EP1293728A2 - Procédé pour commander la puissance d'un appareil de cuisson à gaz et appareil de cuisson utilisant ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour commander la puissance d'un appareil de cuisson à gaz et appareil de cuisson utilisant ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1293728A2
EP1293728A2 EP02020203A EP02020203A EP1293728A2 EP 1293728 A2 EP1293728 A2 EP 1293728A2 EP 02020203 A EP02020203 A EP 02020203A EP 02020203 A EP02020203 A EP 02020203A EP 1293728 A2 EP1293728 A2 EP 1293728A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
fuel gas
air
cooking
supplied
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02020203A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1293728B1 (fr
EP1293728A3 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Dr. Rusche
Thomas Dr. Schreiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rational AG
Original Assignee
Rational AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Rational AG filed Critical Rational AG
Publication of EP1293728A2 publication Critical patent/EP1293728A2/fr
Publication of EP1293728A3 publication Critical patent/EP1293728A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1293728B1 publication Critical patent/EP1293728B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C3/00—Stoves or ranges for gaseous fuels
    • F24C3/12—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24C3/126—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices on ranges
    • F24C3/128—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices on ranges in baking ovens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/16—Measuring temperature burner temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/04—Prepurge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/32—Igniting for a predetermined number of cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16—Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for setting the power of a gas-operated cooking appliance, and a cooking device using this method.
  • DE 196 39 487 A1 discloses a method and a device for optimizing operation a gas burner.
  • the gas-air mixture for a gas burner when using different combustion gases Wobbeiere optimized by first adding a gas-air mixture to the gas burner supplied with excess gas and this is ignited; then the air content in the Air-gas mixture increased until there is a flame lift from the gas burner comes what is detected via a flame sensor; then the gas-air ratio changed to a lower excess of air in order to set an optimal combustion.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the gas consumption during the adjustment process is increased if the air-gas ratio is adjusted so that the Proportion of gas is reduced with a constant air supply starting from a high initial value, which leads to an increase in operating costs, and it ignites the rich air-gas mixture deflagrations can occur, which reduces operational safety.
  • DE 41 18 781 A1 describes a method and an apparatus for combustible use Determination of the Wobbe number and / or the calorific value of a gas known.
  • the Wobbe number is used to measure the volume flow of a flowing gas and other characteristic ones Characteristics, such as pressure drop, density, viscosity or the like, measured or kept constant. From the measured volume and thus mass flow and at least Another characteristic is then called using approximation functions determines the wobbe number of the fuel gas. It also suggests the certain number of wobbles to use the amount of heat supplied to a gas burner by varying the pressure, and thus the volume flow, the gas supplied or the mixing ratio two types of gas. A disadvantage of this method, however, is that it is an additional one Measuring device requires what the design effort of the gas burner device and thus increases the susceptibility to failure and manufacturing costs of this device.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the measuring method has a high susceptibility to errors, since the determination of the conductivity is accurate Known geometry of the electrode arrangement depends, and there are deviations from the ideal air ratio when setting the air-gas mixture depending on an inaccurate measured ionization current can come.
  • DE 199 08 885 A1 describes a method for operating a fuel gas alternating one Composition of powered energy converter known. This procedure provides that the fuel gas is heated in a lockable measuring chamber and the dependence between amount of heat supplied to the measuring chamber and increase in pressure and / or temperature in the measuring chamber is used to adjust the fuel gas composition to a setpoint.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that additional internals are provided and the measuring method is sensitive to changes in the ambient conditions Determination of the amount of heat supplied is inaccurate and prone to failure.
  • DE 199 21 167 A1 describes a method and an arrangement for measurement the calorific value and / or the Wobbe index of fuel gases, in particular natural gas.
  • a disadvantage of this method, however, is that it is also technically complicated and prone to failure.
  • DE 197 50 873 A1 describes a method for controlling an atmospheric Gas burner for heaters, especially water heaters known.
  • To the start gas amount To adapt to different environmental conditions it is proposed that the starting gas amount is increased as a function of time during the starting process, with several for each starting gas quantity Ignition attempts are made. After a predetermined number of unsuccessful Ignition processes, the starting process is interrupted and the heater is switched to malfunction.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that a hygienic, i.e. full Combustion by the gas burner is not ensured.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for setting a power provide gas powered cooking device, which has the disadvantages of the prior art overcomes, adapts itself in particular to varying environmental conditions.
  • a determination of the heating power and the air ratio is, for example, a selection, Set or understand the like of these sizes.
