EP1260703A2 - Brennstoffeinspritzventil - Google Patents
Brennstoffeinspritzventil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1260703A2 EP1260703A2 EP02010912A EP02010912A EP1260703A2 EP 1260703 A2 EP1260703 A2 EP 1260703A2 EP 02010912 A EP02010912 A EP 02010912A EP 02010912 A EP02010912 A EP 02010912A EP 1260703 A2 EP1260703 A2 EP 1260703A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel injection
- injection valve
- flow channels
- elevations
- valve according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/20—Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights or permanent magnets; Damping of valve lift
- F02M61/205—Means specially adapted for varying the spring tension or assisting the spring force to close the injection-valve, e.g. with damping of valve lift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
- F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
- F02M61/1833—Discharge orifices having changing cross sections, e.g. being divergent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/188—Spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/165—Filtering elements specially adapted in fuel inlets to injector
Definitions
- the invention is based on a fuel injector according to the genus of the main claim.
- DE 198 04 463 A1 describes a fuel injection system for a mixture-compressing, spark-ignited Internal combustion engine known which one Fuel injector includes, the fuel into a combustion chamber formed by a piston / cylinder construction injected, and with a protruding into the combustion chamber Spark plug is provided.
- the fuel injector is with at least one row on the scope of the Distributed fuel injector Provide injection holes. Through a targeted injection of fuel through the injection holes becomes one beam-guided combustion process by forming a Mixture cloud realized with at least one beam.
- a disadvantage of the from the above publication known fuel injector is in particular the deficient atomization of the through the spray openings in injected the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine Fuel, mainly due to the cylindrical shape the flow channels is adversely affected. This is especially at low fuel pressure, so for example when starting the internal combustion engine from Disadvantage what u. a. in poor exhaust gas values reflected.
- the fuel injector according to the invention with the has characteristic features of the main claim in contrast, the advantage that the spray orifices are designed so that bulge-like elevations above the raise the inner end face of the valve seat body, the Include flow channels in which the fuel to the Spray orifices is directed.
- the spray openings open into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
- the diameter of the Flow channels to the spray openings so that a there is maximum flow separation in the flow channels.
- trumpet or cone-shaped taper also a barrel-like shape, which first widens, then tapers and then expanded again, an advantage.
- the production of the spray openings is by means of a Dorns, which is opposite to the flow direction of the fuel is struck by the valve seat body, easily possible.
- the shape of the flow channels is simple the shape of the mandrel can be modeled.
- the shape of the edge, that surrounds the inflow can be designed, especially a tapered edge because of the maximum spray hole internal beam separation is cheap.
- the beam separation is also extended by an Feed radius that is used in the production of the spray openings arises, advantageously influenced.
- the fuel injector 1 shows an excerpted sectional view first embodiment of an inventive Fuel injector 1.
- the fuel injector 1 is in the form of a fuel injector 1 for Fuel injection systems from mixture-compressing, spark-ignition internal combustion engines.
- the Fuel injector 1 is suitable for direct Injecting fuel into a not shown Combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- the fuel injector 1 consists of a Nozzle body 2, in which a valve needle 3 is arranged.
- the valve needle 3 is in operative connection with a Valve closing body 4 with one on one Valve seat body 5 arranged valve seat surface 6 into one Sealing seat interacts.
- the fuel injector 1 in the exemplary embodiment it is an inward direction opening fuel injector 1, which via has at least one spray opening 7.
- Fuel injector 1 has an almost spherical shape Shape up. This creates an offset-free, gimbal Valve needle guidance achieved for an exact Operation of the fuel injector 1 ensures.
- the valve seat body 5 of the fuel injection valve 1 is almost pot-shaped and contributes to its shape Valve needle guide at.
- the valve seat body 5 is in a spray-side recess 34 of the nozzle body 2 used and by means of a weld 35 with the Nozzle body 2 connected.
- the nozzle body 2 is against one by a seal 8 Sealed outer pole 9 of a magnetic coil 10.
- the solenoid 10 is encapsulated in a coil housing 11 and on one Coil carrier 12 wound, which on an inner pole 13 of the Solenoid coil 10 is present.
- the inner pole 13 and the outer pole 9 are separated from each other by a gap 26 and support itself on a connecting component 29.
- the solenoid 10 is via a line 19 from an electrical Plug contact 17 energized electrical current.
- the Plug contact 17 is from a plastic casing 18 surrounded, which may be molded onto the inner pole 13.
- the valve needle 3 is in a valve needle guide 14 led, which is disc-shaped.
- a paired adjusting disc 15 is used for stroke adjustment the other side of the shim 15 is a Anchor 20.
- This stands over a first flange 21 non-positively in connection with the valve needle 3, which by a weld seam 22 with the first flange 21 connected is.
- One is supported on the first flange 21 Return spring 23, which in the present design of the Fuel injector 1 through a sleeve 24 Bias is brought.
