EP1261830B1 - Procede pour identifier des defauts dans un systeme de refrigeration - Google Patents

Procede pour identifier des defauts dans un systeme de refrigeration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1261830B1
EP1261830B1 EP01911457A EP01911457A EP1261830B1 EP 1261830 B1 EP1261830 B1 EP 1261830B1 EP 01911457 A EP01911457 A EP 01911457A EP 01911457 A EP01911457 A EP 01911457A EP 1261830 B1 EP1261830 B1 EP 1261830B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigeration
load
cooling
location
predetermined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01911457A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1261830A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Bendtsen
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Danfoss AS
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Danfoss AS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/22—Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for discovering Faults in a cooling system with several cooling points, in which the according to a predetermined scheme most heavily loaded refrigeration point is determined.
  • the invention is based on the example of a cooling system described in a supermarket where the Cold stores are formed by individual sales counters. Chilled or frozen goods so ready that a customer can look at them and take them out of the cupboards.
  • the However, invention is not on supermarkets or the like limited, but can basically be anywhere there be used where a cooling system has multiple cooling points has operated with different loads can be. Under the term "cooling system" should fall all systems that are used for refrigeration serve, also those that you would otherwise call Freezers would designate.
  • JP-A-10 238920 describes an apparatus for discovery of errors and to predict the emergence of Errors in a refrigeration system with multiple refrigerators.
  • the method using the device assumes that an error has occurred when in a predetermined period of time in a temperature Refrigerators are not under certain predetermined temperatures can be held and if in the same period the furniture has a predetermined load value exceeds.
  • a database with load data of the individual refrigeration units of the refrigeration system at different Environmental pollution used. These data are with current exposure data under the same environmental exposure compared. If the current load data of a refrigerator over a period of deteriorated for several days over a predetermined amount then an error is predicted.
  • the environmental pollution is calculated using Temperature and humidity measurements in the building where the refrigerators are located.
  • a method of the type mentioned is from US 4,084,388.
  • the compressor arrangement should on the one hand provide so much cooling capacity that the most keep the desired temperature at the refrigerated section under load can. On the other hand, it should also no longer perform provide. In the known case, this is done by that the suction pressure of the compressor assembly is regulated becomes. This results in significant energy savings possible.
  • the invention has for its object a possible Display errors as early as possible.
  • This task is carried out in a method of the type mentioned at the beginning Kind of solved by having a stress pattern of the cooling points and if there are any deviations from the Load pattern of at least one predetermined Parameter generates a warning.
  • the "continuous" determination of the on most heavily loaded cooling point does not necessarily mean that this determination takes place continuously over time. It Rather, the determination in smaller temporal is sufficient Perform intervals, the time intervals adapted to the thermal time constant of the cooling system should be.
  • an error is not due to elements the cooling system itself, but by human misconduct.
  • the door left on a refrigerated display case or in a cold room Another example using a temperature warning system cannot be recorded immediately, is the false stacking of goods, where goods are in one Refrigerated display case are stacked too high, so that the cold layer not be maintained in the showcase can.
  • the showcase is therefore uneconomical, because surrounding warm air flows into the refrigerated display case and must be cooled.
  • the refrigerated display case must therefore provide more cooling capacity to the desired temperature to keep.
  • the load criterion is preferably used a temperature-dependent variable at the cooling point.
  • a temperature dependent size can be done with relatively simple Determine measures, namely with a temperature sensor, which is almost always already there. There are therefore no interference in the refrigerant circuit necessary.
  • T V is the temperature at the cold store, for example in the refrigerated display case
  • T CutOut a temperature at which the cold store is switched off
  • T CutIn the temperature at which the cold store is switched on.
  • ⁇ T REL expresses the deviation from the temperature T CutOut to the current cooling point, weighted in relation to the distance between the temperatures T CutIn and T CutOut .
  • This filter eliminates sudden changes in the load expression.
  • the times are preferably added up for each cooling point, in which the cooling point in question as the most polluted refrigeration point is considered. This simplifies the evaluation and creation of a load pattern. It is only checked how long a cold store as the most heavily used cold store can be seen. Only these times are then for the Evaluation used.
  • An immediate warning is preferably generated, if a refrigeration point has more than a predetermined one contiguous period the most stressed Cold spot is. This can indicate a mistake which should be checked as soon as possible.
