AU2001228616B2 - Infra-red emitting decoy flare - Google Patents
Infra-red emitting decoy flare Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2001228616B2 AU2001228616B2 AU2001228616A AU2001228616A AU2001228616B2 AU 2001228616 B2 AU2001228616 B2 AU 2001228616B2 AU 2001228616 A AU2001228616 A AU 2001228616A AU 2001228616 A AU2001228616 A AU 2001228616A AU 2001228616 B2 AU2001228616 B2 AU 2001228616B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- flare
- infra
- primer
- spectral
- red emitting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical group [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004300 potassium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010235 potassium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940103091 potassium benzoate Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
- F41J2/02—Active targets transmitting infrared radiation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
- F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B4/00—Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination or signal purposes
- F42B4/26—Flares; Torches
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Description
WO 02/48641 PCT/GB00/04762 Infra-red Emitting Decoy Flare This invention relates to an infra-red (IR) emitting decoy flare capable of being launched from a target to divert a missile equipped with an IR seeker system away from that target, and particularly to an IR emitting decoy flare capable of diverting a missile having a seeker operating with a counter-countermeasures (CCM) system using a spectral discriminator.
Most infra-red seeker systems operate in a certain wavelength range, or band, of the infrared spectrum. In this band, the radiated energy from non natural sources is generally easy to detect and the hot components of aircraft exhausts or tank engines, for example, radiate strongly, enabling targets to be easily identified and located.
Known decoy flares conventionally comprise pyrotechnic compositions bound together with an organic binder and pressed to form pellets. When an incoming missile is detected a pellet is launched from the target and ignited. The pellet bums over its surface to produce an intense infra-red source in this band, which can lure the infra-red seeker system of the missile away from the target.
UK patent application GB 2,300,035 describes an infra-red decoy flare which is formed from a pyrotechnic composition which bums to emit infra-red radiation. The composition is formed into a plurality of different blocks with different volumes and different surface areas so as to have different rates of burning. Ignition of all the blocks produces an infrared source which is intense enough to cause the missile to lock onto the flare. After a short time the aircraft will be outside of the field of view of the missile and some of the fast burning blocks will burn completely away. The flare will then radiate comparatively weak radiation for a time in order to complete the diversion of the missile.
However, advances in missile seeker systems and CCM systems have led to seeker systems being able to recognise a decoy flare and ignore it. Some advanced seeker Ssystems are equipped with CCM systems that compare the ratio of the intensity of IR Sradiation in one band with the intensity of IR radiation in another band of the IR spectrum.
cI Due to the temperature difference between a conventional flare and the radiating parts of a typical target and the corresponding different 'grey body' radiation spectrums, the CCM _0 system can identify and disregard the flare.
00 The present invention seeks to provide a decoy flare which alleviates at least some of the aforementioned disadvantages and which is capable of diverting a missile equipped with an infra-red seeker system and a spectral counter-countermeasures system away from its intended target.
Thus according to the present invention there is provided an infra-red emitting decoy flare comprising a flare casing, two pyrotechnic components housed within the flare casing and an ignition means for igniting the pyrotechnic components characterised in that the two pyrotechnic components comprise a primer flare and a spectral flare wherein the primer flare consists of at least one primer pellet, each primer pellet being composed of a fast burning pyrotechnic composition and being adapted such that, in use, ignition of one primer pellet causes rapid ignition of all the primer pellets to produce an intense infra-red source, wherein the spectral flare consists of at least one spectral pellet, each spectral pellet being of a pyrotechnic composition adapted such that, in use, ignition of the spectral pellets produces a spectral infra-red source wherein the ratio of the intensity of the infrared. spectrum at at least two fixed bands is within a fixed range, and wherein the primer flare and spectral flare are adapted such that, in use, the spectral flare is still burning after the primer flare has finished burning.
In use, the ignition of the primer flare creates an intense IR source of short duration. The sudden increase in energy can trigger a missile's CCM system. Due to the short duration of burning of the primer flare however, by the time the missile's CCM system is active the primer flare will have stopped burning but the spectral flare will still be burning. The spectral flare has pre-set ratios of intensity between different bands of the IR spectrum and WO 02/48641 PCT/GB00/04762 -3therefore appears to the missile's CCM system to have theintensity ratios that an intended target would have. Indeed, due to the varying aspects that a target may present to a missile seeker and the fact that the ratio of intensities of the different bands alters when viewing a target from a different angle, say an aircraft head on as oppose from the rear, the spectral flare may be judged by the missile seeker and CCM system to be more target like, in terms of the required ratio of intensities at different bands, than the actual target itself.
