EP1284586A2 - Method and system for directional sound generation - Google Patents
Method and system for directional sound generation Download PDFInfo
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- EP1284586A2 EP1284586A2 EP02017268A EP02017268A EP1284586A2 EP 1284586 A2 EP1284586 A2 EP 1284586A2 EP 02017268 A EP02017268 A EP 02017268A EP 02017268 A EP02017268 A EP 02017268A EP 1284586 A2 EP1284586 A2 EP 1284586A2
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- carrier signal
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
- H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/28—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using reflection, e.g. parabolic reflectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2217/00—Details of magnetostrictive, piezoelectric, or electrostrictive transducers covered by H04R15/00 or H04R17/00 but not provided for in any of their subgroups
- H04R2217/03—Parametric transducers where sound is generated or captured by the acoustic demodulation of amplitude modulated ultrasonic waves
Definitions
- the invention relates to systems with which acoustic signals (such as speech, music) can be generated.
- acoustic signals such as speech, music
- the invention relates to systems in which the acoustic Signals concentrated in one direction be radiated.
- An ultrasound / audio speaker initially generates a carrier signal with a frequency that is above the upper limit of hearing of the human being, ie in the ultrasound range.
- the carrier signal with amplitude modulated to the audio signal to be transmitted.
- the ultrasound carrier signal itself is not audible, can it is emitted with high sound pressure.
- the air behaves nonlinear and therefore acts like a demodulator that demodulates the AM signal and thus the audio signal as air vibration in the audible range generated again.
- the audible audio signal In the medium of air itself first arises, it takes away Volume with the distance from the transmitter (ultrasonic loudspeaker) First, constantly and then as a result of Absorb absorption of the air at a greater distance again.
- the lateral to the emission direction spatial Expansion or bundling of the generated audio signal depending on the bundling of the ultrasonic carrier signal (Opening angle of the radiated Ultrachall cone) and i.a. slightly larger than the ultrasound range.
- This can especially in confined spaces (vehicle interior) to unwanted reflections on objects to lead.
- the acoustic restriction to only one specific Handset is due to the lateral Broadening of the audio signal barely reachable.
- a system for targeted sonication of partial areas within a total area is described in DE 42 30 362 A1. This will be about a group of speakers ultrasound carrier signals modulated with an audio signal sent out to a listener.
- Another disadvantage is the need to do that To emit high-intensity ultrasound carrier signal, because only at a correspondingly high sound pressure non-linear Properties of air occur for demodulation the audio signals are required.
- the usual level for audible Sound (music, speech) is in the range of about 30 to 90dB (A).
- Health effects by very high levels of ultrasound on humans are not yet finally explored. Especially when used in vehicles (Where applicable, several ultrasonic transmitters may be active at the same time can be different audio signals for different occupants could generate) the high ultrasonic levels possibly lead to undesirable side effects.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically such an arrangement.
- the ultrasonic transmitter (1) generates the amplitude-modulated Carrier signal, which is in the form of a bundled Ultrasound cone (2) spreads. Due to the high sound pressure within the ultrasonic cone becomes the audio sound produced (3), also in a conical area. Both sound cones reach the listener (4), who is in a distance to the transmitter, which is for demodulation of the audio signal is required.
- the carrier signal is more focused, i. the ultrasonic cone has, as shown in Figure 2, a smaller opening angle compared to the area of Audio sound.
- the ultrasonic cone has, as shown in Figure 2, a smaller opening angle compared to the area of Audio sound.
- Figure 2 shows this spatial distribution the sound radiation as a function of the sound frequency. Shown are measurement results on an ultrasonic transmitter with a frequency of the carrier signal of 127kHz and two different frequencies in the air demodulated audio signal. In the Y direction is the measured dB value of the power and in the X direction of the beam angle in degrees. The angle of 90 degrees corresponds in this representation of the main direction of sound radiation (Axis of the cone of sound).
- the inventive method has the advantage that the from the reflector (5) forwarded audio signal (3) on the Handset (4) can be bundled. This happens preferably by appropriate shaping of the reflector (5), for example, as a concave surface (dome) is trained. This can be used even in confined spaces Spaces (vehicle) a good bundling of the reflected sound (3) on a narrow space area (Head of a single listener) can be achieved. in the Ideally, only the ear of the respective listener is reached, To further reflections on the head of the listener as possible avoid.
- the required minimum distance for generating the demodulated audio signal (3) not as a direct, linear free distance between Ultrasonic transmitter (1) and receiver (4) necessary but can by appropriate inclination of the reflector (5) also be angled so that a possibly only small available space is sufficient.
- the reflector (5) can also be multiple reflectors (5) be placed one after the other and successively the Forward sound so that the required distance achieved by multiple reflection will (not shown).
