EP1306643A1 - Détonateur optique basse énergie - Google Patents
Détonateur optique basse énergie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1306643A1 EP1306643A1 EP02292357A EP02292357A EP1306643A1 EP 1306643 A1 EP1306643 A1 EP 1306643A1 EP 02292357 A EP02292357 A EP 02292357A EP 02292357 A EP02292357 A EP 02292357A EP 1306643 A1 EP1306643 A1 EP 1306643A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- detonator
- ignition
- explosive
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
Definitions
- the present invention relates to optical detonators low energy in which priming is achieved by a laser source that can be, for example a diode laser.
- a detonator is a device designed to prime detonation an external load of secondary explosive downstream; for this, any detonator contains a small amount of secondary explosive (100 mg to 1 g) which must be brought into detonation (at least) in its terminal part from the energy supplied to the entry of the detonator by an external source.
- the optical detonator is of the type comprising a secondary explosive arranged in a cavity, an optical fiber connected by a first end to a source of laser radiation, and a optical focusing interface located between the other end of the optical fiber and the secondary explosive and adapted to transmit laser radiation to the secondary explosive.
- secondary explosives are called relatively insensitive explosives, as opposed to primary explosives, eg lead azide, who are very sensitive and therefore dangerous.
- the light energy of the laser radiation from a solid laser source in relaxed mode or a quasi-continuous laser diode is used. limited space of 1 cm 3 ) via an optical fiber to ignite the charged secondary explosive at the optical interface.
- optical detonators compared electric detonators in which the substance explosive near the input interface is in contact intimate and permanent with an electrical wire resistive heating up when passing through it a electrical current and transmitting its heat through thermal conduction to the explosive substance that the coating but can be activated accidentally by unexpected electrostatic discharges or induced currents due to radiation electromagnetic parasites.
- the state of the technique teaches to optically boost the explosive secondary, ie to mix with this explosive secondary (particle size close to 3 ⁇ m) between 1 and 3% by weight of ultrafine carbon black (from a particle size between 50 and 200 nm) which absorbs laser light.
- the laser energy threshold is lowered ignition, which ensures ignition thermal of the explosive composition even with laser diodes that deliver a nominal power of one watt for 10 milliseconds.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of secondary explosive crystals organic is a lot higher (between 3 and 7 times) than materials used for the construction of the detonator (silica optical interface, stainless steel or inconel loading body). Also, during the release constraints resulting from thermal shocks, cracks appear in the explosive composition compressed in the vicinity of the optical interface and the distribution of carbon black in the composition explosive is no longer homogeneous. Consequently, the secondary explosive is no longer sufficiently coated carbon black, which suddenly increases the energy threshold and reduces the efficiency of optical doping.
- the problem is to realize an optical detonator low energy whose effectiveness of the device ignition is reliable and high, especially when a such detonator is intended for use in severe environments.
- a layer of ignition powder is disposed in the cavity of the optical detonator of the aforementioned type, between the secondary explosive and the optical focusing interface.
- propellant powders are usually used in large quantities - a 120 mm barrel uses about 8 kg of propellant powder in a 10 liter chamber - and ignition of combustion such a large volume is difficult and makes it necessary the use of an igniter containing a powder ignition.
- Inflammators used to ignite powders propulsive are electrical igniters in which the ignition powder is ignited by thermal conduction of the heat released by the wires electric, the start of the chemical reaction between the oxidizing body and the reducing body being obtained when a very small amount of the ignition powder has reached the critical temperature of starting this reaction (typically 400 ° C).
- the combustion of the ignition powders used in the electrical igniters is generated by the high temperature released by resistive wires.
- the powders are lit by photon absorption of a luminous energy.
- an optical detonator comprising a ignition powder according to the present invention, their reliability is greatly increased by compared to those using optical dopants, especially with regard to those intended for use in severe environmental conditions.
- the trigger time of detonators according to the present invention is reduced by a factor of 5, 10, compared to optically detonators doped.