Preferably the spectral flare is adapted such that at the fixed bands of the IR spectrum the flare is more intense than the intended target. The spectral flare will then be the most intense IR source with the correct spectral characteristics. Further, the very intense radiation from the primer flare can saturate some missiles seeker systems. This would not only cause a missile to activate its spectral CCM system but could also cause automatic brightness compensators to come into operation. After the primer flare has stopped burning the automatic compensators will start to reduce to their previous levels. However, if the intensity of the spectral flare in the bands measured by the missile is greater than that of the intended target then the intensity compensators of the missile seeker may not reduce to a level that would include the target. Therefore the spectral flare will be the only object with the correct spectral characteristics in the field of view of the missile.
Also, on initial ejection the primer pellet lights up and bums extremely quickly. Thus the flare will still be close to the target on ignition and energy from the burning flare will be reflected from the surface of the target. This can increase the radiation seen by the missile's seeker system. Further, the radiation reflected from the target can cause the target to appear to be flare like to the seeker system thus prompting the missile to actually ignore the target.
In order to achieve a fast burn rate the primer pellets are preferably discs and the primer flare consists of a stack of said discs. By dividing the primer flare into discs the surface area available for burning is increased over that of a single pellet of the same dimensions S as the stack. The bur rate is therefore correspondingly increased. The discs are also Spreferably provided with a central hole which again increases the bum rate, but also aids in rapid ignition of the primer flare by allowing the passage of hot particles through the stack.
Alternatively a single primer pellet is used and is provided with plurality of holes through the pellet. This again increases the surface area for burning and increases the bur rate.
S Another means of increasing the bum'rate is providing the primer pellet or pellets with 1 (deep) grooves to create more burning surface area. Other arrangements for the primer 0 pellet will be readily apparent to the skilled addressee.
O
A fast bum time is required so that the primer flare has finished burning by the time that the seeker system has adjusted. The bum time of the primer flare is therefore preferably between 100-600ms, more preferably between 150-250ms. Too short a bur time however can reduce the efficiency of the primer flare as there would be insufficient time for efficient combustion processes to occur.
The primer flare is conveniently comprised of a composition of an oxidisable metallic material, an oxidising halogenated polymeric material and an organic binder. Suitable metallic fuels are well known in the art and include magnesium, aluminium, alloys of magnesium or aluminium, titanium, boron and zirconium. Preferable the oxidisable metallic material is magnesium. When ignited magnesium undergoes an energetic and vigorous exothermic reaction with halogenated polymers and therefore is particularly suitable for the heat and speed of combustion required.
Similarly the oxidising halogenated polymeric material used in preferred compositions for the primer flare is a fluorinated polymer because fluorine is a better oxidising agent than other halogens and therefore will react more vigorously and create a more intense IR source. Suitable fluorinated polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon (TM) or PTFE) and its copolymers with perfluoropropylene, polytrifluorochloroethylene, copolymers of trifluoroethylene with vinylidene fluoride, homopolymers of P:,OPERUcc2001228616 I sp.doc-2203/05 Sperfluoropropylene and copolymers ofperfluoropropylene with vinylidene fluoride, C, homopolymers of hexafluoropropylene and copolymers of hexafluoropropylene with vinylidene fluoride. PTFE is particularly suitable as it has a high percentage of fluorine in it.
5 Suitable organic binders are well known in the art and include polyvinylchloride, straight 00 OO ci chain chlorinated paraffins such as Alloprene (TM) or Cereclors (TM) and the tripolymer of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene. Fluorinated organic O binders are advantageous in that the binder, also being an oxidising agent, will join in the reaction. A preferred binder is a copolymer ofvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoroethylene, for example VITON A which coats and binds the constituents very well as well as adding to the reaction.
A preferred composition for the primer flare is therefore a magnesium-Teflon-Viton (MTV) composition. The ratio of the constituents will be chosen so that there is the smallest amount of unreacted material after combustion, allowing for the amount of atmospheric oxygen present that will join in the reaction in a particular flare application. The ratio of the constituents will be easily determined by the skilled person.
In another embodiment the primer flare is comprised of a composition of potassium benzoate, potassium perchlorate and a binder chosen from the group of RDX, HMX or HNS.
As the spectral flare needs to have a longer burn time than the primer flare the spectral flare may usefully be formed from a single pellet. The spectral pellet can therefore bur relatively slowly and consistently.
