EP1301319B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von mosaiksteinen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von mosaiksteinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1301319B1
EP1301319B1 EP00951843A EP00951843A EP1301319B1 EP 1301319 B1 EP1301319 B1 EP 1301319B1 EP 00951843 A EP00951843 A EP 00951843A EP 00951843 A EP00951843 A EP 00951843A EP 1301319 B1 EP1301319 B1 EP 1301319B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
matrix
tesserae
groove
cutting
portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00951843A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1301319A1 (de
Inventor
Biagio Girlando
Francesco Cilia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GIEFFEVI EUROGROUP Srl
Original Assignee
Cieffevi Eurogroup Srl
GIEFFEVI EUROGROUP Srl
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Publication of EP1301319A1 publication Critical patent/EP1301319A1/de
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Publication of EP1301319B1 publication Critical patent/EP1301319B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/006—Artificial ageing of stones; Providing stones with an antique appearance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
    • B28B11/0818—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads for roughening, profiling, corrugating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
    • B28B11/0863—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads for profiling, e.g. making grooves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/14—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/12—Uniting ornamental elements to structures, e.g. mosaic plates
    • B44C3/123—Mosaic constructs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing mosaic tesserae.
  • it relates to a method for producing mosaic tesserae of antique appearance.
  • mosaic tesserae are produced as a result of a step in which a matrix, for example, made of marble or ceramics or constituted by an enamelled tile, is cut in suitable directions.
  • the cutting is performed by cutting units which make use of circular blades keyed to a rotary drive shaft.
  • European patent application No. 894 593 A particular method of producing tesserae of antique appearance is described in European patent application No. 894 593.
  • the method proposed by this document provides for the matrix to be cut by causing the circular blades of the cutting unit to operate on the surface of the matrix remote from the visible surface and without cutting the matrix completely.
  • This European patent application also proposes that the detachment of the tesserae be completed by a step in which the matrix is fractured along lines corresponding to the sections previously cut. According to this document, the fracturing produces tesserae which, as well as having uneven edges which can confer the desired antique appearance, also have a prismatic shape.
  • the prismatic shape of the individual tessera in which two opposed side faces are slightly recessed relative to the homologous sides of the upper visible face, leads to advantages with regard to the gluing of the tesserae.
  • the tesserae are placed side by side to form a mosaic, a space is created between them which the adhesive material can penetrate so as to be able to act on several faces of the tessera, so that its bonding strength is increased.
  • the problem upon which the present invention is based is that of proposing a method of producing mosaic tesserae, particularly but not exclusively of antique appearance, which do not have the disadvantages mentioned with reference to conventional techniques.
  • Figure 1 shows a section through a matrix 1 constituted, for example, by a marble slab or by an enamelled tile lying on a support bench 2.
  • the matrix 1 may also be made of other materials known in the field such as, for example, ceramics, double-fired and single-fired materials, porcelain, enamelled porcelain, "gres", stoneware, earthenware, granites, and glass.
  • the matrix 1 comprises a rear layer 3 having a laying surface 3' and a front layer 4 having a surface which is intended to be placed in view, and which is arranged parallel to and opposite the laying surface 3'.
  • the front layer 4 comprises the enamelled region and the rear layer 3 is associated with the inner body of the tile.
  • Figure 1 also shows a first cutting unit 5 comprising a series of cutting modules 6 each including a circular blade 7 keyed to a drive shaft 8.
  • the drive shaft 8, and hence the circular blades 7, can be rotated by a suitable motor (not shown).
  • the circular blades 7 comprise metal disks which, in the region of a circular outer band, are made of material suitable for cutting the matrix, such as certain steels and so-called “diamond".
  • Each cutting module 6 is such that it can form in the matrix 1 a cut of a predetermined width L 1 substantially corresponding to the thickness of each blade 7.
  • a suitable width for this cut is about 4 mm.
  • cutting units other than the cutting unit 5 comprising a series of cutting modules 6 each having two blades disposed side by side so as together to be able to produce a groove of width L 1 .
  • the cutting modules 6 are spaced apart in accordance with the planar dimensions of the tesserae to be produced and the cutting unit 5 is such as to permit vertical movements of the drive shaft 8 so as to be able to cut into the matrix 1 to predetermined depths.
  • the cutting unit 5 is lowered towards the matrix 1 with the blades 7 rotating so as to perform a preliminary cut in a first direction, within the rear layer 3, so as not to affect the front layer 4.
  • this preliminary cut is repeated in a second direction transverse the first direction and preferably perpendicular thereto, so as to define in the matrix 1 a grid comprising cells corresponding to the individual tesserae.
  • Figure 2 shows a section through the matrix 1 as it appears after the preliminary cutting step described above.
  • the preliminary cutting step forms in the matrix 1 grooves 10 of a width approximately equal to L 1 and of a depth such as not to bring about complete detachment of the portions of matrix defined by the grooves.
  • the portions of the matrix 1 defined by the grooves 10 remain connected to one another by means of walls 9 each formed, in the example shown, by a portion of the rear layer 3 and by a portion of the front layer 4.
  • a cutting step is performed on the matrix 1 by means of a second cutting unit 11 which can cut the walls 9 so as to form a groove 12 in each wall 9.
  • Each groove has a width L 2 less than the width L 1 , and has a depth such that the walls 9 are cut through completely.
  • the portions of the matrix 1 defined by the grooves 10 and 12 thus have a stepped cross-section.
  • the width L 2 of the grooves 12 is approximately 2 mm.
  • the cutting of the walls 9 may be performed by causing the cutting unit 11 to act on the matrix 1 starting from the rear layer 3 or starting from the front, visible surface.
  • the cutting of the walls 9 is preferably performed by introducing the circular blades associated with the second cutting unit through the grooves 10 without operating on the visible surface of the matrix 1.
  • steps of the cutting of the grooves 10 and of the cutting of the grooves 12 may also be reversed with respect to the order described, by first of all cutting the grooves 12 starting from the visible surface and then cutting the grooves 10 starting from the laying surface.