- armature 20 Downstream of armature 20 is a second flange 31 arranged, which serves as the lower anchor stop. He is over a weld 33 with the valve needle 3 connected. Between the armature 20 and the second flange 31 is an elastic intermediate ring 32 for damping Anchor bounces when the fuel injector closes 1 arranged.
- valve needle guide 14 in the armature 20 and on Valve seat body 5 run fuel channels 30a to 30c.
- the fuel is supplied via a central fuel supply 16 fed and filtered by a filter element 25.
- the Fuel injector 1 is against by a seal 28 sealed a distribution line, not shown.
- the fuel injection valve 1 has the Valve seat body 5, which in a recess 34 of the Nozzle body 2 arranged and for example by means of a Weld 35 is connected to this, elevations 36, in which ends in the spray openings 7 Flow channels 39 run.
- the surveys 36 are there on an inner end face 37 of the valve seat body 5 trained and protrude into a between the Valve closing body 4 and valve seat body 5 formed volume 38 into it. They improve through theirs special form and arrangement the willingness to replace the Flow through jet constriction in the spray openings 7.
- the spray-side part of the fuel injector 1 with the measures according to the invention is in the following Figures shown and explained in more detail.
- the armature 20 falls sufficient degradation of the magnetic field by the pressure of the Return spring 23 on the first flange 21 from the inner pole 13 from, whereby the valve needle 3 against the stroke direction emotional. This sets the valve closing body 4 on the Valve seat surface 6 and the fuel injector 1 will be closed.
- the anchor 20 is based on the second flange 31 formed anchor stop.
- FIG. 2A shows an excerpted sectional view of the 1 marked with IIA in FIG. 1 from the one in FIG. 1 illustrated first embodiment of a Fuel injection valve 1 designed according to the invention.
- valve seat body 5 in the described first embodiment on the Valve closing body 4 facing inner end face 37 Elevations 36 in which flow channels 39 run, which open into the spray openings 7.
- the spray openings 7 are in the present Embodiment on the inner end face 37 of the Valve seat body 5 formed and protrude into between the valve closing body 4 and the valve seat body 5 formed volume 38 into it.
- the spray openings 7 can at any point on the valve seat body 5 to be appropriate. They are preferably on several rounds or elliptical circles of holes that are concentric with each other or can be eccentric, or on several parallel ones, straight or staggered or offset from each other curved rows of holes arranged.
- the distance between the Hole centers can be equidistant or should be different, however manufacturing reasons at least one Hole diameter.
- the spatial orientation can be different for each hole axis, as in Fig. 2A for two spray openings 7 indicated.
- the elevations 36 are dome-shaped to tubular above the inner end face 37 of the valve seat body 5 raised.
- the Production of the spray openings 7 takes place z. B. by means of a hardened mandrel that opposes the Flow direction of the fuel through the material of the Valve seat body 5 is pierced, which the Spray openings 7 surrounding elevations 36 arise. Any shape of the mandrel can, as in FIG. 2B and 2C, various shapes and cross sections of Spray openings 7 are generated.
- FIG. 2B shows a cross-sectional shape of the Spray opening 7, which is in the shape of a trumpet Flow direction of the fuel expanded, while in Fig. 2C shows a barrel-like cross-sectional shape, which is also seen overall in the outflow direction extended.
- the spray openings 7 Due to the special shape and arrangement of the spray openings 7 can detach the fuel flow Spray openings 7 are favored. Because the diameter the spray openings 7 are typically approximately 100 ⁇ m, forms a continuous in the flow channels 39 Current from the walls showing little inclination to solve the flow channels. Then this happens relatively abruptly at the spray openings 7, whereby the in injected mixture cloud becomes stringy and Has inhomogeneities. Due to the expanding shape the flow channels 39 in the surveys 36 and through the The elevations 36 protrude into the inflowing fuel a beam constriction can occur, causing detachment the flow in the spray opening 7 is favored. This allows a homogeneous mixture cloud with less Tightness and subsequently better evaporation and Mixing of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber be achieved.
- the formation of the elevations 36 can be by the use a matrix, not shown, are influenced, by the elevations 36 between the matrix and the mandrel are pinched and thereby an edge 41 of the elevations 36 can be shaped as desired. 2B and 2C the edge 41 is formed tapered, which is in Sense of improving the flow constriction and offers subsequent separation of the flow.
- Embodiments limited and z. B. for any arranged spray openings 7, for conical or cylindrical flow channels 39 and for any construction of inward opening multi-hole fuel injection valves 1 applicable.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen schematischen Schnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffeinspritzventils in einer Gesamtansicht,
- Fig. 2A
- einen schematischen Schnitt durch den abspritzseitigen Teil des in Fig. 1 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventils im Bereich IIA in Fig. 1, und
- Fig. 2B-C
- eine vergrößerte Ansicht zweier Ausführungsbeispiele von Abspritzöffnungen im Bereich IIB in Fig. 2A.
