EP1290326A1 - Moteur a combustion interne sans refroidissement exterieur - Google Patents
Moteur a combustion interne sans refroidissement exterieurInfo
- Publication number
- EP1290326A1 EP1290326A1 EP01945422A EP01945422A EP1290326A1 EP 1290326 A1 EP1290326 A1 EP 1290326A1 EP 01945422 A EP01945422 A EP 01945422A EP 01945422 A EP01945422 A EP 01945422A EP 1290326 A1 EP1290326 A1 EP 1290326A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- engine
- combustion
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
- F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
- F02B41/06—Engines with prolonged expansion in compound cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G3/00—Combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G3/02—Combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants with reciprocating-piston engines
Definitions
- the present invention lies in the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular internal combustion engines with piston and engine pistons, with fuel injection, which can be fitted to vehicles, or can also be used as stationary engines.
- the present invention aims to greatly reduce this energy loss due to cooling, so as to significantly improve the energy efficiency of internal combustion engines.
- the invention essentially relates to an internal combustion engine, which does not have a specific external cooling system, and which is provided with means for introducing, into one or more mixing chambers associated with one or more engine cylinders, of an additional quantity of compressed air, for cooling, such that the engine receives a total quantity of air greater than that required for the combustion / explosion of the fuel, the additional air being added, in the mixing chamber, with the combustion gases leaving the combustion chamber, as soon as the engine piston leaves its top dead center.
- the invention is based on the principle of non-cooling of the engine by a traditional external cold source, but of a transfer of the enthalpy corresponding to an amount of air additional to that of combustion, the engine receiving a quantity of total air greater than that required for combustion only. The extra air is mixed with the gases leaving the combustion chamber in the "mixing chamber".
- the quantity of air added in accordance with the invention, is such that its increase in enthalpy at the end of mixing with the gases leaving the combustion chamber is equivalent to that released by cooling, in the case of engines equivalent internal combustion engines, with external cooling system. Volume total of the "gas + additional air" mixture therefore stores all of the fuel combustion enthalpy before engine relaxation.
- the additional quantity of air thus plays the role of "cooling" but, unlike traditional internal combustion engines, the corresponding enthalpy remains within the gas-air mixture, instead of being discharged out of the engine. . It will therefore provide work during motor relaxation. This enthalpy stored by the additional air is, therefore, an additional energy available for the engine relaxation, in comparison with that of the combustion gases, in comparison with the current internal combustion engines.
- the additional air fraction can be of the order of 40 to 70%, relative to the quantity only necessary for the combustion / explosion of the fuel, this latter quantity being strictly unchanged compared to that of current engines.
- the energy efficiency obtained for the engine which is the subject of the invention can reach 37% or more.
- the invention For the supply of combustion / explosion air, and of the quantity of additional air, under pressure, the invention provides various possibilities.
- the engine has at least one air compression cylinder, with a piston linked to the same crankshaft as the pistons of the cylinders used for the driving detent, or "engine cylinders", this first possibility being particularly suitable for engines mounted on vehicles.
- engine cylinders Preferably, provision is made in this case for two air compression cylinders, mounted in series (two-stage compression) for energy saving.
- Turbines of suitable construction, or compressors can also be used to supply combustion / explosion air and the additional quantity of compressed air, in particular in the case of stationary engines. If several motors according to the invention are used in a static position, in a factory for example, compressed air can be supplied to all of these motors from a common group (turbine or compressor), sending the air to all engines, which is naturally an economical solution.
- a buffer bottle is inserted between the means for supplying compressed air for combustion / explosion and the quantity of additional air, as envisaged above, and the point or points of introduction of this compressed air into the combustion / explosion chamber (s) and the corresponding mixing chamber (s).
- the or each mixing chamber is delimited at the top by the cylinder head, laterally by the wall of the engine cylinder itself, and at the bottom by the head of the piston placed in the engine cylinder.
- the cylinder head comprises, in addition to the combustion air inlet and combustion gas outlet valves, at least one inlet with valve for the entry of additional air into said mixing chamber, and it also comprises at least an outlet valve for gases and air expanded to the atmosphere.