  • Fuel gas supply is interrupted and the gas burner outlet is flushed with air.
  • the determined calorific value at least by measurement one of the first characteristic of the combustion of the fuel gas-air mixture Temperature, preferably the flame temperature, at the ignition point and / or by measurement the change in the first temperature when the gas supply quantity is increased by at least one first sensor is corrected.
  • the fuel gas supply is interrupted, and the area of the first sensor with Air purged and cooled essentially to room temperature.
  • the determined calorific value by measuring at least one second temperature at least characteristic of a heating of the cooking appliance a second sensor is corrected.
  • a further development of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the determined calorific value by measuring the quality of the combustion of the fuel gas-air mixture via at least a third sensor, such as in the form of a probe, in the exhaust gas path of the Gas burner for detecting at least one exhaust gas component characteristic of the combustion is corrected.
  • the invention also proposes that, in particular, to change the heating output during the operation of the cooking device, the amount of air supplied to the gas burner, preferably without interrupting the air supply, is adjusted and the supplied to the gas burner Amount of fuel gas depending on the determined calorific value of the fuel gas Setting the desired air ratio, preferably without interrupting the fuel gas supply is adjusted.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method is characterized in that the determined calorific value is stored and for setting a complete combustion is used.
  • the invention proposes that, in certain cooking appliance states, preferably after disconnection of the cooking appliance from a fuel gas and / or energy supply, after a specified operating time has been exceeded, after a specified one has been exceeded Time-out and / or the like, preferably after confirmation by a user, the calorific value is redetermined.
  • the object relating to the cooking device is achieved in that the cooking device is used of a method according to the invention, a cooking space which can be heated via the gas burner, wherein the gas burner a fuel gas supply with a first valve, an air supply with a Blower and / or a second valve, an ignition device and a control and / or Control device in operative connection with the first valve, the second valve, the blower and the igniter.
  • the gas burner a fuel gas supply with a first valve, an air supply with a Blower and / or a second valve, an ignition device and a control and / or Control device in operative connection with the first valve, the second valve, the blower and the igniter.
  • a cooking device is characterized by a first temperature sensor at the outlet of the gas burner, preferably in the flame area of the gas burner second temperature sensor in the cooking space and / or an exhaust gas sensor in the exhaust gas path of the gas burner, preferably in the fume cupboard of the cooking device, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and / or the exhaust gas sensor in operative connection with the control and / or Control device is or are standing.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of a cooking device according to the invention is characterized by a display unit and / or an input unit in operative connection with the Control and / or regulating device.
  • At least one first device for Detection of a separation of the cooking device from a fuel gas and / or energy supply and / or a second device for determining the operating time and / or the time-out of the Cooking device can be provided in operative connection with the control and / or regulating device.
  • the invention is therefore based on the surprising finding that a method for adjusting the power a gas-powered cooking device can be carried out so that a cooking process in the cooking device regardless of variable environmental conditions, such as changing the Gas quality, changes in air or gas pressure or contamination of the cooking appliance, reproducible can be carried out, i.e. no impairment of the quality of the food, in particular by changing the cooking times, without manual intervention in the cooking device, especially on components of the gas and air supply, to adapt to the Environmental conditions must be carried out by the user by an independent Control of the air / fuel gas composition to set a specific air ratio is carried out.
  • variable environmental conditions such as changing the Gas quality, changes in air or gas pressure or contamination of the cooking appliance
  • the setting is complete and therefore hygienic Combustion with the specified heating output only by changing the Gas supply accomplished while the amount of air for a given heating output constant kept and thus the air ratio is only adjusted by varying the amount of gas supplied becomes.
  • the invention via indirect detection of the calorific value Detection of the current state of combustion possible by the linear relationship between the calorific value and the air requirement. Furthermore, by the method achieves that additional internals in the cooking device are avoided, the operating costs not be increased and a high level of operational security is guaranteed.
  • a cooking device 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the cooking device 1 comprises a cooking space 3, which can be closed by a cooking chamber door 5 and in which a food 7 is arranged can be.
  • a gas burner 11 is arranged in a burner chamber that is in thermal contact with the cooking chamber 3 9.
  • a fume hood 13 connected to the combustion chamber 9 is used for combustion gases.
  • the gas burner 11, the fuel gas-air mixture to be burned is supplied via a line system.
  • Combustion air can be supplied via a line 15 with the interposition of a fan 17 and a valve 19 are selectively supplied.
  • line 21 fuel gas can be selectively supplied with the interposition of a valve 23.
  • the fed Combustion air and the supplied fuel gas are mixed in a line 25 and finally fed to the gas burner 11.
