EP1259681B1 - Sealing or insulating sheeting made of (polymer-)bitumen - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to new sealing or insulating sheets made of (polymer) bitumen, especially for roof covering and cladding of basement outer walls, as well Process for laying such new sheets on building roofs and walls.

As is well known, buildings require extensive sealing and insulation against external ones Influences such as wet and cold. Such influences are particularly roofs and basements, especially exposed basement walls, which is why there are usually a large number of sealing and insulating sheets is used, e.g. Vapor barriers, Vapor control, thermal insulation, compensation layers etc.

As such. According to the state of the art, webs are mostly multi-layer, one-sided adhesive ("self-adhesive" or thermally activated, e.g. by "flaming") roof, Sealing and insulating sheets made of polymer bitumen without deposits (homogeneous) or with various inlays or reinforcements (e.g. aluminum foils, glass fabric, glass grids, Glass fleece, plastic fleece and combinations of these fabrics) as well as with different Surfaces (e.g. non-removable foils, natural slate tiles, colored sand particles, Fine sand, talc) is well known in the field.

GB-A-2.253.184 discloses webs made of plastic, on the underside of which crossways Extending across the width of the web, abutting one another in the longitudinal direction of the web Insulating panels (made of stone or glass wool, polymer foam, cork, wood wool cement or expanded pearlite) are glued on, the webs being rolled up transported and stored ("taxiways").

Surfaces made of synthetic foils (e.g. PE, PP) are also known, for example serve as a base for subsequent (self-adhesive) sheets or by melting (e.g. with an open flame or hot air) the activation of the adhesive force of the cause the underlying layer of the same sheet and thus an adhesive connection with the next following position of the overall construction (e.g. roof), e.g. insulation, Bitumen membrane etc., enable.

The processing of the individual sealing and insulating sheets is usually done by rolling out the individual webs, which are predominantly in shape after production of rolls wound on themselves, on the surface, and usually in an overlapping relationship with each other to avoid bumps between the lanes to avoid, which would pose potential problem areas. The extent of the overlap Depending on the type and purpose of the train, it can range from a few centimeters to half the width of the web, but is preferably in the range of 8-12 cm.

In the known self-adhesive sheets, the self-adhesive surface is normally on provided the underside, which after winding up on itself the outside of the Represents the roll when it is applied to e.g. Simply roll roofs flat and with the subsurface (e.g. concrete substrate or an underlying track or Thermal insulation). The self-adhesive surface is with a continuous, uninterrupted covering (separating layer) made of (possibly siliconized) Paper, foil or other easily removable material to prevent the Bonding the webs in the roll provided when processing the web on the Construction site is pulled off when rolling up the webs and thus the self-adhesive surface releases.

The separation layer is covered in one piece and without any separation aids one side the entire width of the polymer bitumen membrane with different widths (but preferably 1 m) and the entire length.

Also known are webs in which only the one intended for the overlap Edge is self-adhesive and in the preferred width (8 - 12 cm) with one of the above covers (peeling films) is provided. Find examples of such tracks see, for example, U.S. Application No. 4,421,807.

Also known are self-adhesive sheets in which the cover is on the underside although it runs continuously across the entire width of the web, its adhesion to the web however only partially (e.g. in one, preferably lengthways, direction or selectively on various The bottom).

Despite the relatively good sealing and insulating performance of these sheets according to the state of the art they have a number of disadvantages.

The main problem lies in the processing of the webs, since these are specific external conditions is limited. As previously mentioned, gasket and insulation panels are used from e.g. Multi-layer roofs and basement outer walls, i.e. a web location after the other, applied (glued) what - depending on the size of the insulation Space - can sometimes take many days. Especially when it comes to roofing the problem arises that the respectively applied webs before Stick on the next layer soiled or get wet in bad weather can, which can impair the bonding, but also the sealing and insulation performance, e.g. Blistering between the layers can result.

For this reason, the web surfaces must be applied before the subsequent ones Sheets carefully cleaned and, if necessary, dried or left to dry what additional work or waiting time and thus longer installation times and brings higher costs.

In addition, the self-adhesive surfaces usually require a working temperature of at least 5 ° C, preferably at least 9-10 ° C, to ensure sufficient adhesive effect, without the need for thermal activation. If processing temperatures are too low not only is the adhesive effect impaired during processing, but it also suffers from the long-term adhesive performance and therefore under certain circumstances also the tightness of the adhesive connection, i.e. microchannels may develop over time between the surfaces glued together, through the gradual moisture can get under the membrane.

Finally, another problem is that the surfaces glued together form heterogeneous interfaces, i.e. the materials of the adhesive surface of a web and the surface of the ones below are clearly different from each other, which does not favor the adhesive effect.

From the US applications No. 4,091,135 and No. 4,386,981 roofing membranes are included Protective covers (peeling films) on the adhesive surface are known in the longitudinal direction weakened by perforations or grooves or slots or executed in several parts is in order to be able to peel off parts of the peel-off film separately. That leaves when laying part of the adhesive surface continue to be protected with the release liner, while the film has already been removed from another part and the same with the next Web can be glued. The problem that at the slots or through the Perforations and contaminants and water can get onto the adhesive surface, however, remains.

US Application No. 5,916,654 describes webs where there is a slot below or a perforation between two sections of the release film is glued to the adhesive surface, the purpose of which is easier removal of the release film from the adhesive surface - due to the weaker adhesion of the film to the strip (in Compared to that on the adhesive surface) - is. The plastic or paper or one Strips consisting of them can be removed during installation or also Not; i.e., even after laying such webs between them be present, which affects the liability in these places.

