EP1266734B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Fliesen, insbesondere von venezianischen Bodenfliesen und dergleichen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Fliesen, insbesondere von venezianischen Bodenfliesen und dergleichen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1266734B1
EP1266734B1 EP02425375A EP02425375A EP1266734B1 EP 1266734 B1 EP1266734 B1 EP 1266734B1 EP 02425375 A EP02425375 A EP 02425375A EP 02425375 A EP02425375 A EP 02425375A EP 1266734 B1 EP1266734 B1 EP 1266734B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grout
layer
gravel
laying
tiles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02425375A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1266734A3 (de
EP1266734A2 (de
Inventor
Renato Battaglia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VENIX Srl
Original Assignee
VENIX Srl
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VENIX Srl filed Critical VENIX Srl
Publication of EP1266734A2 publication Critical patent/EP1266734A2/de
Publication of EP1266734A3 publication Critical patent/EP1266734A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1266734B1 publication Critical patent/EP1266734B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/081—Vibration-absorbing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
    • B28B11/0845—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads for smoothing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0007—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon for producing articles with exposed aggregate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0075—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects for decorative purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0081—Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the making of tiles and the like, suitable for being employed as surfacing and support plane, which reproduce, in their motifs and techniques employed, so-called Venetian style floors.
  • the invention also relates to a device for forming tiles and to a plant for their fabrication.
  • This kind of floor well known for its aesthetic qualities, consists of the application, directly onto the substrate of the ceiling that receives the floor, of a layer of semi-fluid binding material.
  • grout is a mixture substantially of water, cement, marble dust or the like. The characteristics of the mixture may vary to suit the requirements of the laying operation, in particular in regard to porosity, specific weight, colour and more.
  • the entire layer laid onto the substrate After the entire layer laid onto the substrate has reached a sufficient hardness and compactness following the complete curing of the cement which lasts for at least one month, it can be ground and polished, starting from grinding wheels with large grains and ending with grinding wheels for polishing.
  • the removal of the previously obtained irregular surface allows, on one hand, to obtain a planar surface, free of irregularities, shiny and compacted, with high resistance as a floor against impacts and other types of wear by friction, penetration of liquids and other harmful elements.
  • the polishing allows the gravel layer to emerge completely, enabling the motifs created during the laying stage to be fully visible, with their full aesthetic and also, in many cases, artistic impact.
  • Japanese Patent n. 04 112003 A uses a formwork onto which a first layer concrete is formed, then decorative stones are placed allowing vibration to unify the upper ends thereof to the same height. Finally a second layer of concrete is poured.
  • US Patent n. 3,324,213 describes a method for making decorative tiles using a mix of resins and decorative stones poured on a support and comprising a step of moving a pressing and vibrating element on the surface of said mix, in order to uniform the distribution of the stones.
  • this system allows to produce tiles whose gravel is arranged according to a disorderly matrix, without the ability to obtain designs. Moreover, once the application of the tiles is completed, while minimising the thickness of the gap, the transition between a tile and the other is nonetheless perceivable because of the irregular placement of tiles cut in correspondence with the edge of the tile itself next to each other.
  • the technical problem constituting the basis for the present invention is to provide a method for making tiles that allows to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above with reference to the prior art.
  • the method comprise the additional phase of grinding a surface of said semi-finished tile until obtaining a pre-determined degree of finish.
  • the grinding and polishing phases can also be carried out after the laying on a suitably prepared substrate.
  • a partial grinding of said surface is also possible.
  • a method of laying the tiles obtained as described above provides for laying an additional thin layer of grout on the laid tiles, where the limited thickness of said additional layer enables its rapid drying, followed by a polishing operation that erases any trace of gap between tiles.
  • the placement of the gravel in the method according to the invention can take place with any degree of accuracy: from a mechanical and automated laying to a manual laying which, among other advantages, allows to obtain well defined designs and mosaics.
  • a device for forming tiles and the like for Venetian stile floors comprises:
  • a plant for making Venetian floor tiles and the like according to claim 9 comprises the device as defined above, means for drying semi-finished tiles and means for finishing the rough tile surface.
  • a device 1 for making tiles is partially shown, limited to the detail in which the tile is formed.
  • Said device comprises a vibrating element 2, in particular a planar support element that is set in vibration by vibration generating means 8.
  • the device 1 On the vibrating element 2 the device 1 comprises a tray structure 5 which in turn comprises a planar support 50 delimited by walls 3 that define a pre-determined thickness. Between the vibrating element 2 and the tray structure 5 is interposed a damping layer whose function shall become apparent farther on.