  • the step for cutting the walls 9 is typically repeated in a planar direction which enables the tesserae 14 to be detached completely.
  • the cutting unit 11 is formed, for example, with a series of circular blades 13 of thickness L 2 less than the thickness L 1 .
  • the circular blades 13 preferably have axes of symmetry A-A' extending substantially through a central point of the groove 10 so as to produce symmetrical tesserae.
  • the grooves 12 have cross-sections which are substantially rectangular, insofar as the tolerances of the circular blades 13 allow.
  • Figures 5a and 5b are a side view and a perspective view of a tessera 14 of the type produced as a result of the production steps described above, respectively.
  • the tessera 14 comprises a body 15 and a head 16 of substantially rectangular cross-section formed by a portion of the rear layer 3 and a portion of the front layer 4.
  • the head 16 comprises the visible surface 17, side faces 19, and lower faces 20 remote from the visible surface 17.
  • the body 15 of the tessera 14 comprises side faces 18 and the laying surface 3'.
  • the head 16 has a width L greater than the width l of the body 15.
  • the faces 18 of the body 15 are recessed relative to the homologous faces 19 parallel to the faces 18.
  • the head 16 may be wider than the body 15 with reference to both planar directions or with reference to only one direction.
  • the grooves formed in the walls 9 have a cross-section which is not rectangular like that of the grooves 12 but is substantially triangular or, in other words, "V"-shaped.
  • Figure 6 shows a matrix 1 similar to that of Figure 4 but comprising grooves 12' cut in the walls 9 and having a triangular cross-section.
  • These grooves 12' can be produced with the use of circular blades 13' formed with discs, for example, metal discs, the thickness of which becomes narrower in the region of their edges 21 so that they have a substantially triangular cross-section in this region. It is also pointed out that the maximum thickness of these blades 13' is less than the width of the groove 10. It will be noted that circular blades having a thickness which becomes thinner at the edges, such as the blades 13', are not as strong as blades of uniform thickness such as the blades 13 and therefore wear out more quickly. Since blades such as the blades 13' cut purely through the wall 9, these blades do not operate on the entire thickness of the matrix and the wear is thus reduced, achieving a satisfactory life of the blades.
  • Figure 7 shows a cross-section of a tessera 14' produced by the method described with reference to Figure 6.
  • Figure 7 the same reference numerals which were used in Figure 4 are used to indicate analogous portions of the tessera.
  • the tessera 14' has a substantially trapezoidal or "wedge"-shaped cross-section in which the visible surface 17 is joined to the side walls 18 of the body 15 by inclined walls 22.
  • the shapes of the tessera 14 and of the tessera 14' are particularly advantageous since, when several tesserae 14 or 14' are placed side by side to form a mosaic, intermediate cavities which the adhesive material can enter are created between them.
  • the adhesive material thus acts not only on the. laying surface 3' but also on the faces 18 and 20, or on the faces 18 and 22.
  • the heads 16 have regular and substantially smooth edges.
  • This step of producing an antique appearance may be performed in various ways such as, for example, by operating with suitable nippers, with a hammer and chisel, or with a pneumatic hammer.
  • the step of producing an antique appearance may also be performed automatically. For example, after the tesserae 14 or 14' have been separated from one another, they are moved on a conveyor belt towards two toothed wheels disposed on either side of the belt. When these toothed wheels, which are made, for example, of steel, are rotated, they attack the edges of the tesserae 14 or 14', removing small portions from the edges of their heads.
  • a step of chamfering or rounding off the sharp edges present on the tesserae and resulting from the steps of the method described above is then performed.
  • this step of rounding off the edges may be performed by a conventional "tumbling barrel".
  • a tumbling barrel comprises a flat surface which can house the tesserae and can be vibrated. During the vibration of the flat surface, the tesserae strike one another so as to be subjected to the desired rounding-off of the edges.
  • Figure 8 shows a tessera 14 after the above-described steps for producing an antique appearance and rounding off the edges.
  • the method according to the invention does not require any fracturing operation which, as described above, is particularly critical because it is such as to compromise the structural characteristics of the tessera.
  • the tesserae produced by the method according to the invention have a particularly strong structure and are substantially free of fissures or cracks in the visible surface and in the innermost layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Mosaiksteinen (14) aus einer plattenartigen Grundsubstanz (1), die eine Verlegungsoberfläche (39) und eine gegenüberliegende sichtbare Oberfläche aufweist, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Schneiden, mit einer ersten Schneideinrichtung (7) und ausgehend von der Verlegungsoberfläche der Grundsubstanz, zumindest einer ersten Rille (10), deren Tiefe geringer ist als die Dicke der Grundsubstanz, um zumindest zwei Abschnitte der Grundsubstanz und eine Wand (9), die die zumindest zwei Abschnitte verbindet, zu definieren, und
    Ablösen der zumindest zwei Abschnitte entlang einer Trennungslinie, die in der Wand liegt, um die Mosaiksteine herzustellen, wobei der Ablöseschritt einen Schritt des Schneidens in der Wand, mittels einer zweiten Schneideinrichtung (13), einer zweiten Rille (12) einer derartigen Tiefe, um die zumindest zwei Abschnitte der Grundsubstanz zu trennen, und einer Breite, die geringer ist als die Breite der ersten Rille, umfasst,
    Angreifen von Kanten der Mosaiksteine, die sich aus dem Ablöseschritt ergeben, unter Verwendung einer externen mechanischen Einrichtung zum Entfernen von Abschnitten der Mosaiksteine, die auf der sichtbaren Oberfläche angeordnet sind, um den Mosaiksteinen ein antikes Erscheinungsbild zu verleihen,
    Platzieren der Mosaiksteine auf einem Rommelfass, das sich von der externen mechanischen Einrichtung unterscheidet, und Abrunden scharfer Kanten der Mosaiksteine, die sich aus dem Angriffsschritt ergeben.
  2. Ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die zweite Rille in einer im Wesentlichen mittigen Region der Wand geschnitten wird.
  3. Ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die zweite Rille ausgehend von einer Oberfläche der Wand, die von der sichtbaren Oberfläche der Grundsubstanz entfernt ist, geschnitten wird.
  4. Ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die zweite Rille ausgehend von der sichtbaren Oberfläche der Grundsubstanz geschnitten wird.
  5. Ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die zweite Rille einen im Wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist.
  6. Ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die zweite Rille einen im Wesentlichen dreieckigen Querschnitt aufweist.
EP00951843A 2000-07-20 2000-07-20 Verfahren zur herstellung von mosaiksteinen Expired - Lifetime EP1301319B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2000/000307 WO2002007940A1 (en) 2000-07-20 2000-07-20 Method for producing mosaic tesserae and tesserae obtainable by using those tesserae

