EP1284586B1 - Method and system for directional sound generation - Google Patents
Method and system for directional sound generation Download PDFInfo
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- EP1284586B1 EP1284586B1 EP02017268A EP02017268A EP1284586B1 EP 1284586 B1 EP1284586 B1 EP 1284586B1 EP 02017268 A EP02017268 A EP 02017268A EP 02017268 A EP02017268 A EP 02017268A EP 1284586 B1 EP1284586 B1 EP 1284586B1
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 40
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
- H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/28—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using reflection, e.g. parabolic reflectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2217/00—Details of magnetostrictive, piezoelectric, or electrostrictive transducers covered by H04R15/00 or H04R17/00 but not provided for in any of their subgroups
- H04R2217/03—Parametric transducers where sound is generated or captured by the acoustic demodulation of amplitude modulated ultrasonic waves
Definitions
- the invention relates to systems with which acoustic signals (such as speech, music) can be generated.
- acoustic signals such as speech, music
- the invention relates to systems in which the acoustic signals are emitted in a concentrated manner in one direction.
- An ultrasound / audio loudspeaker first generates a carrier signal with a frequency that is above the upper limit of human hearing, ie in the ultrasound range.
- the carrier signal is amplitude modulated with the audio signal to be transmitted. Since the ultrasound carrier signal itself is not audible, it can be emitted with high sound pressure. At these high sound pressures, the air behaves non-linearly and thus acts as a demodulator that demodulates the AM signal and thus recreates the audio signal as air vibration in the audible range. Since the audible audio signal arises in the medium air itself first, its volume with the distance from the transmitter (ultrasonic speaker) initially increases steadily and will then decrease due to the absorption of air in the greater distance again.
- the spatial direction or bundling of the generated audio signal which is lateral to the emission direction, depends on the bundling of the ultrasound carrier signal (opening angle of the emitted ultrachall cone) and i.a. slightly larger than the ultrasound range. This can lead to unwanted reflections on objects, especially in confined spaces (vehicle interior). Also, the acoustic restriction to only one specific listener (e.g., choosing individual hearing programs of different occupants in the vehicle) is hardly achievable because of the lateral broadening of the audio signal.
- the distance can be in practical systems at about 20 cm to about 1 m, so that when using in confined spaces (eg in vehicles) special technical problems (compliance with the minimum distance between the ultrasonic speaker and handset, good adjustment of the audio sound on the respective listener, etc.) can occur.
- a directional radiator is known, which is provided with a parabolic reflector to direct a listener and bundled to sonicate.
- the spotlight is aimed directly at the listener.
- a system for targeted sonication of partial areas within a total area is described in DE 42 30 362 A1.
- ultrasound carrier signals modulated by a group of loudspeakers with an audio signal are transmitted to a listener.
- Another disadvantage is the need to radiate the ultrasound carrier signal with high intensity, since only at a correspondingly high sound pressure non-linear properties of the air occur, which are required for the demodulation of the audio signals.
- an audio level of about 130dB (A) is required to produce low-to-medium volume audio.
- the usual level for audible sound (music, speech) is in the range of about 30 to 90 dB (A).
- Health effects of very high levels of ultrasound on humans have not been conclusively explored. Particularly when used in vehicles (where, where necessary, several ultrasonic transmitters can also be active at the same time in order to produce different audio signals for different occupants), the high ultrasonic levels could possibly lead to undesirable side effects.
- US Pat. No. 4,823,908 A1 discloses a device for the directional sounding of a receiver with acoustically perceptible audio sound, in which the sound waves emanating from an ultrasound transmitter are weakened in its energy by a filter medium mounted in close proximity to space. In this way, the intensity of the ultrasonic carrier signal is greatly reduced before reaching the listener.
- the present invention has the object to find an improved device for the directed emission of audio sound, which provides good design possibilities in the spatial placement of heavy and voluminous components of the system.
- an amplitude-modulated ultrasound signal is first radiated by an ultrasound transmitter with a conventional system, whereby the ultrasound propagates in the form of a focused sound cone.
- Figure 1 shows schematically such an arrangement.
- the ultrasonic transmitter (1) generates the amplitude-modulated carrier signal, which propagates in the form of a bundled ultrasonic cone (2). Due to the high sound pressure inside the ultrasonic cone, the audio sound is generated (3), also in a conical area. Both sound cones reach the listener (4), which is located at a distance to the transmitter, which is required for the demodulation of the audio signal.
- the carrier signal is bundled more concentrated, that is, the ultrasonic cone has, as shown in Figure 2, a smaller opening angle with respect to the area of the audio sound.
- different frequencies of the audible audio sound are generally spatially concentrated differently.
- Figure 2 shows this spatial distribution of sound radiation as a function of the sound frequency. Shown are measurement results on an ultrasonic transmitter with a frequency of the carrier signal of 127 kHz and two different frequencies of the audio signal demodulated in the air. In the Y direction, the measured dB value of the power and in the X direction the radiation angle in degrees. The angle of 90 degrees in this illustration corresponds to the main direction of the sound radiation (axis of the sound cone).
