EP0412474B1 - Installation frigorifique et procédé de fonctionnement d'une telle installation - Google Patents
Installation frigorifique et procédé de fonctionnement d'une telle installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0412474B1 EP0412474B1 EP90115029A EP90115029A EP0412474B1 EP 0412474 B1 EP0412474 B1 EP 0412474B1 EP 90115029 A EP90115029 A EP 90115029A EP 90115029 A EP90115029 A EP 90115029A EP 0412474 B1 EP0412474 B1 EP 0412474B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cold
- consumers
- consumer
- refrigeration
- instantaneous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
- F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/22—Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration system in which a refrigerant compresses, liquefies, is supplied to various refrigeration consumers, is expanded and evaporated there and is then returned to compression, with the temperature in the room to be cooled being controlled by a manipulated variable for each refrigeration consumer is regulated, the instantaneous value of this manipulated variable serves as a measure of the refrigeration requirement of the respective refrigeration consumer and the performance of the refrigeration system is set as a function of a weighted average of the instantaneous refrigeration requirement values of the connected refrigeration consumers.
- an apparatus for performing this method is the subject of the invention.
- Such refrigeration systems are used wherever several devices have to be supplied with cold at different points and / or at different temperatures.
- the refrigeration system supplies every refrigeration consumer with pressurized, liquefied refrigerant. This is released by the respective cooling consumers and evaporated in indirect heat exchange with cooling air, which is then introduced into the room to be cooled. The evaporated and low-pressure refrigerant is returned to the refrigeration system.
- the cooling output currently output at the evaporator is controlled by an individual regulation of the temperature in the room to be cooled by each cooling consumer.
- a method for such a regulation is, for example, the subject of a patent application filed simultaneously with the present application (published as EP-A-0412473).
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method of the type mentioned at the outset which works particularly economically by keeping the energy consumed by the refrigeration system as low as possible.
- This object is achieved in that the volume throughput of the refrigerant expanded and evaporated at the respective refrigeration consumer is used as a measure of the refrigeration requirement of the respective refrigeration consumer.
- the control circuits of the individual refrigeration consumers control the throughput of refrigerant through the evaporator as a manipulated variable, depending on a control variable, generally the instantaneous temperature in the room to be cooled respective cooling consumer (interior temperature).
- This manipulated variable is a very direct measure of the cooling consumer's current cooling requirements.
- the control loops of the individual refrigeration consumers are now coupled with those of the composite refrigeration system and the instantaneous refrigeration demand values of the individual refrigeration consumers are forwarded to the composite control system.
- the entirety of the refrigeration requirement values then represents a very realistic and also practically manageable control variable for controlling the performance of the refrigeration system.
- the performance of the refrigeration system is preferably set essentially proportional to the arithmetic mean of the determined refrigeration demand values of all refrigeration consumers connected to the refrigeration system. When averaging, the values of the individual cooling consumers can be weighted if necessary.
- An apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises means for compressing and liquefying refrigerant, a composite liquid line for guiding liquefied refrigerant to various refrigeration consumers, means for the expansion and evaporation of refrigerant assigned to the individual refrigeration consumers, a composite suction line via which the evaporated refrigerant returns to Compression is fed back, one microprocessor-controlled refrigeration consumer controller per refrigeration consumer, by means of which the temperature in the room to be cooled is regulated by controlling a manipulated variable and which is connected to a temperature measurement input and a control output and also to a data line via which the current value of this manipulated variable can be output, and a microprocessor-controlled compound controller, which is also connected to the data line and also has control outputs which to the Lead aggregates of the refrigeration system, the compound controller being designed so that the performance of the aggregates is set as a function of a weighted average of the instantaneous values of the manipulated variables of the connected refrigeration consumers, and is characterized in that the refrigeration consumer controllers
- the refrigeration system has a plurality of compressors 2 connected in parallel, which draw in refrigerant from a composite suction line 1.
- the number of compressors is generally 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 8.
- the compressed refrigerant is led to a condenser 3, in which it is condensed in indirect heat exchange with air.
- the condenser is generally outdoors. Its outer surfaces are supplied with outside air by condenser fans 4.
- the largely liquefied refrigerant is introduced into a collector 5, from which only the liquid portion reaches the composite liquid line 6, which leads the liquid and pressurized refrigerant to the refrigeration consumers 7a, 7b, 7c.
- the compressors 2 and condenser fans 4 represent the units of the refrigeration system.
- the number of connected cooling consumers 7a, 7b, 7c is in principle unlimited; the maximum cooling capacity of the composite system must of course be designed accordingly.
- Liquid refrigerant is supplied to each refrigeration consumer 7a, 7b, 7c separately via individual liquid lines 8a, 8b, 8c. There it is expanded in each case by an expansion valve 9, introduced into an evaporator 10 and evaporated there against cooling air conducted over the outer surfaces of the evaporator 10.