In order to ensure that the intensity of the spectral flare is bright enough the spectral pellet may be provided with a central hole through the pellet. The hole will not only increase the intensity of the radiation from the spectral pellet by providing an internal burning surface but with also ensure consistency of the radiation. As the intensity of the flare is related to the surface area of the burning pellet, a pellet burning from the outside only will slowly drop in intensity as the surface area of burning decreases. Having a central hole, however, WO 02/48641 PCT/GB00/04762 -6means that as the outside surface area of burning decreases, the internal burning surface increases, resulting in a relatively consistent bum, increasing the viability of a flare to be mistaken as the target by the missile system. A central hole will also aid in rapid and consistent ignition of the whole of the spectral flare.
Conveniently the spectral flare and primer flare may be adapted such that, in use, the spectral flare is ignited by the burning of the primer flare.
The spectral pellet may advantageously be formed to produce quantities of hot gas.
Conveniently the spectral pellet may be formed from an organic fuel, an oxidant and a binder. Organic fuels decompose to produce gases such as carbon dioxide which can be similar to the elements produced by an aircraft engine say. Thus use of an organic fuel can provide the required spectral characteristics. Suitable fuels include organic compounds such as sucrose, lactose or starch and also compounds such as potassium benzoate. As an alternative to organic fuels the spectral pellet may be formed from a boron fuel with a suitable oxidant and binder.
Suitable oxidants include potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate. Suitable binders include Viton A, dextrin or polybutyl rubber although organic binders are preferred as again they decompose into relevant gasses thus binders such as Viton A or GAP are preferred. Particularly advantageously however explosive materials with a waxy composition may be used as binders. Such explosives will be able to function as binders due to their consistency and will add to the energetic reaction on ignition. Suitable explosives include RDX, HMX and HNS and can also add to the hot gasses produced by the fuel and oxidant. Other oxidants and binders may be used however and could be easily determined by the skilled person.
P:\OPERUcc\200228616 Ispa.doc-22/03/05 Q-7- SOne advantageous spectral composition comprise approximately 30% by weight potassium benzoate, 65% by weight potassium perchlorate and 5% by weight of binder, say Viton A or RDX.
In another embodiment the spectral flare composition is formed from a mix of 30-40% by 00 00I mass of potassium benzoate and 60-70% by mass of potassium perchlorate together with 3by mass of Viton A, RDX, HMX or HNS.
Another advantageous spectral composition has, excluding binder, approximately 30% by mass of boron and 70% by mass of potassium nitrate, with Viton A as a binder in a sufficient amount as could be easily determined by one skilled in the art. The composition may also include other materials to enhance the spectral effect, such as silicon. Another advantageous composition has, again excluding binder, 20% by mass of boron fuel with potassium nitrate and 10% by mass of silicon.
In some instances it will be beneficial that the primer flare bumrn with some visible component or without a spectral characteristic, say when utilising reflection from the target surface. However, in other circumstances it would be advantageous that the primer flare also bum with a spectral component. In such instances the primer flare may comprise a fast burning spectral composition. The actual composition could be the same as could be used or the spectral pellet but to ensure a fast light up and generation of sufficient energy grooves or a plurality of discs would be used and smaller particle sizes would be used as is well understood in the art. Explosive binders would preferably be used to add to the intensity produced by the primer pellet.
Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will now be described by reference to the accompanying non-limiting drawing in which: FIG. 1 shows a decoy flare according to an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 shows the spectral and primer flares used in a decoy shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows the IR intensity against time for a decoy flare such as shown in FIG. 1, WO 02/48641 PCT/GB00/04762 -8- Figure 4 shows a primer flare pellet according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, Figure 5 shows a primer flare pellet of a further embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to figure 1 a primer flare 2 and a spectral flare 4 are housed in an open ended cylindrical flare casing 6. The spectral flare is made up of a single cylindrical spectral pellet i 0 housed at the closed end of the casing whereas the primer flare 2 comprises a stack of primer pellet discs 8 located next to the open end. Each of the primer pellets discs 8 and the spectral pellet 10 are provided with a central hole, 12 14 respectively, extending throughout the pellets.
The open end of the casing 6 is sealed by a plug 16, the plug being secured by crimping the rim 18 of the casing 6 into a groove 24 in the plug 16. An expulsion charge 20 is located in a recess in the outside face of the plug, as is a primary ignition charge 22.
In use, expulsion charge 20 and primary ignition charge 22 are ignited, for example by conventional electric igniters (not shown) in the flare tube of the target. The expulsion charge 20 is formed from a propellant compositions such as a gunpowder or nitrocellulose composition and on ignition generates a large volume of gas which projects the flare from the flare tube (not shown).