- the device according to the invention has the advantage that the audio signal (3) relayed by the reflector (5) can be bundled onto the receiver (4). This is preferably done by appropriate shaping of the reflector (5), which is formed for example as a concave surface (dome). Thus, even in confined spaces (vehicle) a good concentration of the reflected sound (3) on a narrow space area (head of a single listener) can be achieved. Ideally, only the ear of each listener is reached in order to avoid further reflections on the head of the listener as possible.
- the required minimum distance for generating the demodulated audio signal (3) is not necessary as a direct, linear free distance between the ultrasonic transmitter (1) and receiver (4), but can also be angled by appropriate inclination of the reflector (5) be that one possibly only minor available space is sufficient.
- a plurality of reflectors (5) can be set one after another and successively forward the sound, so that the required distance is achieved by multiple reflection (not shown).
- a particular advantage is the ability to separate the audio signal (3) from the ultrasound carrier signal (2). If the distance from the ultrasound transmitter (1) to the reflector (5) is long enough to produce the audio signal (3) in the air, then the ultrasound carrier signal (2) is no longer needed. Thus, the (intense) ultrasound carrier signal can be attenuated, so that the listener (4) of the ultrasound only greatly reduced or not reached. For this purpose, a means can be introduced into the cone of sound, which selectively fades out or attenuates the ultrasound carrier signal (2).
- the reflector (5) is correspondingly designed so that it has selective reflection properties: the ultrasound (2) is significantly reduced in its power at the reflector (5) due to its high frequency by absorption, while the low-frequency audio ( 3), however, is reflected almost unimpaired.
- Such selective attenuation at the reflector (5) can be achieved for example by an ultrasound-absorbing coating of the reflector.
- an ultrasound-absorbing coating of the reflector for this purpose, for example, is fine-pored Material. In the simplest case, a thin cover fabric can be used for this.
- the ultrasound-absorbing layer may have a smaller area than the entire reflector surface, if the ultrasound is bundled correspondingly tight and thus only hits a part of the reflector surface, while the audio sound cone may be somewhat more extensive.
- FIG. 4 shows schematically the installation of the corresponding reflector system in a vehicle.
- the ultrasonic transmitter (1) is installed in the instrument panel (6).
- the ultrasound carrier signal (2) radiated obliquely upwards in this example impinges on the reflector (5) which is mounted here in the upper region of the windshield (9), for example in the transition region between the windshield and headliner (8) of the vehicle or as an integrated one Part of the headliner (8). Due to the ultrasound-absorbing coating of the reflector (5), the ultrasound carrier signal is strongly attenuated so that practically only the audible audio sound (3) is reflected.
- the surface curvature of the reflector (5) additionally causes a focusing of the audio sound (3).
- the main direction of the reflection is set so that the reflected audio signals (3) reach the ear of the listener (4).
- An appropriate adjustment eg for individual adjustment to the height of the listener or when adjusting the seat height
- the reflector system according to the invention has the advantage that all components of the system, which have a greater weight and a corresponding volume, can be accommodated in areas of the cab, which offer more space.
- the reflector itself may be relatively thin and made of a lightweight material (e.g., aluminum, plastic, etc.). This is also an advantage from a safety point of view since all heavier components (ultrasound transmitters) are adequately shielded in the event of an accident by appropriate integration into stable and deeper areas of the vehicle (reducing the risk of injuries to the head).
- the reflector system can be extended by a safety device such that in the event of an object or a person approaching the region of high ultrasound intensity (ultrasound cone between ultrasound transmitter and reflector) an automatic shutdown or Attenuation of the ultrasonic signal takes place.
- a safety device such that in the event of an object or a person approaching the region of high ultrasound intensity (ultrasound cone between ultrasound transmitter and reflector) an automatic shutdown or Attenuation of the ultrasonic signal takes place.
- the detection of penetration into the ultrasonic cone can be done in the usual way by proximity detectors
- proximity detectors The prior art, for example by infrared or ultrasonic detectors.
- the described device for directional audio radiation based on a modulated ultrasonic carrier signal is characterized by a small footprint, high concentration of audio sound and reducing the ultrasonic radiation to the listener. It is suitable for use in vehicles, whereby with appropriate design on the individual seats different audio signals can be offered without resulting in acoustic overlays.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Systeme, mit denen akustische Signale (wie z.B. Sprache, Musik) erzeugt werden können. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung Systeme, bei denen die akustischen Signale im wesentlichen in eine Richtung gebündelt abgestrahlt werden.The invention relates to systems with which acoustic signals (such as speech, music) can be generated. In particular, the invention relates to systems in which the acoustic signals are emitted in a concentrated manner in one direction.