- the mixing chamber is not an additional mechanical device, but it forms itself, between the cylinder head and the piston head in a precise position (depending on the amount of additional air), being removed towards bottom dead center.
- This mixing chamber is supplied with additional air by a specific valve, connected to the source of additional compressed air, which is in particular the outlet of the buffer bottle, itself supplied by a compressor.
- the valve for the exhaust of the relaxed "gas + air" mixture works by opening quickly at the bottom dead center of the piston.
- a fuel supply, and possibly an ignition element, of the spark plug type are also provided in the cylinder head.
- the engine can use usual fuels (gasoline or diesel), introduced substantially in the same way as in conventional engines and according to a similar cycle (four-stroke engine), with the advantageous characteristic of having time available. fairly long combustion / explosion, allowing the most complete combustion possible; this is an important advantage from the point of view of pollution control. Note also the uselessness of any downstream recovery system, of the "turbo" type, since the driving relaxation of the "combustion gas + additional air" mixture is total, until it leaves the atmosphere.
- the engine which is the subject of the invention having a cooling capacity at least equal to that of conventional internal combustion engines, it is preferable to produce the cylinder head in a metallic material with a high modulus of elasticity, greater than that of alloys usually employees, and in particular in special steel, for preventive security.
- a metallic material with a high modulus of elasticity greater than that of alloys usually employees, and in particular in special steel, for preventive security.
- ventilation can "sweep" the outside surface of the cylinder head; a small fan of very low power is provided for this purpose.
- Figure 1 is a general block diagram of a cylinder and piston engine, according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a very schematic plan view of the cylinder head of this engine (for an engine cylinder);
- Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of this cylinder head
- Figure 4 is a general side view of an engine with two air compression cylinders and two drive expansion cylinders, according to the invention
- Figure 5 is a plan view from above of the motor of Figure 4;
- Figure 6 illustrates the application of the invention to a drive expansion turbine.
- an internal combustion engine in accordance with the present invention, in its general principle comprises a single crankshaft 2, at least one engine expansion cylinder 3 with an engine piston 4 linked to the crankshaft 2, a cylinder head in steel 5 covering the drive expansion cylinder 3, and at least one additional air compression cylinder 6 with an internal piston 7 connected to the same crankshaft 2.
- the additional cylinder 6 is designed to compress a total quantity of air, namely the air necessary for combustion / explosion and, in addition, a certain amount of additional air used to cool the engine.
- the air compression cylinder 6 comprises an ambient air suction 8, and a compressed air delivery 9 connected to the inlet of a buffer bottle 10 of compressed air.
- the outlet of the buffer bottle 10 is subdivided, and connected to an entry point 11 for additional air and to an entry point 12 for combustion air, located on the cylinder head 5 which, usually, also comprises fuel injection means.
- the cylinder head 5 internally comprises a combustion / explosion chamber 13, connected to the point combustion air inlet 12 via a combustion air inlet valve 14.
- the combustion / explosion chamber 13 is also associated with a combustion gas outlet valve 15.
- the fuel injection point is located at 16, in the combustion / explosion chamber 13. In the case of the use of fuel requiring spark ignition, the spark plug is located at 16 '(see Figures 2 and 3).
- the cylinder head 5 On the side of the combustion / explosion chamber 13, the cylinder head 5 comprises an additional air inlet valve 17, mounted between the entry point 11 of additional air and a volume called “mixing chamber” 18, which is delimited as shown in Figures 1 and 3: in the upper part, by the cylinder head 5; laterally, by the internal wall of the engine cylinder 3; in the lower part, by the head of the piston 4 housed in the engine cylinder 3.
- the cylinder head 5 also has a valve 19 for the release of gases and additional air, relaxed, outside.
- the engine further comprises various components, such as camshaft (s) necessary for controlling the valves.
- the introduction of additional compressed air into the mixing chamber 18 is controlled by the valve 17, and the outlet of the mixture of combustion gases and additional air is controlled by the valve 19 , while the fuel injection, and the operation of the combustion / explosion chamber 13 are, in principle, not modified compared to conventional engines (the duration of combustion being, however, significantly greater).