  • an ignition device 27 arranged, which serves to ignite the fuel gas-air mixture.
  • a flame detection unit in the form of a temperature sensor 29 arranged.
  • Another temperature sensor 31 is provided in the interior of the cooking space 3.
  • a measuring probe 33 in the trigger 13 for measuring the outflow through the trigger 13 Exhaust components available.
  • the cooking device 1 also includes a control device 35 which is connected to the fan 17, the valves 19 and 23, the temperature sensors 29 and 31, the ignition device 27 and the Measuring probe 33 is connected.
  • the heating power supplied to the cooking chamber does not deviate from a predetermined value.
  • the heating power to be supplied is dependent on the type of cooking process and thus the load on the cooking device 1 and can be changeable within the cooking process, for example to cause crust formation on the surface of the food 7 after cooking.
  • the air requirement for the complete combustion of gaseous hydrocarbons (C x H y , where x ⁇ 4) is proportional to the calorific value of the fuel gas in question.
  • measurements carried out on the part of the applicant have shown that if any gas mixture comprising up to tetravalent hydrocarbons is fed in, the same heating output can be set with a similar air ratio.
  • the deviations in the heating conduit or in the load on the cooking device 1, which result from a different composition of the fuel gas are tolerable, for the following reasons:
  • Cooking processes usually use fuel gases from the second and third Gas family, i.e. from methane (G20) to butane (G30).
  • the supply of pure methane (G20) thus represents a reference state according to which a heating power of 38 kW is achieved with a constant air supply of 47.17 m 3 / h. If, on the one hand, the fuel gas supplied with a constant air supply is replaced by pure butane (G30), a heating power of 40.3 kW results with a constant air supply and constant air ratio. This difference in heating power, i.e.
  • the control device 35 After the food 7 is inserted into the cooking space 3 of the cooking device 1 and the cooking space door 5 has been closed, is via an input unit, not shown, by a user a desired cooking process selected.
  • the corresponding cooking process-specific data, in particular the heating power to be supplied and the period of time over which this heating power to be fed to the cooking space 3 are passed on to the control device 35. From the heating capacity to be supplied to the cooking space 3 and largely through the Gas burner 11 predetermined air ratio can initially in a simple form the gas burner 11 air volume to be supplied can be set.
  • the control device 35 the speed of the fan 17 and the opening of the valve 19 set so that the desired amount of air is supplied to the gas burner 11 via the line 25.
  • a setting of the desired air ratio by varying the amount of fuel gas supplied with a constant supply of combustion air offers the advantage that once the desired air ratio has been set, the desired heating output is set, while in the reverse procedure a tracking of the supplied Combustion air and fuel gas quantity is necessary if the nature of the Fuel gas changed.
  • the amount of fuel gas supplied is set as follows:
  • a number of air is recognized by observing the ignition behavior at the outlet of the Gas burner 11 with the help of the temperature sensor 29.
  • the valve 23 via the control device 35 initially only opened to the extent that the combustion air / fuel gas mixture supplied to the gas burner 11, even when using a fuel gas with a high calorific value (e.g. butane, G30 in Figure 2), is below the corresponding lower ignition limit. This means that the mixture is not ignited by means of the ignition device 27 can.
  • the control device 35 is gradually operated by means of the valve 23 supplied amount of fuel gas increased and an ignition attempt made.
  • the valve 23 is first completely closed, to flush the burner chamber 9 by means of the supplied through the lines 15 and 25 To allow combustion air.
  • the calorific value of the supplied fuel gas be determined since the opening state of the valve 23 directly from the calorific value of the supplied Fuel gas depends. So is the extent of the opening with the same air supply for low calorific gases due to the low density larger than for higher calorific gases.
  • the calorific value of the fuel gas supplied is determined via the control device 35 the valve 23 opened so far that the desired air ratio is set.
  • the calorific value of the fuel gas used in this way is determined in the control device 35 stored in order to be available in subsequent cooking processes, so that a determination the calorific value of the fuel gas supplied is not necessary before each cooking process.
  • the calorific value is only determined if the Fuel gas supply takes place, which is detected by a pressure sensor 37, or after Separation of the cooking device 1 from an energy supply, not shown, or after exceeding a predetermined operating time or time-out. This is done using a not shown Display device of the cooking device 1, the user first asked whether a renewed Determination of the calorific value of the supplied fuel gas is to be carried out, and the User acknowledges this via the input unit, not shown, or not.