Herkömmliche Systeme, bei denen das Audio-Signal als Luftschwingung direkt über Einzellautsprecher oder auch einem Lautsprecherarray abgestrahlt wird, können nur eine relativ begrenzte Bündelung der Schallabstrahlung erreichen. Bei einem neuen Verfahren wird demgegenüber das Audio-Signal nicht direkt abgegeben, sondern als Veränderung der Amlitude (Amplitudenmodulation, AM) einer Trägerschwingung sehr hoher Frequenz (Ultraschall). Das zugrundeliegende physikalische Phänomen der akustischen Wahrnehmung von Summen- und Differenztönen als Folge nichtlinearer Eigenschaften der Luft wurde bereits von dem Physiker Helmholtz im 19. Jahrhundert erkannt und untersucht. Die Anwendung der physikalischen Prinzipien zum Bau eines Ultraschall/Audio-Lautsprechers werden beschrieben von Yoneyama, Fujimoto, Kawamo und Sasabe in 'The audio spotlight: An application of nonlinear interaction of sound waves to a new type of loudspeaker design', in Journal of the Acustic Society of America, 1983, Seite 1532-1536.Conventional systems in which the audio signal is emitted as air vibration directly via individual speakers or a loudspeaker array, can only achieve a relatively limited bundling of sound radiation. In a new method, on the other hand, the audio signal not emitted directly, but as a change in Amlitude (amplitude modulation, AM) of a carrier vibration of very high frequency (ultrasound). The underlying physical phenomenon of the acoustic perception of sum and difference tones as a consequence of nonlinear properties of the air was already recognized and investigated by the physicist Helmholtz in the 19th century. The application of physical principles to the construction of an ultrasonic / audio speaker is described by Yoneyama, Fujimoto, Kawamo and Sasabe in 'The audio spotlight: An application of nonlinear interaction of sound waves to a new type of loudspeaker design', in Journal of the Acustic Society of America, 1983, pages 1532-1536.
Ein Ultraschall/Audio-Lautprecher erzeugt zunächst ein Trägersignal mit einer Frequenz, die über der oberen Hörgrenze des Menschen liegt, also im Ultraschallbereich. Zur Erzeugung hörbarer Schallschwingungen wird das Trägersignal mit dem zu übertragenden Audio-Signal amplitudenmoduliert. Da das Ultraschall-Trägersignal selbst nicht hörbar ist, kann es mit hohem Schalldruck abgestrahlt werden. Bei diesen hohen Schalldrucken verhält sich die Luft nichtlinear und wirkt daher wie ein Demodulator, der das AM-Signal demoduliert und somit das Audio-Signal als Luftschwingung im hörbaren Bereich wieder erzeugt. Da das hörbare Audio-Signal in dem Medium Luft selbst erst entsteht, nimmt dessen Lautstärke mit dem Abstand vom Sender (Ultraschall-Lautsprecher) zunächst ständig zu und wird dann infolge der Absorption der Luft in größerer Entfernung wieder abnehmen.An ultrasound / audio loudspeaker first generates a carrier signal with a frequency that is above the upper limit of human hearing, ie in the ultrasound range. To generate audible sound vibrations, the carrier signal is amplitude modulated with the audio signal to be transmitted. Since the ultrasound carrier signal itself is not audible, it can be emitted with high sound pressure. At these high sound pressures, the air behaves non-linearly and thus acts as a demodulator that demodulates the AM signal and thus recreates the audio signal as air vibration in the audible range. Since the audible audio signal arises in the medium air itself first, its volume with the distance from the transmitter (ultrasonic speaker) initially increases steadily and will then decrease due to the absorption of air in the greater distance again.
Dabei ist die zur Abstrahlungsrichtung seitliche räumliche Ausdehnung bzw. Bündelung des generierten Audio-Signals abhängig von der Bündelung des Ultraschall-Trägersignals (Öffnungswinkel des abgestrahlten Ultrachall-Kegels) und i.a. etwas größer als der Ultraschallbereich. Dies kann insbesondere bei beengten Raumverhältnissen (FahrzeugInnenraum) zu unerwünschten Reflexionen an Gegenständen führen. Auch die akustische Beschränkung auf nur einen spezifischen Hörer (z.B.Wahl individueller Hörprogramme verschiedener Insassen im Fahrzeug) ist wegen der lateralen Verbreiterung des Audio-Signals kaum erreichbar.In this case, the spatial direction or bundling of the generated audio signal, which is lateral to the emission direction, depends on the bundling of the ultrasound carrier signal (opening angle of the emitted ultrachall cone) and i.a. slightly larger than the ultrasound range. This can lead to unwanted reflections on objects, especially in confined spaces (vehicle interior). Also, the acoustic restriction to only one specific listener (e.g., choosing individual hearing programs of different occupants in the vehicle) is hardly achievable because of the lateral broadening of the audio signal.