- a particular advantage is the ability to separate the audio signal (3) from the ultrasound carrier signal (2). If the path from the ultrasound transmitter (1) to the reflector (5) is long enough to generate the audio signal (3) in the air, the ultrasound carrier signal (2) is no longer needed. Thus, the (intense) ultrasound carrier signal can be attenuated, so that the listener (4) of the ultrasound only greatly reduced or not reached. For this purpose, a means can be introduced into the cone of sound, which selectively fades out or attenuates the ultrasound carrier signal (2).
- the reflector (5) accordingly designed so that it is selective Reflection properties: the ultrasound (2) is on the reflector (5) due to its high frequency Absorption significantly reduced in its performance while the low-frequency audio sound (3), however, almost unimpaired.
- a selective Damping on the reflector (5) can be achieved, for example be through an ultrasound-absorbing coating of the reflector.
- fine-pored Material e.g. fine-pored Material.
- the ultrasound-absorbing Layer can have a smaller area as the entire reflector surface, if the ultrasound is tightly bundled and therefore only a part of the Reflector surface hits while the audio sound cone u.U. something more extended.
- FIG. 4 shows schematically the installation of the corresponding reflector system in a vehicle.
- This results in good design options regarding the necessary installation depth, the u.U. also can accommodate required cooling devices.
- This in This example obliquely upwardly emitted ultrasonic carrier signal (2) meets the reflector (5), here in the upper portion of the windshield (9) is mounted, for example in the transition area between Windscreen and headliner (8) of the vehicle or as integrated part of the headliner (8).
- the ultrasonic carrier signal is strongly attenuated, so that practically only the audible audio sound (3) reflected becomes.
- the surface curvature of the reflector (5) causes additionally a focusing of the audio sound (3).
- the Main direction of the reflection is adjusted so that the reflected audio signals (3) the ear of the listener (4) to reach.
- An appropriate adjustment e.g. individual adaptation to the height of the listener or when adjusting the seat height
- the reflector system according to the invention offers the advantage that all components of the system, the one have greater weight and a corresponding volume, can be accommodated in areas of the driving area, the offer more space.
- the reflector itself can be relative thin and made of a light material (e.g. Plastic, etc.). This is also under Safety aspects an advantage, since all heavier Components (ultrasonic transmitter) by appropriate Integration into stable and deeper areas of the vehicle in the event of an accident are shielded (reducing the risk of injury in the head area).
- the reflector system by a safety device can be extended so that in case of an approximation of an object or a person to the area of high Ultrasonic intensity (ultrasonic cone between Ultrasonic transmitter and reflector) an automatic Shutdown or attenuation of the ultrasonic signal he follows.
- the detection of penetration into the ultrasonic cone can in the usual way by proximity detectors after in the prior art, e.g. by infrared or Ultrasonic detectors.
- the described method for directional audio radiation based on a modulated ultrasound carrier signal is characterized by a small footprint, high Bundling of the audio sound and reduction of the ultrasonic radiation on the phone. It is particularly suitable for use in small rooms, e.g. in Vehicles, with appropriate design on the individual seats offered different audio signals can be without causing acoustic overlays result.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Systeme, mit denen akustische Signale (wie z.B. Sprache, Musik) erzeugt werden können. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung Systeme, bei denen die akustischen Signale im wesentlichen in eine Richtung gebündelt abgestrahlt werden.The invention relates to systems with which acoustic signals (such as speech, music) can be generated. In particular The invention relates to systems in which the acoustic Signals concentrated in one direction be radiated.
Herkömmliche Systeme, bei denen das Audio-Signal als Luftschwingung direkt über Einzellautsprecher oder auch einem Lautsprecherarray abgestrahlt wird, können nur eine relativ begrenzte Bündelung der Schallabstrahlung erreichen. Bei einem neuen Verfahren wird demgegenüber das Audio-Signal nicht direkt abgegeben, sondern als Veränderung der Amlitude (Amplitudenmodulation, AM) einer Trägerschwingung sehr hoher Frequenz (Ultraschall). Das zugrundeliegende physikalische Phänomen der akustischen Wahrnehmung von Summen- und Differenztönen als Folge nichtlinearer Eigenschaften der Luft wurde bereits von dem Physiker Helmholtz im 19. Jahrhundert erkannt und untersucht. Die Anwendung der physikalischen Prinzipien zum Bau eines Ultraschall/Audio-Lautsprechers werden beschrieben von Yoneyama, Fujimoto, Kawamo und Sasabe in 'The audio spotlight: An application of nonlinear interaction of sound waves to a new type of loudspeaker design', in Journal of the Acustic Society of America, 1983, Seite 1532-1536.Conventional systems where the audio signal as air vibration directly via single speaker or one Speaker array is radiated, only a relative achieve limited bundling of sound radiation. at a new method, in contrast, the audio signal not directly delivered, but as a change in amplitude (Amplitude modulation, AM) of a carrier wave very high frequency (ultrasound). The underlying physical Phenomenon of the acoustic perception of sum and Difference tones as a consequence of nonlinear properties of Air was already used by the physicist Helmholtz in the 19th century recognized and examined. The application of physical Principles for building an ultrasonic / audio speaker are described by Yoneyama, Fujimoto, Kawamo and Sasabe in 'The audio spotlight: An application of nonlinear Interaction of sound waves to a new type of loudspeaker design ', in Journal of the Acustic Society of America, 1983, pages 1532-1536.