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1301319A1 EP1301319A1 (de) 2003-04-16
EP1301319B1 true EP1301319B1 (de) 2005-05-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00951843A Expired - Lifetime EP1301319B1 (de) 2000-07-20 2000-07-20 Verfahren zur herstellung von mosaiksteinen

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1301319B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE294683T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2000264686A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60019980D1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002007940A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMO20020095A1 (it) * 2002-04-18 2003-10-20 Viki Ceramiche Artistiche Srl Metodo e apparato per il taglio di elementi lastriformi
ITMO20030231A1 (it) * 2003-08-07 2005-02-08 Itiemm S R L Apparato e metodo per fabbricare un manufatto decoratore e manufatto decoratore
ITTV20110036A1 (it) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-15 Gianantonio Moretto Sistema per creazione e lavorazione di tessere mosaico e minuterie
ITUB20153539A1 (it) * 2015-09-10 2017-03-10 Ake S R L Procedimento per la realizzazione di tessere per mosaico
IT202100019604A1 (it) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-23 Studio Immagine S R L Metodo ed impianto per la produzione di manufatti ceramici con bordi irregolari

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002002289A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-10 Casa Dolce Casa S.P.A. Method and fracturable tile for making tesserae and listels
WO2002002290A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-10 Casa Dolce Casa S.P.A. Tile and method for its production

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2670223A1 (fr) * 1990-12-06 1992-06-12 Maynadier Christian Element de construction pret a etre pose en revetement par pavage, son procede de fabrication et son procede de pose.
IT1294897B1 (it) * 1997-07-17 1999-04-23 Ker Av S R L Procedimento per la produzione di tessere per mosaico dotate di aspetto anticato e tessere cosi' riprodotte.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002002289A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-10 Casa Dolce Casa S.P.A. Method and fracturable tile for making tesserae and listels
WO2002002290A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-10 Casa Dolce Casa S.P.A. Tile and method for its production

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1301319A1 (de) 2003-04-16
WO2002007940A1 (en) 2002-01-31
AU2000264686A1 (en) 2002-02-05
DE60019980D1 (de) 2005-06-09
WO2002007940A8 (en) 2002-05-23
ATE294683T1 (de) 2005-05-15

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