Wesentlich ist bei solchen Systemen mit moduliertem Ultraschallsignal, dass ein gewisser Abstand zum Sender erforderlich ist, um hörbare Signale zu erzeugen. Der Abstand kann bei praktischen Systemen bei ca. 20 cm bis ca. 1 m liegen, so dass bei Einsatz unter beengten Raumverhältnissen (z.B. in Fahrzeugen) besondere technische Probleme (Einhaltung des Mindestabstands zwischen Ultraschall-Lautsprecher und Hörer, gute Justierung des Audio-Schalls auf den jeweiligen Hörer usw.) auftreten können.It is essential in such systems with modulated ultrasonic signal that a certain distance from the transmitter is required to produce audible signals. The distance can be in practical systems at about 20 cm to about 1 m, so that when using in confined spaces (eg in vehicles) special technical problems (compliance with the minimum distance between the ultrasonic speaker and handset, good adjustment of the audio sound on the respective listener, etc.) can occur.
Aus der Schrift DE 196 28 849 A1 ist ein Richtstrahler bekannt, der mit einem Parabolreflektor versehen ist, um einen Hörer gerichtet und gebündelt zu beschallen. Der Strahler wird hierzu direkt auf den Hörer hin ausgerichtet.From the document DE 196 28 849 A1 a directional radiator is known, which is provided with a parabolic reflector to direct a listener and bundled to sonicate. The spotlight is aimed directly at the listener.
Ein System zur gezielten Beschallung von Teilbereichen innerhalb eines Gesamtbereichs wird in DE 42 30 362 A1 beschrieben. Hierbei werden über eine Gruppe von Lautsprecher mit einem Audiosignal modulierte Ultraschall-Trägersignale auf einen Hörer hin ausgesandt.A system for targeted sonication of partial areas within a total area is described in DE 42 30 362 A1. In this case, ultrasound carrier signals modulated by a group of loudspeakers with an audio signal are transmitted to a listener.
Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht in der Notwendigkeit, das Ultraschall-Trägersignal mit hoher Intensität abzustrahlen, da erst bei entsprechend hohem Schalldruck nichtlineare Eigenschaften der Luft auftreten, die für die Demodulation der Audio-Signale erforderlich sind. Bei praktischen Systemen ist zur Erzeugung von Audio-Schall geringer bis mittlerer Lautstärke bereits ein Ultraschallpegel von ca. 130dB(A) erforderlich. Der übliche Pegel für hörbaren Schall (Musik, Sprache) liegt demgegenüber im Bereich von ca. 30 bis 90dB(A). Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen durch sehr hohe Ultraschallpegel auf den Menschen sind noch nicht abschließend erforscht. Gerade bei Einsatz in Fahrzeugen (wo u.U. auch mehrere Ultraschallsender gleichzeitig aktiv sein können um für verschiedene Insassen verschiedene Audio-Signale zu erzeugen) könnten die hohen Ultraschallpegel evtl. zu unerwünschten Nebeneffekten führen.Another disadvantage is the need to radiate the ultrasound carrier signal with high intensity, since only at a correspondingly high sound pressure non-linear properties of the air occur, which are required for the demodulation of the audio signals. In practical systems, an audio level of about 130dB (A) is required to produce low-to-medium volume audio. The usual level for audible sound (music, speech) is in the range of about 30 to 90 dB (A). Health effects of very high levels of ultrasound on humans have not been conclusively explored. Particularly when used in vehicles (where, where necessary, several ultrasonic transmitters can also be active at the same time in order to produce different audio signals for different occupants), the high ultrasonic levels could possibly lead to undesirable side effects.
Aus dem US-Patent US 4,823,908 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur gerichteten Beschallung eines Hörers mit akustisch wahrnehmbaren Audioschall bekannt, bei welcher die von einem Ultraschallsender ausgehende Schallwellen durch ein in räumlicher nähe angebrachtes Filtermedium in seiner Energie geschwächt wird. Auf diese Weise wird die Intensität des Ultraschall-Trägersignals vor Erreichen des Hörers stark verringert.US Pat. No. 4,823,908 A1 discloses a device for the directional sounding of a receiver with acoustically perceptible audio sound, in which the sound waves emanating from an ultrasound transmitter are weakened in its energy by a filter medium mounted in close proximity to space. In this way, the intensity of the ultrasonic carrier signal is greatly reduced before reaching the listener.
