1% by weight of aluminum having a mean particle size of 160 nm.
  • the dispersion of the response time is about 10 ⁇ s (compared with 30 ⁇ s for an energy composition comprising a secondary explosive mixed with carbon black), and for the second test, the dispersion is less at 2 ⁇ s, the detonator operating time being 41 ⁇ s.
  • the aluminum has a smaller particle size (or slightly higher) to 1 micron.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a detonator 2 in which the energy composition 1 used in the present invention is disposed in the form of a thin layer between the optical focusing interface 4 and a main energy composition 7 (a composition essentially comprising a secondary-octogenous explosive, hexogen, hexanitrostilbene ... - or a mixture of secondary explosives, without optical dopant) which is disposed in the same cavity 10 as the energy composition 1 used in the present invention, the energy released by the degradation of the energy composition 1 used in the present invention to initiate the main energy composition 7.
  • a main energy composition 7 a composition essentially comprising a secondary-octogenous explosive, hexogen, hexanitrostilbene ... - or a mixture of secondary explosives, without optical dopant
  • the figure 3 illustrates the use of an energy composition 1 used in the present invention in an optical igniter 3.
  • an optical igniter 3 is at one stage: the laser source initiates by heating a main energy composition (a composition comprising essentially a redox pyrotechnic composition) disposed in the cavity 12 of the igniter 3, the combustion reaction of which releases heat in the form of radiation, hot solid particles and a little hot gas, which allows the combustion of a external composition (a propellant powder loaded inside the body of a pyromechanism such as an actuator, a cylinder ..., or a solid propellant block loaded inside the hull of a rocket engine).
  • a main energy composition a composition comprising essentially a redox pyrotechnic composition
  • the figure 3 illustrates an igniter 3 in which the energy composition 1 used in the present invention is disposed in the form of a thin layer between the optical focusing interface 4 and a main energy composition 8 (a composition essentially comprising a pyrotechnic composition) which is disposed in the same cavity 12 as the energy composition 1 used in the present invention, the energy released by the degradation of the energy composition 1 used in the present invention for initiating the main energy composition 8.
  • a main energy composition 8 a composition essentially comprising a pyrotechnic composition
  • the pyrotechnic composition 8 (a mixture of a finely divided reducing agent with an inorganic oxidant) can be, for example, the ZPP composition (essentially a mixture of zirconium and potassium perchlorate) or the BNP composition (essentially a boron mixture). and potassium nitrate).
  • the energy composition 1 used in the present invention has a very low sensitivity to friction and electrostatic discharges, it is possible to use pyrotechnic compositions 8 for safety, that is to say having sensitivities to friction and reduced electrostatic discharges.
  • a main pyrotechnic composition 8 may be, for example, the BNP or a ZPP optimized to be safety (zirconium larger particle size).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Optischer Zünder (2, 3), der eine Lichtleitfaser (5) umfasst, die mit einem ersten Ende mit einer Laserstrahlungsquelle und mit einem zweiten Ende mit einer optischen Fokussierungsgrenzfläche (4) verbunden ist, die einen Hohlraum verschließt, in dem eine energetische Zusammensetzung (1) angeordnet ist, die mit der Grenzfläche (4) in Kontakt ist und die aus einem Gemisch gebildet ist, das wenigstens einen sekundären Sprengstoff und einen optischen Dotierstoff, der in Form eines Pulvers vorliegt, enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der optische Dotierstoff ein Metall ist und dass die Laserstrahlungsquelle eine geringe Leistungsdichte wie eine Laserdiode, die 1 W liefern kann, erzeugen kann, was die zuverlässige Zündung der energetischen Zusammensetzung (1) ermöglicht, nachdem thermische Zyklen durchlaufen worden sind.
  2. Optischer Zünder (2, 3), nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metall eine Wärmediffusität, die wenigstens gleich 10-5 m2s-1 ist und vorzugsweise wenigstens gleich 5 . 10-5m2s-1, sogar wenigstens gleich 9·10-5 m2s-1 ist.
  3. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metall Aluminium oder eine Aluminiumlegierung oder Wolfram oder Kupfer oder Magnesium oder eine Magnesiumlegierung ist.
  4. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metall eine mittlere Körnigkeit von weniger als 6 µm und vorzugsweise weniger als 2 µm, sogar weniger als 1 µm, hat.
  5. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metall höchstens 10 Massen-% der Zusammensetzung, vorzugsweise höchstens 5 Massen-%, sogar in der Größenordnung von 1 Massen-%, repräsentiert.
  6. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der sekundäre Sprengstoff Oktogen oder Hexogen oder Hexanitrostilben ist.
  7. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gemisch wenigstens zwei sekundäre Sprengstoffe, wovon einer Hexanitrostilben ist, enthält.
  8. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der sekundäre Sprengstoff ein Pulver ist, dessen Körnigkeit kleiner als 3 µm ist.
  9. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch ein Metall optisch dotierte energetische Zusammensetzung (1) auf eine Ladungsdichte von mehr als 80 % seiner theoretischen maximalen Dichte komprimiert ist.
  10. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen optischen Explosionszünder (2) bildet, wobei die durch ein Metall optisch dotierte energetische Zusammensetzung (1) eine energetische Hauptzusammensetzung der ersten Stufe des Explosionszünders (2) ist.
  11. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen optischen Explosionszünder (2) bildet, wobei die durch ein Metall optisch dotierte energetische Zusammensetzung (1) zwischen der optischen Fokussierungsgrenzfläche (4) und einer energetischen Hauptzusammensetzung (7) angeordnet ist, die im Wesentlichen einen sekundären Sprengstoff enthält und der in demselben Hohlraum wie die dotierte energetische Zusammensetzung (1) angeordnet ist.
  12. Optischer Zünder (2, 3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen optischen Sprengkapselzünder (3) bildet, wobei die mit einem Metall optisch dotierte energetische Zusammensetzung (1) zwischen der optischen Fokussierungsgrenzfläche (4) und einer energetischen Hauptzusammensetzung (8) angeordnet ist, die im Wesentlichen eine pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung enthält und in demselben Hohlraum wie die dotierte energetische Zusammensetzung (1) angeordnet ist.
EP06002905A 2005-07-05 2006-02-14 Zündvorrichting, die eine Sprengstoffzusammensetzung zur thermischer Zündung mittels einer Läserquelle enthält Active EP1742009B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0507158A FR2888234B1 (fr) 2005-07-05 2005-07-05 Composition energetique dopee optiquement