  • the predetermined continuous period of time can for example be on the order of an hour. On Such errors result, for example, when the door of a cold room or a refrigerated display case open has been left or goods in the refrigerated display case have been piled high. Such a mistake not immediately noticeable. But it has the consequence that the corresponding cooling point over a relative long term as the most heavily used refrigeration point must be viewed. In this case, a Warning issued to the operator of the cooling system has the possibility of an intervention.
  • a long-term warning can be given generated when a refrigeration point over more than a predetermined portion of a predetermined period is the most polluted refrigeration point.
  • a predetermined Period for example during opening hours a supermarket of 12 hours, that each cold spot has a certain percentage the times when it was the most stressful Cold spot is. Due to different positions or different loads of course, the proportions of the individual cooling points somewhat move. This statistical division can be broken down into in most cases arithmetically or by trying it out determine. If this division is something changes without external influences such as regrouping of the display cases or the like, can be seen, then this indicates a developing error, which must be examined and, if necessary, eliminated.
  • the stress pattern remains unchanged over time. smaller Fluctuations are of course possible at any time without these must immediately indicate an error. If however, if there are major deviations, then interpret this indicates an error that must be warned of. You can do this for consecutive periods, for example, successive sales days a supermarket, compare them. One can but also compare other periods with each other, for example all assembly, Tuesdays, etc. For larger ones However, there are differences in time intervals the stress patterns more noticeable. You have to choose the intervals so that a warning is generated early enough, but differences are clear become recognizable when they occur.
  • cooling system 1 shows a cooling system 1 with a cooling circuit, the three connected in parallel in the present case Has cooling points 2, 3, 4.
  • the evaporators are connected to a compressor system 8, which in turn is connected to a capacitor 9 are, which has a plurality of fans 10 to heat dissipate.
  • the capacitor 9 is connected to a collector 11 connected.
  • the compressor system 8 and the condenser are controlled by a control unit 13, for example with the help of a pressure sensor 12 the condenser pressure regulates.
  • the entire cooling system is operated by a central control unit 14 controlled and / or monitored.
  • a coolant in the gas phase is in compresses the compressors 8. His temperature rises on.
  • the heated, compressed gas is through the Condenser 9 passed. There with the help of the fans 10 dissipated heat so that the gas liquefies.
  • the liquid coolant is in the collector 11 collected, which acts as a coolant buffer. From the Collector 11 passes the coolant through the expansion valves 5a, 5b, 5c in the evaporators 6a, 6b, 6c, where it evaporates from the environment with heat absorption, in turn as a gaseous coolant to the compressors reach.
  • Each cooling point 2, 3, 4 is now assigned by the Evaporator control unit 7a, 7b, 7c controlled.
  • each Control unit 7 controls the expansion valve in dependence from the temperature with a temperature sensor 15 is determined in the following manner based on 2 is to be explained.
  • the temperature sensor 15 determines a temperature T V , for example the temperature in a refrigerated display case. Two temperatures T CutIn and T CutOut are specified . As long as T V is less than T CutIn , there is no cooling (t ⁇ t 2 in FIG. 2), ie no coolant is passed into the evaporator 6. If T V exceeds the temperature T CutIn , the cooling of the cooling point begins (t 2 ⁇ t ⁇ t 3 ) and coolant is introduced into the evaporator 6. Cooling continues until T V falls below T CutOut again. At this moment (t 3 ) the expansion valve 5 will close and only open when T V again exceeds the temperature T CutIn .
  • the evaporator is in the T CutIn state when it cools and in the T CutOut state when there is no cooling.
  • Defrosting can be done in different ways, for example by electrical heating of those surrounding the evaporator 6 Air, or by hot refrigerant, which is not shown in more detail, but is known per se.
  • the hoarfrost which sits on and around the evaporator will melt in the process. This state of Evaporator during defrosting is called defrosting.
  • the cooling point is in a closed state, for example when it is turned off, or it can be loaded with sensor errors, which the Evaporator control unit 7 can determine each.
  • the compressor control unit 13 regulates on the basis of the Suction pressure, which is determined by the sensor 12, the capacity of the compressor system.
  • the compressor capacity the system is increased or decreased, depending from that for maintaining the desired suction pressure required capacity.
  • the compressor control unit 13 also controls the fans 10, i.e. the ventilation system, thus the desired pressure in the condenser is maintained. This pressure can be caused by a Increase or decrease in airflow over the capacitor can be reached to a sufficient level To achieve heat emission to the environment.
  • the central control unit 14 identifies the am most heavily loaded refrigeration point based on that determined by the respective evaporator control unit 7 Load, which is explained below and warns an operator after also specified below Principles.
  • a cooling system can also be in the same state work more or less states, for example with suction pressure control or modulating thermostat control, where the degree of filling of the evaporator 6 is regulated to a predetermined temperature, on systems on which the evaporator, the compressor systems and condenser ventilation from a central one Control unit can be controlled, or on other types of cooling systems, for example brine systems or Forced circulation systems.
  • the basis of the warning generation is the load on each individual cooling point.
  • the determination of the load takes place in the control unit 7 of each individual cooling point 2, 3, 4 and the difference between the desired temperature and the current temperature at the cooling point, ie T V , is used as the starting point.