Ein Ultraschall/Audio-Lautprecher erzeugt zunächst ein Trägersignal mit einer Frequenz, die über der oberen Hörgrenze des Menschen liegt, also im Ultraschallbereich. Zur Erzeugung hörbarer Schallschwingungen wird das Trägersignal mit dem zu übertragenden Audio-Signal amplitudenmoduliert. Da das Ultraschall-Trägersignal selbst nicht hörbar ist, kann es mit hohem Schalldruck abgestrahlt werden. Bei diesen hohen Schalldrucken verhält sich die Luft nichtlinear und wirkt daher wie ein Demodulator, der das AM-Signal demoduliert und somit das Audio-Signal als Luftschwingung im hörbaren Bereich wieder erzeugt. Da das hörbare Audio-Signal in dem Medium Luft selbst erst entsteht, nimmt dessen Lautstärke mit dem Abstand vom Sender (Ultraschall-Lautsprecher) zunächst ständig zu und wird dann infolge der Absorption der Luft in größerer Entfernung wieder abnehmen. An ultrasound / audio speaker initially generates a carrier signal with a frequency that is above the upper limit of hearing of the human being, ie in the ultrasound range. To produce audible sound vibrations, the carrier signal with amplitude modulated to the audio signal to be transmitted. There the ultrasound carrier signal itself is not audible, can it is emitted with high sound pressure. In these high air pressure, the air behaves nonlinear and therefore acts like a demodulator that demodulates the AM signal and thus the audio signal as air vibration in the audible range generated again. Because the audible audio signal In the medium of air itself first arises, it takes away Volume with the distance from the transmitter (ultrasonic loudspeaker) First, constantly and then as a result of Absorb absorption of the air at a greater distance again.
Dabei ist die zur Abstrahlungsrichtung seitliche räumliche Ausdehnung bzw. Bündelung des generierten Audio-Signals abhängig von der Bündelung des Ultraschall-Trägersignals (Öffnungswinkel des abgestrahlten Ultrachall-Kegels) und i.a. etwas größer als der Ultraschallbereich. Dies kann insbesondere bei beengten Raumverhältnissen (FahrzeugInnenraum) zu unerwünschten Reflexionen an Gegenständen führen. Auch die akustische Beschränkung auf nur einen spezifischen Hörer (z.B.Wahl individueller Hörprogramme verschiedener Insassen im Fahrzeug) ist wegen der lateralen Verbreiterung des Audio-Signals kaum erreichbar.In this case, the lateral to the emission direction spatial Expansion or bundling of the generated audio signal depending on the bundling of the ultrasonic carrier signal (Opening angle of the radiated Ultrachall cone) and i.a. slightly larger than the ultrasound range. This can especially in confined spaces (vehicle interior) to unwanted reflections on objects to lead. Also the acoustic restriction to only one specific Handset (e.g., selecting individual programs of various types Occupants in the vehicle) is due to the lateral Broadening of the audio signal barely reachable.
Wesentlich ist bei solchen Systemen mit moduliertem Ultraschallsignal, dass ein gewisser Abstand zum Sender erforderlich ist, um hörbare Signale zu erzeugen. Der Abstand kann bei praktischen Systemen bei ca. 20 cm bis ca. 1 m liegen, so dass bei Einsatz unter beengten Raumverhältnissen (z.B. in Fahrzeugen) besondere technische Probleme (Einhaltung des Mindestabstands zwischen Ultraschall-Lautsprecher und Hörer, gute Justierung des Audio-Schalls auf den jeweiligen Hörer usw.) auftreten können.It is essential in such systems with modulated ultrasonic signal, that requires a certain distance to the transmitter is to produce audible signals. The distance can in practical systems at about 20 cm to about 1 m lie so that when used in confined spaces (for example in vehicles) special technical problems (Compliance with the minimum distance between ultrasonic speakers and listener, good adjustment of audio sound on the respective listener, etc.) can occur.
Aus der Schrift DE 196 28 849 A1 ist ein Richtstrahler bekannt, der mit einem Parabolreflektor versehen ist, um einen Hörer gerichtet und gebündelt zu beschallen. Der Strahler wird hierzu direkt auf den Hörer hin ausgerichtet.From the document DE 196 28 849 A1 a directional radiator is known which is provided with a parabolic reflector to one Listener focused and focused to sound. The spotlight This is aimed directly at the listener.