The aim of the invention is thus to eliminate the above problems by providing of improved membranes for waterproofing and insulating buildings.

This goal is achieved according to the invention by providing a sealing or insulating sheet made of (polymer) bitumen, especially for roofing and cladding Basement outer walls, with at least one of at least part of one of the surfaces the self-adhesive surface provided by the adhesive material is reached, the or each self-adhesive surface is provided with a removable protective cover, wherein at least one protective cover along at least one self-adhesive surface predefined dividing lines are carried out separately removable parts, which is characterized in that the protective cover has at least one self-adhesive surface a surface of the web at one or more predefined dividing lines by incorporating a thread or ribbon, e.g. made of plastic, metal or composite material, is weakened.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the predefined dividing lines in addition to the provision by incorporating threads or ribbons also by a Combination thereof with that followed in the EP divisional application EP 20030024240 with the publication number EP-A-1 382 768 Feature of the provision of several partially overlapping separating layer webs and / or with slitting, embossing, folding, punching and / or known per se Perforations are provided.

In preferred embodiments, a sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention on one surface entirely with a self-adhesive surface and protective cover Mistake.

This means that after laying a layer of the existing sheets, what - as already mentioned - the surface occurs in an overlapping relationship of the webs to each other well protected against dirt and moisture, because before the next one is applied The protective cover (s) can only be removed in the area of the overlaps must (must) while the rest of the protective cover (s) are initially on the self-adhesive surface (s) remains.

The protective cover not only protects the self-adhesive surfaces from sticking together with the other surface of the web when stored in the rolled state as well as before Damage, but also protects the layer surface after laying. Therefore the laying process can be significantly simplified and accelerated, since the previously time-consuming cleaning and drying of the layer surface before applying the next layer can largely be omitted. This not only saves time and money but it can also work in less favorable weather conditions than before become.

The weaknesses of the protective cover can be pulled out at the corresponding points the threads or tapes worked into the protective cover, e.g. out Plastic, metal or composite material, can be provided. This will make an unintended Removing parts of the protective cover during storage prevents the intended However, weaknesses can easily be attached to the protective cover on site.

The protective cover is preferably at regular intervals over the entire length Width of the web in the longitudinal direction weakened by or incorporated by threads a combination of such weakenings according to the present invention with those previously mentioned embodiments of partially overlapping separating layer webs according to above divisional application and / or with measures known per se such as slitting, perforating, Embossing, punching and folding are removable in several parts. This increases the flexibility when laying the sheets, because not only the width of the overlaps with a large number of separation points can be chosen almost freely, but also the membrane along the edge of the substrate (e.g. roof, basement outer wall) along the separation points can be cut more easily and precisely. They also stay cut away parts of the web covered with protective cover and can be lighter continue to be used.

In a preferred variant, the protective covers of the webs are in accordance with the present Invention also in the vicinity of at least one transverse edge, in particular both Cross edges, the web also weakened or weakened in the transverse direction according to the invention and split to make the "head butt" i.e. the overlap points of the Paths when laying head to head, just as easy and with the same advantages as to be able to accomplish when overlapping in the longitudinal direction.

In the case of the sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention, this preferably corresponds to Minimum distance of the predefined dividing lines from the nearest edges the width of the overlaps formed when the web is laid, for adhesive strength and to ensure the tightness of the installed sheets with each other.

b:

Breite des Sicherheitsstreifens,

d:

Dicke der Bahn,

m:

Mindestabstand der nächstgelegenen vordefinierten Trennlinie vom Rand;

ü:

Breite der Überlappungen der Bahnen beim Verlegen.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the protective covers located on the edge protrudes beyond this edge, in particular over its entire length, in order to form a security strip. The width of this security strip preferably satisfies the following equation: b ≥ d + (m - ü),

b:

Width of the security strip,

d:

Web thickness,

m:

Minimum distance of the nearest predefined dividing line from the edge;

ü:

Width of the overlaps of the sheets when laying.

Such security strips can be used when laying the sheets according to the invention also the previously exposed side surfaces of the webs from contamination and Stay protected from moisture. When laying a web, the overlap occurs after the Peel off the edge protective cover of the previous sheet in this embodiment not over the entire exposed self-adhesive area, but something for Edge offset so that a strip of self-adhesive surface does not come from the bottom of the Web is covered. The protruding security strip is going down over the edge bent and glued to this free self-adhesive surface so that the side surface of the Protect the web and in turn the entire surface of all the webs with a protective cover stay. In the preferred embodiment, the width of the security strip corresponds thus preferably at least this free self-adhesive surface, the is calculated from the above equation.

Preferred sealing or insulating sheets also point to at least part of the opposite surface also including at least one self-adhesive surface associated protective cover (s), whereby the liability of the (overlapping) Lanes to each other compared to cases where self-adhesive surfaces e.g. on non-adhesive (Polymer) bitumen should adhere, is significantly improved.

If the adhesive material of the self-adhesive surfaces on one surface of the sheets is the same as that of the self-adhesive surfaces on the opposite surface, whereby compared to the prior art, where heterogeneous interfaces, i.e. interfaces between different materials, between the webs are formed, the strength and durability of the adhesive connection can be maximized. With such particularly preferred webs according to the invention, when laying each formed homogeneous interfaces, whereby instead of adhesive forces as after State of the art Cohesive forces that cause adhesive action.