- the cooling air duct within the cooling consumers 7a, 7b, 7c is not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of simplicity.
- Relaxed and evaporated refrigerant is introduced into the compound suction line 1 via the individual suction lines 11a, 11b, 11c and is thus returned to the refrigerant circuit.
- the throughput of refrigerant through the evaporator 10 or the pressure difference when relaxing 9 is generally set.
- the throughput of refrigerant is controlled. Basically, one valve per cooling consumer 7a, 7b, 7c is sufficient.
- a solenoid valve 12 or 13 is provided for each liquid line 8a, 8b, 8c and for each suction line 11a, 11b, 11c.
- the valves are set by an individual microprocessor-controlled refrigeration consumer controller 14a, 14b, 14c depending on the respective interior temperature (temperature sensor 15) (see above-mentioned patent application EP-A-0412473).
- a likewise microprocessor-controlled compound controller 17 controls the compressors 2 and, in the present example, one of the two condenser fans 4.
- the refrigeration consumer controllers 14a, 14b, 14c of the individual refrigeration consumers 7a, 7b, 7c are connected via a data line 16, here a common data and address bus connected to the compound controller 17.
- the compound controller 17 has further inputs and outputs 18, 19.
- Line 18 represents a safety chain which is interrupted in the event of failure of an assembly, for example one of the compressors 2. A warning can optionally be given to the operating personnel via line 19.
- both the compound controller 17 and the refrigeration consumer controller 14a, 14b, 14c can be connected via further data lines to a central monitoring device, for example a computer, which performs additional tasks such as controlling lighting or heating.
- step 1.1 After switching on or resetting (reset) the device (step 1.1), the configuration is first checked in step 1.2 (for example, type and structure of the combined system and the connected cooling consumers, etc.) and the corresponding default setting of the control device.
- step 1.2 for example, type and structure of the combined system and the connected cooling consumers, etc.
- step 1.2 internal processes of the microprocessor are started, for example the time measurement and the initialization of the input / output channels.
- step 1.3 certain parameters are preset. This applies above all to the initially assumed cooling demand values, for which no current data are available yet.
- the program then enters an endless loop from which only switching off or resetting the device results.
- the device also communicates the request for output via the keyboard.
- step 2.5 the data are called up by the refrigeration consumer controllers, especially the current values of the refrigeration demand.
- other signals can be exchanged between the compound controller and the refrigeration consumer controller, for example warning messages in the event of faults, overloading or insufficient supply.
- the data is buffered in the working memory of the network controller.
- step 2.6 an average is calculated from the current cooling demand values of the individual cooling consumers, which may be weighted with parameters that depend on the size and importance of individual cooling consumers.
- the performance of the composite system is now set according to this mean value, i.e. exactly according to the current requirements of the refrigeration consumers. This is done by outputting control signals to relays that switch the compressors or the motors of the condenser fans (2.7). Speed controls can also be provided to refine the setting of the power.
- the control of the compressors is preferably carried out as part of a base load switchover, as described, for example, in DE-A-35 43 707.
- step 2.8 before returning to the start of the loop, additional services are processed, for example the determination of the warning state (possibly issuing a warning to the operating personnel, for example in the event of a unit failure) or the monitoring of the start of frost on the condenser and the corresponding defrosting processes.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Claims (4)
- Procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation frigorifique dans lequel un fluide frigorifique est comprimé (2), condensé (3), amené à différents postes utilisateurs de froid (7a, 7b, 7c), où il est détendu (9) et vaporisé (10a, 10b, 10c), puis est de nouveau ramené (11a, 11b, 11c; 1) à la compression (2), la température dans l'enceinte à refroidir, dans chaque poste utilisateur de froid (7a, 7b, 7c) étant réglée au moyen d'une commande d'une variable réglante, la valeur instantanée de cette variable réglante servant de mesure pour le besoin de froid de chaque poste utilisateur ou consommateur de froid (7a, 7b, 7c) et la puissance de l'installation frigorifique étant réglée en fonction d'une valeur moyenne pondérée des valeurs instantanées des besoins de froid des postes utilisateurs de froid (7a, 7b, 7c) raccordés, caractérisé en ce que le débit volumique du fluide frigorifique détendu dans chaque poste utilisateur de froid (7a, 7b, 7c) et vaporisé est utilisé comme mesure pour le besoin de froid de chaque poste utilisateur de froid (7a, 7b, 7c).
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la valeur moyenne des valeurs des consommations de froid instantanées est pondérée avec des paramètres qui dépendent de la taille et de l'importance des postes utilisateurs de froid particuliers.