Once clear of the flare tube, spring 26 is released and allows the ignition stimulus from primary ignition charge 22 to travel down the channel 28 and ignite the secondary ignition charge 30. Should the flare casing 6 become jammed in the flare tube, spring 26 is prevented from release and therefore stops the propagation of the ignition stimulus, thereby preventing ignition of the flare in the flare tube.
WO 02/48641 PCT/GB00/04762 -9- Ignition of the secondary ignition charge 30 provides a source of ignition for the primer flare 2. The outer and inner surfaces of the primer flare 2 and spectral flare 4 are also coated in a primer paste to further aid ignition. Further, the primer flare 2, and also the spectral flare 4, are wrapped in aluminium foil 32 and 34 respectively, with both flares being then wrapped together in aluminium foil 38. The aluminium foil aids the ignition of the primer flare 2 and spectral flare 4 by initially confining the ignition gases thus increasing the initial pressure and thereby aiding the speed and reliability of the ignition stimulus. Wrapping the pellets in aluminium foil also helps to protect the pellets during storage. The high temperature generated during burning of the primer flare 2 may additionally cause the aluminium foil to combust, adding to the radiation from the primer flare 2.
Ignition of the primed surfaces of the primer flare 2 cause the primer flare to be very rapidly ignited over all of its outer surface. Hot particles and combustion gases also travel down the central hole 12 igniting the inner surface and the faces between the primer pellet discs 8. This is aided by the confining effect of the aluminium foil 32.
The primer pellet discs 8, shown more clearly in figure 2; are formed from a fast burning composition such as a composition of MTV. Such a composition creates an intense source of IR radiation having a fast bum rate and reaches temperatures of 1900 0
C.
The bum rate of the primer flare is also determined by the thickness of the primer pellet discs 8. For an MTV primer pellet composition where the discs are of 47mm diameter and have a central hole of 6mm diameter, a stack of 4 to 8 discs of thickness 5 10 mm give the desired bum rates.
Alternatively the primer pellet could be formed from a similar stack of discs formed from a composition of potassium benzoate and potassium perchlorate of small particle size and RDX as a binder.
WO 02/48641 PCT/GB00/04762 Referring back to figure 1, ignition of the primer flare 2 causes ignition of the Spectral flare 4 which is wrapped in aluminium foil 34. Spacers 36 are located between the primer flare 2 and the spectral flare 4. This allows for hot particles produced from the burning of the primer flare 2 to ignite the spectral flare over its surface. The spacers 36 also help prevent premature ignition due to friction during launch or transit.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown) an ignition transfer medium, such as an MTV cord, could be located next to the secondary ignition charge 30 and run through the hole 12 in the primer flare 2 and the hole 14 of the spectral flare 4. Ignition of the secondary ignition charge 30 could then ignite the ignition transfer medium which would bum down its length igniting the interior surfaces of the primer flare 2 and the spectral flare 4 in turn.
The spectral pellet, also shown in figure 2, is formed from a single cylindrical pellet. The composition may conveniently be a potassium benzoate, potassium perchlorate and Viton A mix. Potassium benzoate comprises 30% by mass of the spectral pellet with potassium perchlorate and Viton A making up the rest of the pellet. The fuel and oxidant have particle sizes of less then 60 microns.
Alternatively the spectral pellet can be formed from a boron, potassium nitrate, Viton A mix. The potassium nitrate is 70% by mass of the composition and has a typical particle size of 100gm. The boron is amorphous and sub-micron size and makes up 30% by mass of the composition or 20% by mass if an additive like silicon is used. If used, the silicon particles are around 10gtm in size. Boron, potassium nitrate and Viton A gives a hard composition which may be easily cast into the required pellet shapes. Use of a binder such as polybutyl rubber would lead to a more flexible composition which could, for example, be extruded.
WO 02/48641 PCT/GB00/04762 -11- As the spectral flare 4 is formed from a single cylinder the bum rate is much slower than that of the primer flare 2 and due to the central hole 14, the intensity of the spectral flare 4 is substantially constant throughout the duration of burning.
Figure 3 shows a plot of the IR intensity against time for a decoy flare as shown in figure 1 for two fixed IR bands. The primer flare was 47mm in diameter and 40mm in length, consisting of 8 discs, each 5mm thick, formed from an MTV composition. The spectral flare was a single pellet of a potassium benzoate, potassium perchlorate, Viton A mix and was 47mm in diameter and was 110mm in length. Both the primer flare and the spectral flare were provided with a central hole 6mm in diameter.