  • the device 1 further comprises dispensing means 6 for releasing a quantity of semi-fluid grout.
  • Said dispensing means 6 are conveniently hopper-like structured and receive the grout from a system for mixing and dispensing components of the grout itself.
  • a first phase of the method according to the present embodiment comprises the phase of laying a first layer of grout 70 determined by the dispensing of a first pre-determined quantity 7 of grout by said dispensing means 6 ( Figure 1).
  • the vibrating element 2 is set in vibration.
  • the vibration generating means 8 are structured in such a way as to comprise a pair of eccentric elements, conventional in nature and thus not shown herein, mounted on mutually parallel shafts that are also parallel to the planar support 50, being connected in rotary fashion, for instance by means of bearings or bushings, to the vibrating element.
  • Said shafts are set in mutually opposite rotations, with the same velocity of rotation, in such a way as to generate a sussultatory vibration that assures that the laying of the grout layer takes place in uniform fashion from the viewpoint of density and thickness.
  • the damping layer 4 serves the purpose of cancelling the effect of any second-order vibration that should be generated together with the required sussultatory vibrations.
  • sussultatory vibration means the vibration that determines a reciprocating motion on a direction that is perpendicular to the vibrating element 2, or to the planar support 50.
  • the thickness of the first grout layer 70 is equal to about half the thickness determined by the walls 3 of the tray structure 5. In the present embodiment the thickness is 6-7 mm ( Figure 2).
  • the method comprises the phase of placing a quantity of gravel 9 on said first layer.
  • Various systems can be employed to place the gravel; the system found to be most accurate is the manual one whereby it is possible to obtain, thanks to the craftsmen's expertise employed therein, a "natural" appearance or, on the contrary, a precise design, guided with appropriate templates.
  • this phase can also be carried out with different laying systems, in particular mechanical systems for dropping a pre-determined quantity of gravel.
  • the method according to the present invention comprises the phases of subjecting said planar support 50 to sussultatory vibrations, using said generating means 8. Thanks to the particular nature of the vibrations and to the density of the grout 7, the gravel is partially buried in the first layer of grout 70 with a substantially uniform distribution 10 ( Figure 4).
  • the tray structure is again subjected to sussultatory vibrations, which determine the laying of the added grout and the uniform distribution of the grout 9 over the whole thickness and over the whole surface of the semi-finished tile 12 ( Figure 6).
  • Said semi-finished tile at this point, to undergo the subsequent work processes, undergoes a phase in which it is dried.
  • the drying operation can occur naturally or in an environment that promotes the dehydration and curing (crystallisation) of the grout, for instance by means of steam baking controlled temperature.
  • the semi-finished tile 12 is contained in the tray structure 5 that will then be eliminated, if it is of the disposable kind, or reused.
  • the separation between tile to be finished and tray structure 5 can be facilitated by lubricating the inner surface of the tray structure 5 before laying the first layer of grout.
  • the finishing of the semi-finished tile 12 can comprise different phases that depend on the type of laying whereto the tiles are destined.
  • the finishing comprise a series of grinding operations, using grinding wheels with progressively finer grain, until obtaining a shiny surface.
  • the purpose of the grinding operation is also to level and regularised the pieces of gravel that emerge from the semi-finished tile surface.
  • the finishing can comprise a first phase of rough grinding with first grinding wheel means 14 acting on a rough tile P set down on a support 13.
  • An irregular surface 15 is obtained, which can be exploited during the laying operation.
  • the rough tile P can be laid normally, obtaining a uniform, but not shiny, surface.
  • a plant 20 is described for manufacturing Venetian floor tiles according to the method described above.
  • Said plant comprises a forming line 22 along which the tray structures 5 are moved, passing through a series of sub-stations some of which are provided with vibration generating means 8.
  • Said line 22 comprises an inlet 21 that receives the empty tray structure 5. It then comprises a first sub-station 35 where the tray structures are lubricated, and a second sub-station 36 for the laying of the first grout layer 70.
  • the plant comprises tanks 25 of fluid material for the composition of the grout in pre-determined proportions.
  • Said tanks 25 feed mixing means 26 where the grout is mixed to feed a manifold 27 which in turn feeds a pair of dispensing lines 23, 24 respectively to lay the first and the second layer of grout 70.
  • the colouring of the grout is determined; said colouring usually remains the same for a batch of tiles. In any case, the utmost flexibility is allowed.
  • Lubrication may take place manually or automatically.
  • the first dispensing line 23 provides grout to said second sub-station 36, which is followed by a third sub-station 37 where vibration generating means 8 are used to lay the first grout layer 70 uniformly.