Claims (11)
- Brennstoffeinspritzventil (1) für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen mit einem erregbaren Aktuator (10), einer mit dem Aktuator (10) in Wirkverbindung stehenden und in einer Schließrichtung von einer Rückstellfeder (23) beaufschlagten Ventilnadel (3) zur Betätigung eines Ventilschließkörpers (4), der zusammen mit einer an einem Ventilsitzkörper (5) ausgebildeten Ventilsitzfläche (6) einen Dichtsitz bildet, und zumindest einer Abspritzöffnung (7), die in dem Ventilsitzkörper (5) ausgebildet ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abspritzöffnungen (7) aus Erhebungen (36) ausmünden, welche eine innere Stirnseite (37) des Ventilsitzkörpers (5) überragen, wobei der Brennstoff durch Strömungskanäle (39) in den Erhebungen (36) geleitet wird. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erhebungen (36) in ein zwischen dem Ventilschließkörper (4) und dem Ventilsitzkörper (5) ausgebildetes Volumen (38) ragen. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Strömungskanäle (39) in den Erhebungen (36) in einer Abströmrichtung des Brennstoffs zu den Abspritzöffnungen (7) erweitern. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Strömungskanäle (39) trompetenförmig erweitern. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Strömungskanäle (39) zunächst tonnenförmig erweitern und zu den Abspritzöffnungen (7) eine stärkere Erweiterung erfahren. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Strömungskanäle (39) konisch zu den Abspritzöffnungen (7) erweitern. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strömungskanäle (39) zylindrisch durch die Erhebungen (36) verlaufen. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erhebungen (36) mittels eines Dornes bei der Produktion der Abspritzöffnungen (7) aufgewölbt sind. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Einzugsradius (40) der Strömungskanäle (39) an den Abspritzöffnungen (7) ausgebildet ist. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich des zulaufseitigen Endes der Strömungskanäle (39) eine Kante (41) an den Erhebungen (36) ausgebildet ist. - Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kante (41) spitz zulaufend ausgebildet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2001124745 DE10124745A1 (de) | 2001-05-21 | 2001-05-21 | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
DE10124745 | 2001-05-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1260703A2 true EP1260703A2 (de) | 2002-11-27 |
EP1260703A3 EP1260703A3 (de) | 2004-01-28 |
EP1260703B1 EP1260703B1 (de) | 2007-07-04 |
Family
ID=7685600
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02010912A Expired - Lifetime EP1260703B1 (de) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-16 | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1260703B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10124745A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010023012A1 (de) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10341790A1 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-04-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19804463A1 (de) | 1998-02-05 | 1999-08-12 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für Ottomotoren |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB736264A (en) * | 1952-09-04 | 1955-09-07 | Daimler Benz Ag | Improvements in liquid fuel injection nozzle devices |
DE2711350A1 (de) * | 1977-03-16 | 1978-09-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kraftstoffeinspritzduese fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
GB2097471A (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1982-11-03 | Lucas Ind Plc | I.C. engine fuel injection nozzle |
AT378244B (de) * | 1982-12-14 | 1985-07-10 | Steyr Daimler Puch Ag | Einspritzduese fuer luftverdichtende, selbstzuendende hubkolben-brennkraftmaschinen |
FI88333C (fi) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-04-26 | Waertsilae Diesel Int | Foerbaettrat insprutningsventilarrangemang foer braensle |
DE4202387C2 (de) * | 1991-11-11 | 1999-09-09 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ventil mit einer Abspritzöffnung |
DE4222137B4 (de) * | 1992-07-06 | 2006-05-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse für Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen |
US5540200A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1996-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel injection valve |
US5484108A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1996-01-16 | Siemens Automotive L.P. | Fuel injector having novel multiple orifice disk members |
JPH08232813A (ja) * | 1995-02-27 | 1996-09-10 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | インジェクタ |
DE19530995A1 (de) * | 1995-08-23 | 1997-02-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
JP3329239B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-05 | 2002-09-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料噴射弁 |
DE19847460A1 (de) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse für selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschinen |
JP2000291513A (ja) * | 1999-04-08 | 2000-10-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | ディーゼルエンジン |
DE10056039A1 (de) * | 2000-11-11 | 2002-05-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
-
2001
- 2001-05-21 DE DE2001124745 patent/DE10124745A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-05-16 DE DE50210406T patent/DE50210406D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-16 EP EP02010912A patent/EP1260703B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19804463A1 (de) | 1998-02-05 | 1999-08-12 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für Ottomotoren |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010023012A1 (de) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffeinspritzventil |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1260703B1 (de) | 2007-07-04 |
DE10124745A1 (de) | 2003-03-27 |
DE50210406D1 (de) | 2007-08-16 |
EP1260703A3 (de) | 2004-01-28 |
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