Aus der Druckschrift JP 03252299 (Zusammenfassung) ist eine vergleichbare Beschallungsvorrichtung bekannt, wobei hier alternativ zusätzlich vorgeschlagen wird, das Filtermedium auf einen das Ultraschall-Trägersignal lenkenden Reflektor aufzubringen, welcher sich in räumlicher Nähe zum Ultraschallsender befindet.From document JP 03252299 (abstract), a comparable sounding device is known, wherein here, as an alternative, it is proposed to apply the filter medium to a reflector guiding the ultrasound carrier signal, which is in spatial proximity to the ultrasound transmitter.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte Vorrichtung zur gerichteten Abstrahlung von Audioschall zu finden, welche gute Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten bei der räumlichen Unterbringung schwerer und voluminöser Komponenten des Systems bereitstellt.Based on this prior art, the present invention has the object to find an improved device for the directed emission of audio sound, which provides good design possibilities in the spatial placement of heavy and voluminous components of the system.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung und Vorzüge verschiedener Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1. Further details of the invention and advantages of various embodiments will be apparent from the features of the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die entsprechende Vorrichtung wird im folgenden anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beschrieben, wobei Bezug genommen wird auf die Abbildungen und darin aufgeführten Bezugsziffern.The method and the corresponding device according to the invention will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment, reference being made to the figures and reference numerals therein.
Es zeigt:
- Abbildung 1:
- Ein übliches System zur gerichteten Audio-Beschallung durch Modulation von Ultraschall mit hohem Pegel.
- Abbildung 2:
- Ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der Bündelung der Schallabstrahlung in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz.
- Abbildung 3:
- Ein System nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit einem Reflektor zwischen Schallquelle und Hörer.
- Abbildung 4:
- Ein Beispiel für einen Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Systems in einem PKW.
- Illustration 1:
- A common system for directional audio sonication by modulation of high level ultrasound.
- Figure 2:
- A diagram showing the bundling of the sound radiation as a function of the frequency.
- Figure 3:
- A system according to the inventive method with a reflector between the sound source and the listener.
- Figure 4:
- An example of a use of the system according to the invention in a car.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird zunächst mit einem üblichen System ein amplitudenmoduliertes Ultraschall-Signal von einem Utraschallsender abgestrahlt, wobei sich der Ultraschall in Form eines gebündelten Schallkegels ausbreitet. Abbildung 1 zeigt schematisch eine derartige Anordnung. Der Ultraschallsender (1) erzeugt das amplitudenmodulierte Trägersignal, das sich in Form eines gebündelten Ultraschallkegels (2) ausbreitet. Durch den hohen Schalldruck innerhalb des Ultraschallkegels wird der Audio-Schall erzeugt (3), ebenfalls in einem kegelförmigen Bereich. Beide Schall-Kegel erreichen den Hörer (4), der sich in einem Abstand zum Sender befindet, der für die Demodulation des Audiosignals erforderlich ist.In the device according to the invention, an amplitude-modulated ultrasound signal is first radiated by an ultrasound transmitter with a conventional system, whereby the ultrasound propagates in the form of a focused sound cone. Figure 1 shows schematically such an arrangement. The ultrasonic transmitter (1) generates the amplitude-modulated carrier signal, which propagates in the form of a bundled ultrasonic cone (2). Due to the high sound pressure inside the ultrasonic cone, the audio sound is generated (3), also in a conical area. Both sound cones reach the listener (4), which is located at a distance to the transmitter, which is required for the demodulation of the audio signal.
In der Regel ist das Trägersignal stärker gebündelt, d.h. der Ultraschall-Kegel hat, wie in Abbildung 2 dargestellt, einen kleineren Öffnungswinkel gegenüber dem Bereich des Audio-Schalls. Dabei sind verschiedene Frequenzen des hörbaren Audio-Schalls im allgemeinen räumlich unterschiedlich stark gebündelt. Abbildung 2 zeigt diese räumliche Verteilung der Schallabstrahlung in Abhängigkeit von der Schallfrequenz. Dargestellt sind Messergebnisse an einem Ultraschallsender mit einer Frequenz des Trägersignals von 127kHz und zwei verschiedenen Frequenzen des in der Luft demodulierten Audio-Signals. In Y-Richtung ist der gemessene dB-Wert der Leistung und in X-Richtung der Abstrahlwinkel in Grad angegeben. Der Winkel von 90 Grad entspricht in dieser Darstellung der Hauptrichtung der Schallabstrahlung (Achse des Schallkegels).In general, the carrier signal is bundled more concentrated, that is, the ultrasonic cone has, as shown in Figure 2, a smaller opening angle with respect to the area of the audio sound. In this case, different frequencies of the audible audio sound are generally spatially concentrated differently. Figure 2 shows this spatial distribution of sound radiation as a function of the sound frequency. Shown are measurement results on an ultrasonic transmitter with a frequency of the carrier signal of 127 kHz and two different frequencies of the audio signal demodulated in the air. In the Y direction, the measured dB value of the power and in the X direction the radiation angle in degrees. The angle of 90 degrees in this illustration corresponds to the main direction of the sound radiation (axis of the sound cone).