  • T V the difference between the desired temperature and the current temperature at the cooling point
  • the design of the cooling system often decides how the load must be determined. However, it is not critical for the present invention how the current load is actually determined.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically how the load is determined at each individual cooling point 2-4.
  • the cooling point is defrosting, i.e. is in the defrosting state. If the cooling point is currently in the defrosting state, go back to the beginning of the diagram. If the cooling point is not in the defrosting process, check whether it is in the T CutIn state, i.e. is currently cooling. If this is not the case, the load is set to zero. This also applies if, for another reason, it cannot be positively determined that the cooling point is in the T CutIn state.
  • the load is determined according to the following scheme.
  • this expression could already be used as a value for the load.
  • the calculation of the load expression is provided with a simple filter which avoids such sudden changes.
  • L Old is the load on refrigeration point 2-4, as it resulted from the previous run. Then the current load L New is saved.
  • Fig. 3 The scheme shown in Fig. 3 is predetermined go through small intervals. It's not necessary, that one run connects seamlessly to the other. This scheme is local to every evaporator control unit 7 settled. At the start of this flow chart is still the temperature and the control state registered. This step can also be done elsewhere this flowchart.
  • the central control unit 14 searches again for the most heavily loaded cooling point. Here, it simply compares the load information provided by the evaporator control units 7.
  • a loading time t MLC is calculated from the previously stored time and the now determined time. This loading time t MLC is then checked to determine whether it exceeds a predetermined maximum value t LIMIT . Such a maximum value t LIMIT is typically one hour. If this value has been exceeded, a warning is issued. Such a warning may indicate, for example, that the door to a cold store or showcase has been left open or that goods in a showcase are stacked too high.
  • the stored data are processed statistically, i.e. the duration is saved for the individual cooling point their exposure time. But this always only applies for the most heavily used refrigeration point.
  • This warning informs the operator of the cooling system that there may be a problem. In most cases, he can solve this problem through a Maintenance or through a change in the cooling point itself, for example closing a door or the Modify a stack of goods, help.
  • Other typical Errors such as a damaged fan, a damaged defrost heating element, a loss of Coolant filling are also detectable.
  • Errors are characterized by the fact that a cooling point or a group of cooling points the desired temperature can only keep up with problems and therefore more often than the others as the most heavily used refrigeration point is identified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour identifier des défauts dans une installation de réfrigération avec plusieurs emplacements de réfrigération, pour laquelle l'emplacement de réfrigération le plus fortement sollicité est déterminé en continu selon un modèle de sollicitation prédéfini, caractérisé en ce qu'un modèle de sollicitation des emplacements de réfrigération est établi, et en ce qu'une alerte est générée en cas de divergence du modèle de sollicitation d'au moins un paramètre prédéterminé.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la sollicitation est localement déterminée de manière continue à chaque emplacement de réfrigération.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la sollicitation est filtrée temporellement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une grandeur dépendant de la température à l'emplacement de réfrigération est utilisée en tant que critère de sollicitation.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ΔTREL = TV - TCutOut TCutIn - TCutOut est utilisée en tant que grandeur dépendant de la température
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'après la détermination de l'emplacement de réfrigération le plus fortement sollicité, celui-ci est considéré dès lors comme étant l'emplacement de réfrigération le plus fortement sollicité jusqu'à ce que son état change ou qu'une durée prédéterminée est dépassée, et en ce que seulement alors l'emplacement le plus fortement sollicité est à nouveau déterminé.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que pour chaque emplacement de réfrigération, les durées pendant lesquelles les emplacements de réfrigération correspondants sont considérés comme étant les plus fortement sollicités, sont additionnées.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une alerte immédiate est générée lorsqu'un emplacement de réfrigération est l'emplacement de réfrigération le plus fortement sollicité pendant plus d'une période ininterrompue.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une alerte de longue durée est générée lorsqu'un emplacement de réfrigération est l'emplacement de réfrigération le plus fortement sollicité pendant plus d'une fraction de temps d'une période prédéterminée.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'on génère une alerte lorsque le modèle de sollicitation d'une période se différencie de manière excédant une marge de tolérance d'un modèle de sollicitation d'une période antérieure prédéterminée.
EP01911457A 2000-03-09 2001-03-03 Procede pour identifier des defauts dans un systeme de refrigeration Expired - Lifetime EP1261830B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10011110 2000-03-09
DE10011110A DE10011110B4 (de) 2000-03-09 2000-03-09 Verfahren zum Entdecken von Fehlern in einer Kühlanlage
PCT/DK2001/000143 WO2001067014A1 (fr) 2000-03-09 2001-03-03 Procede pour identifier des defauts dans un systeme de refrigeration