  • a fourth sub-station 38 the gravel is distributed superficially, preferably in manual fashion by an experienced worker who also positions any templates to guide the laying.
  • vibration generating means 8 contribute to bury the gravel in the grout with a correct procedure, and the worker will immediately be able to check whether the gravel, which is substantially fastened to the grout in this phase, assumes the required disposition.
  • the duration of said application may be controlled tile by tile by the worker, to obtain a uniform quality level also by varying the quantity of gravel, the piece size, the density of the gravel, the complexity of the design etc.
  • the duration of the vibration can be pre-set.
  • the semi-finished tile is provided with said second quantity of grout 11, and in a seventh sub-station 41 the vibration generating means 8 produce a semi-finished tile with the required thickness.
  • the fourth sub-station 38 the one where the craftsman expertise the present method allows to exploit is concentrated, can be subdivided into multiple sub-stations for the laying of different types of gravel. It is in any case understood that the same manufacturing quality can be achieved by a mechanical laying system, active for instance with screens fitted with templates, to obtain designs with the gravel, and conventional systems for transporting the gravel. The same mechanical system can operate with the aforementioned CAD/CAM system, for the large scale production of tiles.
  • the tray structures are conveyed in appropriate conditioning spaces 29 for curing the tiles.
  • said space will comprise a multiplicity of shelves 28 to position the tray structures stacked but allowing the flow of the air and of the steam produced by an appropriate controlled temperature conditioning system.
  • tray structures 5 containing cured tiles From the shelves 28 are extracted the tray structures 5 containing cured tiles, able to be conveyed to a finishing plant, globally indicated with the reference number 42, which comprises an inlet 30 with a device 43 for extracting the semi-finished tile from the respective tray structure 5 which, is destined to be reused, will be cleaned.
  • the finishing plant 42 comprises in succession a first and a second calibration stations 31 and 32, provided with large grain grinding wheels, whereby it is possible to obtain a rough tile already suitable for laying in view of on site finishing.
  • the plant has a third finishing station 34 which, with a series of grinding wheels with fine and very fine grain, produces a shiny surface that makes the tiles suitable to the laying of a finished floor.
  • the formats may be the most diverse and above all they may be adapted to specific requirements.
  • the tray structures described above may be fabricated on site, using sheets of plastic material, able to be hot-moulded with the required format.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Fliesen und dergleichen, die als Fußboden und Auflagefläche genutzt werden können und in den eingesetzten Motiven und Techniken so genannte venezianische Fußböden wiedergeben, wobei das Verfahren die Phasen umfasst:
    Verlegen einer ersten Vergussmörtelschicht (70) auf einer ebenen Bettung (50);
    Aufbringen einer Kiesmenge (9) auf die Oberfläche der ersten Vergussmörtelschicht (70);
    Aussetzen der ebenen Bettung (50) den Rüttelschwingungen, die das teilweise Versenken der Kiesmenge (9) in die erste Vergussmörtelschicht (70) bestimmen;
    Verlegen einer zweiten Mörtelschicht auf der ersten Mörtelschicht (70), indem eine halb fertige Fliese (12) erhalten wird;
    Einrütteln der gesamten halb fertigen Fliese; und
    Trocknen der halb fertigen Fliese (12).
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die erste Mörtelschicht (70) durch Anwendung von Rüttelschwingungen verlegt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die zweite Mörtelschicht durch Anwendung von Rüttelschwingungen verlegt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Auflegen von Kies entsprechend einem Entwurf und mittels einer Schablone durchgeführt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem eine Phase des Schleifens einer Oberfläche der halb fertigen Fliese bis zu einem vorbestimmten Grad der Fertigbearbeitung vorgesehen ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem teilweises Schleifen einer Oberfläche der halb fertigen Fliese vorgesehen ist.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem eine Phase des Aushärtens durch Trocknen mit Dampf bei einer geregelten Temperatur vorgesehen ist.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die ebene Bettung (50) geschmiert wird, bevor die erste Mörtelschicht (70) verlegt wird.
  9. Anlage (20) zum Herstellen von venezianischen Fußbodenfliesen nach dem Verfahren von Anspruch 1, die eine Formstrecke (22) umfasst, an der entlang Schalenanordnungen (5) bewegt werden; mit einem Einlass (21); einer ersten Nebenstation (35), in der die Schalenanordnungen geschmiert werden; einer zweiten Nebenstation (36) zum Verlegen einer ersten Mörtelschicht (70); einer dritten Nebenstation (37) mit einer Schwingungserzeugungseinrichtung (8) zum gleichmäßigen Verlegen der ersten Mörtelschicht (70); einen vierten Nebenstation (39) zum Verteilen von Kies (9) an der Oberfläche; einer fünften Nebenstation (39) mit einer Schwingungserzeugungseinrichtung (8) zum Versenken von Kies in dem Mörtel; einer mit einer zweiten Mörtelmenge (11) gespeisten, sechsten Nebenstation (40); und einer siebenten Nebenstation (41) mit einer Schwingungserzeugungseinrichtung.