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EP1742009A1 EP1742009A1 (de) 2007-01-10
EP1742009B1 true EP1742009B1 (de) 2012-01-18

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US (1) US7784403B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1742009B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE542101T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2542472C (de)
DE (1) DE06002905T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2279741T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2888234B1 (de)
NO (1) NO339580B1 (de)

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FR2914056B1 (fr) 2007-03-21 2010-03-12 Nexter Munitions Initiateur opto pyrotechnique
US8161880B2 (en) * 2009-12-21 2012-04-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Deflagration to detonation transition device
FR2959809B1 (fr) 2010-05-10 2013-07-05 Saint Louis Inst Dispositif de mise a feu pour un initiateur
FR2960541B1 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2012-05-04 Nexter Munitions Detonateur securise
FR2978762B1 (fr) 2011-08-01 2013-08-02 Nexter Munitions Detonateur de securite
RU2522611C2 (ru) * 2012-10-18 2014-07-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Светочувствительный взрывчатый состав
FR3005500B1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2017-12-22 Commissariat Energie Atomique Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore
US10883805B2 (en) * 2018-02-15 2021-01-05 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Systems and methods for modifying and enhancing explosives by irradiating a reaction zone
CN110632705B (zh) * 2019-05-23 2021-06-04 中航光电科技股份有限公司 一种点火起爆用光纤连接器插座
WO2021030594A1 (en) * 2019-08-13 2021-02-18 Hunting Titan, Inc. Power charge ignition
CN112299936B (zh) * 2020-11-06 2021-09-17 西南科技大学 用于炸药激光引爆的光热材料的制备方法及应用
CN114353600B (zh) * 2022-01-17 2024-01-16 中北大学 一种隔片式高安全小尺寸激光起爆装置

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Publication number Publication date
CA2542472A1 (en) 2007-01-05
FR2888234B1 (fr) 2008-05-02
EP1742009A1 (de) 2007-01-10
CA2542472C (en) 2013-02-05
NO339580B1 (no) 2017-01-09
US7784403B2 (en) 2010-08-31
US20070113941A1 (en) 2007-05-24
NO20063102L (no) 2007-01-08
ATE542101T1 (de) 2012-02-15
FR2888234A1 (fr) 2007-01-12
ES2279741T1 (es) 2007-09-01
ES2279741T3 (es) 2012-05-18
DE06002905T1 (de) 2007-08-09

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