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1261830A1 EP1261830A1 (fr) 2002-12-04
EP1261830B1 true EP1261830B1 (fr) 2004-11-10

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EP01911457A Expired - Lifetime EP1261830B1 (fr) 2000-03-09 2001-03-03 Procede pour identifier des defauts dans un systeme de refrigeration

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EP (1) EP1261830B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001240472A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10011110B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001067014A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11162727B2 (en) 2017-05-01 2021-11-02 Danfoss A/S Method for controlling suction pressure based on a most loaded cooling entity

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7207184B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2007-04-24 Danfoss A/S Method for regulating a most loaded circuit in a multi-circuit refrigeration system

Family Cites Families (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084388A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-04-18 Honeywell Inc. Refrigeration control system for optimum demand operation
JPS5843668B2 (ja) * 1978-07-14 1983-09-28 株式会社日立製作所 冷凍機の運転方法
DE3926191A1 (de) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-14 Linde Ag Verfahren zum betreiben einer kaelteanlage
GB9008788D0 (en) * 1990-04-19 1990-06-13 Whitbread & Co Plc Diagnostic equipment
GB9211531D0 (en) * 1992-06-01 1992-07-15 Northampton Refrigeration Comp Control of refrigeration
JPH06221740A (ja) * 1993-01-29 1994-08-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 冷凍冷蔵設備の管理システム
US6047557A (en) * 1995-06-07 2000-04-11 Copeland Corporation Adaptive control for a refrigeration system using pulse width modulated duty cycle scroll compressor
JP3604855B2 (ja) * 1997-02-24 2004-12-22 三洋電機株式会社 機器の運転状態管理装置
JP3604860B2 (ja) * 1997-03-24 2004-12-22 三洋電機株式会社 機器の運転状態管理装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11162727B2 (en) 2017-05-01 2021-11-02 Danfoss A/S Method for controlling suction pressure based on a most loaded cooling entity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001240472A1 (en) 2001-09-17
WO2001067014A1 (fr) 2001-09-13
DE50104480D1 (de) 2004-12-16
EP1261830A1 (fr) 2002-12-04
DE10011110B4 (de) 2004-08-26
DE10011110A1 (de) 2001-10-04

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