Ein System zur gezielten Beschallung von Teilbereichen innerhalb eines Gesamtbereichs wird in DE 42 30 362 A1 beschrieben. Hierbei werden über eine Gruppe von Lautsprecher mit einem Audiosignal modulierte Ultraschall-Trägersignale auf einen Hörer hin ausgesandt.A system for targeted sonication of partial areas within a total area is described in DE 42 30 362 A1. This will be about a group of speakers ultrasound carrier signals modulated with an audio signal sent out to a listener.
Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht in der Notwendigkeit, das Ultraschall-Trägersignal mit hoher Intensität abzustrahlen, da erst bei entsprechend hohem Schalldruck nichtlineare Eigenschaften der Luft auftreten, die für die Demodulation der Audio-Signale erforderlich sind. Bei praktischen Systemen ist zur Erzeugung von Audio-Schall geringer bis mittlerer Lautstärke bereits ein Ultraschallpegel von ca. 130dB(A) erforderlich. Der übliche Pegel für hörbaren Schall (Musik, Sprache) liegt demgegenüber im Bereich von ca. 30 bis 90dB(A). Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen durch sehr hohe Ultraschallpegel auf den Menschen sind noch nicht abschließend erforscht. Gerade bei Einsatz in Fahrzeugen (wo u.U. auch mehrere Ultraschallsender gleichzeitig aktiv sein können um für verschiedene Insassen verschiedene Audio-Signale zu erzeugen) könnten die hohen Ultraschallpegel evtl. zu unerwünschten Nebeneffekten führen.Another disadvantage is the need to do that To emit high-intensity ultrasound carrier signal, because only at a correspondingly high sound pressure non-linear Properties of air occur for demodulation the audio signals are required. In practical systems is lower to produce audio sound medium volume already an ultrasonic level of approx. 130dB (A) required. The usual level for audible Sound (music, speech) is in the range of about 30 to 90dB (A). Health effects by very high levels of ultrasound on humans are not yet finally explored. Especially when used in vehicles (Where applicable, several ultrasonic transmitters may be active at the same time can be different audio signals for different occupants could generate) the high ultrasonic levels possibly lead to undesirable side effects.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein verbessertes Verfahren und System zur gerichteten Abstrahlung von Audio-Schall auf der Basis modulierten Ultraschalls zu entwickeln, das die genannten Nachteile bezüglich Audio-Schallbündelung, notwendigem Abstand zwischen Sender und Hörer und hohem Ultraschallpegel weitgehend überwindet. Based on this prior art is the present Invention based on the object, an improved method and system for directional emission of audio sound based on modulated ultrasound to develop the mentioned disadvantages with regard to audio sound bundling, necessary distance between transmitter and Handset and high ultrasound level largely overcomes.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 gelöst durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Die Merkmale einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind in Anspruch 7 aufgeführt. Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung und Vorzüge verschiedener Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche.This task is used in a method with the features the preamble of claim 1 solved by the characterizing Features of claim 1. The features of a corresponding device according to the invention Methods are given in claim 7. more details the invention and advantages of various embodiments emerge from the features of the subclaims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die entsprechende Vorrichtung wird im folgenden anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beschrieben, wobei Bezug genommen wird auf die Abbildungen und darin aufgeführten Bezugsziffern.The inventive method and the corresponding device will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment described with reference to the Illustrations and reference numbers shown therein.
Es zeigt:
- Abbildung 1:
- Ein übliches System zur gerichteten Audio-Beschallung durch Modulation von Ultraschall mit hohem Pegel.
- Abbildung 2:
- Ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der Bündelung der Schallabstrahlung in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz.
- Abbildung 3:
- Ein System nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit einem Reflektor zwischen Schallquelle und Hörer.
- Abbildung 4:
- Ein Beipiel für einen Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Systems in einem PKW.
- Illustration 1:
- A common system for directional audio sonication by modulation of high level ultrasound.
- Figure 2:
- A diagram showing the bundling of the sound radiation as a function of the frequency.
- Figure 3:
- A system according to the inventive method with a reflector between the sound source and the listener.
- Figure 4:
- An example of a use of the system according to the invention in a car.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird zunächst mit einem üblichen System ein amplitudenmoduliertes Ultraschall-Signal von einem Utraschallsender abgestrahlt, wobei sich der Ultraschall in Form eines gebündelten Schallkegels ausbreitet. Abbildung 1 zeigt schematisch eine derartige Anordnung. Der Ultraschallsender (1) erzeugt das amplitudenmodulierte Trägersignal, das sich in Form eines gebündelten Ultraschallkegels (2) ausbreitet. Durch den hohen Schalldruck innerhalb des Ultraschallkegels wird der Audio-Schall erzeugt (3), ebenfalls in einem kegelförmigen Bereich. Beide Schall-Kegel erreichen den Hörer (4), der sich in einem Abstand zum Sender befindet, der für die Demodulation des Audiosignals erforderlich ist.In the method according to the invention is first with a usual system an amplitude modulated ultrasonic signal emitted by an ultrasonic transmitter, wherein the Ultrasound propagates in the form of a bundled cone of sound. Figure 1 shows schematically such an arrangement. The ultrasonic transmitter (1) generates the amplitude-modulated Carrier signal, which is in the form of a bundled Ultrasound cone (2) spreads. Due to the high sound pressure within the ultrasonic cone becomes the audio sound produced (3), also in a conical area. Both sound cones reach the listener (4), who is in a distance to the transmitter, which is for demodulation of the audio signal is required.