The protective covers on the self-adhesive surfaces of the opposite surface the web is preferably of the same nature as that of the first surface, i.e. weakened by incorporating threads or tapes and, if necessary, additionally, i.e. in combination with it, in the form of partially overlapping single tracks and / or slotted, perforated, embossed, punched and / or folded, especially on numerous Adjust periodically to reap the above installation benefits to show off on both sides.

A variant of the sealing or insulating sheets according to the invention provides that at least part of the opposite surface one or more surface modification (s) is / are provided. So instead of or in addition to self-adhesive surfaces modified (polymer) bitumen surfaces can also be provided prove particularly useful when the webs of the invention e.g. on concrete installed where self-adhesive would not be sufficiently efficient, but the bitumen must be heated and melted in order to adhere firmly to the surface.

The surface modifications can be made in a known manner from non-removable films, Natural slate tiles, colored sand particles, fine sand and talc are selected to give the surface desired properties, the benefits of which later are discussed in more detail.

In another embodiment of the sealing or insulating sheets according to the invention can cover at least part of the opposite surface of the web with a Provide thermal insulation, preferably glued or fused. This gives known combinations of geomembranes and thermal insulation in the form the advantages of so-called taxiways or (shorter tracks, e.g. 3-5 m) folding tracks of the invention, i.e. the self-adhesive with divided protective cover on the Surface.

The thermal insulation can be made in a known manner from polystyrene, preferably in Form of an expanded (EPS), particle or structural foam, which has excellent thermal insulation properties.

All self-adhesive surfaces of the webs according to the invention can be thermally activated Self-adhesive surfaces or cold self-adhesive surfaces to be laid under to enable any weather and underground conditions.

The (polymer) bitumen of the sheets according to the invention can be used in a conventional manner or contain reinforcements, e.g. selected from aluminum foils, glass fabrics, Glasgittem, glass fleeces, plastic fleeces and combinations thereof to the webs to give increased stiffness and resistance to breakage, cracking and treading and thus pre Protect damage.

All of the sealing or insulating sheets according to the invention can, if necessary self-adhesive surfaces provided on both sides until they are used in the form of a on a roll wound on itself, as any adhesive surfaces with protective covers in the form of conventional release agents, e.g. Release films or Release paper, are provided. Embodiments of the invention provided with thermal insulation are in turn stored as pre-assembled roller or folding lanes.

When laying webs which are particularly preferred according to the invention, in each case glued the self-adhesive surfaces of two overlapping sheets so that one homogeneous interface formed and better adhesion and higher durability of the bond (e.g. in relation to the tightness of the adhesive interface). Thereby it becomes possible at temperatures lower than the previously usual range of usually 5-10 ° C sufficient adhesive power (immediately or if necessary at Post-gluing by increasing the temperature) of the self-adhesive surfaces, thereby it is possible to lay the sheets even below 5 ° C.

In addition, the top self-adhesive surfaces of the webs remain until the application of the next layer each protected by the rest of the protective cover (s), whereby time-consuming cleaning and drying of the layer surface can be dispensed with, which Time and cost expenditure for e.g. Roof covering and basement outer wall cladding considerable i lower.

Fig. 1 a schematisch den Aufbau einer einfachen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn mit oberseitig vollflächiger Selbstklebefläche und Schutzabdeckung und unterseitiger Oberflächenmodifizierung des (Polymer-)Bitumens im Querschnitt zeigt;

Fig. 1 b schematisch den Aufbau einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn mit oberseitig vollflächiger Selbstklebefläche und Schutzabdeckung sowie unterseitig an den Längsrändern vorgesehenen Selbstklebeflächen und Schutzabdeckungen im Querschnitt zeigt;

Fig. 1 c schematisch den Aufbau einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn mit beidseitig vollflächigen Selbstklebeflächen und Schutzabdeckungen im Querschnitt zeigt;

Fig. 2a schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht die Unterseite der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn aus Fig. 1c mit teilweise abgehobener Schutzabdeckung zeigt;

Fig. 2b schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht die Oberseite der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn aus Fig. 1 mit vordefinierten Trennlinien in der Schutzabdeckung zeigt;

Fig. 3a eine ähnliche isometrische Teilansicht wie Fig. 2b ist, wobei jedoch vordefinierte Trennlinien in regelmäßigen Abständen über die gesamte Breite der Bahn vorgesehen sind;

Fig. 3b schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht die Unterseite der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn aus Fig. 1b zeigt;

Fig. 4a schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht eine Ausführungsform einer Dichtungs-bzw. Isolierbahn mit mehreren getrennten Schutzabdeckungs-Bahnen zeigt;

Fig. 4b schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht das überlappende Verlegen zweier Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahnen aus Fig. 4a andeutet;

Fig. 5 schematisch die Anordnung mehrerer erfindungsgemäßer Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahnen nach deren überlappendem Verlegen auf einem Substrat im Querschnitt zeigt;

Fig. 6 schematisch die Anordnung mehrerer teilüberlappender Schutzabdeckungen auf der Selbstklebefläche einer Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn im Querschnitt zeigt;

Fig. 7a schematisch in isometrischer Teilansicht eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit vordefinierter Trennlinie in Querrichtung nahe eines Kopfrandes einer erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahn zeigt;