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird nun verhindert, dass das intensive Ultraschall-Trägersignal das Ohr des Hörers direkt erreicht. Hierzu wird ein Reflektor (5) in einem Abstand vom Ultraschallsender (1) in den Ultraschall-Kegel (2) so eingebracht, dass der Schall in eine neue Richtung umlenkt wird. Abbildung 3 zeigt eine entsprechende Anordnung, wobei der Schallkegel des Ultraschall-Trägersignals (2) und der Schallkegel des Audio-Signals (3) dargestellt sind.In the device according to the invention, it is now prevented that the intensive ultrasound carrier signal reaches the ear of the listener directly. For this purpose, a reflector (5) at a distance from the ultrasonic transmitter (1) in the ultrasonic cone (2) is introduced so that the sound is deflected in a new direction. Figure 3 shows a corresponding arrangement, wherein the sound cone of the ultrasonic carrier signal (2) and the sound cone of the audio signal (3) are shown.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung hat den Vorteil, dass das vom Reflektor (5) weitergeleitete Audiosignal (3) auf den Hörer (4) gebündelt werden kann. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise durch entsprechende Formgebung des Reflektors (5), der beispielsweise als konkave Fläche (Kalotte) ausgebildet ist. Damit kann auch bei beengten Raumverhältnissen (Fahrzeug) eine gute Bündelung des reflektierten Schalls (3) auf ein eng begrenztes Raumgebiet (Kopfbereich eines einzelnen Hörers) erreicht werden. Im Idealfall wird nur das Ohr des jeweiligen Hörers erreicht, um weitere Reflexionen am Kopf des Hörers möglichst zu vermeiden.The device according to the invention has the advantage that the audio signal (3) relayed by the reflector (5) can be bundled onto the receiver (4). This is preferably done by appropriate shaping of the reflector (5), which is formed for example as a concave surface (dome). Thus, even in confined spaces (vehicle) a good concentration of the reflected sound (3) on a narrow space area (head of a single listener) can be achieved. Ideally, only the ear of each listener is reached in order to avoid further reflections on the head of the listener as possible.
Durch die Reflexion ist zusätzlich der erforderliche Minimalabstand zur Erzeugung des demodulierten Audio-Signals (3) nicht als direkte, linear freie Distanz zwischen Ultraschallsender (1) und Hörer (4) notwendig, sondern kann durch entsprechende Schrägstellung des Reflektors (5) auch so abgewinkelt werden, dass ein evtl. nur geringer verfügbarer Einbauplatz ausreicht. In einer anderen Ausführungsform können auch mehrere Reflektoren (5) nacheinander gestellt sein und aufeinanderfolgend den Schall weiterleiten, so dass die erforderliche Wegstrecke durch Mehrfachreflexion erreicht wird (nicht abgebildet).Due to the reflection in addition, the required minimum distance for generating the demodulated audio signal (3) is not necessary as a direct, linear free distance between the ultrasonic transmitter (1) and receiver (4), but can also be angled by appropriate inclination of the reflector (5) be that one possibly only minor available space is sufficient. In another embodiment, a plurality of reflectors (5) can be set one after another and successively forward the sound, so that the required distance is achieved by multiple reflection (not shown).
Ein besonderer Vorteil besteht in der Möglichkeit, das Audio-Signal (3) vom Ultraschall-Trägersignal (2) zu separieren.
Ist der Weg vom Ultraschallsender (1) zum Reflektor (5) genügend lang, um in der Luft das Audio-Signal (3) zu erzeugen, so wird das Ultraschall-Trägersignal (2) nicht mehr benötigt. Damit kann das (intensive) Ultraschall-Trägersignal abgeschwächt werden, so dass den Hörer (4) der Ultraschall nur noch stark reduziert oder überhaupt nicht mehr erreicht. Hierzu kann ein Mittel in den Schallkegel eingebracht werden, das das Ultraschall-Trägersignal (2) selektiv ausblendet bzw. abschwächt.A particular advantage is the ability to separate the audio signal (3) from the ultrasound carrier signal (2).
If the distance from the ultrasound transmitter (1) to the reflector (5) is long enough to produce the audio signal (3) in the air, then the ultrasound carrier signal (2) is no longer needed. Thus, the (intense) ultrasound carrier signal can be attenuated, so that the listener (4) of the ultrasound only greatly reduced or not reached. For this purpose, a means can be introduced into the cone of sound, which selectively fades out or attenuates the ultrasound carrier signal (2).