In der Regel ist das Trägersignal stärker gebündelt, d.h. der Ultraschall-Kegel hat, wie in Abbildung 2 dargestellt, einen kleineren Öffnungswinkel gegenüber dem Bereich des Audio-Schalls. Dabei sind verschiedene Frequenzen des hörbaren Audio-Schalls im allgemeinen räumlich unterschiedlich stark gebündelt. Abbildung 2 zeigt diese räumliche Verteilung der Schallabstrahlung in Abhängigkeit von der Schallfrequenz. Dargestellt sind Messergebnisse an einem Ultraschallsender mit einer Frequenz des Trägersignals von 127kHz und zwei verschiedenen Frequenzen des in der Luft demodulierten Audio-Signals. In Y-Richtung ist der gemessene dB-Wert der Leistung und in X-Richtung der Abstrahlwinkel in Grad angegeben. Der Winkel von 90 Grad entspricht in dieser Darstellung der Hauptrichtung der Schallabstrahlung (Achse des Schallkegels). Typically, the carrier signal is more focused, i. the ultrasonic cone has, as shown in Figure 2, a smaller opening angle compared to the area of Audio sound. There are different frequencies of the audible Audio sound generally spatially different strongly bundled. Figure 2 shows this spatial distribution the sound radiation as a function of the sound frequency. Shown are measurement results on an ultrasonic transmitter with a frequency of the carrier signal of 127kHz and two different frequencies in the air demodulated audio signal. In the Y direction is the measured dB value of the power and in the X direction of the beam angle in degrees. The angle of 90 degrees corresponds in this representation of the main direction of sound radiation (Axis of the cone of sound).
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird nun verhindert, dass das intensive Ultraschall-Trägersignal das Ohr des Hörers direkt erreicht. Hierzu wird ein Reflektor (5) in einem Abstand vom Ultraschallsender (1) in den Ultraschall-Kegel (2) so eingebracht, dass der Schall in eine neue Richtung umlenkt wird. Abbildung 3 zeigt eine entsprechende Anordnung, wobei der Schallkegel des Ultraschall-Trägersignals (2) und der Schallkegel des Audio-Signals (3) dargestellt sind.In the method according to the invention, it is now prevented that the intense ultrasound carrier signal is the ear of the Handset reached directly. For this purpose, a reflector (5) in a distance from the ultrasonic transmitter (1) in the ultrasonic cone (2) so introduced that the sound into a new Direction is redirected. Figure 3 shows a corresponding one Arrangement, wherein the sound cone of the ultrasonic carrier signal (2) and the sound cone of the audio signal (3) are shown.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat den Vorteil, dass das vom Reflektor (5) weitergeleitete Audiosignal (3) auf den Hörer (4) gebündelt werden kann. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise durch entsprechende Formgebung des Reflektors (5), der beispielsweise als konkave Fläche (Kalotte) ausgebildet ist. Damit kann auch bei beengten Raumverhältnissen (Fahrzeug) eine gute Bündelung des reflektierten Schalls (3) auf ein eng begrenztes Raumgebiet (Kopfbereich eines einzelnen Hörers) erreicht werden. Im Idealfall wird nur das Ohr des jeweiligen Hörers erreicht, um weitere Reflexionen am Kopf des Hörers möglichst zu vermeiden.The inventive method has the advantage that the from the reflector (5) forwarded audio signal (3) on the Handset (4) can be bundled. this happens preferably by appropriate shaping of the reflector (5), for example, as a concave surface (dome) is trained. This can be used even in confined spaces Spaces (vehicle) a good bundling of the reflected sound (3) on a narrow space area (Head of a single listener) can be achieved. in the Ideally, only the ear of the respective listener is reached, To further reflections on the head of the listener as possible avoid.
Durch die Reflexion ist zusätzlich der erforderliche Minimalabstand zur Erzeugung des demodulierten Audio-Signals (3) nicht als direkte, linear freie Distanz zwischen Ultraschallsender (1) und Hörer (4) notwendig, sondern kann durch entsprechende Schrägstellung des Reflektors (5) auch so abgewinkelt werden, dass ein evtl. nur geringer verfügbarer Einbauplatz ausreicht. In einer anderen Ausführungsform können auch mehrere Reflektoren (5) nacheinander gestellt sein und aufeinanderfolgend den Schall weiterleiten, so dass die erforderliche Wegstrecke durch Mehrfachreflexion erreicht wird (nicht abgebildet).Due to the reflection is also the required minimum distance for generating the demodulated audio signal (3) not as a direct, linear free distance between Ultrasonic transmitter (1) and receiver (4) necessary but can by appropriate inclination of the reflector (5) also be angled so that a possibly only small available space is sufficient. In another Embodiment can also be multiple reflectors (5) be placed one after the other and successively the Forward sound so that the required distance achieved by multiple reflection will (not shown).
