EP1294427A1 - Procede d'humidification d'air respiratoire et humidificateur d'air pour appareil respiratoire - Google Patents

Procede d'humidification d'air respiratoire et humidificateur d'air pour appareil respiratoire

Info

Publication number
EP1294427A1
EP1294427A1 EP01940186A EP01940186A EP1294427A1 EP 1294427 A1 EP1294427 A1 EP 1294427A1 EP 01940186 A EP01940186 A EP 01940186A EP 01940186 A EP01940186 A EP 01940186A EP 1294427 A1 EP1294427 A1 EP 1294427A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
air
nozzle
humidifier according
humidifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01940186A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Hoffrichter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoffrichter GmbH
Original Assignee
Hoffrichter GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoffrichter GmbH filed Critical Hoffrichter GmbH
Publication of EP1294427A1 publication Critical patent/EP1294427A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/16—Devices to humidify the respiration air
    • A61M16/162—Water-reservoir filling system, e.g. automatic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1075—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature
    • A61M16/109—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature the humidifying liquid or the beneficial agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/36—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling
    • A61M2205/3653—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling by Joule effect, i.e. electric resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for humidifying according to the preamble of claim 1 and an air humidifier for a respirator according to the preamble of claim 3.
  • Such ventilators are predominantly used as CP AP devices for the therapy of obstructive sleep apnea.
  • CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
  • the airways remain erect even when the pharynx tissue slackens in deep sleep, allowing the patient to breathe freely.
  • CP AP devices are mainly used in the medical home care sector and must therefore be kept in a hygienically perfect condition by the patient himself.
  • the increasing use of humidifiers by medically untrained people, even in warmer regions of the world, requires technical considerations to improve the design of humidifiers from a hygienic point of view.
  • CP AP ventilators consist of a housing, which usually contains a blower and an air connector.
  • the connector is used to connect a breathing tube that connects the ventilator to the patient's face mask.
  • additional humidifiers are used. These are either used in the form of an add-on device as external humidifiers or, as integrated humidifiers, are part of a ventilator. Humidifiers are always inserted in the air duct between the blower and the patient.
  • Alem air humidifiers are preferably designed to be heatable, the evaporation effect being able to be regulated with the set heating output or heating temperature.
  • Such a heatable humidifier is shown, for example, by DE 299 09 611.4 of the applicant and EP 535 952 AI, in which the compressed air from the air is passed through an evaporation chamber located above the water level in a container and thereby takes the water vapor generated by evaporation along with it.
  • a disadvantage of both humidifiers is that the heating line is very high and the efficiency is low, because for use, the entire amount of water stored in the water tank must be warm until the desired degree of evaporation is reached.
  • heating energy must also be constantly added, which does not provide any contribution to evaporation.
  • the user has to plan long preheating times, which does not exactly make the device customer-friendly. From a hygienic point of view, such humidifiers are disadvantageous.
  • the constant warming of the entire water supply provides an optimal basis for the growth and life of bacteria. An acute danger can arise if the container is not cleaned regularly and, for cost reasons or due to negligence, non-boiled tap water is poured in.
  • the water runs out of a height-limited water outlet opening from the water tank and thus over the entire bottom of the housing tank. Due to the limited air balance between the inside of the water tank and the two chambers, the water only rises to the level of the water outlet opening of the water tank. This creates a large water surface that is favorable for evaporation.
  • this humidifier does not have a heater. Should a heating device still be used, the heat would also extend to the water in the primary tank and circulate all of the water. This increases the time it takes to borrow the desired degree of evaporation. This also heats up the water in the storage container, which is not desirable for hygienic reasons.