Fig. 7b die Ausführungsform aus Fig. 7a mit zusätzlich an der Unterseite vorgesehenen Wärmedämmelementen zeigt;

Fig. 8a die Ausführungsform aus Fig. 7b schematisch im Längsquerschnitt zeigt;

Fig. 8b eine Variante der Ausführungsform aus den Fig. 7b und 8a mit nur zwei unterseitig vorgesehenen Wärmedämmelementen zeigt;

Fig. 8c die Ausführungsform aus Fig. 8b in zur Lagerung zusammengeklapptem Zustand ("Klappbahn") zeigt; und

Fig. 9 schematisch die Anordnung zweier erfindungsgemäßer Dichtungs- bzw. Isolierbahnen mit überstehendem Sicherheitsstreifen nach deren überlappendem Verlegen auf einem Substrat im Querschnitt zeigt.

The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which

Fig. 1 a shows schematically the structure of a simple embodiment of the sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention with a full-surface self-adhesive surface and protective cover and bottom surface modification of the (polymer) bitumen in cross section;

1 b schematically shows in cross section the structure of a further embodiment of a sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention with a full-surface self-adhesive surface and protective cover and on the underside provided self-adhesive surfaces and protective covers on the longitudinal edges;

Fig. 1 c shows schematically the structure of a further embodiment of a sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention with self-adhesive surfaces on both sides and protective covers in cross section;

FIG. 2a shows a schematic isometric partial view of the underside of the sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention from FIG. 1c with the protective cover partially lifted off;

FIG. 2b shows a schematic isometric partial view of the top of the embodiment of the sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention from FIG. 1 with predefined dividing lines in the protective cover;

FIG. 3a is a partial isometric view similar to FIG. 2b, but with predefined dividing lines being provided at regular intervals over the entire width of the web;

3b shows schematically in isometric partial view the underside of the sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention from FIG. 1b;

Fig. 4a schematically in an isometric partial view of an embodiment of a sealing or. Insulation sheet with several separate protective cover sheets shows;

FIG. 4b schematically in partial isometric view indicates the overlapping laying of two sealing or insulating sheets from FIG. 4a;

5 schematically shows in cross section the arrangement of a plurality of sealing or insulating sheets according to the invention after their overlapping laying on a substrate;

Fig. 6 shows schematically the arrangement of several partially overlapping protective covers on the self-adhesive surface of a sealing or insulating sheet in cross section;

7a schematically shows an isometric partial view of an embodiment of the invention with a predefined dividing line in the transverse direction near a head edge of a sealing or insulating sheet according to the invention;

FIG. 7b shows the embodiment from FIG. 7a with additional thermal insulation elements provided on the underside;

Fig. 8a shows the embodiment of Fig. 7b schematically in longitudinal cross section;

8b shows a variant of the embodiment from FIGS. 7b and 8a with only two thermal insulation elements provided on the underside;

FIG. 8c shows the embodiment from FIG. 8b in the folded-up state for storage ("folding track"); and

Fig. 9 shows schematically the arrangement of two sealing or insulating sheets according to the invention with protruding security strips after their overlapping laying on a substrate in cross section.

Detailed description of the figures

In Figure 1, there are three schematic (i.e., not to scale) cross-sectional views of sealing or insulating sheets 1 according to the invention shown. 1a shows a sealing or insulating sheet 1 made of conventional (polymer) bitumen as the base material, the full surface on the upper side with a self-adhesive surface 2 from one of the conventionally used Apply a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (e.g. bitumen-SBS blends plus additives) which is usually in the range of tenths of a millimeter. The (polymer) bitumen can, as mentioned at the beginning, various inserts or reinforcements (not shown) include, e.g. Aluminum foils, glass fabrics, glass grids, glass fleece, plastic fleece and combinations thereof.

In general, it should be noted that in the figures shown here, the self-adhesive surfaces the webs 1 according to the invention are normally (at least) provided on the top which is the preferred embodiment of the invention since it is laying the next following, overlying layer of webs without extensive cleaning and drying of the surfaces can take place. It just needs the protective cover 3 are peeled off, whereupon the self-adhesive surface 2 clean and dry for Available. Some areas of application of the webs according to the invention can however, require that also or even exclusively the underside with self-adhesive surface 2 is provided, so that the reverse construction within the scope of the invention lies. The advantage of partially peeling off the protective covers along predefined ones In any case there are dividing lines between individual protective cover sheets given. '

The self-adhesive surface 2 of the web 1 is with a protective cover 3 in the form of a Separating layer web, for example made of (optionally siliconized) separating paper, Release films made of plastic or other conventionally used easily removable Materials (for example, reinforcements made of glass or plastic fabric), protected from damage, dirt and moisture. The protective cover 3 has Predefined dividing lines near the two longitudinal edges and in the middle of the web 4 along which the protective cover 3 is removed when laying the web (s) 1 becomes.

In the following, weakenings are to be understood as meaning both those that have already occurred at the Production of the webs, i.e. provided in the protective cover 3 before use are, e.g. by folding, embossing or punching the cover film were, as well as those that only shortly before or when laying the invention Lanes 1 are produced. Here, e.g. one in making the protective cover 3 in the same thread (or narrow band), e.g. made of tear-resistant Plastic or metal or metal-plastic composite material or the like, pulled out, around a "weakening" line in the protective cover at the appropriate point 3 provide, which is now one of the operating personnel when laying the webs 1 represents an easily detachable connection, while there is no unintended storage Parts of the protective cover can come off.