Ein besonderer Vorteil besteht in der Möglichkeit, das
Audio-Signal (3) vom Ultraschall-Trägersignal (2) zu
separieren.
Ist der Weg vom Ultraschallsender (1) zum Reflektor (5) genügend
lang, um in der Luft das Audio-Signal (3) zu
erzeugen, so wird das Ultraschall-Trägersignal (2) nicht
mehr benötigt. Damit kann das (intensive) Ultraschall-Trägersignal
abgeschwächt werden, so dass den Hörer (4) der
Ultraschall nur noch stark reduziert oder überhaupt nicht
mehr erreicht. Hierzu kann ein Mittel in den Schallkegel
eingebracht werden, das das Ultraschall-Trägersignal (2)
selektiv ausblendet bzw. abschwächt.A particular advantage is the ability to separate the audio signal (3) from the ultrasound carrier signal (2).
If the path from the ultrasound transmitter (1) to the reflector (5) is long enough to generate the audio signal (3) in the air, the ultrasound carrier signal (2) is no longer needed. Thus, the (intense) ultrasound carrier signal can be attenuated, so that the listener (4) of the ultrasound only greatly reduced or not reached. For this purpose, a means can be introduced into the cone of sound, which selectively fades out or attenuates the ultrasound carrier signal (2).
In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Reflektor (5) entsprechend so ausgestaltet, dass er selektive Reflexionseigenschaften aufweist: der Ultraschall (2) wird am Reflektor (5) aufgrund seiner hohen Frequenz durch Absorption deutlich in seiner Leistung reduziert, während der niederfrequente Audio-Schall (3) dagegen nahezu ungeschwächt reflektiert wird. Eine solche selektive Dämpfung am Reflektor (5) kann beispielsweise erreicht werden durch eine Ultraschall-absorbierende Beschichtung des Reflektors. Hierfür eignet sich z.B. feinporiges Material. Im einfachsten Fall kann dafür ein dünner Bespannstoff verwendet werden. Die Ultraschall-absorbierende Schicht kann dabei eine kleinere Fläche haben als die gesamte Reflektorfläche, falls der Ultraschall entsprechend eng gebündelt ist und somit nur einen Teil der Reflektorfläche trifft, während der Audio-Schallkegel u.U. etwas ausgedehnter ist.In the preferred embodiment, the reflector (5) accordingly designed so that it is selective Reflection properties: the ultrasound (2) is on the reflector (5) due to its high frequency Absorption significantly reduced in its performance while the low-frequency audio sound (3), however, almost unimpaired. Such a selective Damping on the reflector (5) can be achieved, for example be through an ultrasound-absorbing coating of the reflector. For this purpose, e.g. fine-pored Material. In the simplest case can be a thinner Bespannstoff be used. The ultrasound-absorbing Layer can have a smaller area as the entire reflector surface, if the ultrasound is tightly bundled and therefore only a part of the Reflector surface hits while the audio sound cone u.U. something more extended.