  • the disadvantage is the hydrostatic pressure at the outlet opening of the downpipe due to the high water column. This creates a suction of the same amount in the ventilation pipe, which draws the water from the evaporation chamber up to the level of the water in the water tank. As a result, heated water collects in the upper part of the aeration pipe and releases its heat through the pipe wall to the water supply, which means that the suction and surface tension of water also initially retain the amount of water sucked into the aeration pipe when the water level in the evaporation chamber due to evaporation. Only when the area between the general water level in the evaporation chamber and the lower opening of the ventilation pipe exceeds a certain size does the water level, raised with the help of the surface tension, detach itself and a new refilling process begins.
  • This humidifier can only function reliably if the water level in the vaporization chamber is set sufficiently high. Otherwise there is a risk that no water will run into the evaporation chamber even when the device is slightly inclined. This means that a long preheating time is also required for this humidifier.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for humidifying breathing air and a generic humidifier for a respirator which precludes heating of the water supply, which shows its full humidification capacity shortly after being switched on and is uncomplicated to use.
  • the pressure drop is always constant, regardless of the level manufactured. This pressure difference is sufficient for the water to fall out safely in the form of a waterfall or in the form of water drops.
  • the suction in the air shaft is constantly small and unable to draw in the water level in the evaporation chamber to any appreciable extent. This enables a very precise regulation of the water level in the evaporation chamber with the height of the opening of the air shaft in the evaporation chamber.
  • the air volume in the air shaft very effectively prevents heat transfer from the evaporation chamber to the water supply. The prevention of any circulation also prevents contamination of the water tank from the inside.
  • the water level in the evaporation chamber can be kept low. This means that the humidifier is ready for operation after a few tens of seconds.
  • the practical handling is premature because the humidifier can only consist of two parts, namely the water reservoir and the closure element. This makes assembly extremely easy.
  • the narrow nozzle openings prevent a large amount of water from running out of the water storage tank into the evaporation chamber in a short time, for example if the water tank filled from below is not turned over quickly enough, or if the humidifier is turned over for a few more degrees ,
  • Heating the heating plate with the power loss of a power transistor has the advantage that the transistor can also be used as a temperature sensor.
  • the transistor can also be used as a temperature sensor.
  • its base emitter forward voltage must be measured, which can be automated. This voltage is linearly dependent on the temperature and can therefore be used to control the humidifier temperature.
  • Power transistors easily tolerate continuous temperatures up to 150 ° C, so they are ideal for heating water. Wild reaches the temperature of 150 ° C, this is a sign that the water supply has been used up and the electronics can the humidifier up switch off completely for the next filling process. This and the concealed heating plate eliminate the risk of accidents caused by burns.
  • Fig. 8 a combination of lock and key
  • Fig. 9 a scheme for attachment to a ventilator.
  • the humidifier then consists of a water storage container 1 and a closure element 2.
  • the water storage container 1 has a prismatic housing, the basic shape of which is expediently matched to the shape and dimensions of the housing 3 of the ventilator.
  • the water storage container 1 has a large front side surface 4, a large rear cable surface 5, two smaller side surfaces 6 further apart, and a cover surface 7 and a bottom surface 8, which together enclose a water-bearing storage chamber 9.
  • the bottom surface 8 has a cylindrical central connector 10 which carries a sealing ring 11. Openings are arranged on the cross section of the central connector 10 in different surface levels. In this way, two opposing circular segment-shaped openings, an air outflow opening 12 and an air inflow opening 13, open in one plane. Three further openings are arranged on the area piece between them.
  • a filling opening 14 which is closed after filling with a cap 15, a narrow water nozzle 16 and a narrow air nozzle 17.
  • the air nozzle 17 and the water nozzle 16 are located on different cross-sectional levels with respect to the central connector 10. When viewed in the position of use, the water nozzle lies 16 deeper than the air nozzle 17.
  • the lower side of the air nozzle 17 opens into an air shaft 18, which in the example is designed as a cylinder open at the bottom and extends to the level of the water level 19 in the evaporation chamber 20.
  • a special embodiment provides for the air nozzle 17 to be arranged together with the water nozzle 16 within the air shaft 18 and to maintain a sufficient height difference between the two nozzles 16 and 17 as a discharge gradient.