In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Reflektor (5) entsprechend so ausgestaltet, dass er selektive Reflexionseigenschaften aufweist: der Ultraschall (2) wird am Reflektor (5) aufgrund seiner hohen Frequenz durch Absorption deutlich in seiner Leistung reduziert, während der niederfrequente Audio-Schall (3) dagegen nahezu ungeschwächt reflektiert wird. Eine solche selektive Dämpfung am Reflektor (5) kann beispielsweise erreicht werden durch eine Ultraschall-absorbierende Beschichtung des Reflektors. Hierfür eignet sich z.B. feinporiges Material. Im einfachsten Fall kann dafür ein dünner Bespannstoff verwendet werden. Die Ultraschall-absorbierende Schicht kann dabei eine kleinere Fläche haben als die gesamte Reflektorfläche, falls der Ultraschall entsprechend eng gebündelt ist und somit nur einen Teil der Reflektorfläche trifft, während der Audio-Schallkegel u.U. etwas ausgedehnter ist.In the preferred embodiment, the reflector (5) is correspondingly designed so that it has selective reflection properties: the ultrasound (2) is significantly reduced in its power at the reflector (5) due to its high frequency by absorption, while the low-frequency audio ( 3), however, is reflected almost unimpaired. Such selective attenuation at the reflector (5) can be achieved for example by an ultrasound-absorbing coating of the reflector. For this purpose, for example, is fine-pored Material. In the simplest case, a thin cover fabric can be used for this. The ultrasound-absorbing layer may have a smaller area than the entire reflector surface, if the ultrasound is bundled correspondingly tight and thus only hits a part of the reflector surface, while the audio sound cone may be somewhat more extensive.
Besonders eignet sich die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung für den Einsatz in Fahrzeugen. Abbildung 4 zeigt schematisch den Einbau des entsprechenden Reflektor-Systems in ein Fahrzeug. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Ultraschallsender (1) in das Armaturenbrett (6) eingebaut. Damit ergeben sich gute Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten bzgl. der notwendigen Einbautiefe, die u.U. auch erforderliche Kühlungsvorrichtungen aufnehmen kann. Das in diesem Beispiel schräg nach oben abgestrahlte Ultraschall-Trägersignal (2) trifft auf den Reflektor (5), der hier im oberen Bereich der Windschutzscheibe (9) angebracht ist, beispielsweise im Übergangsbereich zwischen Windschutzscheibe und Dachhimmel (8) des Fahrzeugs oder als integrierter Teil des Dachhimmels (8). Durch die ultraschallabsorbierende Beschichtung des Reflektors (5) wird das Ultraschallträgersignal stark gedämpft, so dass praktisch nur der hörbare Audio-Schall (3) reflektiert wird. Die Oberflächenkrümmung des Reflektors (5) bewirkt zusätzlich eine Fokussierung des Audio-Schalls (3). Die Hauptrichtung der Reflexion ist so eingestellt, dass die reflektierten Audio-Signale (3) das Ohr des Hörers (4) erreichen. Eine entsprechende Justierung (z.B. zur individuellen Anpassung an die Körpergröße des Hörers oder bei Verstellen der Sitzhöhe) kann über Stellvorrichtungen am Reflektor (5) und/oder durch Veränderung der Abstrahlrichtung am Ultraschallsender (1) - hier im Armaturenbrett - erfolgen.The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in vehicles. Figure 4 shows schematically the installation of the corresponding reflector system in a vehicle. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transmitter (1) is installed in the instrument panel (6). This results in good design options regarding the necessary installation depth, which may also accommodate required cooling devices. The ultrasound carrier signal (2) radiated obliquely upwards in this example impinges on the reflector (5) which is mounted here in the upper region of the windshield (9), for example in the transition region between the windshield and headliner (8) of the vehicle or as an integrated one Part of the headliner (8). Due to the ultrasound-absorbing coating of the reflector (5), the ultrasound carrier signal is strongly attenuated so that practically only the audible audio sound (3) is reflected. The surface curvature of the reflector (5) additionally causes a focusing of the audio sound (3). The main direction of the reflection is set so that the reflected audio signals (3) reach the ear of the listener (4). An appropriate adjustment (eg for individual adjustment to the height of the listener or when adjusting the seat height) can be done via adjusting devices on the reflector (5) and / or by changing the emission direction of the ultrasonic transmitter (1) - here in the dashboard.
Grundsätzlich bietet das erfindungsgemäße Reflektor-System den Vorteil, dass alle Komponenten des Systems, die ein größeres Gewicht und ein entsprechendes Volumen aufweisen, in Bereichen des Fahrraums untergebracht werden können, die größeren Platz bieten. Der Reflektor selbst kann relativ dünn und aus einem leichten Material (z.B. Aluminium, Kunststoff usw.) gefertigt sein. Dies ist auch unter Sicherheitsaspekten ein Vorteil, da alle schwereren Komponenten (Ultraschallsender) durch entsprechende Integration in stabile und auch tiefer liegende Bereiche des Fahrzeugs im Falle eines Unfalls entsprechend abgeschirmt sind (Verringerung der Gefahr von Verletzungen im Kopfbereich).Basically, the reflector system according to the invention has the advantage that all components of the system, which have a greater weight and a corresponding volume, can be accommodated in areas of the cab, which offer more space. The reflector itself may be relatively thin and made of a lightweight material (e.g., aluminum, plastic, etc.). This is also an advantage from a safety point of view since all heavier components (ultrasound transmitters) are adequately shielded in the event of an accident by appropriate integration into stable and deeper areas of the vehicle (reducing the risk of injuries to the head).