Besonders eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren für den Einsatz in kleinen Räumen, z.B. Fahrzeugen. Abbildung 4 zeigt schematisch den Einbau des entsprechenden Reflektor-Systems in ein Fahrzeug. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Ultraschallsender (1) in das Armaturenbrett (6) eingebaut. Damit ergeben sich gute Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten bzgl. der notwendigen Einbautiefe, die u.U. auch erforderliche Kühlungsvorrichtungen aufnehmen kann. Das in diesem Beispiel schräg nach oben abgestrahlte Ultraschall-Trägersignal (2) trifft auf den Reflektor (5), der hier im oberen Bereich der Windschutzscheibe (9) angebracht ist, beispielsweise im Übergangsbereich zwischen Windschutzscheibe und Dachhimmel (8) des Fahrzeugs oder als integrierter Teil des Dachhimmels (8). Durch die ultraschallabsorbierende Beschichtung des Reflektors (5) wird das Ultraschallträgersignal stark gedämpft, so dass praktisch nur der hörbare Audio-Schall (3) reflektiert wird. Die Oberflächenkrümmung des Reflektors (5) bewirkt zusätzlich eine Fokussierung des Audio-Schalls (3). Die Hauptrichtung der Reflexion ist so eingestellt, dass die reflektierten Audio-Signale (3) das Ohr des Hörers (4) erreichen. Eine entsprechende Justierung (z.B. zur individuellen Anpassung an die Körpergröße des Hörers oder bei Verstellen der Sitzhöhe) kann über Stellvorrichtungen am Reflektor (5) und/oder durch Veränderung der Abstrahlrichtung am Ultraschallsender (1) - hier im Armaturenbrett - erfolgen.The inventive method is particularly suitable for the use in small rooms, e.g. Vehicles. Figure 4 shows schematically the installation of the corresponding reflector system in a vehicle. In this embodiment the ultrasonic transmitter (1) in the dashboard (6) built-in. This results in good design options regarding the necessary installation depth, the u.U. also can accommodate required cooling devices. This in This example obliquely upwardly emitted ultrasonic carrier signal (2) meets the reflector (5), here in the upper portion of the windshield (9) is mounted, for example in the transition area between Windscreen and headliner (8) of the vehicle or as integrated part of the headliner (8). By the Ultrasonic absorbing coating of the reflector (5) the ultrasonic carrier signal is strongly attenuated, so that practically only the audible audio sound (3) reflected becomes. The surface curvature of the reflector (5) causes additionally a focusing of the audio sound (3). The Main direction of the reflection is adjusted so that the reflected audio signals (3) the ear of the listener (4) to reach. An appropriate adjustment (e.g. individual adaptation to the height of the listener or when adjusting the seat height) can via adjusting devices on the reflector (5) and / or by changing the Direction of emission at the ultrasonic transmitter (1) - here in the Dashboard - done.
Grundsätzlich bietet das erfindungsgemäße Reflektor-System den Vorteil, dass alle Komponenten des Systems, die ein größeres Gewicht und ein entsprechendes Volumen aufweisen, in Bereichen des Fahrraums untergebracht werden können, die größeren Platz bieten. Der Reflektor selbst kann relativ dünn und aus einem leichten Material (z.B. Aluminium, Kunststoff usw.) gefertigt sein. Dies ist auch unter Sicherheitsaspekten ein Vorteil, da alle schwereren Komponenten (Ultraschallsender) durch entsprechende Integration in stabile und auch tiefer liegende Bereiche des Fahrzeugs im Falle eines Unfalls entsprechend abgeschirmt sind (Verringerung der Gefahr von Verletzungen im Kopfbereich).In principle, the reflector system according to the invention offers the advantage that all components of the system, the one have greater weight and a corresponding volume, can be accommodated in areas of the driving area, the offer more space. The reflector itself can be relative thin and made of a light material (e.g. Plastic, etc.). This is also under Safety aspects an advantage, since all heavier Components (ultrasonic transmitter) by appropriate Integration into stable and deeper areas of the vehicle in the event of an accident are shielded (reducing the risk of injury in the head area).
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform (nicht dargestellt)kann das Reflektor-System durch eine Sicherheitsvorrichtung derart erweitert werden, dass für den Fall einer Annäherung eines Gegenstands oder einer Person an den Bereich hoher Ultraschallintensität (Ultraschall-Kegel zwischen Ultraschallsender und Reflektor) eine automatische Abschaltung bzw. Abschwächung des Ultraschallsignals erfolgt. Die Erkennung des Eindringens in den Ultraschall-Kegel kann in üblicher Weise durch Näherungsdetektoren nach dem Stand der Technik erfolgen, z.B. durch Infrarot- oder Ultraschalldetektoren.In a further embodiment (not shown) can the reflector system by a safety device be extended so that in case of an approximation of an object or a person to the area of high Ultrasonic intensity (ultrasonic cone between Ultrasonic transmitter and reflector) an automatic Shutdown or attenuation of the ultrasonic signal he follows. The detection of penetration into the ultrasonic cone can in the usual way by proximity detectors after in the prior art, e.g. by infrared or Ultrasonic detectors.
Das beschriebene Verfahren zur gerichteten Audio-Abstrahlung basierend auf einem modulierten Ultraschall -Trägersignal zeichnet sich aus durch geringen Platzbedarf, hohe Bündelung des Audio-Schalls und Verringerung der Ultraschalleinstrahlung auf den Hörer. Es ist insbesondere geeignet für den Einsatz in kleinen Räumen, wie z.B. in Fahrzeugen, wobei bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung auf den einzelnen Plätzen unterschiedliche Audio-Signale angeboten werden können, ohne dass sich akustische Überlagerungen ergeben.The described method for directional audio radiation based on a modulated ultrasound carrier signal is characterized by a small footprint, high Bundling of the audio sound and reduction of the ultrasonic radiation on the phone. It is particularly suitable for use in small rooms, e.g. in Vehicles, with appropriate design on the individual seats offered different audio signals can be without causing acoustic overlays result.