  10. Anlage (20) nach Anspruch 9, bei der die vierte Nebenstation (38) in mehrere Nebenstationen zum Auflegen von unterschiedlichen Kiestypen unterteilt ist.
  11. Anlage nach Anspruch 9, die Lagerungsräume (29) zum Härten der Fliesen mit einer Vielzahl von Regalen (28) umfasst, um die Schalenanordnungen (5) gestapelt anzubringen, die jedoch das Durchströmen der Luft und des durch ein geeignet geregeltes Klimatisierungssystem erzeugten Dampfes ermöglichen.
  12. Anlage (20) nach Anspruch 9, die eine Transportstrecke aufweist, um die halb fertigen Fliesen durch eine Vielzahl von Fertigbearbeitungsstationen zu bewegen.
EP02425375A 2001-06-11 2002-06-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Fliesen, insbesondere von venezianischen Bodenfliesen und dergleichen Expired - Lifetime EP1266734B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM20010330 2001-06-11
IT2001RM000330A ITRM20010330A1 (it) 2001-06-11 2001-06-11 Metodo per la fabbricazione di mattonelle, in particolare per pavimenti detti alla veneziana e simili.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1266734A2 EP1266734A2 (de) 2002-12-18
EP1266734A3 EP1266734A3 (de) 2003-11-12
EP1266734B1 true EP1266734B1 (de) 2006-06-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02425375A Expired - Lifetime EP1266734B1 (de) 2001-06-11 2002-06-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Fliesen, insbesondere von venezianischen Bodenfliesen und dergleichen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1266734B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE331595T1 (de)
CY (1) CY1105377T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60212763T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2269646T3 (de)
IT (1) ITRM20010330A1 (de)
PT (1) PT1266734E (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPN20030074A1 (it) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-18 Zanette Prefabbricati Srl Procedimento per generare una particolare conformazione
FR2885834B1 (fr) * 2005-05-19 2008-10-24 Quadra 1 Soc Par Actions Simpl Dispositif d'usinage d'elements de construction
KR101581962B1 (ko) 2009-01-21 2015-12-31 (주)엘지하우시스 인조석의 제조방법 및 제조장치
FR2942160A1 (fr) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-20 Michel Laureys Procede de fabrication de dalles avec des galets apparents et surface de marche ou de roulement recouverte d'une telle dalle
BE1018975A5 (nl) * 2009-10-22 2011-12-06 Soenen Bvba Werkwijze voor het vormen van vloertegels.
JP5443611B2 (ja) * 2010-01-21 2014-03-19 エルジー・ハウシス・リミテッド 人造石の製造方法及び製造装置
GB201209133D0 (en) * 2012-05-24 2012-07-04 Crawley Donald D Method of manufacturing a surface apparatus
ITTV20130217A1 (it) 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 Dario Toncelli Metodo per la produzione di lastre di materiale lapideo agglomerato a legante cementizio aventi una composizione a mosaico e le lastre così ottenute.

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1254353B (de) * 1959-10-16 1967-11-16 Interbygg Shwan & Co Herstellen von Bauplatten durch Aushaerten von Polyester-Formmassen
GB971619A (en) * 1960-07-08 1964-09-30 B G Fabricates Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods of making imitation stone slabs
IT1121592B (it) * 1979-06-21 1986-04-02 Montedison Spa Procedimento e dispositivo per la fabbricazione di lastre di cemento rinforzante
JP2888342B2 (ja) * 1987-10-19 1999-05-10 富士特殊コンクリート工業株式会社 天然石コンクリートブロックの製造方法
JPH04112003A (ja) * 1990-09-03 1992-04-14 Yamatomi Sangyo Kk 構築用ブロックの製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRM20010330A0 (it) 2001-06-11
CY1105377T1 (el) 2010-04-28
EP1266734A3 (de) 2003-11-12
DE60212763D1 (de) 2006-08-10
PT1266734E (pt) 2006-12-29
ITRM20010330A1 (it) 2002-12-11
DE60212763T2 (de) 2007-07-05
EP1266734A2 (de) 2002-12-18
ATE331595T1 (de) 2006-07-15
ES2269646T3 (es) 2007-04-01

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