  • the air nozzle 17 in the bottom surface 8 of the water reservoir 1 there is a protuberance which extends downward into the air shaft 18.
  • a vertical slot introduced into this protuberance and extending from the upper bottom surface 8 to the lower end of the protuberance enables air balance at its upper end and water balance at its lower end.
  • the air shaft 18 in a variant, it is also conceivable for the air shaft 18 to be designed to be removable together with the air nozzle 17. In the removed state, an opening would then be created through which the water-carrying storage chamber 9 can be filled. A separate filling opening 14 with a cap 15 can then be omitted.
  • the water storage container 1 has on its rear large side surface 5 an air inlet sleeve 21 for connection to the ventilation device.
  • the air inlet connection 21 is connected to the air inflow opening 13 in the central connection 10 via an air inflow channel 22 running inside the water storage container 1.
  • a barb 23 is attached to the air inlet connector 21 and engages in a lock 24 when the humidifier is attached to the ventilator.
  • the water reservoir 1 On its large front side surface 4, the water reservoir 1 has one Air outlet connector 25 for connecting the patient's breathing tube.
  • the air outlet nozzle 25 is connected to the air outlet opening 12 in the central nozzle 10 via an air outflow channel 26 running inside the water storage container 1.
  • the bottom surface 8 of the water storage container 1 is equipped according to FIG. 2 with two retaining bars 27, which are preferably arranged opposite each other of the two ropes of the central connecting piece 10 and are designed such that they engage in corresponding slideways 28 in the closure element 2 and the water storage container 1 when rotating and pull the closure member 22 together and securely hang up.
  • the closure clement 2 is designed as a cover, with an upper cover surface 29 and a lower cavity 30.
  • a cylindrical recess 31 is machined into the upper cover surface 29 and has a base surface 32, the inner diameter of which is matched to the outer diameter of the central connector 10.
  • the design of the central connector 10 as an internal connector in a recess in the bottom surface 8 of the water reservoir 1 is also conceivable.
  • the lid surface 29 would have to have a collar around the recess 31, which, for example, provided with a sealing ring 11, projects into the corresponding recess in the water storage container 1.
  • the bottom surface 8 of the water storage container 1 and the upper cover surface 29 of the closure element 2 are laid flat and sealed against one another.
  • the evaporation chamber 20 is then formed in opposite recesses both in the closure element 2 and in the water storage container 1 as an additional volume in the central connector 10.
  • the size of the evaporation chamber 20 is determined with the depth of the recess 31.
  • the base surface 32 of the cylindrical recess 31 is designed according to FIGS. 1 to 3 as a heating surface 33 and expediently completely the surface of a heating plate 34 Non-stick metal provided.
  • a heating element 35 and an electronic control device 36 of the air humidifier are accommodated in the lower cavity 30 of the closure element 2. So that the temperature setting or other adjustable operating parameters are not lost when the ventilator is switched off or when the humidifier is removed, the electronic control device 36 contains an electrical energy source 37, preferably a lithium element, for storing the last stored operating parameters.
  • a power transistor 38 is preferably used as the heating element 35 and, when operated as an electrical ballast, heats the heating plate 34 with its power loss. When using a bipolar transistor, its base-emitter diode can simultaneously be used as a temperature sensor for controlling the switching on and off of the heating element 35.
  • the required control elements 39 of the electronic control device 36 are located on the visible side of the closure element 2, among other things for setting the desired degree of humidification.
  • Electrical contacts 40 for connecting the humidifier to the ventilator are attached to the rear of the closure element 2.
  • the electrical contacts 40 are expediently a combination of a compression spring and a contact plate. With this type of contact, the electrical contacts 40 can be separated and closed by simply attaching the humidifier to the housing 3 of the ventilator.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show how the humidifier can be attached to a ventilator.
  • the barrier 24 is preferably made of a flexible plastic strip that has an elliptical opening.