Both embodiments are included herein with the term "weakening". invention On the other hand, weakenings are only those in which at least one is predefined Dividing line, preferably the majority of the predefined dividing lines, 4 in shape weakened by incorporated threads or tapes, so that by pulling out a weakening for the subsequent division of the protective cover (s) 3 is accomplished.

The underside of the web 1 according to the invention is with a surface modification in FIG. 1a 6 provided, which mainly serves in addition to a slight protective effect, the bitumen sticky at normal or higher temperature on the adhesive in the roll to prevent. As such surface modifications are conventional non-removable films (which either remain unchanged when the web is laid or burn or melt in case of flaming), natural slate tiles, colored Sand particles, fine sand and talc are used. However, the invention is not based on this Examples limited.

The length and width of the webs 1 according to the invention are not particularly restricted. A width of 1 m is usual. The length varies with the respective thickness of the web (usually 2 to 5 mm thick), but is usually in the range of 3 to 20 m, preferably 5 to 10 m, length. For pre-assembled elements in the form of taxiways or folding sheets consisting of thermal insulation and a first layer of (polymer) bitumen sheet 1, the length is in particular 3 to 5 m. Such tracks will be used later described in more detail.

1b shows a modification of the sealing or insulating sheet 1 according to the invention, the longitudinal edges of the web 1 being strip-shaped on both sides on the underside Self-adhesive surfaces 2 are provided, which in turn are also strip-shaped Protective covers 3 are covered. When laying such sheets, gluing takes place the webs of a layer with each other at the edges, i.e. in those places where overlap the paths of a layer.

The distance between the weakenings or predefined dividing lines 4 according to the invention 1b from the longitudinal edge is less than the width of the self-adhesive surfaces on the underside 2. This has the effect that the latter when laying such sheets not only with the top Self-adhesive surface of the previously laid sheet of one layer up to the predefined one Dividing line 4 (after removing the top and bottom protective covers in these areas) but also glued to the surface. If you choose one of the widths the self-adhesive surface on the underside corresponding distance of the predefined Separation line 4 from the longitudinal edge results in the exclusive formation of homogeneous Adhesive interfaces. In both cases, two adhesive surfaces are in with each other Adhesive interventions brought to which instead of - as usual - adhesive forces now cohesive forces act, which enables a much firmer and more long-term bonding.

1 c shows a variant of the embodiment from FIG. 1 b, the web 1 is provided on the top and bottom with self-adhesive surfaces 2, which is the liability allows the web 1 on the ground without extreme heat.

Such embodiments of the webs 1 according to the invention can each be separated or in combination within a roof covering or cellar outer wall cladding installed location. This means that a location can only consist of layers of one type, or. for example, different layers can alternate be relocated, making the underground liability against the sole Use of webs from Fig. 1a improved the material consumption of glue and Separating material compared to the sole use of webs according to FIG. 1c can be reduced, which also reduces costs.

The sheets are usually stored in a roll before use, which - due to protective covers 3 attached on both sides - also in the case the self-adhesive surfaces 2 provided on both sides with the sealing or Insulating sheets 1 possible and is also preferred from a certain length, since the sheets are easy to lay based on such roles.

Such a more efficient and firm gluing of the self-adhesive surfaces 2 on both sides provided webs 1 also allows use, i.e. Laying, the invention Sealing and insulating sheets at lower temperatures, i.e. temperatures, where the adhesive forces according to the prior art are not sufficient, to make firm adhesive connections. The limit for this is usually minimal 5 ° C. With webs according to the invention, laying is also problem-free at below 5 ° C possible. The lower limit varies depending on the adhesive used, but is in the case the bonding of two cold self-adhesive surfaces at about -3 ° C to 0 ° C.

Generally there is a bond between thermally hot-melt adhesive, thermally self-adhesive and cold self-adhesive surfaces. Thermally activatable adhesive is, for example, the (polymer) bitumen as the main constituent of the membrane, but for what large amounts of heat must be supplied. However, the advantage is that such thermally activated adhesive surfaces also on surfaces such as concrete and Adhere masonry (with primer) very well. Thermally self-adhesive surfaces are included an adhesive (e.g. bitumen-SBS blends plus additives) that is at normal temperature is not liable, but is self-adhesive when low heat energy is supplied, for which - depending on the adhesive mixture - sun exposure may be sufficient. Cold self-adhesive surfaces after all, they are over a wide temperature range without any heat input adhesive. A lower limit of about 5 ° C. is customary, but according to the invention by homogeneously gluing two such cold self-adhesive surfaces to below 0 ° C can be lowered.

FIG. 2a shows the underside of the embodiment from FIG. 1c with a full-surface self-adhesive surface 2 and associated, partially raised protective cover 3 without predefined Dividing lines 4, which are provided in this embodiment only on the top are. FIG. 2b shows the top of the webs 1 according to the invention from FIGS. 1a-1c in Partial isometric view (the relationship between length and width of the webs is common much larger). The protective cover is in four places 4 over the entire Provide the length of the web with predefined dividing lines. Two of the predefined Separation lines are located near the two longitudinal edges, the third in the middle of the web. The underside of the web shown here can in turn be of any design, i.e. with full-surface or only partially provided adhesive surfaces 2 and associated Protective covers 3 or made of surface-modified (polymer) bitumen.