- This combustion / explosion chamber 13 is supplied with compressed air, which enters through the valve 14, at a pressure and a rate defined according to the manufacturer, the power and the fuel. Said chamber 13 communicates with the driving expansion cylinder 3 through the valve 15; at the end of the combustion / explosion, the gases leave the chamber 13 through the valve 15, and begin their work in expansion with the additional air to which these combustion / explosion gases mix instantly, as soon as they exit through the valve 15
- the additional air inlet valve 17 is opened as soon as the engine piston 4 leaves its top dead center. The introduction of additional air is continued until the recoil of the head of the piston 4 has "released", above it, a calculated volume which is that of the mixing chamber 18.
- the end of closing of the valve 17 is also the instant of opening of the valve 15, allowing the entry of the combustion gases into the mixing chamber 18, where these gases mix with the additional air previously introduced.
- the enthalpy of the additional air is thus made available within the combustion gases, mixed with this air, and this mixture leads to an instantaneous lowering of the temperature; the same is true of the lowering of the pressure, which is the direct consequence. It is important to note that this reduction in temperature and pressure of the combustion gases, obtained during the very short mixing with the additional air to which the corresponding enthalpy is therefore "yielded", is the same as for the combustion gases d 'a conventional internal combustion engine, when cooled by an external cold source, such as circulating water.
- this gas-air mixture provides maximum relaxation work, the final pressure being practically zero, since it corresponds to the pressure drop between the engine cylinder 3 and the outlet to the atmosphere (this pressure drop can be close to 0.3 bar), due to the fact that it is the piston 4, leaving its bottom dead center, which will slightly compress the "gas + air" mixture to evacuate it via the valve 19.
- crankshaft 2 in a single turn of the crankshaft 2 are carried out the four times of a conventional engine. Given that a driving cylinder 3 is actually driving on a half-turn of the crankshaft 2, it is clear that by installing a second driving cylinder on the same crankshaft (with mounting of the respective crank pins in phase opposition), the crankshaft becomes actually motor on the whole of each revolution.
- the fuel for fuel requiring a spark, supplied by the spark plug located at point 16 ', the fuel is sprayed at the injection point 16 located, like the spark plug, in the center of the combustion chamber / explosion 13, as shown in the drawing ( Figures 2 and 3).
- the fuel is sprayed into the combustion / explosion chamber 13 under the same conditions as for a conventional engine of this type.
- the combustion / explosion time being significantly longer than in current engines, allows good diffusion of the combustion in the combustion / explosion chamber 13, therefore obtaining the most complete combustion possible, which represents a important point against pollution.
- the combustion time is, in fact, between the mid-stroke of the ascent of the piston 4 towards its top dead center, and the very beginning of its descent towards the bottom dead center. In fact, this combustion must end, however, before the piston 4 of the engine cylinder 3, during its race towards bottom dead center, has released the required volume of additional air, known as the "mixing chamber" 18.
- valves 14, 15, 17 and 19 With control of their opening and closing instants, is ensured in a manner known per se by one or two camshafts (not shown).
- two air compression cylinders 6 are preferably provided, mounted in series for two-stage compression, above which the buffer bottle 10 can take place, and two engine cylinders 3, capped by the same cylinder head 5.
- the respective pistons 4 and 7 of the cylinders 3 and 6 are connected to the same crankshaft 2 by a conventional connecting rod assembly, not shown.
- compressed air Since compressed air is introduced into the bottle pad 10 before use, it must be free of oil, so that, for the pistons 7 of the air compression cylinders 6, "dry" pistons (with non-lubricated segments) are used. Since with a two-stage compression of air, the final temperature of this air may not be sufficient in particular for combustion, it remains possible to install a heater, such as a finned tube, using residual heat from exhaust gases; this heater remains a heat exchanger of small dimensions, therefore of low weight, having regard to the temperature difference between the two flows.
- the buffer bottle 10 is insulated.