- Installation frigorifique pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, avec des moyens de compression (2) et des moyens de condensation (3) de fluide frigorifique, avec une conduite collective de liquide (6), pour amener le fluide frigorifique condensé aux différents postes utilisateurs de froid (7a, 7b, 7c), avec les moyens associés aux différents postes utilisateurs de froid en vue d'effectuer la détente (9) et la vaporisation (10a, 10b, 10c) de fluide frigorifique, avec une conduite collective d'aspiration (1), par l'intermédiaire de laquelle le fluide frigorifique vaporisé est de nouveau renvoyé au poste de compression (2), avec, à chaque fois, un régulateur de chaque poste utilisateur de froid (14a, 14b, 14c) commandé par microprocesseur, pour chaque poste utilisateur de froid (7a, 7b, 7c), au moyen duquel la température dans l'enceinte à refroidir est réglée par commande d'une variable réglante et le régulateur (14a, 14b, 14c) étant chaque fois relié à une entrée de mesure de température (20) et à une sortie de commande (21) et en outre à une ligne de données (16), par l'intermédiaire de laquelle la valeur instantanée de cette variable réglante peut être donnée en sortie, et avec un régulateur (17) de l'ensemble commandé par microrocesseur, qui est relié également à la ligne de données (16) et qui présente en outre des sorties de commande (22, 23), menant aux groupes (compresseur 2, ventilateurs de condenseur 4) de l'installation frigorifique, le régulateur (17) de l'ensemble étant configuré de manière que la puissance des groupes (2, 4) soit réglée en fonction d'une valeur moyenne pondérée des valeurs instantanées des variables réglantes des postes utilisateurs de froid (7a, 7b, 7c) raccordés, caractérisée en ce que les régulateurs (14a, 14b, 14c) des postes utilisateurs de froid règlent le débit volumique du fluide frigorifique détendu et vaporisé à chaque poste utilisateur de froid (7a, 7b, 7c).
- Installation frigorifique selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le régulateur (17) de l'ensemble est conçu de manière que la valeur moyenne des valeurs instantanés des variables réglantes soit pondérée avec des paramètres qui dépendent de la taille et de l'importance des postes utilisateurs de froid individuels.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3926191 | 1989-08-08 | ||
DE3926191A DE3926191A1 (de) | 1989-08-08 | 1989-08-08 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer kaelteanlage |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0412474A2 EP0412474A2 (fr) | 1991-02-13 |
EP0412474A3 EP0412474A3 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
EP0412474B1 true EP0412474B1 (fr) | 1994-01-19 |
Family
ID=6386729
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90115029A Expired - Lifetime EP0412474B1 (fr) | 1989-08-08 | 1990-08-04 | Installation frigorifique et procédé de fonctionnement d'une telle installation |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0412474B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3926191A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5369597A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1994-11-29 | Bujak, Jr.; Walter E. | System for controlling heating or cooling capacity in heating or air conditioning systems |
FR2783309B1 (fr) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-10-13 | Mc International | Procede de regulation du taux de compression d'un fluide frigorigene par augmentation de la pression d'evaporation et installation frigorifique |
DE10011110B4 (de) * | 2000-03-09 | 2004-08-26 | Danfoss A/S | Verfahren zum Entdecken von Fehlern in einer Kühlanlage |
US7127901B2 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2006-10-31 | Brooks Automation, Inc. | Helium management control system |
DE60232588D1 (de) * | 2002-09-13 | 2009-07-23 | Whirlpool Co | Verfahren zum Steuern eines Kühlschrankes mit mehreren Kühlfächern und ein solches Verfahren verwendender Kühlschrank |
US7231773B2 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2007-06-19 | York International Corporation | Startup control system and method for a multiple compressor chiller system |
US7207183B2 (en) | 2004-04-12 | 2007-04-24 | York International Corp. | System and method for capacity control in a multiple compressor chiller system |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2274336A (en) * | 1936-04-18 | 1942-02-24 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Control system for refrigerating apparatus |
US3948060A (en) * | 1972-05-24 | 1976-04-06 | Andre Jean Gaspard | Air conditioning system particularly for producing refrigerated air |
US4084388A (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1978-04-18 | Honeywell Inc. | Refrigeration control system for optimum demand operation |
JPS56119474A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1981-09-19 | Nippon Denso Co | Device for responding to refrigerang amount for refrigerant circulating apparatus |
US4384462A (en) * | 1980-11-20 | 1983-05-24 | Friedrich Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Co. | Multiple compressor refrigeration system and controller thereof |
US4487028A (en) * | 1983-09-22 | 1984-12-11 | The Trane Company | Control for a variable capacity temperature conditioning system |
-
1989
- 1989-08-08 DE DE3926191A patent/DE3926191A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-08-04 DE DE90115029T patent/DE59004297D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-04 EP EP90115029A patent/EP0412474B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0412474A2 (fr) | 1991-02-13 |
EP0412474A3 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
DE59004297D1 (de) | 1994-03-03 |
DE3926191A1 (de) | 1991-02-14 |
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