Claims (16)
wobei das Ultraschall -Trägersignal (2) vor Erreichen des Hörers (4) durch ein zwischen Ultraschall -Sender (1) und Hörer (4) eingebrachtes Mittel gedämpft wird. A method for the directional sound of a receiver (4) with acoustically perceptible audio sound (3) by modulation of the amplitude of an intense ultrasound carrier signal (2), which is emitted by an ultrasonic transmitter (1) bundled, characterized in that the audio sound (3) is directed onto the receiver (4) by means of a reflector (5),
wherein the ultrasound carrier signal (2) is attenuated before reaching the receiver (4) by means introduced between the ultrasound transmitter (1) and the receiver (4).
und dass zwischen Ultraschall-Sender (1) und Hörer (4) ein Mittel eingebracht ist, das die Intensität des Ultraschall-Trägersignals (2) vor Erreichen des Hörers (4) stark verringert.Device for directional sonication of a receiver (4) with acoustically perceptible audio sound (3), wherein an ultrasound transmitter (1) radiates an amplitude-modulated ultrasound carrier signal (2) bundled with high intensity, characterized in that a reflector (5) is present which reflects the audio sound (3) towards the listener (4),
and that between the ultrasonic transmitter (1) and the receiver (4) a means is introduced, which greatly reduces the intensity of the ultrasonic carrier signal (2) before reaching the receiver (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10140646 | 2001-08-18 | ||
| DE10140646A DE10140646C2 (en) | 2001-08-18 | 2001-08-18 | Method and device for directional audio irradiation |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1284586A2 true EP1284586A2 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
| EP1284586A3 EP1284586A3 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
| EP1284586B1 EP1284586B1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
Family
ID=7695932
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02017268A Expired - Fee Related EP1284586B1 (en) | 2001-08-18 | 2002-08-01 | Method and system for directional sound generation |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030035552A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1284586B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003163986A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10140646C2 (en) |
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| WO2012136386A1 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. . | Playback device for audio and video |
| EP2599332A2 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2013-06-05 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung E.V. | Vehicle with sound wave reflector |
| EP2891842A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-07-08 | Audi Ag | Device for reflection of acoustic and/or optical signals output by at least one acoustic and/or optical signal output device in the interior of a motor vehicle |
| CN105992099A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-10-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Terminal and method for terminal to broadcast audio signals directionally |
| DE102018001971A1 (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-20 | Daimler Ag | Method and vehicle for targeted information transfer in a predetermined direction outside a vehicle |
| EP3462751A1 (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-03 | Vestel Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. | Speaker assembly |
| CN113316062A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-27 | 成都西科微波通讯有限公司 | Omnidirectional audio modulation method based on transducer annular array |
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| US20040208325A1 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-21 | Cheung Kwok Wai | Method and apparatus for wireless audio delivery |
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| US20090156249A1 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | John Ruckart | Devices and computer readable media for use with devices having audio output within a spatially controlled output beam |
| US20120281858A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-08 | Menachem Margaliot | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION OF SOUND WAVES WITH HIGH LOCALIZATION of SOUND PRODUCTION |
| JP2012239023A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-12-06 | Denso Corp | Parametric speaker |
| KR101630790B1 (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2016-06-15 | 프라운호퍼 게젤샤프트 쭈르 푀르데룽 데어 안겐반텐 포르슝 에. 베. | Vehicle with side wall speakers |
| JP5787173B2 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2015-09-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Vehicle sound output device |
| US9967672B2 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2018-05-08 | Clearmotion Acquisition I Llc | Audio system |
| US10403082B2 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2019-09-03 | Igt Canada Solutions Ulc | Systems and methods for providing private sound from a wagering gaming machine via modulated ultrasound |
| DE102018209962A1 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-24 | Faurecia Innenraum Systeme Gmbh | Private audio system for a 3D-like listening experience for vehicle occupants and a method for its generation |
| US10645487B2 (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-05-05 | Warped Dynamics, LLC | Vertically configured parametric transducer headphones |
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| EP2599332B1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2021-07-14 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung E.V. | Vehicle with sound wave reflector |
| WO2012136386A1 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. . | Playback device for audio and video |
| EP2891842A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-07-08 | Audi Ag | Device for reflection of acoustic and/or optical signals output by at least one acoustic and/or optical signal output device in the interior of a motor vehicle |
| CN105992099A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-10-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Terminal and method for terminal to broadcast audio signals directionally |
| EP3462751A1 (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-03 | Vestel Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. | Speaker assembly |
| DE102018001971A1 (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-20 | Daimler Ag | Method and vehicle for targeted information transfer in a predetermined direction outside a vehicle |
| CN113316062A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-27 | 成都西科微波通讯有限公司 | Omnidirectional audio modulation method based on transducer annular array |
| CN113316062B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2024-02-02 | 成都西科微波通讯有限公司 | Omnidirectional audio modulation method based on transducer annular array |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1284586B1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
| DE10140646C2 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
| JP2003163986A (en) | 2003-06-06 |
| DE10140646A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
| US20030035552A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
| DE50206061D1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| EP1284586A3 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
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