It can be seen that as the primer flare ignites there is a rapid increase in intensity to a very intense peak which rapidly drops away again. The duration of burning of the primer flare can be seen to be in the region of 200ms. It can also be seen that one IR band is very much more intense than the other. This is the situation with conventional flares but not with targets such as aircraft. After the primer flare has finished burning it can be seen that the spectral flare is already burning and that the intensity of both bands drop off to a lower level. However, the band which was, during burning of the primer flare, of lower intensity is now of greater intensity, which is the opposite situation to what would be expected for a conventional decoy and is similar to what the output from the target would be. This occurs a few hundred milliseconds after the primer flare ignited and therefore solely the spectral flare will be burning by the time the spectral discriminator of a missile's CCM system will have been activated.
It can be seen that the spectral flare bums with relatively consistent intensity in both bands for a few seconds, more than long enough for the target to be well outside the missile's field of view when the flare finally stops burning.
-12- Figures 4 5 show alternative embodiments of a primer flare suitable for use in decoy Sflare according to the present invention. Where appropriate like numerals have been used to designate like components.
NOReferring to figure 4 the primer flare 2 is formed from a single cylindrical pellet 42 having Ia central hole 12. The pellet 42 is also provide with a number of other holes 44 which pass 00 through the pellet, the inside surfaces of the central hole 12 and the holes 42 being coated with a primer paste to aid in ignition. The use of a single pellet with a number of holes can simplify the production of the primer flare as a single pellet can be easily machined, however the loss of material from the primer flare could necessitate the use of a larger pellet, depending upon the application.
For a 47mm diameter and 40mm long primer flare made from an MTV composition the desired burn rate can be achieved with one central hole 12 and five surrounding holes 42, each hole being of 6mm diameter. Additionally or alternatively transverse holes could be provided down the length of the primer pellet.
Figure 5 shows an a rectangular primer flare 50 comprising a single pellet with a central hole 52 and a number of grooves 54 running down the length of the pellet. The grooves may be a few mm thick and about 15mm deep depending upon the application and may be filled with primer paste to aid ignition.
The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that that prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
Claims (19)
1. An infra-red emitting decoy flare comprising a flare casing two pyrotechnic components housed within the flare casing and an ignition means (30) for igniting the pyrotechnic components characterised in that the two pyrotechnic components comprise a primer flare 50) and a spectral flare wherein the primer flare consists of at least one primer pellet 42; 52), each primer pellet being composed of a fast burning pyrotechnic composition and being adapted such that, in use, ignition of one primer pellet causes rapid ignition of all the primer pellets to produce an intense infra-red source, wherein the spectral flare consists of at least one spectral pellet each spectral pellet being of a pyrotechnic composition adapted such that, in use, ignition of the spectral pellets produces a spectral infra-red source wherein the ratio of the intensity of the infra-red spectrum at at least two fixed bands is within a fixed range, and wherein the primer flare 50) and spectral flare are adapted such that, in use, the spectral flare is still burning after the primer flare 50) has finished burning.
2. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 1 wherein the spectral flare is adapted such that the intensity of the infra-red radiation emitted, in use, is greater than that normally emitted from an intended target.
3. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the primer flare comprises a stack of discs of a pyrotechnic composition.
4. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the primer flare is provided with a central hole (12). I I -14- An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the Sprimer flare is provided with a plurality of holes (44).
6. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the primer IND flare (50) has a plurality of grooves (54) in its surface. oO 00 C, 7. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the burn time of the primer flare 50) is within the range of 100 to 600ms.
8. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 7 wherein the burn time of the primer flare 50) is in the range of 150 to 250ms.
9. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the spectral flare comprises a single pellet An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 9 wherein the spectral flare is provided with a central hole (14).
11. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the spectral flare and primer flare 50) are adapted such that, in use, the spectral flare is ignited by the burning of the primer flare
12. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the primer flare 50) is formed from a fast burning magnesium-Teflon-Viton composition.
13. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the primer flare 50) is formed from a pyrotechnic composition adapted such that, in use, ignition of the primer pellet produces an intense spectral infra-red source wherein the P:\OPERUcc\2001228616 Isp..doc.22I0i/S c ratio of the intensity of the infra-red spectrum at at least two fixed bands is within a fixed Ni range.
14. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 13 wherein the primer flare (2; NO 5 50) is comprised of a composition of potassium benzoate, potassium perchlorate and a 00 CI binder chosen from the group of RDX, HMX or HNS. c-i O O 15. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the spectral flare is formed from a pyrotechnic composition which produces quantities of gas on ignition.
16. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the spectral flare is formed from a composition comprising an organic fuel, an oxidant and a binder.
17. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 16 wherein the organic fuel is chosen from the group consisting of sucrose, lactose, starch and potassium benzoate.
18. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein the spectral flare is formed from a composition comprising a boron fuel, an oxidant and a binder.
19. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 18 wherein the oxidant is chosen from the group consisting of potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and ammonium nitrate. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 19 wherein the binder is chosen from the group consisting of Viton A, dextrin and polybutyl rubber.
21. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 19 wherein the binder is an explosive material having a waxy composition. P:\OPERUJcc2001228616 lspa.doc-22103/0 c -16- ,I 22. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 21 wherein the binder is chosen from the group consisting of RDX, HMX and HNS. INO 0 5 23. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 1 wherein the spectral flare OO 00 Ci composition is formed from a mix of 30-40% by mass of potassium benzoate and by mass of potassium perchlorate together with 3-8% by mass of Viton A, RDX, O HMX or HNS.
24. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 1 wherein the spectral flare composition is formed from a mix of 30% by mass of boron and 70% by mass of potassium nitrate together with a Viton A binder. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 18 wherein the spectral flare composition comprises a silicon additive.
26. An infra-red emitting decoy flare as claimed in claim 25 wherein the spectral flare composition is formed from a mix of 20% by mass of boron, 10% by mass of silicon and 70% by mass of potassium nitrate together with a Viton A binder.
27. An infra-red emitting decoy flare substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the figures. DATED this 22nd day of March, 2005 The Secretary of State for Defence By DAVIES COLLISON CAVE Patent Attorneys for the Applicant
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2000/004762 WO2002048641A1 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU2001228616A1 AU2001228616A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
AU2001228616B2 true AU2001228616B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
Family
ID=9886604
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001228616A Ceased AU2001228616B2 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
AU2861601A Pending AU2861601A (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2861601A Pending AU2861601A (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20040011235A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1342047B1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2001228616B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2432050C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60026180T2 (en) |
IL (2) | IL156406A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002048641A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002048641A1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | The Secretary Of State For Defence | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
US7914633B1 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2011-03-29 | Hodgdon Powder Company, Inc. | White propellant compositions |
US7640858B1 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2010-01-05 | Kilgore Flares Company, Llc | Stacked pellet flare assembly and methods of making and using the same |
DE102004043991C5 (en) * | 2004-09-11 | 2015-11-05 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Infrared decoys and its use |
US7377217B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2008-05-27 | The Boeing Company | Decoy device and system for anti-missile protection and associated method |
US20060231179A1 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-19 | Louise Guindon | Non-toxic, metallic-boron-containing, IR tracer compositions and IR tracer projectiles containing the same for generating a dim visibility IR trace |
DE102006030679A1 (en) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-01-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnic set |
US7469640B2 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-12-30 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Flares including reactive foil for igniting a combustible grain thereof and methods of fabricating and igniting such flares |
DE102007040529B4 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2013-08-01 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | seeker |
US8267014B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2012-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multiple-bay ejection device |
DE102010013110A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Encapsulated active body for an IR deception or decoy |
US8677904B2 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2014-03-25 | Matthew D. Rexford | Tricolor flare projectile |
US9194669B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2015-11-24 | Orbital Atk, Inc. | Flares with a consumable weight and methods of fabrication and use |
FR2991666B1 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2015-02-27 | Mbda France | METHOD, DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR SINKING FOR THE PROTECTION OF AN AIRCRAFT |
WO2013187926A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Non lethal payloads and methods of producing same |
DE102012013961A1 (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-01-16 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Insensitive explosives active substance |
DE102013010266A1 (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-18 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Decoy target active body with a pyrotechnic active mass |
FR3018112B1 (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2018-04-20 | Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S.A. | AIRCRAFT SANDING CARTRIDGE |
US9365465B2 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2016-06-14 | Orbital Atk, Inc. | Illumination compositions, illumination flares including the illumination compositions, and related methods |