The advantage of the protective covers 3 divided according to the invention is that which are not directly used to produce an adhesive connection with other webs 1 of the same Location required surface covered and protected by the protective cover 3 remains until the next layer of roofing or wall covering is applied becomes. This enables time-consuming cleaning and drying State of the art normally exposed surfaces of already laid webs before applying the next layer, which is a significant saving Represents time and cost.

The subdivision of the protective cover 3 has the following additional advantage: the laying of sealing or insulating sheets takes place in overlapping on the longitudinal edges Relationship to each other, so that within a layer when laying the sheets 1 for the time being only one edge section of the protective cover 3 needs to be removed in each case. In order not to be limited to a particular laying direction, both edges are included predefined dividing lines 4. The rest of the protective cover remains on the Surface until the next layer is applied.

If you now reach the edge of the substrate with the first layer of webs, i.e. for example of the roof or the basement wall, the protrusion of the last track must be in Cut longitudinally, the protective cover often tears or - at least partially - is subtracted undesirably. By providing weak points or predefined dividing lines 4 also in the middle of the web prevented since now separated along this predefined dividing line 4 and the separated one Surplus can continue to be used, since the adhesive surface with protective cover remains protected.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the sealing and Isolierbahn 1 is therefore shown in Fig. 3a, where at regular intervals over the entire Width of the web 1 predefined dividing lines 4 are provided, which greatly increases Variability when laying the web - both in terms of the width of the overlaps as well as when removing the above-mentioned protrusions from the edges of the substrate - guaranteed. The distance between the predefined dividing lines 4 can be between 1 and 20 cm, preferably 2-10 cm, can be selected.

The width of the overlaps between the sheets, which is usually 5-12 cm 1 can thus be chosen to be highly variable, without the protective cover 3 as a whole to peel or cut by hand. In addition, efficient use of the allows removed supernatants at the substrate edges.

The predefined dividing line 4 in the middle of the tracks 1 also has the advantage that when applying the next layer of webs again not the entire protective cover 3 needs to be deducted at once. The laying of the next web layer namely again overlapping, but not overlapping by the same width, around not very thick spots due to several overlaps to form on a roof or a basement wall covering and around the Adhesion and tightness do not concentrate critical points in a line. Therefore any next sheets are usually offset by half a sheet width. In this case, according to the present invention, it is in turn possible to follow the route provided there predefined dividing lines 4 the protective cover can be removed.

3b is a partial isometric view of the underside of the embodiment of FIG. 1b. where self-adhesive surfaces 2 and protective covers 3 are only provided on the longitudinal edges are what - as mentioned above - saves material and costs. The not shown in Fig. 3b The entire surface is provided with self-adhesive surface 2 and protective cover 3.

4a shows a variant of a which is followed up in the above-mentioned divisional application Sealing or insulating sheet 1 from Fig. 2b. This embodiment is therefore not an example for the invention described herein since the division of the protective cover 3 not through weakenings 4 according to the invention but only through individual ones partially overlapping protective cover sheets is given. 4a there are four individual tracks, 3, 3 ', 3 "and 3"'. To better understand the nature of the partially overlapping Interface layers, this embodiment is nevertheless described in more detail here, since the same in combination with weakenings according to the invention in accordance with the one disclosed herein Feature very well sealing or. Isolierbahnen result in the scope of protection of the present invention.

The arrangement of these protective cover single sheets 3, 3 ', 3 "on the self-adhesive surface 2 of a web 1 is shown schematically in cross section in FIG. 6. The advantage of this Embodiment compared to that with division by cuts or perforations 4 lies in the fact that in the latter embodiments dirt or Moisture can penetrate through the cuts or perforations 4, which is due to the partial overlap the protective covers on top of each other are prevented efficiently. weaknesses, regardless of whether they are stamped or embossed in advance or According to the invention provided only on site by pulling a thread or tape also offer better protection against dirt and moisture.

The partial overlaps of the protective cover single sheets preferably take place from the edges of web 1, i.e. the two outermost protective cover single sheets, in Fig. 4a the webs 3, 3 "', are partially above those located within them (3 ', 3 "), so as not to be limited to a particular direction of installation.

FIG. 4b schematically indicates how two sheets 1 according to FIG. 4a are laid one above the other come to rest. From the bottom sheet is part of the protective cover, i.e. the single web 3 from FIG. 4a, so that the self-adhesive surface 2 in the area of the longitudinal edge is exposed. Another sheet 1, from the underside (not shown) of which all protective covers have already been removed. The width of the overlap 5 (indicated by the broken lines in the figure) corresponds to the smallest distance of the partial overlap of the protective cover sheets (or the closest predefined dividing line 4 in embodiments of the present Invention) to the edge of the web 1, in Fig. 4 the distance between the partial overlap from 3 over 3 'and the edge.

5 shows the arrangement of webs 1 according to the invention after laying. They overlap one another by the width specified with 5. In this area 5 the protective cover 3 was removed from the top of each web 1, so that direct Two self-adhesive surfaces 2, that is to say cohesive adhesive, are bonded. The Protective cover on the underside of each lane 1 has been completely removed, thereby full-surface contact between the substrate S and a self-adhesive surface 2 of each web 1 is given. The space between the individual visible in the drawing Of course, webs must not occur in practice, because of the small thickness of the sheets (a few mm) hardly and is also easy due to careful laying to avoid entirely.