- the optical detonator 1 has a tip 2, a first floor 3 and a second floor 4.
- the tip 2 serves to support an optical fiber 5 which a first end is connected to a laser source, and whose second end 6 is free.
- the first floor 3 has a housing 7 inside from which an explosive secondary explosive is confined 8. This confinement is achieved by the walls of the structure 9 of the first stage 3, a device 10 to trigger the transition to detonation in the second floor 4 to a first end, and an optical focusing interface 11 at the other end.
- the second end 6 of the fiber Optical 5 is in the immediate vicinity of the optical focusing interface 11, this interface 11 serving as a separation between the housing 7 and the optical fiber 5.
- the second floor 4 has a housing 12 to inside which is confined a secondary explosive detonating 13. This confinement is achieved by the walls of the structure 14 of the second floor 4, the device 10 for triggering the transition to detonation in the second floor 4 and a plate 15 propelled during the detonation of second floor 4.
- an ignition powder 16 is disposed in the housing 7 of the first floor 3, between the explosive secondary explosive 8 and the interface focusing optics 11.
- the laser source is activated.
- the laser infrared light is transported by the optical fiber 5 and is focused on the powder ignition 16 by the optical interface of focusing 11 including a glass ball 11b associated with a glass plate 11c.
- the ignition powder 16 located in the first floor 3 is lit by absorption of laser infrared light and undergoes, as a result, a combustion.
- the oxidant is the reducing agent (the most frequent case), is absorbing the light energy provided by a near infrared radiation. Metals micronized reducing agents exhibit this optical absorption property.
- the laser ignition threshold of the ignition powder 16 depends on its loading density, stoichiometry and the particle size of its constituents.
- the compaction pressure of the ignition powder 16 will be chosen advantageously equal to that of the explosive secondary explosive 8, the density of loading of this explosive secondary explosive 8 being greater than 80% of its theoretical maximum density.
- an ignition powder 16 of which the particle size is small makes it possible to lower its threshold laser ignition. Effective focus of the task laser by the optical interface 11 necessary for lower the laser ignition energy threshold, reduce the laser spot with a diameter of 50 to 100 ⁇ m, so that the reducing metals used are in the form micronized (with a particle size less than 10 ⁇ m) for increase the absorption in the near infrared.
- the oxidizing minerals will preferably have a particle size neighbor.
- the secondary explosive Explosion-proof 8 located in the first floor 3 is lit by burning the ignition powder 16 with which he is in contact.
- the secondary explosive detonating 13 located in the second floor 4 is primed in detonation by the transmission of the energy released by the explosive secondary explosive 8.
- the transition to the detonation regime is triggered by the blast of the secondary explosive Explosion 8: the explosion causes the compaction dynamics of secondary explosive loading detonating 13.
- the high porosity of the explosive 13 (the compactness is close to 50%, the explosive having a big grain size and being loaded with a weak density) and the use of the disk 10a (which is in flake and acts as a piston crushing the column detonating secondary explosive 13 porous) promoting the transition deflagration - detonation over a distance scaled down.
- the plate 15 is propelled by detonation of explosive secondary explosive 13, this which detonates the external loading secondary explosive.
- the operation of the detonator 1 according to FIG. differs from that illustrated in Figure 3 only by the ignition of the detonating secondary explosive 13 (fourth time).
- transition to the detonation regime is triggered by the shock wave that is created during the impact of the 10b projectile disc propelled into the cavity 10c by the explosion of the explosive secondary explosive 8, this wave being focused on the bare surface of the detonating secondary explosive 13 by the configuration of this cavity 10c.
- detonating secondary explosive 13 has a fine granulometry and is loaded with a higher density that of explosive secondary explosives 13 used in blast-detonation transition detonators.
- optical focusing interface 11 a bar of gradient glass of index 11a (as shown in FIG. 1) instead of the glass ball 11b associated with the glass plate 11c (as illustrated in FIGS. and 3).
- a first advantage of the ignition powders 16 is that they easily absorb the laser light.
- the 16 ignition powder does not have to be mixed with a any optically doping material, it is lit by its own absorption of light energy.
- a second advantage of the ignition powders 16 is that they are chemically reactive.
- the powder ignition 16 undergoes combustion (chemical reaction exothermic) whose flame initiates the combustion of the explosive secondary explosive 8.
- the powder ignition 16 does not have to be mixed with the explosive secondary 8, a contact between the ignition powder 16 and the explosive secondary explosive 8 being sufficient.
- the ignition powder 16 only serves to light the explosion of the explosive secondary explosive 8 which remains the major energy material of the first floor 3. It only takes a thin layer of powder ignition 16 whose thickness is between 4 and 10 times less important than that of the secondary explosive For example, a thickness between 0.5 and 1 mm of ignition powder adjacent to a layer 4 mm explosive secondary explosive 8 (for example octogen) is enough to make a deflagration enabling the priming of the secondary explosive detonating 13.
- a third advantage of the ignition powders 16 is that they reduce the time to triggering the detonator by a factor of 5 or 10.
- the time taken to ignite the ignition powder 16 by absorption of the laser radiation, for the reaction chemical redox of this powder 16, and for the transmission of heat from this exothermic reaction to the secondary explosive 8 allowing his blast is shorter than the one set for the absorption of the laser radiation by the black of carbon and for conduction transmission thermal energy to secondary explosive allowing his blast.
- a fourth advantage of the ignition powders 16 is that they are physically stable.
- the ignition powder 16 is much more stable physically when she is subjected to holding trials shocks and thermal cycles and therefore remains integrates in contact with the optical interface 11.
- the ignition powder 16 has a coefficient of thermal expansion weaker than explosive secondary organic.
- the zirconium that is one of the reducing metals that can be used in these powders is ten times less expandable than the octogen.
- the ignition powder 16 is a powder redox composed of a mixture of reducing metal and of mineral oxidants. Indeed, these powders 16 absorb easily infrared laser light and have a particularly high flame temperature.
- the reducing metals are, for example, zirconium, zirconium-nickel alloys, titanium, hydrides of titanium, aluminum, or magnesium.
- the mineral oxidants used are, for example, the potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium dichromate, barium chromate, or iron oxides.
- the invention is not limited to powders ignition described above.
- Other powders absorbing laser light and generating reactions Exothermic substances may be suitable.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du premier étage d'un détonateur optique selon la présente invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un détonateur optique selon la présente invention, la transition dans le deuxième étage étant du type choc-détonation; et
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un détonateur optique selon la présente invention, la transition dans le deuxième étage étant du type déflagration-détonation.
- les thermites comprenant de l'aluminium et de l'oxyde de fer,
- les poudre de type ZPP, c'est à dire contenant pour l'essentiel du zirconium et du perchlorate de potassium, par exemple, un mélange comprenant 52% de zirconium, 42% de perchlorate de potassium, 5% de viton et 1% de graphite (pourcentage massique),
- une poudre contenant pour l'essentiel du zirconium et du chromate de baryum, par exemple, un mélange comprenant 45% de zirconium, 34% de chromate de baryum, 7% bichromate d'ammonium et 14% de perchlorate d'ammonium (pourcentage massique),
- une poudre contenant pour l'essentiel du titane et du perchlorate de potassium, par exemple, un mélange comprenant 40% de titane et 60% de perchlorate de potassium (pourcentage massique) ou un mélange comprenant 40% d'hydrure de titane TiHx et 60% de perchlorate de potassium (pourcentage massique), x étant égal à 0,2 ; 0,65 ou 1,65.
Claims (10)
- Détonateur optique (1) comprenant un explosif secondaire (8) disposé dans une cavité (7), une fibre optique (5) raccordée par une première extrémité à une source de rayonnement laser, et une interface optique de focalisation (11) située entre l'autre extrémité (6) de la fibre optique (5) et l'explosif secondaire (8) et adaptée à transmettre le rayonnement laser vers l'explosif secondaire (8), caractérisé en ce qu'une couche d'une poudre d'allumage (16) est disposée dans la cavité (7) entre l'explosif secondaire (8) et l'interface optique de focalisation (11).
- Détonateur optique (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la poudre d'allumage (16) contient un métal pulvérulent micronisé.
- Détonateur optique (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche de la poudre d'allumage (16) est entre 4 et 10 fois moins importante que l'épaisseur de l'explosif secondaire (8).
- Détonateur optique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la pression de compaction de la poudre d'allumage (16) est sensiblement égale à celle de l'explosif secondaire (8).
- Détonateur optique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la composition de la poudre d'allumage (16) est stoechiométrique à 15% près.
- Détonateur optique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la poudre d'allumage (16) est une poudre rédox composée d'un mélange de métal réducteur et d'oxydants minéraux.
- Détonateur optique (1) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le métal réducteur est du zirconium, un alliage de zirconium-nickel, du titane, un hydrure de titane, de l'aluminium ou du magnésium.
- Détonateur optique (1) selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'oxydant minéral est du perchlorate de potassium, du perchlorate d'ammonium, du chromate de baryum, du bichromate d'ammonium, du nitrate d'ammonium ou un oxyde de fer.
- Détonateur optique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le processus de transition vers la détonation déclenché dans le deuxième étage (4) est du type déflagration-détonation.
- Détonateur optique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le processus de transition vers la détonation déclenché dans le deuxième étage (4) est du type choc-détonation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0113911 | 2001-10-26 | ||
| FR0113911A FR2831659B1 (fr) | 2001-10-26 | 2001-10-26 | Detonateur optique basse energie |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1306643A1 true EP1306643A1 (fr) | 2003-05-02 |
| EP1306643B1 EP1306643B1 (fr) | 2010-03-03 |
Family
ID=8868793
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02292357A Expired - Lifetime EP1306643B1 (fr) | 2001-10-26 | 2002-09-25 | Détonateur optique basse énergie |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7051655B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1306643B1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE02292357T1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2831659B1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1742009A1 (fr) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-10 | Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis | Composition explosive pour allumage thermique par source laser et son dispositif d'amorcage |
| WO2010103231A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-16 | Seva Technologies | Générateur de gaz comprenant un dispositif énergisant non pyrotechnique |
| US7810430B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2010-10-12 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Wireless detonator assemblies, corresponding blasting apparatuses, and methods of blasting |
| EP2386819A1 (fr) | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-16 | Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis | Dispositif de mise à feu pour un initiateur |
| EP2390617A1 (fr) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | NEXTER Munitions | Détonateur sécurisé |
| EP2554529A1 (fr) | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-06 | Nexter Munitions | Détonateur de sécurité |
| WO2014180860A1 (fr) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-13 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7874250B2 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2011-01-25 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Nano-based devices for use in a wellbore |
| US7133604B1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2006-11-07 | Bergstein David M | Infrared air heater with multiple light sources and reflective enclosure |
| CN100393673C (zh) * | 2006-10-15 | 2008-06-11 | 江西省万载县美泰化工制造有限公司 | 花炮氧化剂及其制备方法 |
| RU2326263C1 (ru) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-06-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Исследовательский центр имени М.В. Келдыша" (ФГУП "Центр Келдыша") | Способ воспламенения компонентов топлива в камере сгорания ракетного двигателя и устройство для его осуществления (варианты) |
| US20150345922A1 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Igniter for Downhole Use Having Flame Control |
| JP6650830B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-24 | 2020-02-19 | 株式会社Ihiエアロスペース | レーザ点火装置 |
| US10088288B1 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2018-10-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Munition fuze with blast initiated inductance generator for power supply and laser ignitor |
| CN109631678B (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-06-29 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | 一种降低激光起爆能量的方法 |
| WO2021234025A1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-25 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Détonateur sans primaire basse tension |
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| US3724383A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1973-04-03 | Us Navy | Lasser stimulated ordnance initiation device |
| EP0296962A1 (fr) * | 1987-06-23 | 1988-12-28 | Thomson-Brandt Armements | Inflamatteur pour générateur pyrotechnique |
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| FR2692346A1 (fr) * | 1992-06-16 | 1993-12-17 | Davey Bickford | Amorce optique de générateur pyrotechnique à basse énergie. |
| WO1999000343A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-07 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Composition detonante pouvant etre mise a feu au laser, declencheurs et ensembles les comportant |
| EP1067357A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-10 | Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis | Détonateur optique à deux étages et à transition choc-détonation |
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-
2001
- 2001-10-26 FR FR0113911A patent/FR2831659B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-25 EP EP02292357A patent/EP1306643B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-25 DE DE0001306643T patent/DE02292357T1/de active Pending
- 2002-09-25 DE DE60235518T patent/DE60235518D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-21 US US10/277,910 patent/US7051655B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3724383A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1973-04-03 | Us Navy | Lasser stimulated ordnance initiation device |
| EP0296962A1 (fr) * | 1987-06-23 | 1988-12-28 | Thomson-Brandt Armements | Inflamatteur pour générateur pyrotechnique |
| EP0397572A1 (fr) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-14 | AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle | Dispositif d'amorçage photopyrotechnique comportant une microlentille sertie par un matériau à mémoire de forme et chaîne pyrotechnique utilisant ce dispositif |
| FR2692346A1 (fr) * | 1992-06-16 | 1993-12-17 | Davey Bickford | Amorce optique de générateur pyrotechnique à basse énergie. |
| WO1999000343A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-07 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Composition detonante pouvant etre mise a feu au laser, declencheurs et ensembles les comportant |
| EP1067357A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-10 | Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis | Détonateur optique à deux étages et à transition choc-détonation |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7810430B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2010-10-12 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Wireless detonator assemblies, corresponding blasting apparatuses, and methods of blasting |
| FR2888234A1 (fr) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-12 | Saint Louis Inst | Composition energetique dopee optiquement |
| US7784403B2 (en) | 2005-07-05 | 2010-08-31 | Deutsch-Franzosisches Forschungsinstitut | Optically doped energetic igniter charge |
| NO339580B1 (no) * | 2005-07-05 | 2017-01-09 | Deutsch Franzoesisches Forschungsinstitut Saint Louis | Optisk dopet energirik tennsats |
| EP1742009A1 (fr) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-10 | Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis | Composition explosive pour allumage thermique par source laser et son dispositif d'amorcage |
| CN102422120B (zh) * | 2009-03-11 | 2014-06-18 | 塞瓦技术公司 | 包含非烟火式供能装置的气体发生器 |
| WO2010103231A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-16 | Seva Technologies | Générateur de gaz comprenant un dispositif énergisant non pyrotechnique |
| FR2943128A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-17 | Seva Technologies | Generateur de gaz comprenant un dispositif energisant non pyrotechnique |
| CN102422120A (zh) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-04-18 | 塞瓦技术公司 | 包含非烟火式供能装置的气体发生器 |
| EP2386819A1 (fr) | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-16 | Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis | Dispositif de mise à feu pour un initiateur |
| FR2960541A1 (fr) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-02 | Nexter Munitions | Detonateur securise |
| EP2390617A1 (fr) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | NEXTER Munitions | Détonateur sécurisé |
| EP2554529A1 (fr) | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-06 | Nexter Munitions | Détonateur de sécurité |
| US8915188B2 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2014-12-23 | Nexter Munitions | Security detonator |
| WO2014180860A1 (fr) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-13 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore |
| FR3005500A1 (fr) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique ameliore |
| US9970737B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 | 2018-05-15 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Optopyrotechnic initiator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7051655B1 (en) | 2006-05-30 |
| FR2831659B1 (fr) | 2004-04-09 |
| US20060096484A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| EP1306643B1 (fr) | 2010-03-03 |
| DE02292357T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
| DE60235518D1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
| FR2831659A1 (fr) | 2003-05-02 |
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