DE102014012657B4 (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2019-12-19 | Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Active body with an active mass and a covering |
DE202014006882U1 (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2014-09-18 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Active body with an active mass and a coating |
US9726466B2 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-08-08 | Dmd Systems, Llc | Fuel/air concussion apparatus |
US10330449B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2019-06-25 | Raytheon Company | Dispenser and dispensing system for radar jamming material |
DE102017124351A1 (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-18 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | decoys |
CN110119571B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2022-11-15 | 西北工业大学 | Infrared deviation simulation method for infrared point source bait bomb |
DE102019126466A1 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-01 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Active body and method for igniting an active body |
US11578014B1 (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2023-02-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Process for preparing pyrophoric foam granules |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5074216A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1991-12-24 | Loral Corporation | Infrared signature enhancement decoy |
GB2283303A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-05-03 | Secr Defence | High intensity infra-red pyrotechnic decoy flare |
GB2283559A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-05-10 | Secr Defence | Propelled pyrotechnic decoy flare |
GB2300035A (en) * | 1993-07-29 | 1996-10-23 | Lacroix Soc E | Infra-red decoy flare |
Family Cites Families (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3473472A (en) * | 1964-08-13 | 1969-10-21 | Us Navy | Photoflash cartridge |
US3479954A (en) * | 1968-05-07 | 1969-11-25 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Igniter system for illuminating compositions |
US3574889A (en) * | 1968-11-18 | 1971-04-13 | Charles H Hire | Multiport extruding die |
US3729351A (en) * | 1969-10-01 | 1973-04-24 | Us Navy | Flare composition comprising dry blend of metal fuel and eutectic mixture of oxidizer salts |
US3702354A (en) * | 1970-02-20 | 1972-11-07 | Us Navy | Method for preparing polybutadiene acrylonitrile propellant and explosive materials and products thereof |
US3762327A (en) * | 1970-05-04 | 1973-10-02 | Pains Wessex Ltd | Pyrotechnic devices |
GB1331981A (en) * | 1971-01-19 | 1973-09-26 | Wallop Ind Ltd | Pyrotechnic device |
US3908550A (en) * | 1974-04-10 | 1975-09-30 | Us Navy | One hand operable distress signal |
US3960087A (en) * | 1974-10-04 | 1976-06-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Smoke and illumination signal |
US4171669A (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1979-10-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Decoy flare |
DE2811016C1 (en) * | 1978-03-14 | 1986-07-17 | Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co, 8230 Bad Reichenhall | Throwing body |
US4860657A (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1989-08-29 | Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co. | Projectile |
US5435224A (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1995-07-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Infrared decoy |
US6675716B1 (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 2004-01-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Pyrotechnic pellet decoy method |
FI842470A (en) * | 1984-06-19 | 1985-12-20 | Raikka Oy | HOEGENENERGIBLANDNING SOM AER AVSEDD FOER DRIVAEMNEN, PYROTEKNISKA BLANDNINGAR, SPRAENGAEMNEN ELLER MOTSVARANDE OCH FOERFARANDE FOER DESS FRAMSTAELLNING. |
US4632714A (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1986-12-30 | Megabar Corporation | Microcellular composite energetic materials and method for making same |
US5056435A (en) * | 1989-11-29 | 1991-10-15 | Jones Leon L | Infrared illuminant and pressing method |
US5136032A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1992-08-04 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Method for separating phosphopolyol compounds using a separating agent |
CA2027254C (en) * | 1990-10-10 | 1996-08-06 | John Louis Halpin | Flame-stabilized pyrophoric ir decoy flare |
GB9120801D0 (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-03-08 | Secr Defence | Propelled pyrotechnic decoy flare |
US5313888A (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1994-05-24 | Martin Brian D | Pull-wire igniter for flares |
DE69333654T2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 2005-02-17 | Alliant Techsystems Inc., Edina | Compressible infrared lighting compositions |
JP3542354B2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 2004-07-14 | アライアント・テクシステムズ・インコーポレーテッド | Castable infrared emitting composition |
FR2729749B1 (en) * | 1993-07-29 | 1997-05-23 | Lacroix Soc E | INFRARED LURE CARTRIDGE AND LURE DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH A CARTRIDGE |
DE4327976C1 (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1995-01-05 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Flare charge for producing decoys |
US5587552A (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1996-12-24 | Thiokol Corporation | Infrared illuminating composition |
US5487851A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1996-01-30 | Thiokol Corporation | Composite gun propellant processing technique |
US5427032A (en) * | 1994-03-23 | 1995-06-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Flare-antenna unit for system in which flare is remotely activated by radio |
US5472533A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1995-12-05 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Spectrally balanced infrared flare pyrotechnic composition |
US5561259A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1996-10-01 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Decoy flare with sequencer ignition |
WO1996029564A2 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-26 | Thiokol Corporation | Infrared tracer compositions |