At the top of the sheets 1 forming a layer is except in the area of the overlaps the protective cover 3 is still present, so that the top self-adhesive surfaces 2 protected from dirt and moisture until the next sheet layer is glued on stay.

The laying process of preferred sealing or Best describe insulating sheets of the invention. Particularly preferred sealing and insulating sheets 1 of the invention have full surface areas provided on both surfaces Self-adhesive surfaces 2 with overlying protective covers 3 on several places 4, in particular at regular intervals across the entire width the webs, weakened according to the invention, and optionally in the form of several partially overlapping separating layer webs (3, 3 ', 3 ", 3"') executed and / or in are divided or weakened in a manner known per se.

Laying such webs on a substrate, e.g. on a roof or on one Basement outer wall, according to the invention takes place as follows (in Fig. 5 from right to Left):

A first web 1 is placed on the substrate S at the lowest point according to the technical rules or glued by removing any protective cover (s) 3 from the bottom - i.e. the the substrate (S) facing side - the web 1 is / are withdrawn while the Web 1 is slowly rolled out on the substrate. Then a second lane 1 is opened the substrate S is placed or glued, the first and second webs being attached to their Partially overlap the longitudinal edges. 5. Again, any protective cover (s) 3 subtracted from the bottom of the second lane and simultaneously during of the second web rolling out the protective cover 3 of the first web in the area the overlap 5 along a corresponding predefined dividing line 4, if appropriate after previously producing the weakening according to the invention Pull out an incorporated thread or tape, peeled off around the self-adhesive surfaces Expose 2 of both webs in the overlap area 5 and homogeneously with each other to stick over cohesive forces.

As a result, the third and all further webs on the substrate S and - in the area the overlaps 5 - one after the other on the previous path on the same Glued in the same way as just described until the substrate has the desired degree of coverage with lanes 1; usually until it's completely covered. Finally the last web going beyond the edge of the substrate is cut, which according to the present invention preferably along an inventive Weakening 4 or a partial overlap of the protective cover (s) 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'" or a conventional predefined dividing line (slot, embossing, fold or groove) can. This cut-off supernatant is still with protective cover (s) provided and can possibly for the next layer - possibly as lying on the edge Web without having to cut an entire web 1 - can be used.

6, as already mentioned, shows the arrangement of individual partially overlapping protective cover sheets 3, 3 ', 3 "on a self-adhesive surface 2 of a web 1 that is not part of the the present invention, the partial overlaps on the (not shown) second half of the web 1 in the opposite direction, so as not to a specific Direction of laying to be restricted.

Fig. 7a shows a variant of the web according to the invention from Fig. 2b, with additional a further predefined dividing line to the predefined dividing lines 4 in the longitudinal direction 4 is provided in the transverse direction near the transverse edge of the web 1. This additional predefined dividing line 4, preferably in the form of a weakening according to the invention, serves the overlap in the production of the so-called "head butt" at Laying the sheets. This head butt is the collision of two Webs on their transverse edges, which e.g. is required in cases where that to be covered Substrate is wider than the length of the web (s). Even with the head butt Lanes laid in an overlapping relationship, which is due to weakenings according to the invention 4 - or also additional partially overlapping protective cover single sheets - in is simplified in a manner analogous to that described above.

7b again shows another isometric, partial schematic view preferred embodiment of sealing or insulating sheets according to the invention represents, provided on the underside of a web 1 as shown in FIG. 7a thermal insulation elements 7 are. The same extend at regular intervals in the transverse direction and are glued or fused to the web 1 on the underside thereof.

The thermal insulation 7 usually consist of conventional polystyrene, preferably in the form of an expanded (EPS) particle or structural foam as he has long been used for thermal insulation of buildings. However, it can any other material suitable for this purpose can be used as long as the Advantages of the invention, i.e. the simplification of laying, are retained.

8a shows the embodiment from FIG. 7b in a longitudinal cross section. such Sheets 1 provided with thermal insulation 7 enable a further reduction in time and costs for the roof covering or wall cladding, since there are two layers, namely thermal insulation and the next gasket layer can be installed at the same time. storage and transport of these trains usually takes the form of so-called "Taxiways", i.e. also wound up into a roll, the thermal insulation elements usually point outwards. When setting suitable distances between the insulation 7 is also an inverse winding possible.

A variant of these taxiways is shown in Fig. 8b, a track 1 with the top Self-adhesive surface 2, protective cover 3 and predefined dividing line 4 for the

Provide head butt on the underside with only two more compact thermal insulation elements 7 are. Such tracks are usually shorter than taxiways (only about 2-5 m) and are stored folded in the form of so-called "folding lanes", such as shown in Fig. 8c.

9 finally shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in Cross-section, with at least one of the protective covers located on the edge over protrudes this edge, in particular over its entire length, by a security strip 3 * form. In Fig. 9 is - in an analogous manner as in Fig. 5 - the overlapping Laying such tracks shown. The laying direction corresponds in this Again, the right-to-left direction is shown, and laying is similar as described in connection with FIG. 5. However, in this embodiment each lane does not cover the entire surface by pulling off the marginal part the protective cover 3 of the previous path (along a predefined, not shown Separating line) exposed self-adhesive surface m, but somewhat to the (left) edge stuck on so that there is a strip of self-adhesive surface along the overlap (m-ü) is not covered by the underside of the next track. The protruding one Security strip 3 * of each lane is now bent down over its edge and glued to this free self-adhesive surface 2, so that the (vertical) side surface the web and subsequently the entire surface of all webs with protective cover 3 remain protected before the next layer is applied.

b:

Breite des Sicherheitsstreifens 3*,

d:

Dicke der Bahn 1,

m:

Mindestabstand der nächstgelegenen vordefinierten Trennlinie 4 vom Rand;

ü:

Breite der Überlappungen 5 der Bahnen beim Verlegen.

Such security strips can also protect the previously exposed side surfaces of the sheets from dirt and moisture when laying the sheets 1 according to the invention. The width b of the security strip 3 * thus preferably corresponds to at least this free self-adhesive area plus the thickness d of the web, as can be seen from the following equation: b ≥ d + (m-ü),

b:

Width of the security strip 3 *,

d:

Web 1 thickness,

m:

Minimum distance of the nearest predefined dividing line 4 from the edge;

ü:

Width of the overlaps 5 of the sheets when laying.

If b is greater than the sum of d + (m-ü), the safety strips are used when laying 3 * similar partial overlaps formed, as shown in Fig. 6, which the Butt joint between the protective covers 3 of two overlapping webs 1 additionally covers and protects. This variant is therefore a particularly preferred one Embodiment of the invention.

The present invention can be applied not only to those described above, but in principle on all e.g. for roofing or insulation of basement outer walls Apply the types of waterproofing and insulating sheeting used - even to those in the top layer of roofing sheets used, if at least still on top another covering (for example a floor covering, roof garden subsoil etc.) follows.

It goes without saying, therefore, that although the invention is described with reference to FIG specific examples have been explained, numerous modifications can be made to them can, which are also within the scope of the invention.

Claims (22)

1. A sealing and/or insulating sheet made of bitumen, particularly for covering roofs and lining the external walls of cellars, with at least one self-adhesive surface consisting of adhesive material provided on at least a part of one of the surfaces of the sheet, wherein this, or each, self-adhesive surface is provided with a detachable protective covering, wherein at least one protective covering of at least one self-adhesive surface consists of several parts, being separately detachable along predefined lines,
   characterized in that the protective covering (3) of at least one self-adhesive surface (2) of a surface of the sheet (1) is weakened at one or more predefined lines (4) by incorporation of a thread or band, e.g. made of plastic, metal or composite material.
2. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the predetermined lines (4) is designed in the form of several partially overlapping separating layer sheets (3, 3', 3", 3"').
3. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, additionally, at least one of the predefined lines (4) is designed in a conventional manner by slitting, perforating, stamping, folding and/or punching the protective covering.
4. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the one surface of the sheet (1) is entirely provided with a self-adhesive surface (2) and a protective covering (3).
5. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 4, characterized in that the protective covering (3) is weakened at regular intervals in longitudinal direction across the entire width of the sheet (1) by means of incorporated threads or bands, which protective covering additionally may be designed in the form of several partially overlapping separating layer sheets (3, 3', 3", 3"') and/or may be slit, perforated, stamped, folded and/or punched.
6. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the vicinity of at least one short side edge of the sheet (1), the protective covering(s) (3) is/are also weakened in the transverse direction by means of incorporated threads or bands, which protective covering(s) additionally may be designed in the form of several partially overlapping separating layer sheets (3, 3"") and/or may be slit, perforated, stamped, folded and/or punched.
7. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the minimum distance between the incorporated threads or bands (4) and the nearest edge of the sheet (1) corresponds to the width of the overlaps (5) formed when laying the sheets.
8. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the parts (3, 3"', 3"") of the protective covering, located at the edge, projects beyond this edge, preferably along its entire length, in order to form a safety strip (3*).
9. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 8, characterized in that the width of the safety strip (3*) satisfies the following equation: b ≥ d + (m - ü) where:

   b:

   width of the safety strip

   d:

   thickness of the sheet

   m:

   minimum distance between the nearest thread or band and the edge

   ü:

   width of the overlaps (5) of the sheets upon laying.

10. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one self-adhesive surface (2), including associated protective covering(s) (3), is also provided on at least one part of the opposite surface of the sheet (1).
11. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive material of the self-adhesive surface(s) (2) on one surface of the sheet (1) is the same as that of the self-adhesive surface(s) (2) on the opposite surface of the sheet (1).
12. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the protective covering(s) (3) on the self-adhesive surface(s) (2) on the opposite surface of the sheet (1) is/are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9.
13. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more surface modification(s) (6) is/are provided on at least one part of the opposite surface of the sheet (1).
14. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 13, characterized in that the surface modification(s) (6) is/are selected from non-detachable foils, flakes of natural slate, coloured sand particles, fine sand and talcum.
15. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the opposite surface of the sheet (1) is provided with a thermal insulation (7), preferably attached through adhesion or fusion.
16. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 15, characterized in that the thermal insulation consists of polystyrene, preferably in the form of an expanded (EPS) particulate or structural foam.
17. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the self-adhesive surfaces (2) are thermally activatable self-adhesive surfaces.
18. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the self-adhesive surfaces (2) are cold self-adhesive surfaces.
19. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bitumen contains inclusions and/or reinforcements.
20. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inclusions and/or reinforcements are selected from aluminium foils, glass fabrics, glass screens, non-woven glass or plastic mats, and combinations thereof.
21. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheet (1) comes coiled up into a roll, until use.
22. The sealing and/or insulating sheet according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the sheet (1) comes in the form of a rolled sheet or folded sheet, until use.

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