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform (nicht dargestellt)kann das Reflektor-System durch eine Sicherheitsvorrichtung derart erweitert werden, dass für den Fall einer Annäherung eines Gegenstands oder einer Person an den Bereich hoher Ultraschallintensität (Ultraschall-Kegel zwischen Ultraschallsender und Reflektor) eine automatische Abschaltung bzw. Abschwächung des Ultraschallsignals erfolgt. Die Erkennung des Eindringens in den Ultraschall-Kegel kann in üblicher Weise durch Näherungsdetektoren nach dem Stand der Technik erfolgen, z.B. durch Infrarot- oder Ultraschalldetektoren.In a further embodiment (not shown), the reflector system can be extended by a safety device such that in the event of an object or a person approaching the region of high ultrasound intensity (ultrasound cone between ultrasound transmitter and reflector) an automatic shutdown or Attenuation of the ultrasonic signal takes place. The detection of penetration into the ultrasonic cone can be done in the usual way by proximity detectors The prior art, for example by infrared or ultrasonic detectors.
Die beschriebene Vorrichtung zur gerichteten Audio-Abstrahlung basierend auf einem modulierten Ultraschall-Trägersignal zeichnet sich aus durch geringen Platzbedarf, hohe Bündelung des Audio-Schalls und Verringerung der Ultraschalleinstrahlung auf den Hörer. Es ist geeignet für den Einsatz in Fahrzeugen, wobei bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung auf den einzelnen Plätzen unterschiedliche Audio-Signale angeboten werden können, ohne dass sich akustische Überlagerungen ergeben.The described device for directional audio radiation based on a modulated ultrasonic carrier signal is characterized by a small footprint, high concentration of audio sound and reducing the ultrasonic radiation to the listener. It is suitable for use in vehicles, whereby with appropriate design on the individual seats different audio signals can be offered without resulting in acoustic overlays.
Claims (13)
- Apparatus for directional sound generation to a listener (4) with acoustically perceptible audio sound (3), with an ultrasound transmitter (1) emitting an amplitude-modulated ultrasound carrier signal (2) as a high intensity beam, comprising a reflector (5) which reflects the audio sound (3) in the direction of the listener (4),
and having a means which is introduced between the ultrasound transmitter (1) and the listener (4) and greatly reduces the intensity of the ultrasound carrier signal (2) before it reaches the listener (4),
characterized
in that the apparatus is introduced into a vehicle in order to generate sound for the occupants of the vehicle,
with the reflector being physically separate from those components of the apparatus which are heavier. - Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reflector is fitted in the upper area of the windscreen (9), in particular in the junction area between the windscreen and the roof of the vehicle.
- Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reflector is an integrated part of the roof.
- Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that those components of the apparatus which are heavier are accommodated in areas of the cab which offer greater space.
- Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that relatively low, stable areas of the vehicle are chosen as areas which offer space.
- Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for reducing the intensity of the ultrasound carrier signal (2) is formed by the reflector (5).
- Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the reflector (5) is curved in such a shape that the audio sound (3) is focused in the direction of the listener (4).
- Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the means reduces the intensity of the ultrasound carrier signal by absorption.
- Apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that the means is fitted as a layer to the reflective surface of the reflector (5).
- Apparatus according to Claim 9, characterized in that the layer is fitted to only a part of the reflective surface of the reflector (5).
- Apparatus according to Claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the means is composed of a fine-pore material, for example cloth.
- Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that control and pivoting apparatuses are provided, by means of which the ultrasound transmitter (1) and/or the reflector (5) can be mechanically moved so that the direction of the audio sound (3) changes.
- Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that detectors are provided which detect that an object or a person has entered the area between the ultrasound transmitter (1) and the reflector (5) and cause the intensity to be reduced, and/or the ultrasound carrier signal (2) to be switched off.
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DE10140646 | 2001-08-18 | ||
DE10140646A DE10140646C2 (en) | 2001-08-18 | 2001-08-18 | Method and device for directional audio irradiation |
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EP1284586A2 EP1284586A2 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
EP1284586A3 EP1284586A3 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
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EP (1) | EP1284586B1 (en) |
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US6793177B2 (en) | 2002-11-04 | 2004-09-21 | The Bonutti 2003 Trust-A | Active drag and thrust modulation system and method |
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US20090156249A1 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | John Ruckart | Devices and computer readable media for use with devices having audio output within a spatially controlled output beam |
KR101544919B1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2015-08-21 | 프라운호퍼 게젤샤프트 쭈르 푀르데룽 데어 안겐반텐 포르슝 에. 베. | Headrest speaker arrangement |
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AU2012289109B2 (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2015-10-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Vehicle with side wall speakers |
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GB2351169B (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2003-11-19 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Audio apparatus |
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2001
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DE10140646C2 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
JP2003163986A (en) | 2003-06-06 |
DE50206061D1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
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