  • the barb 23 deforms the elliptical opening in the direction of a circular shape.
  • the air connector 41 of the ventilator and the air inlet connector 21 of the humidifier are expediently coupled together in an airtight manner using a flat gasket 42.
  • the opening jumps back into elliptical form back and holds the humidifier reliably and flush to its nozzle.
  • the humidifier is removed by pressing a push button 43.
  • the elliptical opening opens again in a circular shape and the barb 23 can slide back through the opening to remove the humidifier.
  • the breathing tube For operation, the breathing tube must be removed from the air outlet sleeve 25 and, after pressing the pushbutton 43, the entire humidifier, which consists of the parts of the water reservoir 1 and the closure element 2 that are still in engagement, must be removed from the ventilator.
  • the humidifier is then rotated 180 degrees so that the closure element 2 is at the top.
  • both parts disengage and at the same time stand out from one another, as a result of which the sealing ring 11 of the central nozzle 10 slides out of the recess 31 in the closure element 2.
  • the closure element 2 could now also be cleaned. After removing the cap 15 from the filling opening 14, the water-carrying storage chamber 9 can be filled with water. After the filling process, the cap 15 is replaced. Subsequently, the closure element 2 is placed in such a way that the hall bars 27 engage in the slideways 28 and are rotated such that the closure element 2 and the water container 1 are again flush with one another. Now the humidifier can be turned over again by 180 degrees until the water reservoir 1 is at the top and the closure element 2 is at the bottom and are placed on the ventilator. The barb 23 located on the air inlet connector 21 engages behind the lock 24 by slight pressure, which should also be audible. As a result of the pressure contact device implemented, the electrical contact is also established at the same time. After pushing the breathing hose onto the air outlet connection 25, the device combination is ready for operation.
  • the water level can then only rise slightly above the average water level 19 in the evaporation chamber 20, since the suction force is reduced only by the slight difference in height between the water nozzle 16 and the air nozzle 17, reduced by the adhesive forces within the nozzles, but not by the fill level depends in the water-bearing pantry 9.
  • a guide value of 1 to a maximum of 2 mm should apply to the rise in the water level in the air shaft 18 above the water level 19 in the evaporation chamber 20. As soon as this guide value is reached, the dripping of water from the water nozzle 16 ends.
  • the heating device consisting of the heating element 35, which is connected to the heating plate 34, heats the water in the evaporation chamber 20 and the breathing air flowing through takes along the water vapor that is produced. There is no possibility for the heated water to get back into the storage chamber 9 of the water storage container 1 because the drip section only works in one direction. Due to the relatively small pressure drop, there is only a slight suction in the air shaft 18 and thus a sufficiently large heat-insulating air column between the water storage container 1 and the heated water level 19 in the evaporation chamber 20.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Air Humidification (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'humidification d'air respiratoire, selon lequel la quantité de réserve est alimentée en chute libre de la chambre de réserve d'eau (9) vers la chambre d'évaporation (20). L'invention concerne également un humidificateur d'air correspondant destiné à un appareil respiratoire. Ledit humidificateur permet d'éviter un réchauffement du stock d'eau, d'offrir la capacité d'humidification maximale peu après mise en marche, ainsi qu'une utilisation simple. Cet humidificateur d'air est constitué d'une chambre de réserve supérieure (9) conduisant l'eau, et d'une chambre d'évaporation inférieure (20) conduisant l'eau. Un conduit d'air (18) est située entre lesdites chambres. Ledit conduit présente sur son extrémité supérieure une buse d'air (17) dont le diamètre détermine l'écoulement d'eau, l'extrémité inférieure du conduit étant maintenue ouverte. Ledit conduit s'étend jusqu'au niveau de l'eau (19), et présente par ailleurs une buse d'eau (16) dont l'ouverture de sortie est logée en position d'utilisation à une hauteur située entre le niveau de l'eau (19) et la buse d'air (17).
EP01940186A 2000-06-19 2001-04-25 Procede d'humidification d'air respiratoire et humidificateur d'air pour appareil respiratoire Withdrawn EP1294427A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20010553U 2000-06-19
DE20010553U DE20010553U1 (de) 2000-06-19 2000-06-19 Luftbefeuchter für ein Beatmungsgerät
PCT/DE2001/001547 WO2001097894A1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-04-25 Procede d'humidification d'air respiratoire et humidificateur d'air pour appareil respiratoire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1294427A1 true EP1294427A1 (fr) 2003-03-26

Family

ID=7942813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01940186A Withdrawn EP1294427A1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-04-25 Procede d'humidification d'air respiratoire et humidificateur d'air pour appareil respiratoire

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1294427A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE20010553U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001097894A1 (fr)

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DE10082260B4 (de) 1999-08-05 2017-09-14 Resmed R&D Germany Gmbh System mit einer ersten Vorrichtung zur Zufuhr eines Atemgases und einer Befeuchtungsvorrichtung
DE10151397C1 (de) * 2001-10-18 2002-10-02 Heptec Gmbh Verdunster, insbesondere Atemluftbefeuchter, Vorratsbehälter sowie Gehäuse dafür
DE10163800A1 (de) 2001-12-22 2003-07-03 Heptec Gmbh Verdampfer für Beatmungsgeräte sowie Verfahren zum Verdampfen
DE102004037698A1 (de) * 2004-08-02 2006-03-16 Seleon Gmbh Verdunster sowie Verdunstungsverfahren
DE102004037823A1 (de) * 2004-08-04 2006-03-16 Viasys Healthcare Gmbh Verdampfer, Beatmungsgerät sowie Verdampfungsverfahren
US20080054497A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-03-06 Medex Cardio-Pulmonary, Inc.. Vented cap humidification system
EP2337604B1 (fr) 2008-09-17 2018-01-24 ResMed Limited Humidification de gaz respiratoires
CN102711893B (zh) * 2010-01-15 2015-04-22 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 带有信号传输优化的加湿系统
WO2012123854A1 (fr) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Humidificateur équipé d'une protection contre l'entrée d'un liquide
CN105307715B (zh) 2012-03-15 2017-11-17 费雪派克医疗保健有限公司 呼吸气体加湿系统
US9974921B2 (en) 2012-04-27 2018-05-22 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Usability features for respiratory humidification system
BR112016007764B1 (pt) 2013-09-13 2022-05-24 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Conexões para sistema de umidificação
US11511069B2 (en) 2013-09-13 2022-11-29 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Humidification system
RU2769422C2 (ru) 2013-12-20 2022-03-31 Фишер Энд Пейкел Хелткэа Лимитед Соединения системы увлажнения
US10449319B2 (en) 2014-02-07 2019-10-22 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Respiratory humidification system
US11173272B2 (en) 2014-05-02 2021-11-16 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Gas humidification arrangement
CN110124173A (zh) 2014-05-13 2019-08-16 费雪派克医疗保健有限公司 用于呼吸增湿系统的可用性特征
US11324911B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2022-05-10 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Flow mixers for respiratory therapy systems
US9857027B2 (en) * 2014-07-03 2018-01-02 Applied Materials, Inc. Apparatus and method for self-regulating fluid chemical delivery
EP3220992B1 (fr) 2014-11-17 2021-06-23 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Humidification de gaz respiratoires
SG10202106016TA (en) 2016-12-07 2021-07-29 Fisher and paykel healthcare ltd Sensing arrangements for medical devices
US11033706B1 (en) 2020-05-26 2021-06-15 The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security Inverted cylinder hydrostatic ventilator
US11559655B2 (en) 2020-05-26 2023-01-24 The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security Dual container hydrostatic ventilator
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE20010553U1 (de) 2000-11-23
WO2001097894A1 (fr) 2001-12-27

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