  • the calorific value of the initially determined supplied fuel gas is corrected if necessary by the following method:
  • the position of the valve 23 is gradually increased and the flame temperature by means of of the temperature sensor 29 is determined as a function of the amount of fuel gas supplied. It
  • another temperature representative of the calorific value is measured. The measured temperature is primarily dependent on the stoichiometry and only secondarily from the composition of the fuel gas mixture. So that's the relationship the change in temperature depending on the amount of fuel gas supplied from the calorific value of the fuel gas supplied, which enables the calorific value to be determined.
  • this method also enables a determination the Wobbe index of the fuel gas supplied.
  • the valve 23 completely closed and the combustion chamber 9, including the one therein contained internals, by means of the ambient air supplied via the gas burner 11 the temperature of the ambient air is cooled at least approximately to cold start conditions to simulate.
  • the temperature of the cooking space 3 is increased during the process measured by means of the temperature sensor 31.
  • the temperature values detected by the temperature sensor 31 are fed to the control device 35 and there for a correction of the determined one Calorific value used.
  • a measuring probe 33 for measuring at least one exhaust gas component, which is characteristic of the combustion is also in the trigger 13 .
  • the measuring probe 33 is also connected to the control device 35 so that the control device 35 does not have one detects ideal hygienic combustion and, if necessary, the amount of fuel gas supplied by adjusting the valve 23 without redetermining the calorific value of the fuel gas can be adjusted. Such an adjustment may be necessary, for example, if the quality of the fuel gas supplied is subject to fluctuations.
  • the heating power supplied is often after a certain time Time period changed. Should now in the course of a cooking process carried out in the cooking device 1 the heating power can be changed, the supplied can alternatively one after the other or simultaneously Combustion air volume by adjusting the fan 17 and the valve 19 and / or the amount of fuel gas supplied by setting the valve 23 by the control device 35 are tracked. Since, as already shown above, the heating output is directly proportional to the amount of combustion air supplied, the opening of the valve 19 and the speed of the fan 17 of the required amount of combustion air to be adjusted while the opening of the valve 23 directly from that stored in the control device 35 Can calculate calorific value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP02020203A 2001-09-14 2002-09-10 Procédé pour commander la puissance d'un appareil de cuisson à gaz et appareil de cuisson utilisant ce procédé Expired - Lifetime EP1293728B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10145592A DE10145592C1 (de) 2001-09-14 2001-09-14 Verfahren zur Leistungseinstellung gasbetriebener Gargeräte sowie dieses Verfahren nutzendes Gargerät
DE10145592 2001-09-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1293728A2 true EP1293728A2 (fr) 2003-03-19
EP1293728A3 EP1293728A3 (fr) 2003-08-27
EP1293728B1 EP1293728B1 (fr) 2004-12-15

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ID=7699197

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02020203A Expired - Lifetime EP1293728B1 (fr) 2001-09-14 2002-09-10 Procédé pour commander la puissance d'un appareil de cuisson à gaz et appareil de cuisson utilisant ce procédé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US6752621B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1293728B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10145592C1 (fr)

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CN107270324A (zh) * 2017-06-28 2017-10-20 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 一种燃烧器控制方法和燃烧器控制系统
WO2021219582A1 (fr) * 2020-04-29 2021-11-04 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Dispositif et procédé de commande de combustion d'un gaz combustible ayant une proportion de gaz additif

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AT413440B (de) * 2003-10-08 2006-02-15 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur anpassung des brenngas-luft- verhältnisses an die gasart bei einem gasbrenner
DE102004020365B3 (de) * 2004-04-23 2005-12-01 Rational Ag Verfahren zur Einstellung der Leistung eines gasbetriebenen Gargerätes in Abhängigkeit von der geodätischen Höhe
DE102010023090A1 (de) * 2010-05-31 2011-12-01 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Gasbrenners und Gas-Kochfeld mit mehreren Gasbrennern
CN105066187B (zh) * 2015-07-17 2018-03-06 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 燃气灶风门开度的控制方法和装置
DE102015117468A1 (de) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Eigenschaften eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Gasgemisches und Vorrichtung dafür
US11619386B2 (en) 2021-02-12 2023-04-04 Midea Group Co., Ltd. Method and system for auto-calibrating an ignition process of a digital gas cooking appliance

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US20030054306A1 (en) 2003-03-20
EP1293728B1 (fr) 2004-12-15
US6752621B2 (en) 2004-06-22
EP1293728A3 (fr) 2003-08-27
DE50201763D1 (de) 2005-01-20
DE10145592C1 (de) 2003-06-18

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