- the buffer bottle 10 advantageously includes reheating means, which can be produced in the form of an electric heating resistor, suitable for reheating this bottle. Furthermore, for safety reasons, the outlets from the buffer cylinder 10, towards the combustion / explosion 13 and mixing chambers 18, are provided with non-return valves.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the alternative possibility of applying the present invention to a high-efficiency drive expansion turbine 20, which by means of a reducer 21 (or speed reducer-variator) drives a machine 22 such as vehicle, industrial or other equipment.
- the compressed air is here again supplied from at least one air compression cylinder 6, and by means of a buffer cylinder 10 the outlet of which is connected to an entry point 11 d additional air and an entry point 12 of combustion air located on a cylinder head 5 (the elements corresponding to those previously described being designated by the same reference numerals).
- the fourth valve for the outlet of the relaxed gases and air
- the "mixing chamber" of the gases and the additional air is materialized differently.
- the additional air inlet valve 17 closes just when the gas outlet valve 15 from the combustion chamber 13 opens, the respective outlets of these two valves 15 and 17 being joined at the neck of the venturi 23, downstream of which the gas flow begins its work on the turbine 20, this point constituting the mixing chamber.
- the use of the internal combustion engine, object of the invention is equivalent to that of all current internal combustion engines, the invention applying to the same power range as current engines.
- the invention can be implemented both for the motorization of new vehicles or new installations, and for transforming already existing motors.
- the number of engine cylinders can be increased, to be equal to four, six, eight or other number, preferably even, according to the higher or lower powers which would be desired.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0007742A FR2810373B1 (fr) | 2000-06-16 | 2000-06-16 | Moteur a combustion interne sans refroidissement exterieur |
FR0007742 | 2000-06-16 | ||
PCT/FR2001/001839 WO2001096727A1 (fr) | 2000-06-16 | 2001-06-13 | Moteur a combustion interne sans refroidissement exterieur |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1290326A1 true EP1290326A1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 |
EP1290326B1 EP1290326B1 (fr) | 2005-10-12 |
Family
ID=8851366
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01945422A Expired - Lifetime EP1290326B1 (fr) | 2000-06-16 | 2001-06-13 | Moteur a combustion interne sans refroidissement exterieur |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1290326B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE306611T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001267647A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60113994T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2810373B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001096727A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MY165298A (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2018-03-21 | Scuderi Group Llc | Split-cycle four-stroke engine |
US7353786B2 (en) * | 2006-01-07 | 2008-04-08 | Scuderi Group, Llc | Split-cycle air hybrid engine |
CA2679423A1 (fr) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-04 | The Scuderi Group, Llc | Moteur a cycle divise avec injection d'eau |
RU2665766C2 (ru) * | 2016-01-26 | 2018-09-04 | Юрий Владимирович Синельников | Однотактный двигатель внутреннего сгорания |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1519966A (en) * | 1974-07-15 | 1978-08-02 | Townsend Engineering Co | Internal combustion engine and method for cooling the sam |
FR2416344A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-02 | 1979-08-31 | Kovacs Andre | Moteur a combustion interne a chambre de compression et de detente separees |
FR2731472B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-06 | 1997-08-14 | Guy Negre | Procede et dispositifs de depollution de moteur a combustion interne cyclique a chambre de combustion independante |
FR2749882B1 (fr) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-11-20 | Guy Negre | Procede de moteur depolluant et installation sur autobus urbain et autres vehicules |
-
2000
- 2000-06-16 FR FR0007742A patent/FR2810373B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-13 AT AT01945422T patent/ATE306611T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-13 AU AU2001267647A patent/AU2001267647A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-13 WO PCT/FR2001/001839 patent/WO2001096727A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-13 EP EP01945422A patent/EP1290326B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-13 DE DE60113994T patent/DE60113994T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0196727A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001267647A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 |
DE60113994D1 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
FR2810373B1 (fr) | 2003-01-17 |
WO2001096727A1 (fr) | 2001-12-20 |
FR2810373A1 (fr) | 2001-12-21 |
EP1290326B1 (fr) | 2005-10-12 |
DE60113994T2 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
ATE306611T1 (de) | 2005-10-15 |
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