US5763818A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1998-06-09 | Thiokol Corporation | Illuminant igniter pellet ignition system for use in a decoy flare |
US5834680A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1998-11-10 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Black body decoy flare compositions for thrusted applications and methods of use |
US5661257A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-08-26 | Thiokol Corporation | Multispectral covert target marker |
US5631441A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1997-05-20 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | XDM pyrophoric countermeasure flare |
US6427599B1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2002-08-06 | Bae Systems Integrated Defense Solutions Inc. | Pyrotechnic compositions and uses therefore |
US6170399B1 (en) * | 1997-08-30 | 2001-01-09 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Flares having igniters formed from extrudable igniter compositions |
US5866840A (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-02-02 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National | Nozzles for pyrophoric IR decoy flares |
US6055909A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-05-02 | Raytheon Company | Electronically configurable towed decoy for dispensing infrared emitting flares |
US6230628B1 (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2001-05-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Infrared illumination compositions and articles containing the same |
DE19910074B4 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2005-02-10 | Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh | Launcher for shooting a plurality of active bodies as well as litter plant using them |
US6484617B1 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2002-11-26 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Assembly and process for controlled burning of landmine without detonation |
GB2354573A (en) * | 1999-09-23 | 2001-03-28 | Secr Defence | An obscurant device |
WO2002048641A1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | The Secretary Of State For Defence | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
DE10065816B4 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2009-04-23 | Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh | Ammunition for generating a fog |
US6412416B1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-07-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Propellant-based aerosol generation devices and method |
US6662700B2 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-12-16 | Raytheon Company | Method for protecting an aircraft against a threat that utilizes an infrared sensor |
-
2000
- 2000-12-13 WO PCT/GB2000/004762 patent/WO2002048641A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-13 AU AU2001228616A patent/AU2001228616B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-13 AU AU2861601A patent/AU2861601A/en active Pending
- 2000-12-13 IL IL15640600A patent/IL156406A0/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-13 US US10/450,063 patent/US20040011235A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-13 EP EP00993925A patent/EP1342047B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-13 CA CA002432050A patent/CA2432050C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-13 DE DE60026180T patent/DE60026180T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-06-11 IL IL156406A patent/IL156406A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-08-24 US US11/895,350 patent/US20070295236A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5074216A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1991-12-24 | Loral Corporation | Infrared signature enhancement decoy |
GB2283303A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-05-03 | Secr Defence | High intensity infra-red pyrotechnic decoy flare |
GB2283559A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-05-10 | Secr Defence | Propelled pyrotechnic decoy flare |
GB2300035A (en) * | 1993-07-29 | 1996-10-23 | Lacroix Soc E | Infra-red decoy flare |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2432050C (en) | 2009-06-23 |
IL156406A (en) | 2008-03-20 |
US20070295236A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
IL156406A0 (en) | 2004-01-04 |
DE60026180T2 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
US20040011235A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
EP1342047A1 (en) | 2003-09-10 |
CA2432050A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
EP1342047B1 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
DE60026180D1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
WO2002048641A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
AU2861601A (en) | 2002-06-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2001228616B2 (en) | Infra-red emitting decoy flare | |
US7299735B2 (en) | Device for the disruption of explosive ordnance | |
AU660914B1 (en) | High Intensity Infra-Red Pyrotechnic Decoy Flare | |
CA2402415C (en) | Projectile for the destruction of large explosive targets | |
US6298784B1 (en) | Heat transfer delay | |
AU660915B1 (en) | Propelled Pyrotechnic Decoy Flare | |
US2703960A (en) | Rocket | |
US3771451A (en) | Low pressure ballistic system | |
US2436305A (en) | Ammunition | |
US10775139B2 (en) | Debris-free combustible aerial shell with improved pyrotechnic dispersion | |
US6363855B1 (en) | Solid propellant rocket motor thermally initiated venting device | |
US3734020A (en) | Igniter for propelling charges | |
US7051655B1 (en) | Low-energy optical detonator | |
JPH09196600A (en) | Fast smoke generating hand grenade | |
JPH01164789A (en) | Signal projictile composition and signal projectile containing this composition | |
GB2354060A (en) | Infra-red emitting decoy flare | |
GB2295664A (en) | Apparatus for explosive ordnance disposal | |
AU764554B1 (en) | Expendable infra-red radiating means | |
US7980178B1 (en) | Environmentally friendly percussion primer | |
US2737889A (en) | Incendiary shell | |
RU2492409C1 (en) | Cartridge of sound and light action for tubeless weapon | |
US3103884A (en) | Cartridge for more nearly uniform projectile velocities | |
RU2156949C1 (en) | Cartridge | |
GB2238602A (en) | Sabot booster | |
US8181576B1 (en) | Projectile for standoff destruction of explosive devices |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |