EP1295352A1 - Polymer-elektrolyt-membran, (pem)-brennstoffzelle mit heizelement, pem-brennstoffzellenanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer pem-brennstoffzellenanlage - Google Patents
Polymer-elektrolyt-membran, (pem)-brennstoffzelle mit heizelement, pem-brennstoffzellenanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer pem-brennstoffzellenanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP1295352A1 EP1295352A1 EP01956280A EP01956280A EP1295352A1 EP 1295352 A1 EP1295352 A1 EP 1295352A1 EP 01956280 A EP01956280 A EP 01956280A EP 01956280 A EP01956280 A EP 01956280A EP 1295352 A1 EP1295352 A1 EP 1295352A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- heating element
- pem fuel
- pem
- cell system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003797 telogen phase Effects 0.000 claims 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MQSMIOKTOYAPHO-WEVVVXLNSA-N [(e)-5-hydroperoxypent-1-enyl]benzene Chemical compound OOCCC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 MQSMIOKTOYAPHO-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-NTXLUARGSA-N (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=CCCC1(C)C ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-NTXLUARGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZKIHKMTEMTJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XZKIHKMTEMTJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100030289 Chronophin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150062722 PDXP gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a PEM fuel cell with a heating element, a method for operating a PEM fuel cell system and an associated PEM fuel cell system.
- a PEM fuel cell with an integrated heating element is known from the older, not previously published WO 00/59058 AI.
- the heating element is first started on a cold start.
- the disadvantage of this system is that there is no device which prevents the temperature of the fuel cell system from falling below the freezing point of the electrolyte, for example by starting the heating element. 0
- a fuel cell battery has one electrolyte per fuel cell unit, as in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, for example, a membrane or matrix in which the proton-conducting (eg water) and / or the self-dissociating (eg phosphoric acid) compound is bound ,
- the membrane resistance of the PEM fuel cell increases due to the freezing of the stored water or the stored phosphoric acid , leaps and bounds by 2-3 powers of ten.
- autothermal heating of a fuel cell unit in particular when operating the PEM fuel cell at elevated temperatures, is not possible without further measures. 5
- either the battery, even without use, can be maier load be operated so that the temperature does not drop below freezing, or a thermal sensor can be installed so that the moment the temperature drops so far that the electrolyte resistance threatens to jump, the battery starts and the fuel cell by operation at a temperature above the freezing point of the electrolyte.
- the object of the invention is to provide a fuel cell with a heating element, by means of which the temperature of the cell / stack is prevented from falling below a predeterminable value, and to specify an associated method.
- the invention relates to a PEM fuel cell with at least one heating element with an integrated thermal sensor.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating a fuel cell / a fuel cell system, in which the temperature in the cell and / or in the stack during a heating element with an integrated thermal sensor arranged in each cell and / or in at least each stack the resting phase of the system is kept essentially above the freezing point of the electrolyte.
- the heating element is preferably made of a material that has a different resistance depending on the temperature. It is characteristic of these materials that the resistance of the material increases drastically above a certain, substance-specific temperature (reference temperature).
- H- tr ri- Hi P ⁇ ⁇ tr pj ⁇ 4 P PJ DJ H H- PH Hi P- HN Hi cn? ⁇ - ⁇ P ri- ⁇ H- PO H- tr ⁇ rt P ⁇ rt rt tr r P H3 ⁇ rt N ⁇ s: H- rt C ⁇ l ⁇ d
- the single figure shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system with an exemplary illustrated fuel cell stack made up of a plurality of fuel cells which have elements for heating and for detecting the temperature and associated control and supply units.
- a fuel cell stack is designated 1, which consists of a plurality of individual fuel cells 10, 10 ⁇ , ..., which are mechanically stacked on top of one another, but are electrically connected in series.
- 2 is an access line and 3 is an outgoing line for operating media.
- Operating media of this type are hydrogen (H 2 ) or hydrogen-rich gas on the one hand and oxygen (0 2 ) or ambient air on the other hand as reactants for the fuel cell reaction and furthermore a liquid coolant, in particular.
- the individual fuel cells 10, 10, ... each have heating elements 100, 100 ⁇ , ... with integrated thermal sensors 100a, 100a ⁇ , ... not shown in detail.
- the heating elements 100, 100 ⁇ , ... are in operative connection with a supply device which, on the one hand, detects signals from the thermal sensors 100a, 100a ⁇ , ... integrated in the heating elements 100, 100 ⁇ , ... and, on the other hand, detects the signals after processing for the temperature control of the individual fuel cells 10, 10 ⁇ , ... delivers the required energy.
- an evaluation device 20 has a microprocessor for software-controlled evaluation of the signals supplied by the thermal sensors 100a, 100a ⁇ ,.
- H- P ⁇ P o ⁇ cn Hi O ⁇ ⁇ H3 P ⁇ - ⁇ rt Hi rt ⁇ ⁇ P ⁇ - H- 1 Hi y 0 C ⁇ ⁇ - H- 1 rt PPP H- 3 DJ N ⁇ P ⁇ - o PP PJ H- 1 PP ⁇ rt P Hi p tr ⁇ rt rt O
- thermal sensor or one, e.g. Thermally conductive, provided with a heating element with an integrated thermal sensor.
- metal and / or thermally and / or electron-conductive plastic, carbon paper, fabric or the like it being possible, for example, to use a wire coated with plastic.
- the preferred form of the heating element is of course such that it disturbs as little as possible in the component of the fuel cell unit in which it is integrated and takes as little damage as possible during normal operation.
- the heating element as a bare metal wire, can be easily integrated both in the gas diffusion layer and in the pole plate of the respective fuel cell.
- the wire that e.g. is covered with a thermally conductive plastic is also favorable in the electrolyte, e.g. in the polymer membrane, housed or laminated. It is advantageous if the heating element also mechanically strengthens and / or strengthens the membrane or matrix.
- the heating element is started regardless of the operation of the fuel cell battery as soon as the temperature causes the resistance of the material to fall below the value of the applied voltage.
- the external energy source is a rechargeable battery and / or a battery that e.g. can be recharged during operation via the fuel line system.
- the external energy source can just as well be an electrical connection to an energy supply network, e.g. to an existing landline.
- the heating element is integrated in one or in both gas diffusion layers of a fuel cell unit.
- the working temperature can be reached quickly when the fuel cell system is started.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10031062A DE10031062A1 (de) | 2000-06-26 | 2000-06-26 | Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran(PEM)-Brennstoffzelle mit Heizelement,PEM-Brennstoffzellenanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer PEM-Brennstoffzellenanlage |
| DE10031062 | 2000-06-26 | ||
| PCT/DE2001/002305 WO2002001662A1 (de) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-22 | Polymer-elektrolyt-membran(pem) - brennstoffzelle mit heizelement, pem-brennstoffzellenanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer pem-brennstoffzellenanlage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1295352A1 true EP1295352A1 (de) | 2003-03-26 |
Family
ID=7646831
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01956280A Withdrawn EP1295352A1 (de) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-22 | Polymer-elektrolyt-membran, (pem)-brennstoffzelle mit heizelement, pem-brennstoffzellenanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer pem-brennstoffzellenanlage |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20030129461A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1295352A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004502282A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2414591A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10031062A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002001662A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6737182B2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2004-05-18 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Heated interconnect |
| US6821666B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2004-11-23 | The Regents Of The Univerosity Of California | Method of forming a package for mems-based fuel cell |
| US6955861B2 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2005-10-18 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system, and method of protecting a fuel cell from freezing |
| JP4221942B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-27 | 2009-02-12 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| JP3801111B2 (ja) | 2002-07-05 | 2006-07-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| US7045234B2 (en) | 2002-08-14 | 2006-05-16 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Fuel-cell integral multifunction heater and methods |
| JP2004342430A (ja) * | 2003-05-15 | 2004-12-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システムおよびその運転方法 |
| JP4654569B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-23 | 2011-03-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
| US7563526B2 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2009-07-21 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and method for removal of water from fuel cells |
| JP4407211B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-02 | 2010-02-03 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| US20050079397A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-04-14 | Holger Winkelmann | Metal hydride heating element |
| JP2006331731A (ja) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-12-07 | Kri Inc | 膜−電極接合体及びこれを用いた固体高分子形燃料電池 |
| US7935449B2 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2011-05-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | PTC element as a self regulating start resistor for a fuel cell stack |
| KR100980995B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-19 | 2010-09-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지용 지능형 전극막 |
| NL2006266C2 (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-22 | Hyet Holding B V | Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell or redox flow battery. |
| JP5764000B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-21 | 2015-08-12 | 株式会社フジクラ | 燃料電池の温度制御装置 |
| DE102015206423A1 (de) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Membran-Elektroden-Einheit mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Element |
| JP6780950B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2020-11-04 | 株式会社フジクラ | 燃料電池、燃料電池スタック、燃料電池システム、及びバイポーラプレート |
| DE102019207107A1 (de) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-19 | Audi Ag | Brennstoffzellenstapel mit endständigem Heizelement, Brennstoffzellensystem und Fahrzeug |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6144025A (ja) * | 1984-08-07 | 1986-03-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 自動車用電源装置 |
| JPH0589900A (ja) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-09 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
| US5942344A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1999-08-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High-temperature fuel cell system and method for its operation |
| US6068941A (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2000-05-30 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Start up of cold fuel cell |
| US6638654B2 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2003-10-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | MEMS-based thin-film fuel cells |
| US6214487B1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2001-04-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Integral sensors for monitoring a fuel cell membrane and methods of monitoring |
| WO2000054356A1 (de) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-09-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennstoffzellenbatterie mit verbesserter kaltstartperformance und verfahren zum kaltstarten einer brennstoffzellenbatterie |
| WO2000059058A1 (de) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-10-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brennstoffzellenbatterie mit heizelement und verbesserter kaltstartperformance und verfahren zum kaltstarten einer brennstoffzellenbatterie |
| DE19928068C2 (de) * | 1999-06-14 | 2001-05-17 | Mannesmann Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem und dessen Verwendung |
-
2000
- 2000-06-26 DE DE10031062A patent/DE10031062A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-06-22 JP JP2002505707A patent/JP2004502282A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-22 EP EP01956280A patent/EP1295352A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-22 WO PCT/DE2001/002305 patent/WO2002001662A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-22 CA CA002414591A patent/CA2414591A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-12-26 US US10/329,973 patent/US20030129461A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-10-20 US US11/254,389 patent/US20060051640A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0201662A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20030129461A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
| DE10031062A1 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
| JP2004502282A (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
| US20060051640A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
| WO2002001662A1 (de) | 2002-01-03 |
| CA2414591A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: GROSSE, JOACHIM Inventor name: REIZIG, MEIKE Inventor name: KONIECZNY, JOERG-ROMAN Inventor name: BRUECK, ROLF |
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| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT NL |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
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